Authors and Title Objectives/Goals of Methodologies Results/Findings Recommendations

Research

1. On Privacy and To connect the
Security in Social quantitative system
Media – A with a specific end goal
Comprehensive to investigate the social
Study by Senthil information of the
Kumar, potential users focusing
Saravanakumar on privacy concerns
hinges
 The study used survey The results show that 52% are Enforce a set of well-defined
system to more than 200 acquainted with social media policies for social media like
social media users protection. It was identified that strong password, awareness
 Using non-probability many shortcomings on the of changing passwords often,
testing strategy technical side of privacy and awareness of information
 Using spiral testing and security measures are on the disclosure, purpose of
respondent-driven social meida sites. antivirus and software etc., we
examining would secure social networks
from further attacks and
vulnerability.

2. The Impact of To examine the impact  Used quantitative- Social media platforms as an Study is limited to local
Social Media on of social media on descriptive research effective tool to fulfill and fulfill government units that are
Public Relations public relations involving a sample of the role of public information. already implementing the
Practices among activities; to determine sixty- eight participants Social media and public relations widespread use of social
Information the extent to which the  standardized survey practices in LGUs continue to rely media for the distribution of
Officers in use of social media has questionnaire designed on one-way communication, such information and the use of e-
CAMANAVA and an impact on the to produce data as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, government systems.
Batangas personal lives of public answered by research etc., resulting in 68 participants Recommended that further
Philippines by Dr. information officers in questions research be carried out using a
Macario G. GAYETA local government units. mixed-method to find more
2021 comprehensive results

3. Social Media Use To investigate the use
by Government: and impact of social
From the Routine media and to identify
to the Critical by and develop methods to
Kavanaugh, Yang, effectively meet a
Shoemaker, Fox variety of local
government and
community needs
 Conducted focus group New tools are needed to help Given the efficiency of
interview with 24 country government and citizens make communication coupled with
officials including sense of the overwhelming the potential to reach many
questionnaire about amount of data that is being constituents personally and
social media use and generated, to model the flow of quickly provided by social
their community information media, it seems clear that
involvement. governments should seek to
Alerting government officials to understand and to leverage
 Collected social media
the analyzed information from
from official post and these communication
multiple social media sources; channels.
public comments from
due to the massive volume of the
Facebook and twitter,
 used twitter analytical social media data stream, it is a
tool challenge to quickly analyze the
collected information from
different sources and to make a
decision based on the analysis

4. Towards improving To explore the social-  Using the citizen profile It is important to develop To develop a functional
e-government media based citizens’ creation using his solutions for the government system to provide the
services using profiles in order to activities in social media need to enhance public personalized e-government
social media-based improve and adapt websites: Social Citizens transparency, interactivity and services to citizens.
citizen’s profile public services, decision Profile (SCP) accountability in conscious of
investigation by making, information  Using Social Citizens social media opportunities.
Kacem, Belkaroui, sharing, transparency Interactions (SCI) resides
Jemal, Ghorbel and collaboration in integrating citizens’
2016 enhancing to the interactions in the profile
individual’s current and
relevant needs.

5. E-Government and To show ways through  Using metrics in e
Social Media Sites: which e-government
The Role and can benefit from the
Impact by . services provided by
Khasawneh and social networks to gain
Abu-Shanab 2013 real time engagement
with citizens, to adopt
new way of interaction
with individuals, and to
get more insights on
citizen's perceptions
and opinions on various
issues
An important issue to consider is To have a deeper analysis of
government facebook that social media tools are new audience will aid decision
page social type of dashboards that aid makers in targeting specific
decision makers in their groups of citizens.
understanding of how citizens
interact with issues posted on the
page and how to react to such
measures

6. Asian Government To study the use of  through completing an Research shows that a Governments need to develop
Usage of Web 2.0 social media usage analysis of 50 Asian preponderance of Asian a strategic plan for the most
Social Media by among 50 Asian government utilisation of governments (70 percent) do not effective use in order to reach
Joanne Kuzma countries. three social networking use Web 2.0 social media sites to their audience.
Senior lecturer sites reach their Internet audience
In order to provide a better
University of  consisted of three
level of service and reach a
 Worcester 2010 phases: 1. Choose greater number of users,
governments and social government agencies should
networking sites 2. Count alter their management
occurrences 3. Analyse attitudes towards using Web
the results 2.0 social tools and institute
creative methods and policies
to better use these valuable
tools.

7. CITIZENS’ USE OF Providing empirical  the study used a national The study found that citizens’ use Increased interactions with
SOCIAL MEDIA IN evidence of the random-digit-dialed of social media services is government through its social
GOVERNMENT, mediating role of telephone survey positively and significantly media services
PERCEIVED perceived government  Structural Equation associated with their perceived
TRANSPARENCY, transparency in linking Modeling (SEM) was effects of social media in terms of
AND TRUST IN the use of e- performed to test the government transparency, which,
GOVERNMENT by government to trust in hypotheses in the study in turn, is positively and
CHANGSOO SONG government. because of its analytical significantly associated with their
JOOHO LEE ability to handle both trust in government.
University of latent and measured
Nebraska 2015 variables

8. E-Government in a. determine what  a descriptive The study provides a descriptive Recommends that, with the
the Philippines: An visibility, quality, and benchmarking study that benchmarking assessment of the recent developments in
Assessment by connectivity features utilized conceptual e-government practices of 21 modern computer and
Jayson Troy F. are used in the content analysis websites in the executive branch internet technology, e-
Bajar 2020 identified websites;  manually gathered by the of the Philippine government. A governments should
researcher using coding salient finding in this study incorporate elements of Web
b. identifies the degree
and enumeration revealed how government offices 2.0 where the government
of user-interaction to enjoy relative autonomy in and the people can directly
protocol
the e-government managing their e-government exchange into conversations
websites; and platforms. and discussions that benefit
c. discover what kind of both sides.
e-government services Government offices should
are provided in also utilize the website vis-à-
determined websites vis social networking sites
(SNS).

9. Access The goals of this paper  uses a policy analysis Government usage of social Recommends further research
 Perspectives and are to: 1) Identify and
Design Values in describe the
Government Social information policy
Media Usage by framework surrounding
Jaeger, Bertot and social media use by
Shilton University federal agencies; 2)
of Maryland 2012 Discuss federal agency
implementations of
social media in relation
to this information
policy context, and
particularly the values
expressed in those
implementations; and
3) Offer insights into
policy perspectives to
better guide the
development of social
media by federal
agencies.
10. Social Media and To have in-depth  To explore this argument
the New understanding of how
Organization of the use of social media
Government challenges the
Communications: organization of
An Empirical government
Analysis of Twitter communications.
Usage by the Dutch
 Using empirical analysis
To explore the relation
Police by Albert
Jacob Meijer1 and between social media
and the organization of
René Torenvlied
2014 government
communications
11. The impact of To present different  propose an open
approach to detail key media raises significant policy
policy instruments questions about privacy of citizen
related to U.S. federal information, security of
government use of social government information and
media services, reliance on third-party
vendors, and intellectual
property, among many others.
As a result, all other policy
decisions related to government
use of social media are at least
partly reliant on the policy
approaches and design values
evidences in the adoption and
implement of social media.
The empirical findings show that
empirically, the use of police departments markedly
twitter by Dutch police differ in their levels of
departments is formalization of government
investigated through an communications through twitter.
analysis of 982 accounts
The research has provided insight
and 22 interviews
in the impacts of the use of social
media on the organization of
government communications and
provides an addition to existing
insights in social media strategies
The study gave an extended
into the access issues faced by
different populations, the
policy perspectives on access
that shape social media policy,
and the design values
evidenced by implementations
of government social media
will be important in
documenting, framing, and
improving interactions
between governments and
members of the public in the
Web 2.0 environment
The relative importance of
organizational boundaries
diminishes now that social
media communications are
being used for both internal
and external communications.
The reconfiguration of
government organization into
a post-bureaucratic form is
much more layered than some
authors suggest: social media
seem to bring us a hybrid
model of government
communications.
The use of social technologies
 Social Media in the models of e-
Public Sector by government and open
Maria Karakiza government referred to
in the literature, and
proposes a new model
of open government
government model, that overview of the impact of social
it is actually a synthesis media and ICT in Governance.
of the two models The adoption of social media
applications in government is still
at an early stage.
in the public sector has raised
challenges for further analysis
and consideration, including
the government information
overload, information
volatility, privacy issues, and
information security as well as
other e-service quality aspects

12. The Nexus Analyses the  the researchers employ The practical implication Future researchers should
between Social relationship between document analysis (DA) associated with this study is take the cue of this research
Media Engagement social media as the technique for attuned to the fact that the and adopt a mixed approach,
and Local engagement and local executing the general research offered a conceptual thus using both qualitative
eGovernment e-government aim of the research model to governments across the and quantitative research
Participation for intervention length and breadth of the world paradigms to delve into the
Accelerated on how they can best take use of local e-government and
Growth: A To highlight the advantage of social media usage social media usage as a
mediating (indirect)
Conceptual Study to increase and improve, or yardstick to assist societal
by Vykydalova, effects of social media accelerate, societal development
usage and local e-
Jibril, l Pilik and developments. (conceptual
Kwarteng 2019 government model as conclusion discussed in
participation through this research)
social media
engagement and web-
based communication

13. Participation 2.0: To explores the notion  several examples of There can be little doubt that the The study is in a local level,
Using Internet and of Participation 2.0, innovative projects in advent of Participation 2.0 is more innovation and the use
Social Media which refers to the use local government where changing the ways citizens and of such technologies at higher
Technologies to of Internet and social Participation 2.0 is being governments interact. The levels of involvement can be
Promote media technologies to used to promote research has a table result that further studied.
Distributed engage citizens in the distributed democracy shows social media is highly likely
Democracy and work of government. and create digital to use in informing the citizens
Create Digital neighborhoods based in goal level.
Neighborhoods by  case studies
a Nabatchi and
Mergel

14. Social media in To examine, the  Through Empirical The result indicated very poor One of the limitations of this
 Egyptian Egyptian government analysis social networking communication research is that it examines a
government social media websites  a non-exhaustive applications on Egyptian particular country, and the
websites: for both the presence Sophistication Index (SI) government websites. results in Egypt may not be
Presence, usage, and its use and the  a software tool was fully generalizable to other
and effectiveness effectiveness of Have a very low level of developing countries.
developed to carry out
by Abdelsalam, Facebook; the most interaction, according to the page Therefore, a future research
the Facebook analysis in
Reddick, Gamal common social media effectiveness ratio; only 5.6% of possibility could examine the
an automated manner
the liked government
and n Al-shaar application in this presence, usage, and
2013 country. organization pages were talk effectiveness of social media
about. in other countries.

15. Effect of Social To review the effect of  based on secondary
Media Usage in the relationship
Government between social media
Agencies’ characteristics and
Communication users’ continuance to
Effort by Dominic use the government
and Gisip 2021 social media in
disseminating
information to the
public
The study highlights past studies
sources of information, on characteristics of government
through references and social media and the relationship
review of articles in of continuance to use the
selected journals on government social media. The
government social media review addresses the gaps from
past studies. This study helps the
government agencies to review
the usage and effect of social
media in government.
There is a significance of social
media as a communication
tool and the factors that lead
governments to implement it
in their communication.
Recommends that
government should adopt
social media.

16. THE To gain a deeper  Investigation by focusing The results of the current study Social media is a powerful tool
EFFECTIVENESS OF understanding of the first on public converge regarding the relevance for public organizations and
SOCIAL MEDIA management of social administration scholars of social media, the use of social governments all over the
IMPLEMENTATION media at the local and secondly on local media for feedback on service world in their efforts to open
AT LOCAL government level, the governments’ employees quality, and privacy and security up and increase participation
GOVERNMENT availability of  The research started commitments in e-government. or engagement from the
LEVELS by NICA, opportunities for citizen with a content analysis The literature on the use of communities that they are
POPESCU, dialogue on government of e-participation survey information technology to representing. It can also be
NICOLĂESCU and websites, and the data collected from 806 transform government, the seen as an instrument for
CONSTANTIN 2016 impact that social public administration potential for online government increasing good governance
networking applications scholars (64% response information to contribute to practices, especially regarding
have on e-government. rate) from 54 countries citizen engagement, and the transparency, facilitating
attending 46 conferences rapid growth in local government communication and
in Europe use of social media is relevant to interaction between
this discussion. stakeholders, and, ultimately,
increasing accountability.
 More than 70% of the scholars
that responded felt that adopting
social media would increase
engagement and facilitate
communication.

17. Social Media In To know if the adoption  Analysis of data collected
Government: From of social media in
eGovernment To government follow the
eGovernance by same trial and error
Dadashzadeh approach that business
has used
For local, regional, and national
from blogs/comments, governments, managing the
web feeds, photo sharing increased expectations of citizens
to identify issues in having e government will
remain a strategic necessity.
Businesses can choose the
customers they target, while
governments are there to serve
the common good of all citizens.
Therefore, adoption of social
media in government must be
more carefully planned out.
There should be a transition
plan based on four principles
of tangible outcomes, access
for all citizens through
targeted information and
tailored services, engaging
citizens and their experience
for co-producing public value,
and increasing transparency
and accountability of
government.

18. A critical To know why might  Lippmann's Platforms should be part of a Future study of empirical
examination of social media increase conceptualization of strategic governance program investigation, qualitative,
social media the government's omnicompetence to and not simply offered for the depth interviews might be
adoption in capacity for omnipresence sake of offering. used to better understand
government: engagement but still fall how practitioners define
Introducing short of dialogic Second, once platforms are engagement within social
chosen, there should be
omnipresence by potentials as current media settings
Zavattaro and scholarship finds? appropriate staff dedicated to
developing, implementing, and
Sementelli
updating the social sites.

Third, the sites should be

designed to include feedback that
goes beyond a simple page ‘like’
or status share. Administrators
can pose questions, encourage
use of a hashtag, host online
town hall meetings. Officials
should, though be prepared for
any kind of feedback, some not
 necessarily helpful. Fourth, the
social sites should identity the
administrators in charge and
include, when possible, a way to
contact those administration

19. Maturity To examine the  guided assessment of First, most of the local An increase in the number of
Assessment of maturity level of local government governments with websites were web assessments may draw
Local E- websites in the websites was adopted found to be in the early stage of another conclusion
government municipal and city  sample websites were e-government development
Websites in the governments in the An assessment based on
determined through a
Second, several municipalities citizens perspective may
Philippines by country and identified stratified sampling
Khalid and Lavilles the issues associated have no independent websites further help the local
method
yet governments to improve its e-
with its e-government
development government website
Several municipalities and cities
are still far beyond the realization An e-government process
of e-government goals design framework for local e-
government implementation

20. ROLE OF SOCIAL To understand how  Case studies Twitter and face book can engage Future research on social
MEDIA IN E- social media can be citizens in two-way media in e-government is
GOVERNMENT by beneficial to the communications or just be needed in the areas of
ROY government another way to broadcast a objectives and strategy,
government initiative without categorization of e-
encouraging honest feedback. government applications and
policy making

21. Social Media in To understand social  Evaluation from best Social media applications in A good implementation
Government by media use in paper selected from the government may fail. strategy is necessary to realize
Chun and Reyes government through 12th International the benefits and to avoid risks
data models Conference on Digital in government’s employing
Government Research social media; that it is
important to update laws and
regulations on the social
media use; and that changes
in government culture and
organizational practices may
 be necessary

22. Unpacking the To systematically  used a web-scraping tool The results also show that, in First, government agencies
black box: How to investigates how to collect all posts during times of public health crisis, should comprehensively use
promote citizen Chinese central the period of 14 January citizens care more about the artificial intelligence.
engagement government agencies to March 5, 2020. For textual content of a post, rather Government social media can
through used social media to each post, we captured than whether it contains a picture therefore satisfy the needs of
government social promote citizen information on: text or video. citizens to the greatest extent
media during the engagement during the content, number of likes, through the releasing of
COVID-19 crisis by COVID-19 crisis number of reposts, and customized crisis information
Chen, Min Zhang, number of comments
Government agencies can take
Wang, Evans
full advantage of social media
functions, especially mentions
@ and hashtags. Governments
may post and respond to
citizen questions to increase
interactions with the public, so
as to improve the level of
engagement

23. Toward a typology To better understand  Via empirical content This study extends the Suggest that, contrary to most
of government the categories of analysis, code a total of democratic framework used to scholarly opinion, social media
social media communication and the 2893 Facebook posts of assess government social are less tools for collaboration
communication: extent of their presence local governments across communication to include a large and interaction
Democratic goals, the U.S. sphere of interaction that
to argue that a great
symbolic acts and involves symbolic exchanges, self-
self-presentation portion of government's presentation, political positioning
use of social media is
by Dincellia and and marketing.
Harrison for symbolic and
presentational purposes A particular issue with the use of
social media by governments is
that their ability to operate their
own information dissemination
channel means they are in
control of the information they
use to portray themselves.

24. E-governance at To what extent have  A total of 102 websites Results of the assessment Gradually introducing ICTs as
 the Local local governments in
Government Level the Philippines
in the Philippines: implemented e-
An Assessment of governance using
City Government websites as their
Websites* by Siar medium?
2005
25. Exploring the Role To conduct a literature
of Social Media in search
e-Government: An
To identify the
Analysis of
theories/models/frame to address the research aims
Emerging
works that are utilized
Literature by
Dwivedi, Rana, in studies relating to e-
government and social
Tajvidi and Lal
media
To explore the most
widely explored themes
across social media-
oriented e-government
literature
To suggest
recommendations to
government policy
makers on how to
implement social media
effectively, in terms of
encouraging citizen
uptake of this
technology to interact
with e-government
programs
were found to be indicated the minimal adoption of
accessible at the time of e-governance by the majority of
the study in 2004 the city governments and the
underutilization of their websites
as governance tools
 Reviewed a total of 115 The implications deriving from
research articles to the literature will be helpful for
undertake a review any government in terms of
of the literature in order
effectively implementing their e-
government systems and
propagating them through the
appropriate social media
platforms for their optimal
diffusion and use by the end
users.
legitimate tools in formal
procedures to get
the citizens’ voice, such as
electronic referendums,
opinion polls and surveys,
feedback systems, and
ultimately, in voting/election,
is important to speed up the
adoption process.
Social networks can play a
significant role in establishing
citizens’ trust in the
government. To trust e-
government related activities,
citizens should have formed
trust in the government itself.
For this, it is imperative that
citizens are informed about
the government plans and
policies that are for the
citizens’ benefits.
E-
to provide a better  The study took place at The results of the panel showed As the replication of findings
understanding of the the Digital Government the diversity and multitude of over and over has limited
interdisciplinary nature Conference (D. GO) in theories employed in the field. uses, it is essential that e-
2012. The panel consisted government research builds
of e-government and
of four participants. on past

Gove
the challenges that research. Therefore, it is
research in e- important for researchers to
government encounters have a good
knowledge about the context
and theories that may be of

rnme
use, prior
to empirical work.

nt
Theo
ries
and
Chall
enges
:
Findi
ngs
from
a
Plena
ry
Expe
rt
Panel
E-
Gove
rnme
nt
Theo
ries
and
Chall
enges
:
Findi
ngs
from
a
Plena
ry
Expe
rt
Panel
E-
Gove
rnme
nt
Theo
ries
and
Chall
enges
:
Findi
ngs
from
a
Plena
ry
Expe
rt
Panel
26. E-Government
Theories and
Challenges:
Findings from a
Plenary Expert
Panel by Molnar,
Janssen and
Weerakkody 2015

27. THEORETICAL To know “how can  The methodology is a The theoretical contribution of Like any Government whose
INTERPRETATION Governments multiple case study of 3 this paper is the application of main mandate is to deliver
OF E- determine their projects using the concept of Moments of basic services to the public,
interpretive paradigm as
GOVERNMENT readiness to implement Translation and irreversibility the e-Government initiatives
a philosophical
IMPLEMENTATION e-Government (MoT) of ANT as a lens through are to enable Governments to
assumption; implying
CHALLENGES IN projects?” that reality is socially which one can study the interplay improve service delivery,
SOUTH AFRICA: A constructed. The between role players or integrate and manage
CASE STUDY OF A underlying objective of stakeholder of a socially relationships with the citizens.
SELECTED this approach is to constructed phenomenon such as Therefore, the readiness of
PROVINCIAL understand and interpret e-Government readiness. The any developing country or
the social phenomenon,
GOVERNMENT by approach which encapsulates the Government to successfully
i.e., the e-Government
Twum-Darko, readiness of entire research effort could serve implement e-Government
Noruwana and Governments for as a guide for effective initiatives can be studied using
Sewchurran successful implementation of e-Government the concepts of moments of
implementation of projects to improve service translation (MoT) and
eGovernment projects. delivery to the public. irreversibility of ANT.
Theore to descriptive there are an future
improve scientometri increasing research
tical our c number of could
Suppo understa study [13] papers analyze
nding of of social published in other
rt for e- media JCR journals
Social Govern articles journals different
ment about the from those
 descriptive scientometric

Media and to
study of social media
articles

use of social included in

Resear gain a media in the sample
broad public selection
ch. A view of administrati of this
Scient the ons paper such
current as, for
There are an increasing number

ometri situation of papers published in JCR

journals about the use of social
media in public administrations
example,
c and of those not
Analys possibili listed in
ties for the ISI
is future
28. Theoretical
index or
Support for Social
MediaResearch. A
research. those
included in
To improve our
Scientometric
understanding of e-
Analysis by Muñoz
Government and to gain
and Bolívar 2015
a broad view of the
current situation and of
other
possibilities for future
research.
different
to fields of
analyze knowledge
the , with the
research aim of
into the completing
field of the whole
social picture of
media social
impleme media
ntation regardless
in public its
administ link to
rations, public
examini sector
ng the manageme
theories n
that
Future research could analyze
other journals different from
those included in the sample
support selection of this paper such as,
for example, those not listed

the use in the ISI index or those

included in other different

of social fields of knowledge, with the

aim of completing the whole

media,
picture of social media
regardless its link to public
sector management
the
research
topics
that have
found in
theories
a
fundame
ntal
pillar for
building
knowled
ge in the
social
media
area, the
relation
between
the use
of
theories
and field
of
knowled
ge as
well as
the
associati
on
between
the use
of
theories
and the
quality
of the
 journal
in which
research
on social
media is
publishe
d.
To analyze the research
into the field of social
media implementation
in public
administrations

29. Social media in To present and examine  uses the “Case Study”
government the strategies,
offices: usage and management and
strategies by dissemination of
Yavetz and information on social
Aharony, 2020 media platforms by
Israeli government
organizations and
agencies.
The findings indicate that This type of research can help
approach, through semi- government agencies tend to digital media directors and
structured, in-depth favor Facebook over other social content editors in government
interviews conducted
network platforms, in order to agencies, to improve the
with directors in charge
reach the widest possible quality of their content and
of the use of social media
in government audience. improve the accessibility of
departments the information they share
online.
In addition, the findings of the
study strengthen the growing
body of knowledge focused on
the relationship between
government ministries and
social media.

30. Government 2.5: To address the  Data were collected This study indicated significant Recommendations focus on
The Impact of within a local increases in public accessibility of establishing strategies to
Social Media on government organization goods and services as the result ensure widespread diffusion
Public Sector central research through semistructured of the implementation and use of of social media and to address
question of whether the interviews with 15
Accessibility by social media socioeconomic disparities.
adoption of social employees and 15
Woods, 2016 Government agencies can use
media platforms results clients, observations of
daily operations, and this research as a means to
in increased accessibility advance social change through
analyses of postings
of goods and services made on selected social open communication, an
within the public sector. media platforms engaged workforce, and
increased transparency.