KEY SKILLS

139 140
Angles– Part VI – Parallel Lines
www.drfrostmaths.com 141 142

Prerequisites: Angles in a triangle

sum to 180°, angles on a straight Worked Example 1: Worked Example 2:
line sum to 180°, isosceles triangles. Determine 𝑥 and 𝑦. 𝐴
20°
𝐵 𝐶 𝐴𝐵𝐶 and 𝐷𝐸𝐹 are
straight lines and
𝑥 𝑥 the lines 𝐴𝐶 and
𝑥 122° 𝐺 𝑥° 𝐷𝐹 are parallel.
𝑥 70°
𝑦 Determine the
82°
𝑥 𝑥 angle 𝑥.
𝑥 𝐷 𝐸 𝐹
Alternate angles are
equal. Notice that
Cointerior angles
Alternate (“Z”) Corresponding Vertically 𝑥 = 70° add to 180°.
𝐴𝐵𝐸𝐹 forms a ‘Z’
shape.
angles are (“F”) angles are opposite (“X”) ∠𝐴𝐵𝐸 = 82°
equal. equal. angles are equal. 𝑦 = 180° − 122° ∠𝐺𝐵𝐸 = 82° − 20° = 62°
‘Vertically’ here means = 58° 180 − 62
𝑎 Cointerior/allied ‘opposite with respect 𝑥= = 59°
(“C”) angles add to a vertex’. Corresponding angles 2 Triangle 𝐵𝐺𝐸 is
isosceles.
𝑏 to 180°. are equal. Notice that
the angle is in the same
𝑎 + 𝑏 = 180° orientation but just
shifts across.

Determine the value of the

Core Questions 3 variable(s) in each diagram.

1 Identify whether each pair a b

𝑦
of angles are alternate, 70° 101°
corresponding, cointerior 𝑥
112° 𝑧
or vertically opposite.
a b
c d 110°
70°

80°
c d
𝑤
𝑥
𝑦

e f

82° 𝑦 𝑥
𝑥 𝑤 65°
43°
Determine the value of the
2 variable(s) in each diagram.
a b
70° Problem Solving
𝑥
Determine the 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a rhombus
82°
𝑦 4 value of 𝑥. 5 and 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐸𝐶.
𝑧
40°
Determine ∠𝐴𝐵𝐸.
c d 80° 𝐴 𝐵
𝑥 𝑥
110°
𝑦
62° 55° 𝐸
𝑧
𝐷 𝐶

e f
4. 𝑥 = 95° 5. ∠𝐴𝐵𝐸 = 30°
80°
(e) 16° (f) 𝑥 = 25°, 𝑦 = 72°, 𝑤 = 43°
100° 𝑦
3(a) 110° (b) 𝑦 = 101°, 𝑧 = 68° (c) 𝑦 = 110°, 𝑤 = 30°
𝑥
70° 𝑧 60°
(e) 𝑥 = 70° (f) 𝑦 = 80°, 𝑧 = 120°
2(a) 82° (b) 𝑦 = 70°, 𝑧 = 70° (c) 118° (d) 𝑦 = 80°, 𝑧 = 100°
100° 1(a) Corresponding (b) Alternate (c) Cointerior (d) Opposite
Solutions: