Physics 1214, Formula sheet for Final

Electric field and potential

Electric force on a point charge: F~ = q E

~
q
Electric field of a point charge: E = k 2
r
q1 q2
Force between two point charges: F = k 2
r
q
Electric potential of a point charge: V = k
r
q1 q2
Potential energy of two point charges: U = k
r
Capacitors
Q
Capacitance: C =
V
A
Parallel-plate capacitor: C = ε0
d
V
Electric field in a capacitor: E =
d
Capacitors in parallel: C = C1 + C2
1 1 1
Capacitors in series: = +
C C1 C2
Resistors
V
Ohm’s law: I =
R
l
Resistance and resistivity: R = ρ
A
Resistors in series: R = R1 + R2
1 1 1
Resistors in parallel: = +
R R1 R2
Kirchhoff ’s rules
X X
Junctions: Iin = Iout
X X
Loops: E= IR

Magnetic field and magnetic forces

Magnetic force on a point charge: F = qvB sin ϕ

µ0 I
Magnetic field of a wire: B =
2πr
µ0 I1 I2
Force between parallel wires: F = l
2πr
N
Magnetic field of a solenoid: B = µ0 I
l
Electromagnetic induction

Magnetic flux through a loop: Φ = BA cos ϕ

∆Φ
Faraday’s law: E = −
∆t
Slide-wire generator: E = −Blv
Loop rotating in magnetic field: E = ωAB sin ωt

1
Electromagnetic waves
2π ω ω
k= f= c= = λf
λ 2π k
1
Electric field energy density: uE = ε0 E 2
2
1 2
Magnetic field energy density: uB = B
2µ0
Geometric optics

Reflection: θi = θr
Refraction: na cos θa = nb cos θb
R
Spherical mirror: f =
2
1 1 1

Thin lens: = (n − 1) −
f R1 R2
1 1 1
Positions of the object and the image: + 0 =
s s f
s0
Lateral magnification: m = −
s
1 1 1
Compound lenses: = +
f f1 f2
Interference and diffraction
λ 1 λ
 
Double slit interference: maxima at ym = Rm , minima at ym = R m +
d 2 d
λ
Single slit diffraction: minima at ym = Rm
a
Grating: d sin θ = mλ

Photons, electrons, and atoms

h
De Broglie wavelength: λ =
p
Photoelectric effect: eV0 = hf − ϕ
13.6 eV
Bohr’s atom model: En = −
n2
Useful constants:

ε0 = 8.85 × 10−12 C2 /(N · m2 )

k = 1/4πε0 = 8.99 × 109 N · m2 /C2
µ0 = 4π × 10−7 T · m/A
c = 3 × 108 m/s
h = 6.626 × 10−34 J · s = 4.136 × 10−15 eV · s
e = 1.60 × 10−19 C