College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology

Name: ______________________________________ Course& Year: ______________

Module 8 : Trigonometric and Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Course Title : Differential Calculus
Course Number : Math 111
Course Description : An introductory course covering the core concepts of limit,
continuity and differentiability of functions involving one or more
variables. This also includes the application of differential calculations
in solving on optimization, rate of change, related rates, tangents and
normal, and approximations; partial differentiation and transcendental
curve tracing. .
Total Learning Time : 4 units (4 hours lecture per week)
Pre-requisites : N/A
(if there’s any)

Overview:
This chapter will introduce a review on the basics of trigonometric and inverse
trigonometric functions, its properties and graphs. Same for algebraic functions, trigonometric
functions also have their basic derivative formulas and will be discussed in this chapter. Proofs
for these formulas will be also introduced in this chapter. Also, this chapter will introduce some
applications of the derivatives of trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions.

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this module, the student should be able to:
1. Identify the trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions and its graphs.
2. Determine the basic derivative formulas of trigonometric and inverse trigonometric
functions.
3. Find the derivatives of functions involving trigonometric and inverse trigonometric
functions.
4. Solve practical applications using the derivatives of trigonometric and inverse
trigonometric functions.

Indicative Content:
This module discusses at least the following topics: Trigonometric Functions: A review, Graphs
of Trigonometric Functions, Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions, Application of the
Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions, Inverse Trigonometric Functions and Derivatives of
Inverse Trigonometric Functions.

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Discussion:

Trigonometric Functions: A Review

From the figure shown,

The trigonometric Relations are,

Pythagorian Theorem:

(ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒)2 = (𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒)2 +(𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒)2

“For any right triangle, the square of the longest side is equal to the sum of the
squares of the other two sides.”

Trigonometric Identities: Product of Function

Sum and Difference Formulas:

Double Angle Formulas: Powers of Function:

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Graphs of Trigonometric Functions

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Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions
I. Derivative of Sine Function

II. Derivative of Cosine Function

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III. Derivative of Tangent Function

IV. Derivative of Cotangent Function

V. Derivative of Secant Function

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 VI. Derivative of Cosecant Function

Inverse Trigonometric Functions and its Graphs

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Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Functions
I. Derivative of Inverse Sine Function

II. Derivative of Inverse Cosine Function

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III. Derivative of Inverse Tangent Function

IV. Derivative Of Inverse Cotangent Function

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 V. Derivative of Inverse Secant Function

VI. Derivative of Inverse Cosecant Function

Applications of the Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions

The previous applications of derivatives are also applicable using the derivatives of
trigonometric functions. Such applications are problems on optimization, time rates and
approximations; also, the slope of the curves, tangents and normals to the curves, maximum
and minimum points and inflection points of trigonometric functions can be solved using
its derivatives.

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Exercises/Drills:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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6. What is the maximum possible area of a right triangle having a length of its
hypotenuse 5 inches?

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7. A wall 4 meters high is 3.5 meters away from a building. Find the minimum
length of a ladder that can reach the building with one end resting on the
ground outside the wall.

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8. An airplane is flying at an altitude of 0.5 km above an observer. At a given
instant, an observer notes that the angle of elevation of the airplane is 35° and is
increasing at a rate of 0.33 radian/sec. Find the speed of the airplane.

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9.

10.

11.

12. A picture 6 feet in height is hang on a wall with the lower edge 10 feet
above the level of the observer’s eye. Height of observer is 6 feet. How far from
the wall should the observer stand in order to obtain the most favourable view?

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 The distance where the observer should stand in order to obtain the most
favourable view is 12.65 feet.
13. A balloon leaving the ground 20 meters from an observer has a rate of 1.5 m/sec.
How fast is the angle of elevation of the balloon increasing when it is 45 meters above
the observer’s eyes?

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14.

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College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology
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Evaluation:
1. Find the derivative of the given functions.
a. 𝑦 = sin 5𝑥
b. 𝑦 = cos 4𝑥
c. 𝑥 = sec 3𝑡
cot 2𝑥
d. 𝑣 = sin 2𝑥

2. Find the second derivative of the given functions.

a. 𝑤 = 4 sec(√𝑥)
1
b. 𝑦 = csc (3 𝑥 2 )
c. 𝑣 = sin 𝑡 + tan 2𝑡
d. 𝑡 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 + cos 𝑥

Application of derivative of Trigonometric Functions

3. A wall is 3 meters away from a building. The shortest ladder that can reach the
building with one end resting on the ground outside the wall is 10 meters. How high
is the wall?
4. A boy is flying a kite at a height of 50 meters. The kite is moving horizontally away
from the boy, find the rate of the kite moving when the angle of elevation of the
kite is 50° and changing at a rate of 1.25rad/sec.
5. Find the slope, the tangent and normal lines to the given curves at the points.
a. 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 4𝑥
b. 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (𝑥 + 1)
c. 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 ( 1 − 6𝑡)
d. 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1 𝑥

Solve the following problems.

6. A ladder 3 meters long leans against the wall of a building. The top slides down at
a rate of 0.25 m/sec. How fast is the angle between the ladder and the ground
decreasing when the angle is 30°?
7. A boy is flying a kite at an altitude of 50 meters. If the kite is moving horizontally
away from the boy at a rate of 5 m/sec, find the rate of change of the angle of
elevation of the kite if it is 75 meters from the boy.

Additional Reading:

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DIFFERENTIAL AND INTEGRAL CALCULUS WITH EXAMPLES AND
APPLICATIONS BY GEORGE A. OSBORNE, S.B.

References:

C.E. Love and E.D. Rainville. (1981). Differential and Integral Calculus, Sixth Edition.
New York: The Macmillan Company.
H.J. Terano. (2015). A Simplified Text in Differential Calculus. Camarines Sur Plytechnic
Colleges
E.D. Rainville. (1958). Elementary Differential Equations, Second Edition. Collier
Macmillan Canada, Ltd., Toronto Ontario

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