Scope and Delimitation

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Cordillera Administration Region
Schools Division of Baguio City
BAGUIO CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City
Practical Research 2
______________________________________________
WRITTEN REPORT
_______________________________________________
By
ABM 3- Batch 1
GROUP 3
Emerson P. Ligan …
Jayleen Duculan
Jeline Kate Austria
Scott Abul
Shane Bryan Domingo
.Estrella C. Bulangkeg
Christine Maureen V. Cuello
Dwayne Peter Catbangan
Presented to:
MARY ANN D. ANCHETA

Senior High School Teacher
October 3, 2022
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
I. Learning Competencies:
To gain a better understanding of conducting your own research, identify,
understand, and explain the three assigned topics (states research questions,
indicates scope and delimitation of study, and presents a written statement of the
problem).
II. Content Outline:
States Research Questions
A research question is a question that a study or research project aims to answer.

This question often addresses an issue or a problem, which, through analysis and interpretation
of data, is answered in the study’s conclusion. In most studies, the research question is written so
that it outlines various aspects of the study, including the population and variables to be studied
and the problem the study addresses. A good research question is essential to guide your research
paper, dissertation or thesis. It pinpoints exactly what you want to find out and gives your work a
clear focus and purpose.
In a research paper or essay, you will usually write a single research question to guide your
reading and thinking. The answer that you develop is your thesis statement – the central assertion
or position that your paper will argue for.
In a bigger research project, such as a thesis or dissertation, you might have multiple research
questions, but they should all be clearly connected and focused around a central research
problem.
Importance of research question:
The primary importance of framing the research question is that it narrows down a broad topic of
interest into a specific area of study (Creswell, 2014). Research questions, along with
hypotheses, also serve as a guiding framework for research. These questions also specifically
reveal the boundaries of the study, setting its limits, and ensuring the cohesion.
Moreover, the research question has a domino effect on the rest of the study. These questions
influence factors, such as the research methodology, sample size, data collection, and data
analysis (Lipowski, 2008).
How to write a research question:
 Choose a broad topic

 Do some preliminary reading to find out about topical debates and issues
 Narrow down a specific niche that you want to focus on
 Identify a practical theoretical research problem that you will address
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Some examples of how you might formulate questions for different purposes:
1. Describing and Exploring

- What are the characteristics of X?
- How has X changed over time?
- What are the main factors in X?
- How does X experience Y?
- How has X dealt with Y?
2. Explaining and Testing
- What is the relationship between X and Y?
- What is the role of X in Y?
- What is the impact of X and Y?
- How does X influence Y?
- What are the causes of X?
3. Evaluating and Acting
- What are the advantages and disadvantages of X?
- How effective is X?
- How can X be achieved?
- What are the most effective strategies to improve X?
- How can X be used in Y?
Characteristics of a strong research question:
1. Focused and Researchable

- Focuses on a single topic and problem
- Answerable using primary or secondary data
- Does not ask for a subjective value judgment
2. Feasible and Specific
- Answerable within practical constraints
- Uses specific, well-defined concepts
- Does not ask for a conclusive solution, policy, or course of action
3. Complex and Arguable
- Cannot be answered with yes or no
- Cannot be answered with easily found facts and figures
- Provides scope for debate and deliberation
4. Relevant and Original
- Addresses a problem relevant to your field or discipline
- Contributes to a topical social or academic debate
- Has not already been answered
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Examples to work out if your question is strong enough:
What effect does social media have on people’s minds?
What effect does daily use of Twitter have on the attention span of under-16s?
The first question is not specific enough: what type of social media?
Which people?
What kind of effects?
The second question defines its concepts more clearly.
It is researchable through qualitative and quantitative data collection.
Why is there a housing crisis in the Netherlands?
What impact have university internationalization policies had on the availability and
affordability of housing in the Netherlands?
Starting with “why” often means that your question is not focused enough: there are too many
possible answers and no clear starting point for research. By targeting just one aspect of the
problem and using more specific terms, the second question offers a clear path to finding an
answer.
Does the US or the UK have a better healthcare system?
How do the US and the UK compare in health outcomes and patient satisfaction among low-
income people with chronic illnesses?
The first question is too broad and overly subjective: there’s no clear criteria for what counts as
“better”. The second question is much more researchable. It uses clearly defined terms and
narrows its focus to a specific population.
What should political parties do about low voter turnout in region X?
What are the most effective communication strategies for increasing voter turnout among under-
30s in region X?
It is generally not feasible for academic research to answer broad questions about “what
should be done”. The second question is more specific, and aims to gain an understanding
of possible solutions in order to make informed recommendations.
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Indicates Scope and Delimitation of the Study

“Research is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought.”
– Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
What is scope and delimitation?
Scope and delimitations are two of the most important factors to consider when writing a
research paper. A thesis, dissertation, or research paper's scope and delimitations define the topic
and boundaries of the research problem to be investigated. They help to identify what is included
in the study and what is not. Without them, it would be difficult to know what information is
relevant and what is not.
SCOPE
By definition, the scope describes how thoroughly a study will investigate the research question,
as well as the parameters under which it will operate in relation to the population and timeframe.
There are two types of scope: inclusive and exclusive.
 Inclusive Scope - means that everything that falls within the defined boundaries will be
included in the research.
 Exclusive Scope - means that only those things that are specifically mentioned will be
included in the research.
Guidelines on how to write a Scope
There are questions that should be answered and presented in order to create an effective scope
statement:
 Why – the general aims and objectives (purpose) of the research.
 What – the subject to be investigated, and the included variables.
 Where – the location or setting of the study, i.e. where the data will be gathered and to
which entity the data will belong.
 When – the timeframe within which the data is to be collected.
 Who – the subject matter of the study and the population from which they will be
selected. This population needs to be large enough to be able to make generalizations.
 How – how the research is to be conducted, including a description of the research design
(e.g. whether it is experimental research, qualitative research or a case study),
methodology, research tools and analysis techniques.
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The researcher/s should also state why specific variables were omitted (leave out or exclude
(someone or something) from the research scope, and whether this was because it was a
delimitation or a limitation. Researcher/s should also explain why they could not be overcome
with standard research methods backed up by scientific evidence.
As a researcher, you must take precautions when defining your scope or area of focus.
Remember that if you broaden the scope too much, you may not be able to do justice or it may
take a long time to complete. Before you write down the scope of your work, consider its
feasibility. If the scope is too narrow, the findings might not be generalizable.
Ways to write your study scope
There are some prompts that can be used as an effective way to write your scope:
 This study is to focus on…
 This study covers the…
 This study aims to…
The scope of the study is given in broad terms and identifies any of the following elements
A study carried out in winter

A study carried out over five years
Area or region
A study carried out in a lab
Adults between 41 and 60 years old

Population A given species of insects
A pilot study as a prelude to a more detailed study

Objectives A rapid survey to plan a more detailed survey
DELIMITATIONS
A study's delimitations are the factors and variables that are not included in the investigation. In
other words, they are the limits that the researcher establishes in terms of study duration,
population size, and participant type, among other things.
There are four types of delimitations:
 Time Delimitations - it is the period that the study will cover.

 Location Delimitations- this is where the study will take place.
 Population Delimitations - it refers to who or what the study will include.
 Variable Delimitations - it refers to what factors will be included or excluded from the
study.
What is the difference between delimitations and limitations?

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Delimitations refer to the boundaries of the research study that are determined by the researcher's
decision on what to include and exclude. They narrow the study to make it more manageable and relevant
to what the researcher is trying to prove, whereas limitations relate to the study's validity and reliability.
They are aspects of the research design or methodology (the practical "how" of any given piece of
research, referring to how a researcher thoroughly designs a study to ensure valid and reliable results that
address the research aims and objectives) that are beyond the researcher’s control but influence their
research findings. As a result, they determine the internal and external validity of the study and are
regarded as potential flaws.
Guidelines on how to write the Delimitation
Since the delimitation parameters are set by the researcher, readers must understand why they
were chosen, what alternatives were available, and why these alternatives were rejected. Your
rationales should always be linked back to your research question, as all delimitations should be
the result of attempting to make your study more relevant to your scope. As a result, when
writing a paper, the scope and delimitations are usually considered together.
Ways to write your study delimitation
These are some of the prompts that can be used to start writing your delimitation in effective
way:
 This study does not cover…
 This study is limited to…
 The following has been excluded from this study…
Examples of delimitations include:
 research objectives,
 research questions,
 research variables,
 target populations,
Questionnaire survey Incomplete or illegible forms were discarded.

Participants who had been residents in the chosen area for less
Interview
than one year were excluded.
Samples with impurities amounting to more than 0.1% by
Experiment
weight were not analyzed.
Where should the researcher place the scope and delimitation in the research paper?
This portion should be placed in Chapter 1 of the research after the ‘Background of the Study’.
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What is the importance of scope and delimitation?
 Clarifying the scope and delimitations of a study is helpful for interpreting the results because
the results are influenced by the scope and materials (delimitations). For instance, agricultural
field experiments conducted under irrigated conditions can give very different results from the
experiments conducted without irrigation.
 Scope and delimitations also help to make the study more replicable by specifying what was
excluded.
 In the field of medicine, the gender bias is becoming increasingly evident, which is why it is
becoming important to state – even when a sample of subjects was selected at random – the
proportion of men and women in the sample.
What are the consequences of not having a clear scope and delimitation?
A research paper will be difficult to write if you do not have a scope statement or delimitations.
Without them, you won't be able to tell what information is important and what isn't. This can
result in a lot of wasted time and effort, as well as an incoherent paper.
Worse, not having a clear scope or delimitations can render your research being invalid. Your
research will be flawed if you include irrelevant information or exclude relevant information.
This could place your entire project in jeopardy.
Therefore, it is critical to ensure that you have a clear scope and delimitations from the start.
Otherwise, you risk wasting a lot of time and effort, and your research could be invalidated.
Common mistakes made when defining scope and delimitations:
 The first is forgetting to include them at all. Without scope and delimitations, it would be
difficult to know what information is relevant and what is not.
 Including too much or too little in the scope. It is important to be specific and only
include what is necessary. Otherwise, the research may become overwhelming or too
narrow.
 Not being consistent throughout the research paper. All of the information included in the
study should fit within the scope and delimitations. If there are any discrepancies, it may
call into question the validity of the research.
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Present Written Statement of the Problem
-Concise description of the business

>Need to be addressed by the Researcher.
-“General Statement” of the whole problem

>Followed by “Specific Questions” or “Sub Problems”
*General problem is broken up*
Problem Statement is the “RESEARCHER’S GUIDE” during the research process

“Verbalization and Articulation”
>Analysis of the question
>"Researcher wants the research to answer"
"GUIDELINE" in formulating the general problem & the specific sub problems or
specific questions
1. Should be formulated first before conducting the research
2. Interrogative form
3. Must be clear & unequivocal, has only 1 meaning, must not have dual meaning
4. Researchable apart from the other questions
5. Based upon known facts and "PHENOMENA" -Must be accessible
6. Can be interpreted apart from the answers to their specific questions
7. Must contribute to the development of the whole research problem or topic
8. Will give a complete development of the whole research problem
9. Should be enough to cover the development of the whole research problem
10. Should be a general statement of the problem
ELEMENTS when the search of elements there are 5

1. The problem
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2. The Solution
3. The Purpose
4. The Procedure
5. The Results
The Problem
- identifies the phenomenon, situation or behavior you're looking to explain or
understand.
The Solution
- identifies what you behave to be a possible answer to your question.
The Purpose
- describes the point of doing research in the first place.
> it's about providing context for your problem statement by telling readers why it's
important to study this topic, and which aspects of it you believe merit further
investigation.
The procedure
- describes how the study will take shape and, like a problem statement's purpose, gives
readers a sense of what you think needs to be done to find an answer. The results
- reveals what you expect to see as a result of your proposed solution.
KEY ELEMENTS
1. Ideal Situation
>Describe is what the ideal situation would be if there wasn't a problem you needed to
address. Identifies the goals and scope of the project.
2. Reality
>Describe what the current reality is for your company or organization. Identify what the
problem is, state why it is a problem and identify who the problem is impacting.
3. Consequences
> Identify what the consequences of the problem are. Describing how the people affected
by the problem are being impacted and quantifying how much the problem is impacting
them.
4. Proposal
> Identify a specific solution. Should be to guide the project team on how the can
research, investigate and resolve the problem.
The word count of the problem statement for a thesis or dissertation should be in range of
150-300 words.
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III. References:
State Research Question

https://www.google.com/url?esrc=s&q=&rct=j&sa=U&url=https://www.scribbr.com/
research-process/research-questions/&ved=2ahUKEwjb6P-
Rk7r6AhUyplYBHTmPBw4QFnoECAgQAg&usg=AOvVaw06fD-7iqR_y-9yMyVl9eoK
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https://www.google.com/url?esrc=s&q=&rct=j&sa=U&url=https://www.scribbr.com/
research-process/research-question-examples/
&ved=2ahUKEwiA86rGk7r6AhWal1YBHZ7nAA4QFnoECAkQAg&usg=AOvVaw23NcA02vfb4oK
DwGhdLx7e
Indicates Scope and Delimitation of the Study

https://careergigo.com/scope-and-delimitations-of-the-study/#:~:text=Scope%20and
%20delimitations%20are%20important,the%20research%20will%20be%20conducted
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https://www.cwauthors.com/article/importance-of-writing-scope-and-delimitations-of-a-
study
Present Written Statement of the Problem

https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/what-is-a-problem-statement?
fbclid=IwAR0x-5JXnU_3NvtLDxpXbsUEfJwLa7OvGRnNjkmsuisH7uhyJVOvFRDOPyY
******************************************************************************
https://medium.com/@work.gracesophie/what-are-the-5-elements-of-a-problem-
statement-41576afd6312
Video Lessons
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lNTOXIzI8xw&t=33s
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P7BEr89lYYU
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Waq6x3jKLjs
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IV. Pre-Assessment (Mini-game)

A.
1. This describe the point of doing research in the first place.

A. The Results C. The Problem B. The Solution D. The Purpose
2. It reveals what you expect to see as a result of your proposed solution.

A. The Purpose. C. The Procedure B. The Results D. The Problem
3. This identifies the phenomenon, situation or behavior you're looking to.

A. The Problem C. The Results B. The Procedure D. The Solution
4. This element gives readers a sense of what you think needs to be done and to find an answer. A.
The Solution C. The Procedure B. The Problem D. The Purpose
5. This identifies what you believe to be a possible answer to your question. A. The Problem C. The
Results B. The Purpose D. The Solution
B.
1. Identifies the goals and scope of the project.

A. Proposal C. Reality B. Consequences D. Ideal Situation
2. Identify a specific solution.

A. Proposal C. Ideal Situation B. Reality D. Consequences
3. Identify what the problem is, state why it is a problem

A. Consequences C. Reality B. Ideal Situation D. Proposal
4. Describing how the people affected by the problem are being impacted.
A. Ideal Situation C. Proposal B. Consequences D. Reality
5. The problem statement for a thesis or dissertation should be range of.

A. 150-500 words C. 150-300 words B.150 words D. 150-250 words
C. TRUE or FALSE
1. The statement of the problem should be clear and focused. TRUE
2. The significance of the study is the section where boundaries of the research should be stated.
TRUE
3. Research questions should allow the researcher to produce descriptions out from analysis data.
TRUE
4. "What is the satisfaction level of learners?" Is a good research question. FALSE
5. Research questions that could be answerable by Yes or No is highly encourage. TRUE

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6. A statement of the problem is used in research work as a claim that outlines the problem addressed
by a study. TRUE
7. A good research problem should address an existing GAP in knowledge in the field and lead to
further research. TRUE
8. Problem statement should be significant enough to contribute to the existing body of research.
FALSE
9. Problem statement is written only in a statement form. FALSE
V.Assessment
I. IDENTIFICATION
1. A study or research project's goal is to provide an answer to this question. C
A. Scope and Delimitation
B. Statement of the Problem
C. Research Question
D. Research Problem
2. The steps for writing a research question are shown below EXCEPT for one. B
A. Choose a broad topic
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B. Identify an experimental research problem that you will address

C. Narrow down specific niche that you want to focus on
D. Do a preliminary reading to find out about topical issues and debates
3. It is the most important factors to consider when writing a research paper. A
A. Scope and Delimitation
B. Research Problem
C. Statement of the Problem
D. Research Question
4. It is the factors and variables that are not included in the investigation. C
A. Scope
B. Variables
C. Delimitation
D. Limitations
5. What are the two types of scope? B
A. Exclusive and Population
B. Inclusive and Exclusive
C. Inclusive and Time
D. Exclusive and Variable
6. This describes how thoroughly a study will investigate the research question. C
A. Research Problem
B. Variables
C. Scope
D. Limitations
7. This question frequently refers to a concern or issue that is addressed in the study's
conclusion through form of data analysis and interpretation. D
A. Research Problem
B. Scope and Delimitation
C. Formulation of Question
D. Research Question
8. Where should the researcher place the scope and delimitation in the research paper? A
A. It should be placed in Chapter 1 of the research after the Background of the
Study
B. It should be placed in Chapter 1 of the research before the Background of the
Study
C. It should be placed in Chapter 1 of the research after the Significance of the
Study
D. It should be placed in Chapter 1 of the research before the Significance of the
Study
9. It is known as the researcher’s guide during the research process. B
A. Statement of the Question
B. Problem Statement
C. Research Problem
D. Research Guidelines
10. These are the KEY elements of the Statement of the Problem. D
A. Solution, Purpose, Procedure, Results
B. Ideal Situation, Reality, Purpose, Proposal
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C. Reality, Solution, Consequences, Problem

D. Proposal, Ideal Situation, Consequences, Reality
II. TRUE OR FALSE
________ 11. Research question pinpoints exactly what you want to find out and gives your
work a clear focus and purpose. T
________ 12. The significance of framing the research question is that it narrows down a broad
topic of interest into a specific area of study. T
_________13. Research Problem is the researchers guide during the research process. F-State of
the problem
_________14. The scope and delimitation of the study should be placed in Chapter 1 before the
background of the study. F-After
_________15. The scope and delimitation help identify what is included in the study and what is
not. T
16 – 17.) Give two types of Delimitation (2 points) Time, Location, Population, Variable
18 – 20. ) Give three elements of the Problem Statement (3 points) The Problem, The Solution,
The Purpose, The Procedure, The Results
Bonus question for students who have low score:
What is the difference between delimitation and limitation?
VI.Documentation
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Scope and Delimitation

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Republic of the Philippines

Jeline Kate Austria

Shane Bryan Domingo

Christine Maureen V. Cuello

Dwayne Peter Catbangan

MARY ANN D. ANCHETA

II. Content Outline:

States Research Questions

A research question is a question that a study or research project aims to answer.

Importance of research question:

How to write a research question:

 Choose a broad topic

1. Describing and Exploring

Characteristics of a strong research question:

1. Focused and Researchable

Examples to work out if your question is strong enough:

What effect does social media have on people’s minds?

What kind of effects?

The second question defines its concepts more clearly.

It is researchable through qualitative and quantitative data collection.

Why is there a housing crisis in the Netherlands?

Does the US or the UK have a better healthcare system?

What should political parties do about low voter turnout in region X?

Indicates Scope and Delimitation of the Study

What is scope and delimitation?

There are two types of scope: inclusive and exclusive.

Guidelines on how to write a Scope

 Why – the general aims and objectives (purpose) of the research.

 What – the subject to be investigated, and the included variables.

 When – the timeframe within which the data is to be collected.

Ways to write your study scope

 This study is to focus on…

 This study covers the…

 This study aims to…

A study carried out in winter

Adults between 41 and 60 years old

A pilot study as a prelude to a more detailed study

There are four types of delimitations:

 Time Delimitations - it is the period that the study will cover.

What is the difference between delimitations and limitations?

Guidelines on how to write the Delimitation

Ways to write your study delimitation

 This study does not cover…

 This study is limited to…

 The following has been excluded from this study…

Examples of delimitations include:

Questionnaire survey Incomplete or illegible forms were discarded.

What is the importance of scope and delimitation?

Common mistakes made when defining scope and delimitations:

Present Written Statement of the Problem

-Concise description of the business

-“General Statement” of the whole problem

Problem Statement is the “RESEARCHER’S GUIDE” during the research process

1. Should be formulated first before conducting the research

4. Researchable apart from the other questions

5. Based upon known facts and "PHENOMENA" -Must be accessible

6. Can be interpreted apart from the answers to their specific questions

7. Must contribute to the development of the whole research problem or topic

8. Will give a complete development of the whole research problem

9. Should be enough to cover the development of the whole research problem

10. Should be a general statement of the problem

ELEMENTS when the search of elements there are 5