OJT01 HSE MNGT

9/29/22
Session 10 – HSE Concepts

PRESENTED BY : PROF. ROQUE SENGA
“Moving our world forward in which all projects succeed” IPMA Philippines www.RSenga.com
HSE Technical Concepts
Responsibilities for Safety

Formal Hazard Reduction Methods
Safety Training Topics for Supervisors & Workers
Case Study (HSE Program)
Four E’s of Safety
Safety In the Design Process
Occupational Health and Safety Regulations
Technical Organization’s Involvement in HSE
Three strategies of prevention
Ergonomics
Conclusion (Importance of Safety)
HSE Personnel Certifications
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“We equip the next generation of Filipino Architects & Engineers” Prof. Roque Senga www.RSenga.com
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1. Contractor Senior Management
2. Design Engineer
3. Contractor's Safety Personnel
4. Site Engineer
5. Foreman/Supervisor
6. Workers
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1. Contractor Senior Management

1. Initiate the company's policy for the control of injury, damage and fire.
2. Administer the policy himself or appoint a senior member of staff to do
so.
3. Know the requirements of of Government Workmen's Regulations, and
ensure they are observed by his company.
4. Ensure that all supervisors are qualified and that they receive adequate
and appropriate training.
5. Institute proper system for investigation, reporting and estimating the cost
of injury, property damage and fire loss. Initiate analysis to discover
accident trends and promote action to prevent recurrence.
6. Reprimand any supervisor for failing to discharge satisfactorily the
responsibility allocated to him.
7. Set a personal example.
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2. Design Engineer
Design for safety, taking into consideration those
risks that might arise during construction or in the
operation of plant or equipment.
Follow established process hazard analysis
techniques to evaluate and correct hazards
during the design process.
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1. Advise management on the following:
Ways to prevent injury to personnel, damage to plant and/or
equipment and fires.
Ways to improve existing work methods.
Legal and contractual requirements affecting safety, health
and welfare.
Provision and use of protective clothing and equipment.
Potential hazards on site before work starts and on the
safety organization and fire precautions required.
Changes in safety requirements.
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2. Carry out site surveys to see that only safe work methods
are in operation, that health and safety requirements are
being observed, and welfare and first aid facilities are
adequate and properly maintained.
3. Determine the cause of any accident (or dangerous
occurrence), and recommend means of preventing
recurrence of such an incident.
4. Supervise the recording and analysis of information on
injuries, damage and production loss. Assess accident
trends and review overall safety performance.
5. Assist with training employees at all levels.
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6. Take part in discussions on injury, damage and loss
control.
7. Keep up-to-date with recommended codes of practice and
safety literature. Circulate information applicable to each
level of employees.
8. Foster within the company an understanding that injury
prevention and damage control
9. are an integral part of business and operational efficiency.
10. Attend job progress meetings where safety is an item on
the agenda. Report on job
11. safety performance.
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4. Site Engineer
1. Organize sites so that work is carried out to the required
standard with minimum risk to men, equipment and
materials.
2. Know the contractual safety requirements
3. Be familiar with work permit procedures.
4. Give precise instructions on responsibilities for correct
work methods.
5. Plan and provide for good housekeeping.
6. Coordinate with sub-contractors and other contractors on
site to avoid any confusion about areas of responsibility.
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4. Site Engineer
7. Position equipment effectively and ensure that electricity supply is installed,
used and maintained correctly.
8. Check that equipment and tools (both power and hand tools) are maintained
in good operating condition.
9. Make sure that all men know how to obtain and administer first aid properly
and efficiently to all injured persons. They should also know how to summon
assistance in case of emergency and nominate others to act in your absence.
10. Make sure that suitable personal protective equipment is available and that it
is used.
11. Release supervisors and men when necessary for safety and fire training.
12. Cooperate with the safety engineer and the fire department, by acting on their
recommendations.
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1. Be familiar with contractual safety requirements
applicable to the work on which subordinate workers
are engaged.
2. Incorporate safety procedures in routine tasks and
see that they are obeyed.
3. Conduct daily and weekly safety meetings with
subordinates.
4. Conduct daily work site inspections to identify and
correct any existing unsafe conditions. Document and
coordinate the safety inspection activities and
findings with the job site safety personnel.
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5. Correct unsafe acts, such as horseplay or the taking
of unnecessary risks.
6. Ensure that new employees are properly instructed in
precautions to be taken before they are allowed to
start work.
7. Commend men who, by action or initiative, eliminate
hazards.
8. Report accidents, unsafe conditions and defects in
equipment to immediate superiors.
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6. Workers
1. Use the correct tools and equipment for the job. Use
protective clothing and equipment provided.
2. Do nothing to endanger self or work mates.
3. Keep tools in good condition.
4. Refrain from horseplay and abuse of safety devices,
equipment and welfare facilities.
5. Report any accidents, near misses or hazardous
conditions to immediate supervisor.
6. Read the Company safety rules and take note of
special safety precautions in restricted areas.
7. Obey all posted warning signs.
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Formal Hazard Reduction Methods (@ Design)
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Formal Hazard Reduction Methods (@ Design

Stage)
1. Design Hazard Analysis
2. Failure Analysis
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A hazard analysis should be conducted for every
design, and the designer should keep a
permanent record of the analysis.
The analysis should consider both the hazards of
normal operation and the hazards that might arise
from typical failure or misuse.
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In hazard analysis the designer asks and answers four
questions:
1. Identify: Have we identified all hazards (obvious or
hidden)?
2. Eliminate: Have we eliminated the hazards
(wherever possible)?
3. Shield: Have we shielded users from hazards when
they cannot be eliminated?
4. Warn, Remedy, Recall: Have we provided remedial
action when shielding is not possible (by warning
users, by recalling products for repair, by providing
escape routes, and so forth)?
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Design Hazard Analysis Studies:

HAZID (Hazard Identification)
HAZAN (Hazard Analysis)
HAZOP (Hazard Operability)
HSEIA (Health Safety Environmental Impact
Assessment)
Etc…
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2. Design Failure Analysis

A failure analysis examines the consequences if a single
component of a large system should randomly fail.
Failure analysis is intended to find which component failures
could lead to a disastrous failure of the whole system.
Formal failure analysis techniques are complex, so they are
typically applied only to very large systems, such as
electrical power plants, aircraft, or computer control
systems.
The two best-known methods:
1. Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and
2. Fault Tree Analysis (FTA).
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Designer's Checklist:
following steps can eliminate most hazards:
1. Find and apply standards and regulations.
2. Conduct formal design reviews.
3. Carry out a formal hazard analysis.
4. Carry out a formal failure analysis (when design
complexity justifies this).
5. Warn consumers and/or clients of hazards.
6. Prepare and distribute instruction manuals.
7. Use state-of-the-art design methods.
8. Maintain complete design records.
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Design Safety Saying….
"A dollar spent on design safety can

save ten dollars on defense lawyers."
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Safety Training Topics for Supervisors & Workers
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1. Safety Training Topics For Supervisors
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2. Safety Training Topics For Workers

1. Hazard Identification Procedure
Hazards on site:
Machinery
Transport
Flammables on site (hydrocarbon)
Fire
Falls
Electricity
Site housekeeping
Handling materials
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2. Precautions Against the Above Hazards
Simple precautions that can be taken by workmen on site.
3. Personal Protective Equipment
What is available
How to obtain it
Correct use and care
4. Health
Site welfare facilities
Potential health hazards
First Aid/CPR
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4. Duties of the Company

Brief outline of the responsibilities of the Company by law
Details of Company's accident prevention policy
Contractual Safety and Loss Prevention Requirements
5. Government Labor Law
6. Employee's Duties
Brief outline of responsibilities of employee under law
Explanation of how new employees fit into the Company's
plan for accident prevention.
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Four E’s of Safety
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Three E’s of Safety

1. Engineering
2. Education
3. Enforcement
4. Enthusiam
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1. Engineering
Engineering refers to changes in processes and
procedures, such as the following:
Using fewer hazardous materials
Installing systems with warning and fail-safe
devices.
Requiring the use of personal protective
equipment.
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2. Education
Education is a vital part of safety programs. After all,
such items as personal protective equipment won’t
protect anyone if not used properly.
Education should include the following:
Training workers to use tools and equipment safely.
Educating workers about the hazards of their jobs.
Training workers about basic safety policies and
procedures.
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3. Enforcement
Enforcement means imposed compliance with
rules, laws, and regulations – whether company
rules or local, state, or Federal laws or
regulations.
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4. Enthusiasm
Enthusiasm refers to encouragement and
motivation of people to support safety programs.
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Safety In the Design Process
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Including Safety In the Design Process

The designer is expected to optimize the design,
reduce manufacturing costs, and eliminate
unnecessary parts (also called "value
engineering").
In addition, the following four steps for reducing
hazards should be routine:
1. Eliminate Known Hazards
2. Follow Established Design Standards
3. Follow Laws and Regulations
4. Follow Good Engineering Practice
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The Code of Ethics requires professionals to protect the
public, so the first step is to eliminate obvious hazards.
For example, in building design, a high walkway is obviously
dangerous; the designer must include railings for safety.
Designers also have an obligation to remove concealed
hazards (that is, hazards that are not obvious to the user).
When a hazard cannot be eliminated, the designer must
shield the user from it, if possible, and warn the user about
it. For example, a lawn mower may have a hazardous
rotating blade that cannot be seen by the user.
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The blade is needed to cut the grass, so it cannot be eliminated.
Therefore, users must be shielded from the blade, and they must
be clearly warned that contact with the blade may be lethal.
Another example of a concealed hazard is a random flaw in a key
component. For example, aircraft have some parts that, if they fail,
will cause the aircraft to crash.
The designer must specify that such critical parts must be tested to
detect flaws and inspected regularly to ensure that old, worn, or
damaged parts are replaced.
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The designer must know and follow (or exceed)

the accepted standards-whether they are required
by law, are industry standards, or are simply
company design guides-unless there is a
convincing analysis to justify deviating from the
standard.
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Everyone must follow the country, local and
applicable safety laws and regulations.
For example, the OHS (Occupational Health &
Safety) laws to protect workers, and
environmental laws to protect the environment.
The designer must know (and follow) these laws
and regulations.
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In the absence of design standards or
government regulations, the designer must simply
use good engineering practice.
It is reasonable to expect a designer to examine
older designs (particularly if they have failed) to
see what lessons can be learned, to conduct a
methodical hazard analysis of a new design to
find unexpected or potential dangers, and (for a
complex system) to conduct a failure analysis.
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Including Safety In the Design Process

Four steps for reducing hazards:
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Three strategies of prevention:
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1. Frequency strategies
2. Severity strategies
3. Cost strategies
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seek to decrease the number of safety related
incidents through reviewing incidents, conducting
careful analysis, and developing appropriate
preventive plans in response.
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It focus primarily on incidents that are more
serious in nature such as those involving death,
major injury, long term disability, impact to many
individuals, or significant property loss; reports on
these incidents are constructed from the
perspective of different work environments such
as construction, infrequently occurring situations,
and high-risk conditions.
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3. Cost strategies
It places emphasis on avoiding the incurring of
high expenditures related to incidents; does not
make injuries or sicknesses the foundation for
investigations or measurements of impact instead
focusing on the financial impact.
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3. Cost strategies
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Ergonomics
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Ergonomics
Ergonomics is a growing scientific field that focuses on
maximizing productivity, efficiency, and worker safety
and comfort through workspace design.
Ergonomics is sometimes referred to as human
engineering or human factors engineering.
The goal of ergonomics is to choose environmental
elements that make employees safe and comfortable
which in turn improves their productivity.
This means that a workspace should be made to fit the
worker, not the other way around.
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General principles used in ergonomics:
1. People vs. Machine

2. Designing jobs to fit people
3. Work smart, not hard
4. People are not alike
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Humans and machines have varying capabilities
and strengths that should be utilized in design
decisions.
For example, humans can better distinguish
different audio signals in a noisy environment.
However, machines are more adept at completing
repetitive functions with exactness.
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Jobs should be designed with a specific individual
in mind.
Careful attention should be given to a person’s
qualifications.
If a person is expected to adjust to a job or task
for which they do not have the required skills, the
likelihood of mistakes and accidents increases.
Job expectations should be adjusted to fit the
individual.
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Increasing productivity and efficiency should not
be accomplished by asking workers to do more,
but rather by determining a better way to
accomplish the goal.
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During the design process for equipment,
operations, buildings, or entire systems,
designers and engineers do not know the
individual characteristics of workers who will
ultimately use these resources.
Designers should consider the unknown of
elements such as skill level, physical size, and
attitudes.
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General principles used in ergonomics:

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Conclusion (Importance of Safety)
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Importance of Safety
1. Safety is important for a humanitarian reason. We have a
moral responsibility to keep employees, co-workers,
customers, and society in general safe.
2. Safety is important for a legal reason. We are obliged by
laws and regulations to meet certain safety standards. These
laws and regulations are necessary because different people
have different definitions and standards for safety. The laws
and regulations provide common standards for everyone to
follow.
3. Safety is important for a cost reason, including both the cost
of human life and property. Cost calculations need to include
money spent paying for both of the following:
a. The negative consequences of poor safety (such as injuries and
damaged equipment).
b. Preventive measures to minimize safety problems.
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Safety Management?
_____________ and
_______________
____________ to
protect the health and
safety of all people on a
project site: workers,
Proactive Project Management visitors, and the general
System - controlling an HSE
situation rather than just
public (CMAA)
responding to it after it has
happened.
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1. NEBOSH, UK
2. IOSH, UK
3. BCSP, UK
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Let us Share the Good News for Pinoy A/E!
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9/29/22

Session 10 – HSE Concepts

HSE Technical Concepts

Responsibilities for Safety

Responsibilities for Safety

Responsibilities for Safety

1. Contractor Senior Management

3. Contractor's Safety Personnel

3. Contractor's Safety Personnel

3. Contractor's Safety Personnel

Formal Hazard Reduction Methods (@ Design)

Formal Hazard Reduction Methods (@ Design

1. Design Hazard Analysis

1. Design Hazard Analysis

Design Hazard Analysis Studies:

2. Design Failure Analysis

Design Safety Saying….

"A dollar spent on design safety can

Safety Training Topics for Supervisors & Workers

1. Safety Training Topics For Supervisors

1. Safety Training Topics For Supervisors

1. Safety Training Topics For Supervisors

1. Safety Training Topics For Supervisors

1. Safety Training Topics For Supervisors

2. Safety Training Topics For Workers

2. Safety Training Topics For Workers

2. Safety Training Topics For Workers

4. Duties of the Company

Four E’s of Safety

Three E’s of Safety

Safety In the Design Process

Including Safety In the Design Process

1. Eliminate Known Hazards

1. Eliminate Known Hazards

2. Follow Established Design Standards

The designer must know and follow (or exceed)

3. Follow Laws and Regulations

4. Follow Good Engineering Practice

Including Safety In the Design Process

Three strategies of prevention:

Three strategies of prevention:

Three strategies of prevention:

General principles used in ergonomics:

1. People vs. Machine

1. People vs. Machine

2. Designing jobs to fit people

3. Work smart, not hard

4. People are not alike

General principles used in ergonomics:

1. People vs. Machine

Conclusion (Importance of Safety)

HSE Personnel Certifications

HSE Personnel Certifications

Let us Share the Good News for Pinoy A/E!

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