A. Where did the name “United Nations” come from?

The name “United Nations” was suggested by United States President Franklin D.
Roosevelt. It was first officially used in 1942, when representatives of 26 countries
signed the Declaration by United Nations. As a tribute to President Roosevelt, who
died a few weeks before the signing of the Charter, all those present at the San
Francisco Conference agreed to adopt the name “United Nations”.

B. Place where the first meeting of the United Nations was held

The first General Assembly of the United Nations, comprising 51 nations,

convenes at Westminster Central Hall in London, England. One week
later, the U.N. Security Council met for the first time and established its
rules of procedure. Then, on January 24, the General Assembly adopted
its first resolution, a measure calling for the peaceful uses of atomic
energy and the elimination of atomic and other weapons of mass
destruction.

C. Four main purpose of United Nations

The United Nations has four purposes: to maintain international peace and
security; to develop friendly relations among nations; to cooperate in solving
international problems and in promoting respect for human rights; and to be a
centre for harmonizing the actions of nations. Cooperating in this effort are more
than 30 affiliated organizations, known together as the UN system.

The United Nations is not a world government, and it does not make laws. It does,
however, provide the means to help resolve international conflicts and formulate
policies on matters affecting all of us.
Introduction

The basic purpose of the 7M tools is to guide the managers in planning, analysis, and
decision making.

Why is voice of client important?

In short, soliciting voice of client is important because without customers you have no
company. The best way to get higher customer satisfaction is to ensure you are
delivering what they want when they engage you.

The better you deliver against customer requirements the higher the customer
satisfaction. Very satisfied customers are loyal and may even help to promote your
products and services.

Affinity Diagram

Jiro Kawakita was an ethnographer, a pioneer in participation of remote Nepalese

villagers in researching their problems, resulting in practical benefits of portable water
supplies and rapid rope-way transport across mountain gorges. He was awarded the
Ramon Magsaysay Award in 1984.

How to Create an Affinity Diagram?

 Gather Ideas- Quietly, individually, the team gathers a bunch of ideas. Could be

on post it notes or in private survey results.
 Organize – Now we organize the ideas into large groupings. Group all the ones
that sound similar until you get a critical mass.
  Label groupings- Put Affinity titles on the groupings. You have to call them
something, right?!
 Create an action plan- Everyone forgets this part! Use the affinities to create
workable projects.

When to use

 When you are confronted with many facts or ideas in apparent chaos
 When issues seem too large and complex to grasp
 When group consensus is necessary

Tree diagram

How to create a Tree Diagram?

 Develop a statement of the project or an issue that needs to be resolved. Keep

that statement in the left side box of the diagram.
 Ask the question why, which will lead to the next level of detail. By asking why,
categorize the causes that may contribute to the problem or issue.
 Keep these causes on the right side of the problem statement and then link with
a line to the causes.
 Perform necessary and sufficient checks. Repeat the above steps and identify
more causes until root causes are identified.

When to use

 When an issue is known or being addressed in broad generalities and you must move
to specific details, such as when developing logical steps to achieve an objective
 When developing actions to carry out a solution or other plan
 When analyzing processes in detail
 When probing for the root cause of a problem
 When evaluating implementation issues for several potential solutions
 After an affinity diagram or interrelationship diagram has uncovered key issues
 As a communication tool, to explain details to others

Interrelationship Diagram

 Draft a Statement – Draft a statement for the Interrelationship Diagram to

explore. Consider using your Problem Statement found from the Project
Charter if available. Write the statement on a white board for all participants to
see.
 Brainstorm Key Factors – Next, have participants brainstorm key factors
related to the statement. Each participant writes their ideas on a card or sticky
note. You may gather ideas using the other 7M tools if created in advance.
 Categorize the Information – Once participants have finished brainstorming,
place one idea on the work surface and determine the relationships between the
other ideas. Be sure to plot similar ideas in the same vicinity. Repeat till all ideas
are on the board.
 Analyze the Diagram – Ask the team, “how does this idea influence the other
ideas?” Draw arrows from each idea to the one it influences. Ideas that have
arrows going out from them are causes or X factors. Ideas that have arrows
coming to it are effects or Ys. Consider writing an explanation along side the
arrows to validate connections.
 Count the Arrows – Last, count the arrows pointing to and from each idea and
record the totals. The ideas with the highest arrow counts deserve special
attention.

When to use

Use an interrationship diagram when a team is struggling to understand the

relationships among several issues associated with a process. The tool can also be
useful in identifying root causes, even when objective data is unavailable.