1.

A GOOD PROPOSOAL IS 60% OF THE FINAL RESEARCH

Ans: A research proposal is a document that provides a detailed description of the

intended program. A research proposal is a document written with the goal of presenting
and justifying your interest and need for conducting research on a particular topic. It must
highlight the benefits and outcomes of the proposed study, supported by persuasive
evidence. A research proposal describes what you will investigate, why it’s important,
and how you will do the research. It is like an outline of the whole research process that
gives a reader a summary of the information discussed in a project. The objective in writing
a proposal is to describe what you will do, why it should be done, how you will do it and
what you expect the result. 

A research proposal is known as a work plan, prospectus, outline, statement of intent, or

draft plan. It is an individual's or company's offer to produce a product or render service to
a potential buyer or sponsor. It is essentially a roadmap, showing clearly the location from
which a journey begins the destination to be reached and the methods of getting it. The
proposal tells us what, how, where and to whom will be done. It must also show the benefit
of doing research. 
Research proposal is known as the 60% of the final research because of the following
reasons:
1.It makes known one’s intentions of getting involved with research work and this is done
through the researcher spelling out the objectives of his/her study.
2. The process of writing a proposal allows the researcher to plan and review the steps that
will be undertaken in the project. It gives the researcher an opportunity to spot flows in the
logic, errors in assumptions and even problems that are not adequately addressed the
objectives and design of the study.
3. In general, it provides justification for funding, if one is out in the business/consultancy
world. One has to justify the use of resources. If one is in an academic setting, the proposal
must provide justification for acceptance as contributing to either existing knowledge or
adding to it (that is either extending the current field of work or providing additional
knowledge to the existing field).
4. After the proposal is done and approved, the document serves as guide for the
researcher throughout the investigations, ie, progress can be monitored.
5. The proposal provides a basis for the evaluation of the document; it gives the research
advisor a basis for assisting the researcher.
6. A well-designed research proposal helps the researcher to avoid the tiring and time
consuming alterations once the research project takes off.
7. The proposal forces time management and budget estimate. These estimates allow
researchers to plan the project in such a way that the work progresses steadily towards the
deadline. Since many people tend to follow the work, having a schedule helps researchers
work towards the completion of the project.
8. A proposal also provides an opportunity for the researcher to discuss the research
efforts of others who have worked on related areas.
9. A proposal is also able to suggest the data necessary for solving the problem and how the
data will be gathered, treated, and interpreted.
10. In addition, the proposal of a contact researcher must present its plan, services and
credentials in the best possible way to encourage its selection over competitors. In contract
research, the survival of companies depends on their ability to develop wining proposals.

2.Define research.
Ans: Research:
Meaning- “A careful investigation or inquiry specially through search for new facts in any
branch of knowledge”
Definition: Scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic
Term 'research' refers to the systematic method consisting of :
• Enunciating the problem
• Formulating a hypothesis
• Collecting the facts or data
• Analyzing the facts and
• Reaching certain conclusions - either in the form of solutions/s towards the
concerned problem or in certain generalizations for some theoretical formulation.
Sekaran: Research is an organized, systematic, data-based, critical, scientific inquiry or
investigation into a specific problem. Undertaken with the objective of finding answers or
solution to it.
Kerlinger: Research is a systematic, controlled, empirical and critical investigation of
hypothetical proposition about the pre-assumed relations among natural phenomena.

3.List out the components of research proposal.

Ans: The components of research proposal are given below:
Components of a research proposal 

1. Title

2. Introduction Part 

2.1 Background of the Study

2.2 Statement of the Problem

2.3 Objectives
 2.4 Hypothesis/Research Questions

2.5 Rational/Significance of the Study 

3. Literature Review (Theoretical and Empirical review) 
4. Research Methodology 
4.1 Study Area
4.2 Research Design
4.3 Nature and Sources of Data
4.4 Study Population, Sample Size and Sampling Procedure
4.5 Tools/Techniques of Data Collection
4.6 Validity and Reliability of Data
4.7 Ethical Consideration 
4.8 Method of Data Analysis 5. Work Plan 6.
Limitation of the Study
7. References
8. Budget
9. Annex 
4. Write a proposal on your topic of interest with necessary component.
(it is just an example, you can write on your own; in exam do not write introduction and
literature review, just focus on title, objective, significance of the study, limitations,
research methodlogy)
Title: TO ANALYSE THE LEVEL OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION AMONG THE STUDENTS OF
SDSE
Introduction
Background:
COVID-19: Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a pandemic associated with severe respiratory
syndrome. It originated from Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The World Health
Organization (WHO) on 30th January 2020 showed concern for this disease and affirmed it
as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern and on 11th March 2020 accepted
this as a pandemic. The ongoing pandemic COVID-19 has been announced by the World
Health Organization as the sixth public health emergency of international concern. In
December 2019 in China Coronavirus was first spotted. People suffering from Corona show
symptoms of fever, dry coughing and breathlessness (Guan et al. 2020 and Holshue et al.
2020).
Quarantine has been used as a preventive measure for centuries to deal with major
infectious outbreaks and it proved to be effective in controlling the spread of infectious
diseases such as cholera and plague in the past (Brooks et al., 2020; Twu et al., 2003;
Mandavilli, 2003; Barbera et al., 2001). Quarantine is the separation and restriction of
movement of people who have potentially been exposed to a contagious disease to
ascertain if they become unwell, for reducing the risk of them infecting others in the
community (CDC, 2017).
Many countries have gone through strict lockdown and quarantine implementations
affecting the studies of the students and shift of mode on learning has affected since then.
Depression: According to Wikipedia, Depression is a state of low mood and aversion to
activity. It can affect a person's thoughts, behavior, motivation, feelings, and sense of well-
being. The core symptom of depression is said to be anhedonia, which refers to loss of
interest or a loss of feeling of pleasure in certain activities that usually bring joy to
people. Depressed mood is a symptom of some mood disorders such as major depressive
disorder or dysthymia; it is a normal temporary reaction to life events, such as the loss of a
loved one; and it is also a symptom of some physical diseases and a side effect of some
drugs and medical treatments. It may feature sadness, difficulty in thinking and
concentration and a significant increase or decrease in appetite and time spent sleeping.
People experiencing depression may have feelings of dejection, hopelessness and,
sometimes, suicidal thoughts. It can either be short term or long term.
Anxiety: According to Wikipedia, Anxiety is an emotion characterized by an unpleasant
state of inner chaos, often accompanied by nervous behavior such as pacing back and
forth, somatic complaints, and rumination. It includes subjectively unpleasant feelings of
dread over anticipated events. Anxiety is a feeling of uneasiness and worry, usually
generalized and unfocused as an overreaction to a situation that is only subjectively seen as
menacing. It is often accompanied by muscular tension, restlessness, fatigue, inability to
catch one's breath, tightness in the abdominal region, and problems in concentration.
Anxiety is closely related to fear, which is a response to a real or perceived
immediate threat; anxiety involves the expectation of future threat including dread. People
facing anxiety may withdraw from situations which have provoked anxiety in the past.
There are various ways to measure anxiety and depression. In this study, Hospital Anxiety
and Depression Scale is used to measure the level of depression and anxiety in the
respondents.
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), developed by Zigmond and Snaith in
1983, is recognised as a reliable, valid and practical tool in hospital populations. The HADS
is a fourteen item scale that generates: Seven of the items relate to anxiety and seven relate
to depression. HADS is acceptable to both patients and non-patients. Hence, it is an
adequate psychiatric screening instrument. (Wikipedia)
The items on the questionnaire that relate to anxiety are

 I feel tense or wound up

 I get a sort of frightened feeling as if something awful is about to happen
 Worrying thoughts go through my mind
 I can sit at ease and feel relaxed
 I get a sort of frightened feeling like 'butterflies' in the stomach
 I feel restless as I have to be on the move
  I get sudden feelings of panic
The items that relate to depression are:

 I still enjoy the things I used to enjoy

 I can laugh and see the funny side of things
 I feel cheerful
 I feel as if I am slowed down
 I have lost interest in my appearance
 I look forward with enjoyment to things
 I can enjoy a good book or radio or TV program
Each item on the questionnaire is scored from 0-3 and this means that a person can score
between 0 and 21 for either anxiety or depression.
If the score is:
0-7= Normal
8-10= Borderline Abnormal
11-21= Abnormal Case
Statement of the Problem:
Students are suffering from anxiety and depression due to this COVID-19. There have been
very few researches which study the level of depression and anxiety in the student during
COVID-19 and lockdown. In addition, there are few studies in the context of Nepal and
Pokhara University.
Objective of the Research:
General Objective: To measure the level of Anxiety and Depression during COVID-19 and
lockdown.
Specific Objective:
 To measure the level of Depression in the students of SDSE using HADS.
 To measure the level of Anxiety in the students of SDSE using HADS.
Research Question:
 What is the level of Depression in the students of SDSE using HADS?
 What is the To measure the level of Anxiety in the students of SDSE using HADS?
Hypothesis:
Since, this study is exploratory and descriptive in nature there is no hypothesis of this
research.
Significance of the Study:
Since, there have been very few researches which study the level of depression and anxiety
in the student during COVID-19 and lockdown. This study will try to enlighten the level of
depression and anxiety in the students of the SDSE.

Chapter II

Literature Review:
The COVID-19 is challenging the psychological capacity of the public to deal with ongoing
crises (Wang et al., 2020). This is not applicable to individuals with COVID-19 only but also
those who are bound to be in lockdown for a long time during a lockdown. The pandemic is
not only causing deaths worldwide but also creating psychological pressure for persons
with COVID-19 and healthy individuals (Duan and Zhu, 2020). High levels of stress and
anxiety are natural responses towards any sort of unnatural situation (Royand Tripathy,
2020).
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought into focus the mental health of various affected
populations. It is known that the prevalence of epidemics creates new stressors including
fear and worry for oneself or loved ones, constraints on physical movement and social
activities due to quarantine, and sudden and radical lifestyle changes. Anxiety and
depression levels will definitely rise but the question is how to manage this stress before it
becomes devastating. It is quite natural that people will go through great stress and bigger
anxiety symptoms due to this pandemic. General public is frightened and there is fear
among the mass relating to their health and wellbeing of their loved ones, economic
downturn and uncertainty about the future. The media coverage is also feeding to the
anxiety levels. Quarantine and social isolation can add to the stress and anxiety levels and
may lead to increase one’s signs of depression. Studies conducted on the impact of
quarantine and social isolation after the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome
(SARS) in 2003 and 2014 and Ebola outbreak have reported negative psychological effects
on the mass including post-traumatic stress symptoms, confusion, and anger. The stressors
after long quarantine duration are mostly fears of infection, frustration, boredom,
inadequate supplies, inadequate information, financial loss, and stigma.
A recent review of virus outbreaks and pandemics documented stressors such as infection
fears, frustration, boredom, inadequate supplies, inadequate information, financial loss,
and stigma. Much of the current literature on psychological impacts of COVID-19 has
emerged from the earliest hot spots in China. Although several studies have assessed
mental health issues during epidemics, most have focused on health workers, patients,
children, and the general population. For example, a recent poll by The Kaiser Family
Foundation showed that 47% of those sheltering in place reported negative mental health
effects resulting from worry or stress related to COVID-19. Nelson et al have found elevated
levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms among general population samples in North
America and Europe. However, with the exception of a few studies, notably from China,
there is sparse evidence of the psychological or mental health effects of the current
pandemic on college students, who are known to be a vulnerable population. Although the
findings from these studies thus far converge on the uptick of mental health issues among
college students, the contributing factors may not necessarily be generalizable to
populations in other countries. As highlighted in multiple recent correspondences, there is
an urgent need to assess effects of the current pandemic on the mental health and well-
being of college students.

Chapter III

Research Methodology:
Study Area: The study is going to be conducted online through google form.
Research Design: In this research, cross-sectional, exploratory and descriptive research
design will be adopted.
Study Population, Sample Size and Sampling Procedure: In this research, the study
population will be the students of SDSE, PU. Furthermore, 50 students from BDEVS and
BECS will be taken as sample size for this study through convenience sampling technique
or voluntary sampling technique.
Nature and Sources of Data: Quantitative data will be collected for this research. For the
study, primary sources of data will be collected using structured and semi-structured
questionnaire with closed-ended question.
Methods of Data Collection: Primary data will be collected by using structured
questionnaire with close-ended questions.
Reliability and Validity: For the reliability of this study, the internal consistence of HADs
expressed as Cronbach’s alpha is 0.68-0.93. Similarly for the validity, the standard HADs
questions are asked without any modification.
Ethical Consideration: The consent of the participants will be asked before asking them
questions. The primary objective of the study will be explained to the respondents.
Method of Data Analysis: All the collected quantitative data will be edited, filtered and
endered in SPSS for the analysis. Descriptive statistic will be used for further anlaysis.
Output will be showed by using frequency, percentage, cross tabulation, pie-chat, mean,
minimum value and maximum value.

Work Plan:
Task: 5/15/202 5/17/202 5/18/202 5/20/202 5/22/202 5/25/202

1 1 1 1 1 1

Literature

Review

Questionnaire

design

Data

Collection

Primary Data

analysis

Report

Writing

Report

Submission

Limitations of the Study:

The limitation of this study is that it’s sample size. It is conducted only in 50 students as a
result the broad picture of the topic may be still missing. This study doesn’t truly picturize
the level of anxiety and depression among the students because HADs has also its
disadvantages.
References:

1. Son, C., Hegde, S., Smith, A., Wang, X., & Sasangohar, F. (2020). Effects of

COVID-19 on College Students’ Mental Health in the United States: Interview

 Survey Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(9), e21279.

https://doi.org/10.2196/21279

2. Son, C., Hegde, S., Smith, A., Wang, X., & Sasangohar, F. (2020). Effects of

COVID-19 on College Students’ Mental Health in the United States: Interview

Survey Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(9), e21279.

https://doi.org/10.2196/21279

3. Risal A, Manandhar K, Linde M, Koju R, Steiner TJ, Holen A. Reliability and

Validity of a Nepali-language Version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression

Scale (HADS). Kathmandu Univ Med J 2015;50(2):115-24.

4. Wikipedia contributors. (2021, January 9). Hospital Anxiety and Depression

Scale. Wikipedia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital_Anxiety_and_Depression_Scale

5. Wikipedia contributors. (2021b, May 13). Depression (mood). Wikipedia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depression_(mood)#Measures

Wikipedia contributors. (2021b, May 13). Anxiety. Wikipedia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiety

6. Barraca, M. (n.d.). Effects of Covid 19 Quarantine on the Mental Health of

College Students at Adzu.

Https://Www.Academia.Edu/45029675/Effects_of_Covid_19_Quarantine_on

_the_Mental_Health_of_College_Students_at_Adzu.

https://www.academia.edu/45029675/Effects_of_Covid_19_Quarantine_on_t

he_Mental_Health_of_College_Students_at_Adzu
 7. Satpathy, B., & Ali, E. (2020). A study on psychological well-being of final year

management students during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in india. The

International Journal of Indian Psychology, 8(2), 1–3.

https://www.academia.edu/43142870/A_study_on_psychological_well_bein

g_of_final_year_management_students_during_COVID_19_pandemic_lockdow

n_in_India

5. Write the important of literature review in research.

Ans: It is the survey of scholarly articles, bools and other sources. It’s important to show
that you’re familiar with the most important research on your topic. A strong literature
review convinces the reader that your project has a solid foundation in existing knowledge
or theory. It also shows that you’re not simply repeating what other people have already
done or said.

The following are the importance of the literature review.

 To give reference to the researchers whose study has been a part of your research.
 To help you construct a precise and clear research question.
 To critically evaluate previous literature information related to your research.
 To understand research issues relevant to the topic of your research.
 To convince the reader that your research is an important contribution to the
relevant niche.
 Provide foundation of knowledge on topic
 Identify areas of prior scholarship to prevent duplication and give credit to other
researchers
 Identify inconstancies: gaps in research, conflicts in previous studies, open
questions left from other research
 Identify need for additional research (justifying your research)
 Identify the relationship of works in context of its contribution to the topic and to
other works
 It helps to place own research within the context of existing literature making a case
for why further study is needed

6. Describe the methods of setting objectives in a research proposal.

Ans: Research objectives are the outcomes that you aim to achieve by conducting research.
Many research projects contain more than one research objective. Creating strong research
objectives can help your organization achieve its overall goals. The purpose of research
objectives is to drive the research project, including data collection, analysis and
conclusions. Research objectives also help you narrow in on the focus of your research and
key variables, guiding you through the research process.
A clear statement of objectives is a must. These need to be spelled out clearly and exactly
when do we do we hope to be able to achieve in the study. Objectives can be academic or
applied or both but they should be short and to the point. The objective functions to inform
the readers of the expressed purposed research effort. It is essentially an extended title that
sets the stage for the remaining sections of the proposal. In many proposals the objectives
may suffice. Formulation of hypothesis is not a necessity. The objectives should be stated
using action verbs that are specific enough to be measured: e.g. to compare...., to explore....,
to identify ....., to compare..to describe....., to determine....... to assess....., to analyze...., to
explain....., etc. 
Do not use vague non-action verbs such as: to appreciate..., to understand...., to believe.... 

Methods in Setting Research Proposal:

1. Pinpoint the major focus of your research

The first step to writing your research objectives is to pinpoint the major focus of your
research project. In this step, make sure to clearly describe what you aim to achieve
through your research. You can identify a research focus by reading through your
industry's literature and finding gaps in existing research. Once you find a gap that you can
fill through your research project, you can start narrowing down a focus for your research
project and setting an overall goal that you want to achieve through your research.
2. Break down your research focus into research objectives
Once you know the primary goal of your research project, you can break it down into
smaller steps and separate objectives. You can choose one general objective and a few
other specific, narrow objectives. In the general objective, state in a broad sense what you
aim to achieve through your research. Then, use the specific objectives to describe how you
can achieve your general goal.
For example, your general objective could be, "Determine how work environment affects
performance." In this case, your specific objectives might be, "Determine whether sunlight
improves performance," and "Measure how performance changes when work environment
changes."
3. Write your research objectives in the SMART format
Another key step to writing strong research objectives is to use the SMART format. Using
this format can make your objectives clearer and easier to understand, which can make you
more likely to achieve them. Make sure your objectives meet these criteria:
Specific: Be specific about your desired outcomes. Your objectives should be clearly written
and leave no room for confusion. This can help you keep them narrow and focused.
Measurable: Making your objectives measurable is essential to achieving them. You can
create metrics to measure your progress toward achieving your objectives.
Achievable: Be sure to create objectives that you can realistically achieve to help you avoid
getting overwhelmed by unrealistic expectations. Make sure you have the resources and
budget to accomplish your objectives.
Relevant: Make your objectives relevant to your research and your overall goals. This can
help you stay motivated and on track throughout your research project.
Time-based: You can establish deadlines to help you keep your research process on track.
You can set a major deadline for your entire project as well as smaller deadlines for each
objective.

7.Write the process of writing background information in research

proposal.

Answer: Background information tells the reader of the proposal what you are proposing
to do and why it is important. This section introduces the subject matter of the topics. It
includes the subject matter from world, regional and national wise scenario. So, it needs
some literature review in the theme to review and cite the opinions those need to be
understood to know with issues chosen for the research.
Background information expands upon the key points stated in the beginning of
your introduction but is not intended to be the main focus of the paper.  It
generally supports the question, what did we know about this topic before I did this
study? Sufficient background information helps your reader determine if you have a
basic understanding of the research problem being investigated and promotes
confidence in the overall quality of your analysis and findings. This information
provides the reader with the essential context needed to understand the research
problem and its significance before moving on to the literature review.

Depending on the problem being studied, forms of contextualization may include one
or more of the following:

 Cultural -- placed within the learned behavior of specific groups of people.

 Economic -- of or relating to systems of production and management of
material wealth and/or business activities.
 Gender -- located within the behavioral, cultural, or psychological traits
typically associated with being male or female.
  Historical -- the time in which something takes place or was created and
how that influences how you interpret it.
 Interdisciplinary -- explanation of theories, concepts, ideas, or
methodologies borrowed from other disciplines applied to the research
problem rooted in another discipline.
 Philosophical -- clarification of the essential nature of being or of
phenomena as it relates to the research problem.
 Physical/Spatial -- reflects the space around something and how that
influences how you see it.
 Political -- concerns the environment in which something is produced
indicating it's public purpose or agenda.
 Social -- the environment of people that surrounds something's creation or
intended audience, reflecting how the people around something use and
interpret it.
 Temporal -- reflects issues or events of, relating to, or limited by time.
Background information can also include summaries of important, relevant
research studies. This is particularly important if there is an essential or
groundbreaking study about the research problem or a key study that refutes or
supports your thesis. The key is to summarize for the reader what is known about the
specific research problem before you conduct the analysis. This is accomplished with a
general review of the foundational research literature [with citations] that document
findings informing your study's aims and objectives.

Providing background information in the introduction of a research paper

serves as a bridge that links the reader to the topic of your study . Precisely how
long and in-depth this bridge should be is largely dependent upon how much
information you think the reader will need to know in order to fully understand the
topic being discussed and to appreciate why the issues you are investigating are
important.

From another perspective, the length and detail of background information also
depends on the degree to which you need to demonstrate to your professor how much
you understand the research problem. Keep this in mind because providing pertinent
background information can be an effective way to demonstrate that you have a clear
grasp of key issues and concepts underpinning your overall study. Don't try to show
off, though! And, avoid stating the obvious.

The structure and writing style of your background information can vary depending
upon the complexity of your research and/or the nature of the assignment.  Given this,
here are some questions to consider while writing this part of your introduction :

1. Are there concepts, terms, theories, or ideas that may be unfamiliar to the
reader and, thus, require additional explanation?
2. Are there historical elements that need to be explored in order to provide
needed context, to highlight specific people, issues, or events, or to lay a
foundation for understanding the emergence of a current issue or event?
 3. Are there theories, concepts, or ideas borrowed from other disciplines or
academic traditions that may be unfamiliar to the reader and therefore
require further explanation?
4. Is the research study unusual in a way that requires additional explanation,
such as, 1) your study uses a method of analysis never applied before; 2)
your study investigates a very esoteric or complex research problem; 3) your
study introduces new or unique variables that need to be taken into account;
or, 4) your study relies upon analyzing unique texts or documents, such as,
archival materials or primary documents like diaries or personal letters that
do not represent the established body of source literature on the topic?
Almost all introductions to a research problem require some contextualizing, but  the
scope and breadth of background information varies depending on your
assumption about the reader's level of prior knowledge. Despite this assessment,
however, background information should be brief and succinct; save any elaboration
of critical points or in-depth discussion of key issues for the literature review section
of your paper.

8.Define research design while formulating research proposal.

Ans: Can be defined as:
a. Overall strategy utilized to carry out research that defines a concise and logical plan
to tackle established research question(s) through the collection, interpretation,
analysis, and discussion of data.
b. Blueprint of the research for the collection, measurement, and analysis of data that
researcher chooses in a coherent and logical way in order to ensure that researcher
will effectively address the research problem
c. Framework for planning research and answering research questions.

Contents of Research Design:

The most common aspects involved in research design include at least followings:
1. Statement of research objectives, i.e., why the research project is to be conducted

2. Type of data needed

3. Definition of population and sampling procedures to be followed

4. Time, costs, and responsibility specification

5. Methods, ways, and procedures used for collection of data

6. Data analysis – tools or methods used to analyze data

7. Probable output or research outcomes and possible actions to be taken based on those outcomes

Factors Affecting Research Design

The following factors affect the design of research:

1. The nature of the study;

2. The scope of the study
3. The level of the study
4. Availability of sufficient data;
5. Proper exposure to the sources of data, especially primary data;
6. Availability of time;
7. Availability of money and manpower;
8. Impact of the various internal and external as well as controllable and
uncontrollable variables on the research project;
9. The ability, skill, knowledge, and technical background of the researcher; and
10. Utility and applicability of the research result in practice.

Creating a research design means making decisions about:

 The type of data researchers need

 The location and timescale of the research
 The participants and sources
 The variables and hypotheses (if relevant)
 The methods for collecting and analyzing data

9.What things need to be considered while selecting topic.

Ans: The first section of the research proposal will give the title. The function of the title is
to encapsulate in a few words the essence of your research. Its main purpose is to reflect
the essentials and intensions of the proposed research. Things that need to be considered
while writing tile are given below
• It should be within the researcher's real interest. 
The title of the proposed research work must be clear, concise and descriptive. 
• It should reflect the contents of the proposed study. 
• Have the researcher real interest. Contain issues that have a link with theory. 
 •The title should include key terms that readily identify the scope and nature of the study
and should be typed using all capital letters. 
• The title should clearly indicate the independent and dependent variables. 
•It should be as short as possible.