ELEMENTS and PRINCIPLES of

ART

Lesson 6
Lesson Objectives:

1. Identify and analyze the different

elements of art.
2. Compare and contrast the principles of
art
3. Discuss the interrelationship between the
elements and principles of art and
explain their relevance in the study of art.
4. Establish the dominant of hybrid art and
analyze the various art forms combined
within.
5. Create an artwork depicting the elements
and principles of design
 ELEMENTS of VISUAL ARTS
1. LINE
.............
⚫A continuation of a
point , a series of ⚫Menoy ( 2014)
connected dots, or the categorized the
recording of the said
point different types of
⚫A line is a mark made
lines according to
upon a surface vertical,
⚫One of the earliest horizontal,
artistic elements, diagonal, broken
starting with the cave or jagged lines,
paintings around curved lines,
15,000 BC. Looking at
the cave paintings, one repeating line,
can notice hoe w early contrasting lines,
humans used line to modified lines and
show the shape of more, which also
Vertical Lines
⮚ These lines are
strong and rigid.
⮚ They show balance
and poise.
⮚ They suggest
stability and
convey a lack of
movement
⮚ Its tallness and
formality give the
impression of
dignity
Horizontal Lines
⚫Lines that are
parallel to the
horizon (hence the
name).
⚫They look like they
are lying down, at
rest, asleep.
⚫They suggest
calmness and
quietness a relaxed
comfort.
⚫Emphasize width
⚫They are stable and
secure
Diagonal Lines
⚫Are unbalanced
⚫They are filled
restlessness and
uncontrolled energy
⚫They can appear to be
either rising or falling
and convey action and
motion.
⚫Their kinetic energy
and apparent
movement create
tension and
excitement
⚫More dramatic than
either horizontal or
vertical lines
⚫Can also appear solid
and unmoving if they
Broken or Jagged Lines
⚫Series of dashes
⚫They take Combination of
diagonal lines that connect at
points
⚫on the dynamic and high
energy characteristics of
diagonal lines
⚫They create excitement and
intense movement
⚫They convey confusion and
nervousness as they change
direction and quickly and
frequently.
⚫They can imply danger and
destruction as they break
down.
⚫Both these lines imply
confusion, chaos, tension,
disturbance, violence and
 Curved Lines
⚫Softer than straight lines
⚫They sweep and turn gracefully
between end points
⚫They are less definite and
predictable than straight lines
⚫They bend and change direction
⚫Express fluid movement
⚫They can be calm or dynamic
depending on how much they
curve
⚫The less active the curve, the
calmer the feeling
⚫Whether concave(inward) or
convex ( outward), which can
either be scroll-like ( s-form) or
spiral-like ( winding round)
indicate movements
concave convex
Repeating Lines
⚫Series of vertical (
IIIIII), horizontal (
_ _ _ _ _ ),
diagonal ( ///// or
\\\\\ ) or curved
lines such as ((((( or
))))), that show
rhythm
Contrasting Lines
⚫These are
combination of
vertical and
horizontal lines (
LLLLL)
⚫or a combination
of diagonal lines (
XXXXX or <<<<<
or >>>>>) in
opposite
directions.
Modified Lines
⚫These are a
combination of
straight and curved
lines ( { } or [ ] ) or
combination of
lines shifting
shapes ( >0<).
 2. SHAPE
⚫are areas of enclosed
space, which give
permanent meanings to
simplify ideas
⚫hey can be flat and can
only have height and
width
⚫May be natural or
geometric
⚫Natural or organic shapes
are those we see in nature,
such as shapes of men,
animals, clouds, trees or
leaves.
⚫May be interpreted
realistically or may be
distorted
⚫Geometrical shapes are
 3. SPACE
Negative space-
⚫Deals with the
illusion of depth on a ⚫the area around
flat surface the subject matter
⚫It is the area or of an artwork.
surface occupied by ⚫Artists use often
an artwork use negative space
⚫Note that not all as a method of
artworks are adding interest to a
sculptures. In two- subject matter
dimensional art,
space can be:
 Three-Dimensional
Positive Space Space
⚫The space where ⚫Is usually shown
shadow is heavily by means of
used shading, where a
three-dimensional
effect can be
achieved even if
the artwork is two-
dimensional.
4. COLOR Color Theory

⚫First evident in the

experiments of Sir Isaac
Newton in 1666, where an
⚫What we see when array of colors similar to that
light reflects off of of the rainbow is revealed
when a ray of sunlight passes
an object through a prism.
⚫Color usually ⚫A set of principles used to
create harmonious color
enhances the combinations pleasing to the
eye and senses.
attraction of an ⚫Provides us with a common
artwork ground for understanding how
colors can be used, arranged,
coordinated, blended and
related to one another.
⚫It is about why colors work
together aesthetically, while
others do not
⚫Color theory is ⚫HUE- Pure color
built upon the such as yellow, red
creation of the and green
color wheel. In art,
we use pigments ( a
coloring material)
to control and
work with color,
mixing pigments
to make new colors
or make colors
lighter or darker.
The dimension of color is divided
into:
Primary Colors- blue,
red and yellow ( BRY) .

⚫Called primary
colors because
they are the first
colors to be
produced and the
rest of the colors
result from the
combination of the
primary colors
Secondary Colors-
green, orange and violet
( GOV)-

⚫These colors are

produced by
combining two
primary colors
⚫Green is the
product when blue
and yellow are
combined
⚫Orange is the
product when red
and yellow are
combined
⚫Violet is product of
the combination of
Intermediate colors

⚫are the resulting

colors of mixing
primary and
secondary colors as
in red-violet, red-
orange, yellow
orange, yellow
green, blue green
and blue violet.
VALUE Light Colors/ Tints
⚫making a color ⚫- are those with
lighter or darker. values lower than
Artist us this to the normal values
create an illusion
of depth and
solidity, convey a
mood, feeling or
establish a scene.
Intensity Bright/ Warm colors-
⚫brightness or ⚫ those that are striking
to the eyes
dullness of the ⚫ These colors suggest
color warmth, vivacity,
cheerfulness,
excitement or positive
energy
⚫Usually associated
with sun, fire and light
⚫Orange, yellow (
considered as the
most brilliant color
and most cheerful
color)
⚫Red ( warmest and the
most exciting)
Dull Colors
⚫ those that are ⚫Also called
opposite of bright receding colors
or warm colors ⚫Which suggest
distance,
tranquility,
restfulness or
sobriety
⚫Blue is the coolest
and the calmest of
all colors

Other colors include

Color Harmony Color Scheme
⚫in color theory, is ⚫Set of colors selected,
is an important
the basic technique function of the color
used to create wheel.
⚫When determining
combinations of which colors match
colors (or clash) with each
other, the color wheel
can provide users with
a set of basic rules and
⚫It is the process of several predefined
matching colors color schemes.
and creating color ⚫Color schemes consist
of two, three or four
schemes colors based on their
positions on the color
Complementary color
scheme
⚫consists of two
colors located
directly opposite
from each other
on the color wheel
⚫Form a straight
line
Analogous colors
⚫when
complementary
colors mesh with
one another
Triad Color Scheme-
⚫composed of
three colors
equally positioned
on the wheel
⚫Form a triangular
shape such as
equilateral or
isosceles triangle
 Tetrad Color Scheme

⚫Formed by two pairs of

colors opposite each other
on the color wheel, or four
colors.
⚫Come from a square or
triangle
⚫Split complementary- any
three colors forming Y in
the color wheel
⚫Double Split
Complementary- any two
sets of three colors forming
a Y in the color wheel
⚫These color schemes
Adjacent Colors
⚫are those situated
next to each other
in the color wheel.
⚫Other colors include ⚫Colors have
neutral colors which connotations as well.
serve to balance ⚫White symbolizes
colors like white ( purity, holiness, or
which is the absence mourning; black
signifies death,
of all colors) darkness and evil
⚫Gray ( which is ⚫Blue indicates
formed by combining serenity, sadness,
black and white) peace or masculinity
⚫Black ( which is the ⚫Green signifies life,
nature and healthy
presence of all colors well being
⚫Brown, peach, ⚫Yellow symbolizes
cream, gold, silver jealousy, deceit, or
and bronze divinity
⚫Gray symbolizes
5 Form
⚫Refers to the three-dimensional version of
a shape
⚫An artwork that has the art element of
form can be viewed from different angles,
and is not flat
⚫Forms have height and width, but they
also have depth
⚫Forms can be hard-edged like a cube or
more free- flowing
6. Texture
⮚ The way something feels or looks like it
might feel in an artwork
⮚ Texture can be real or implied
⮚ Real texture is something that you can feel
with your fingers if you touch the art.
⮚ Implied Texture only visually looks like it
feels a certain way. If you ran your fingers
over implied texture, it would not feel any
different. An artwork may be smooth or
rough, fine or coarse, glossy or dull,
regular or irregular.
⮚ The texture depends on the material or
medium that the artist use in order to
convey a particular message.