SELF-LEARNING MODULES (SLM)

21ST CENTURY LITERATURE FROM THE PHILIPPINES AND THE WORLD

Quarter 3 | Module 1 | AY 2021 – 2022
TEACHER: LUDILYN P. CARE, LPT

I. OBJECTIVES
 Determine the key characteristics of each literary form.
 Discuss how different contexts enhance the text’s meaning and enrich the reader’s
understanding.
 EN12Lit/-Id-25

II. SUBJECT MATTER

- Reviewing the Forms and Genres of Literature

III. LEARNING RESOURCES

 Textbook:
Baronda, Andrew John C., 2016. 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and
the World. Pasay City: JFS Publishing Services

IV. LESSON DISCUSSION

LITERATURE

Scholars have given some legitimate definitions pertaining to how they perceive literature.
Hereunder are some useful descriptions of what literature is.

 Looking into the etymology of the word literature, it was said to be derived from the
Latin word litteratura which means writing, from litteratus, learning.
 Literature covers both oral and written forms of works which manifest expressive or
imaginative quality, nobility of thoughts, timelessness, and lastly, universality.
 It is also described as for having an excellent form which the expression of permanent
and universal ideas can be established aesthetically.

MAJOR FORMS OF LITERATURE

a. Prose
- this form is mainly ascribed to be composed freely.
- This form does not have any measurement scheme for it is known to have a free-flow of
sentences.
- Also, it has greater irregularity and the language used in this form is ordinary for it has a
close resemblance to man’s pattern of everyday speech.

b. Poetry
- It is the form of literature characterized by its highly controlled manner of choosing and
arranging language with the use of regulating devices such for sound and rhythm to
aesthetically convey a meaning which may call for a specific emotional response.

GENRES OF LITERATURE

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 a. Poetry

Ascribed as the most economical means of expression since it only uses limited number of
words.

Its beauty is mainly forced by the intricate and careful use of

words, figurative expression, imagery, rhythm and sound.

b. Prose Fiction

This is mainly characterized by scholars as any literary work that is an imaginative recreation
and reconstruction of life.

This type covers short stories and novels in which these are
said to be manifestations of the creative and imaginative
thinking of a particular writer.

Also, it recounts the flow and development of actions and

events involving an identified number of characters who deal
and react to certain conflicts and human issues.

c. Drama

Involves stories involving significant human encounters which are intended to be performed on
stage.

It may involve a certain number characters who also deal with some
complications and issues.

It presents fictional or imaginative events presented or

portrayed by actors and actresses before an audience.

d. Non-Fiction Prose

This genre mainly attempts to present, to interpret, or to

describe facts.

With such, judgments, opinions, and commentaries may be

framed and expressed in the form of essays, feature articles,
editorials and the like.

POETRY: NATURE, STUCTURE, AND FORMS

The Greek term “poesis” which means “to create” or “to make” is said to be the derivation of
the word poetry. Poetry is indeed a majestic form of literature for it manifests aesthetic value relative
to how carefully language is used by a certain poet. Mainly, this is an art of communicating
meanings, emotions, and values which leave an effect or impact on its readers.

It evokes emotions, aspirations, conditions despite its shortness. This can be delivered in
both spoken and written forms. In addition, it mainly considers the rhythmic and other tonal aspects
which are perceived to be intricate and complex. The creative use of these aspects may help in
establishing the beauty of poetry.
KEY ASPECTS OF POETRY

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 1. Structure
- Most poetic works utilize few words and these are mainly arranged in lines and in
stanzas.
- However, the structure may have some different feature depending on the style
established by a writer.
- For example, a haiku, a ballad, and a sonnet have peculiar structures.

2. Language
- The writer of a poetic work mainly expresses familiar feelings, emotions, conditions
and the like in an implicit and suggestive way.
- Thus, the words as they are used in certain expressions may bear numerous
meanings and interpretations.
- The use of connotation, concrete words, as well as figurative language can be
perceived very evident in poetry writing.
- The writer may use a variety of figurative expression to beautify and heighten the
effect of a poetic work.

3. Tone, Sound, Rhythm

- Poem writing is most likely similar to song-writing.
- Various elements that may contribute to the total effect and impact of a poetic
masterpiece should be in unity and harmony.
- In most cases, poets are careful of using various rhyming patterns and even sound
devices. For example, Shakespearean, Spenserian, Petrarchan sonnets have their
own rhyming schemes and measurements. The haiku, Japan’s foremost poetic form,
has also its peculiar measurements for syllabication and line formation.

4. Emotional Appeal
- Poems mainly convey meanings in a mysterious way.
- Thus words, ideas, or constructs used by the writer may bear certain meanings
which go beyond the literal or ordinary sense.
- A reader must have the ability to deduce and to interpret certain ideas that may lead
to the better understanding of what the poem reveals.
- Thus, a poem is composed of few words but it may bear a volume of meanings
depending on its reader.

DIFFERENT POETIC FORMS

a. Dramatic Poetry
- This is a lyric work that exhibits dialogue and characterization which are known to be
elements of drama.
- A monologue which is specifically a speech delivered by an individual in a dramatic
performance and another is the soliloquy which is a monologue used to develop
the character of a speaker by providing information by the revelation of the
character’s personal thoughts, emotions and feelings both belong to this type.

b. Lyric Poetry
- This mainly discloses a poet’s feelings and emotions which can be perceived to be
subjective and personal.
- This is known to be melodic since it was first recited accompanied by a lyre – a U-
shaped string instrument.
- Lyric poetry covers the following: simple lyric which includes pastorals that describe
scenes and objects of nature, songs which are emotional verses sung during
special occasions, odes which are extended lyric poems ascribed to be more
serious and complex in form than a simple lyric, sonnets which are commonly
composed of 14 lines, and lastly, an elegy which mainly laments the death of a
person or group of individuals.

c. Narrative Poetry
- This is mainly a poem that is non-dramatic in which the prime goal of the author is to
narrate a story.
- It has a variety of length and of complexity. Examples of narrative poems are epics,
metrical tales and romances, and ballads.

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 21ST CENTURY LITERATURE FROM THE PHILIPPINES AND THE WORLD
TEACHER: LUDILYN P. CARE, LPT

NAME: ______________________________ GRADE & STRAND: ____________

WRITING ACROSTICS: Using the letters of the word “POETRY”, provide a creative description of how
you perceive such concept. (5 pts.)

P – _______________________________________________________________________________
O – _______________________________________________________________________________
E – _______________________________________________________________________________
T – _______________________________________________________________________________
R – _______________________________________________________________________________
Y – _______________________________________________________________________________

INSTRUCTION: Predict and identify to which type or genre do each literary work belongs. Choose the
letter of your answer from the pool of options below. Write your answer before the number.

a. poem d. essay
b. short story e. drama
c. novel

____1. Richard Cory — (Edwin Arlington Robinson)

____2. Iliad and Odyssey – (Homer)
____3. How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife – (Manuel E. Arguilla)
____4. El Filibusterismo – (Jose Rizal)
____5. Romeo and Juliet – (William Shakespeare)
____6. What is an Educated Filipino? – (Francisco Benitez)
____7. Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland – (Lewis Caroll)
____8. New Yorker in Tondo – (Marcelino Agana, Jr.)
____9. Things Fall Apart – (Chinua Achebe)
____10. Biag ni Lam-ang – (Anonymous)

INSTRUCTION: Examine and analyze the constructs below and tell whether it is a Poetry or a Prose.

________1. Irregular
________2. Unmeasured
________3. Lines and stanzas
________4. Figurative language
________5. Aesthetic quality
________6. Use of limited words
________7. Free-flow of sentences
________8. Measured and controlled
________9. Sentences and paragraphs
________10. Used creative modes of expression

ESSAY: Discuss the question below.

1. Which between poetry and prose do you feel comfortable of reading? Explain your choice. (5pts.)

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Instruction:
You may use the internet.
Search for the various types of figurative expressions and sound devices. Provide some relevant
examples.

(Write your answers below)

(15 pts.)

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