1

University of Sadat City

Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence (FCAI)

System Analysis & Design-2 (IS306)

Lecture 4

Presented By:
Dr. Ahmed Tealeb

Information Systems Department

1st Semester 2022-2023
 Chapter 8

Architecture Design

SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

SEVENTH EDITION

DENNIS, WIXOM, AND ROTH

Learning Objectives
• Describe the fundamental components of an
information system.
• Describe client–server, server-based, and mobile
application architectures.
• Describe how cloud computing can be incorporated as
a system architecture component.
• Explain how operational, performance, security,
cultural, and political requirements affect the
architecture design.
• Create a hardware and software specification.
Copyright ©2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 3
Creating an Architecture Design
APPLYING THE NONFUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

Copyright ©2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 24

Selecting an Architecture Design
• Lower costs often used to justify choice of client-server
• Recommended selection process:
• Expand nonfunctional requirement details
• Base architecture selection on the detailed nonfunctional
requirements
• Operational,
• Performance,
• Security, and
• Cultural/political

Copyright ©2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 25

Operational Requirements
Requirement Definition Example
Technical Special hardware, software, and All office locations have always-on
Environment network requirements imposed network connection permitting
by business requirements real-time database updates

System The extent to which the system The system will read and write to
Integration will operate with other systems the main inventory database

Portability The extent to which the system The system must operate with
will need to operate in other mobile devices (Android and iOS)
environments
Maintainability Expected business changes to The system must accommodate
which the system should be able new manufacturing plants
to adapt

Copyright ©2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 26

Performance Requirements
Requirement Definition Example
Speed Time within which the system Network transaction
must perform its function response time <= 4
seconds
Capacity Total and peak number of users Maximum of 2000
and the volume of data expected simultaneous users at
peak use times
Availability and Extent to which the system will 99% uptime
Reliability be available to the users and the performance
permissible failure rate due to
errors

Copyright ©2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 27

Security Requirements
Requirement Definition Example
System Value Estimated business value of the A complete loss of all system data
Estimates system and its data would cost $20 million
Access Control Limitations on who can access Inventory item changes can be
what data made only by managers for items in
their own department
Encryption and Defines what data will be Data will be encrypted from the
Authentication encrypted where and whether user’s computer to the Web site to
authentication will be needed provide secure ordering
for user access
Virus Control Controls to limit viruses All uploaded files will be checked
for viruses before being saved in
the system

Copyright ©2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 28

Cultural/Political Requirements
Requirement Definition Example
Multilingual The language(s) the system The system will operate in English,
users will need French, and Spanish
Customization Specification of what Country managers will be able to
aspects of the system can define new fields in the product
be changed by local users database to capture country-
specific information
Making Unstated Explicitly stating All weights will be stated in
Norms Explicit assumptions that differ pounds and in kilograms
from country to country
Legal The laws and regulations Personal customer information
that impose system cannot be transferred from
requirements European Union countries to US

Copyright ©2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 29

Designing the Architecture
• Technical environment requirements, driven by
business requirements, often define the application
architecture.
• If not, other nonfunctional requirements become
important.

Copyright ©2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 30

Nonfunctional Requirements and the
Architecture Design

Copyright ©2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 31

Hardware Software Specification
OUTLINING NEEDS IN NEW SYSTEM

Copyright ©2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 32

HW/SW Specification Purpose
• Used if new hardware or software must be purchased
• Communicates project needs
• Actual acquisition of hardware and software may be
done by a purchasing department -- especially in larger
firms.

Copyright ©2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 33

Sample HW/SW Specification
Standard Client Standard Standard Standard
Web Server Application Database
Server Server
Operating • Windows 10 Pro • Linux • Linux • Linux
System
Special • Real Audio • Apache • Java • Oracle
Software • Adobe Acrobat
Reader
Hardware • 1 TB disk drive • 8 TB disk • 8 TB disk • 32 TB disk drive
• Intel®-Core™ i5-8400 drive drive • RAID
six core processor • Xeon E5- • Xeon E5-4600 • Xeon 28 core
• 22-inch LED Monitor 4600 v4 v4 processor
Network • Always-on • Dual 100 • Dual 100 • Dual 100 Mbps
Broadband, preferred Mbps Mbps Ethernet
Ethernet Ethernet

Copyright ©2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 34

After reading and studying this chapter,
you should be able to: (1 of 2)
• Identify and describe the four basic functions of a
software system.
• Describe the basic premise of the client–server
architecture.
• Explain the difference between thick clients and thin
clients.
• Discuss the “tiered” approach to client–server
architectures.

Copyright ©2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 35

After reading and studying this chapter,
you should be able to: (2 of 2)
• Explain the architectural options for mobile
applications.
• Discuss several ways to create mobile applications and
the pros and cons of each.
• Explain the use of nonfunctional requirements in the
creation of the architecture design.
• Describe the purpose and typical content of the
hardware and software specification.

Copyright ©2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 36

Copyright
Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted in
Section 117 of the 1976 United States Act without the express written permission of the
copyright owner is unlawful. Request for further information should be addressed to the
Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The purchaser may make back-up
copies for his/her own use only and not for distribution or resale. The Publisher assumes
no responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages, caused by the use of these programs
or from the use of the information contained herein.

Copyright ©2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 37