past tenses grammar summary SINPLE PAST: worked, she worked, he didn't work etc PAST PROGRESSIVE (OR PAST CONTINUOUS’): was Working, she was working, he wasn't working etc past tenses English has two ‘past’ tenses. ® We use the simple past for complete finished actions. We often use it in stories. Iwrote ten letters yesterday. Aman walked into a police station and asked .. © We use the past progressive to talk about actions which were unfinished at a past time. What were you doing at 10.00 last night? ‘Iwas writing letters! _ About 6,000 years ago, somebody About 2,200 years ago, painted this picture on a cave wall in Shi Huangdi complet Namibia, south-west Africa the Great Wall of China, Stonehenge, in southern England, is about 4,800 years old. Who built it? Nobody knows. About 1,200 years ago, Vikings from Scandinavia made this beautiful ship. een OTe Ce, eR ek een a out the artist, and we never will. We Rieter seat er eae Pore men eer Ram ary prehistoric cave art, he said ‘We Raa) eeu Meee aces) Ren nica eee aes Renae ear ne er Le Cae ne PAST TENSES 45simple past: forms / worked. | went. Leve REGULAR VERBS IRREGULAR VERBS Vyou/he/she/t/we/they worked you/he/she/it/we/they went LD | did Vyou/he/sherit/we/they work? did /you/he/she/it/we/they go? i | Wyoushe/shert/we/they did not work Wyouhhe/she/it/we/they did not go Contraction: didn't : HOW TO MAKE REGULAR SIMPLE PAST FORMS © mostverbs: +-ed work > worked help > helped rain > rained after +-d hope» hoped like —> liked @ Write the simple past. walk ..Walleed. arrive hate live change pass .. watch .. VERBS ENDING IN -Y © vowel (a,¢,0)+y —> -yed play —> played enjoy —> enjoyed © consonant (d,|,retc)+y —> -ied try —> tried reply > replied © Wite the simple past. stay study cy os annoy ... carry hurry pray .. DOUBLING (stopped planned etc) © one vowel + one consonant —> double consonant +-ed stop —> stopped (NoT stoped) plan —> planned © two vowels: don't double seem —> seemed wait —> waited (NOT waitted) © two consonants: don’t double want —> wanted (NOT wanited) help —> helped © only double in STRESSED syllables _preFER —> preferred BUT WONder —> wondered 8 Write the simple past. shop rain start rob. stim jump shout slip turn . Visit o TeGRET .. deVelop GALlop OPEN svesseesseese ANSWED sesceseesees ROPER . With irregular verbs, you have to learn the simple past forms one by one (see page 299). go—> went see» saw buy —> bought pay —> paid © Write as many ofthe simple past forms as you can. Check them on page 299, and learn the ones that you don't know. become... begin ... break bring .. catch .. forget come .. get. know learn ..... put .. read stand ... take 46 PAST TENSESsimple past: use / /eft school in 1990. Heft school in 1990. I didn't see Ann yesterday. What time did you arrive? Comer YESTERDAY | saw that flm last week. (NOT Heveseer-that-flmtast week) Did you pay Wiliam on Sunday? (NOT Have youpald William-on Sunday?) ° Put the beginnings and ends together, using the verbs the box. le/ forget lean like read speak stop 0 Shakespeare ..2:¢4.. ‘A. birthday on Monday. ..... v1 my ghtfiends B int616. 2 2. That'sa really good book. c my lessons last week. 3. When we were children DI. itlast yea 4 Idide't. E we always... French athome. 5 Where did you F to speak Spanish 50 Well? ss... | started this job three years ago. (NOT... ago-threeyears:) It happened a long time ago. e How long ago was your last birthday? Ten days ago? Five weeks ago? Eight months ago? Write the answer, and complete the other sentences. 1 Mylast birthday was. 3. Last January 2 Last Tuesday was . 4 My third birthday . He parked his car, went into the station and bought a ticket. Then he had a cup of coffee and . © Grammarin a text Put simple past verbs into the story. not see 1-6: come hear open say 7-10: give hold notread take 11-15: run say _notspeak turn write her footsteps inside the him, but then jutside her door for along time. Then he 2... . the door and 4 out. Atfirst she 5.. \h, hello, Harold’He 7. 8 paper out of his pocket and . itinone hand, but to. it-Listenhe 11 you this letter because ~'She 14. and walked slowly down the street, Hes house. She 3. she 6.. ittoher. She » soe «She back into the house. a, oth In some answers, both contracted forms (for example i, don) and full PAST TENSES 47 forms {fr example /am, do not are possible. Normally both are correct.Lev simple past: negatives / did not work. | did not go. STATEMENT [NEGATIVE He cleaned the car. He did not clean the car. (NOT Hedid not cleaned the car) He started early. He did not start early. (NOT He did not starts early) She saw you. She didn’t see you. (NOT Shedidi'tsawyour) John went to Rome. John didn't go to Rome. ° Circle the correct form. » | break /(broké)a cup yesterday. 4 Alina come / came to see us at the weekend, » Ann did not playy played tennis this morning. 5 I didn't see / saw Bill at the party. 1 Harry work / worked last Sunday. 6 Peter didn't write / wrote to me fora long time. 2. Ididn't know / knew where | was. 7 The train did not arrive / arrives on time. 3. I didn't fee! / felt well ast night. 8 Julita didn't like / likes / liked her teacher. © Make simple past negative sentences. » I played hockey last weekend. (football) 1. We spoke Spanish together. (Arabic) ...... 2 My uncle taught mathematics. (science)... 3 Bill cooked the potatoes. (the fish) 4 5 6 7 8 ay fet took my mother to the mountains. (my father)... We told our parents everything, (the police) I wrote to my sister. (my brother). s..eesseee I liked the party. (the music)... We knew her address. (phone number) © Complete the sentences with affirmative (E3) or negative ([El) verbs. > I didn’t break this window, but (the other one 1 brolen tne ober. on. > I worked last week, but (the week before Ei) 1 He didn’t change his trousers, but (his shirt [3) 2 She answered the first question, but (the others El). 3. He phoned her, but (go to her house Ei) 4 I didn't bring any flowers, but (some chocolates 5 6 7 8 9 She didn’t buy a coat, but (a very nice dress E) late the vegetables, but (the meat El) sssscesseessseen We kept the photos, but (the letters El). They didn't speak English, but (German ES) My grandfather shaved on weekdays, but (at weekends © Write five things that you didn’t do yesterday. Ididn't 1 2 3 4 5 48 PAST TENSESsimple past questions Did you pay? What did she say? STATEMENT ES [QUESTION He cleaned the car. Did he clean the car? (NOT Biche cleaned the-car?) The class went to Rome. Where did the class go? (NOT Where did-the class went?) @ Circle the comect form. > | take /‘took) my father to Spain last week. 6 Why did you leave / left your job? Did you\heary heard me? 7 Did Fred speak / spoke to you about Andy? 8 > 1. Did Theo bring / brought his wife with him? Where did that woman keep / kept all her money? 2 When did Gemma start / starts school? 9 Rolf learn / learnt English when he was young. 3. |see/ saw Eric in the supermarket yesterday. 10 Sorry — | forget / forgot to buy milk. 4 The lesson begin / began very late. 11 Did you come / came by train or by bus? 5. How did Oliver break / broke his leg? 12. What did you say / said? © Make simple past questions. 4 7 | James enjoyed the food, but (the music)... e.elees neues She listened to everything, but (remember it El) You didn't pay Ryan, but (the others Ed You liked the book, but (the film El) He played football, but (well Fl). You gave them some help, but (any money’ ‘She wrote to her sister, but (her mother El) He learnt French, but (English El) She got up early, but (early enough Ed) 9 You shut the back door, but (the front door I) 10 They took the children with them, but (the dog I 11 She felt ill on Sunday, but (OK yesterday [) 12. He forgot the name of his hotel, but (the address as well eVaunUNay © Make simple past questions with what, who and where. > Pete saw somebody. John went somewhere. Bill bought something. Alice martied somebody. Mary broke something. Mike stayed somewhere. Joe studied something. Robert studied somewhere. Ann wrote something, 9 Catherine heard somebody. 10 George understood something. 11 Helen forgot something. .......++. 12 Sarah went on holiday somewhere. > For questions without dg ike Who said tht? or What happened? se pages 108-108. In some answers, both contracted forms (for example m, dort) and full PAST TENSES 49 foims (for example lam, dono) are possible. Normally both are correctsimple past: more practice Complete the sentences with affirmative (Ed) verbs, questions (El) or negatives (El She didn’t feel well last night, but (OK this morning “Ibought a new coat yesterday: (shoes too ‘We saw the Eiffel Tower, but (see Notre Dame ES) | didn't learn much French at school, but (afot of Latin | remembered to buy the bread, but (the milk IE) I spoke to Alexia’s father, but (her mother Ei) ‘Peter didn’t phone yesterday: (this morning I). | didn't take the bus to London; (the train 3) | know you went to Singapore, but (Malaysia El)... The train stopped at Edinburgh, but (Glasgow FE) ‘Did the children see a film?’ (two films EY) - ‘Late your cake! (my chocolates too El). 10 studied for the exam, but (enough El). wevauruniveyy © Make simple past questions. > Sarah and her baby came out of hospital. (When) Ann and her brother went on holiday. (Where). Peter's friends gave him a bicycle. (Why) The small woman said something. (What) .. The children bought something. (What) | invited somebody to lunch. (Who) Mary dropped something. (What) : liver beat somebody at tennis. (Who) George wrote to the police. (Why) Rose asked somebody to marry her. (Who) 10 Bruno lived in India. (When) we evansune © Look at the picture, and complete the sentence correctly. A did you remember B did you remembered _doyouremembered D_ did you to remember “That reminds me, dear ~ .. the sandwiches?” 50 PAST TENSESpast progressive* What were you doing at 8.00? At8 o‘dock! was waiting fora train. What were you doing? "What were you doing at 8.00? Were you watching TV?'(NoT What-dictyotrdo...) “At 6.00? No, | wasn’t watching TV. | wes playing cards: (NOT played ...) What were the people doing yesterday evening? Look at the pictures and complete thesentences 1 4 with words from the box. > Use past progressive verbs. 2 A, cooksupper dance drive home not watchTV play cards At9.15 Sarah ‘At 10.30 Fred and Alice At8.20 Keith .... AL7.SO Mary osscsescesenssteneseeeneneseeee ‘At 11.00 Oliver .. AUNGoy STATEMENT: twasraining, Youwereworking. _Allthe chilchen were singing. QUESTION EA: Wasitraining? Were youworking? What wére all the children singing? e Write questions. > Rt 10.00 I was reading! (a newspaper) | na "When I saw Peter he was eating! (what) ..!0//aak.was he entiwa? ‘When I went into Alesha’ office, she was writing’ letters) ‘Atlunchtime Richard was shopping: (where) ‘at 8.30 Anna was cooking’ (what) ‘When | arrived, all the children were crying! (why) ‘at midnight, Liz and Jack were driving’ (to Scotland)... wauNnay © What were you doing at 10 o'clock last night? * Also calledpast continuous In some answers, both contracted forms (for example fm, dont) and full PAST TENSES 51 forms {for example /am, do not) are possible, Normally both are correctBJ simple past or past progressive? | walked / | was walking Joe got up at 7.00 and worked from 9.00 t0 4.00. At8.00, when Joe came home, I was reading. (amas on oo 8.00 Now @ simple pastor past progressive? Soavaousun-vy 1 © Complete the sentences with past progressive verbs. c » > > 1 red / was living in France for eight years. Sue ved fwaslingi France when her uncle died. ‘At 6.15, when you phoned, | had/was having a shower. ‘We watched / were watching TV all evening. Matt watched / was watching TV when Anita came in. My father worked / was working hard all his life. They got married while they studied / were studying at London University. Yesterday we drove / were driving from Oxford to Edinburgh and back. It was @ nice evening, so she walked /was walking home from work | met Sylvie while | worked /was working in Japan. At university | studied /was studying physics ‘When I last saw him he talked /was talking to a policeman. When I got home (the children watch TVEB) ...//08.L.00%. (you cycle If) when you broke yourleg ...V2¢.U2K ciel ‘When I saw Joan (sheJook i) happy. At seven oclock on Friday (we play cards IS) ‘When I saw him he was holding the phone but (talk When Mary got up (itsnow I) When Isaw Alice, (she walk El) very fast ‘What (you do I) at ten o'clock yesterday evening ‘When you heard them, (they talk about m How fast (you drive [fl) when you had the accident The doorbell rang when I (expect IB) anybody I don't know what I (do f) at 10.00 on January 13th, 2005 52 PAST TENSESWhile! was having a bath, While | was talking to my brother, mete 6 eee the phone rang. Billcame in, © Putsimple past and past progressive verbs inthe right places. was wales > While . down the road, | 52%. Bill. (walk; see) 1 While .... the newspaper, the cat .. on to the table. (read, jump) 2 Alan Helen while he in Morocco. (meets travel) 3 Sally her leg while she (break; ski) 4 while! somebody . ny car. (shop: steal) 5 Ruth ime eight times yesterday while | ...esecceseenee . (phone; work) 6 The police : me while |... . home. (stop: drive) 7 A ssssseeuseeessetineesnsees af interesting report on the radio while | seen breakfast. (hear; have) & Dad . to sleep again while he . TV. (go: watch) 9 while 1 a glass. (wash up; break) 10 1. myhand while... scvsseee inthe kitchen, (cut: work) 11 When t.. the house Itook my coat because I (leave; snow) 12. When... the door they . ~. about me. (open; talk) 13. The telephone sens While L sesseenen lunch, (ring; cook) 14 When Ilast .. . from Harry he in Portugal. (hear; work) © Correct (v) or not (x)? 1 This morning | listened to the news before | was going out. | walked up to the policeman and asked him the way to the station. ‘When Ann arrived | was writing letters. The cat was bringing in a mouse while | was having breakfast. ...... | didn't go out because when | looked out of the window it rained. ‘When | went to sleep the teacher was talking about grammar. .. The teacher was still talking about grammar when | woke up. .....- Jenny and Takashi got married while she worked in Tokyo. © Putin words from the box, in the simple past or past progressive. Ie was a beautiful morning, The sun > and birds toc cnsesnsnnnsn About five thousand people 2.. in front of the palace. At 10.00, the guards 3... the Palace gates, and the President's car 4 seoseeeneeee Out and 5. leftinto Denociny ste The crowds 6. "to sing the National Anthem. The President's car 7 tight into Constitution Square. Then suddenly, JUSCaS 8... the Ritz Hotel a man front of tand 10. a gun from his pocket. In some answers, both contracted forms for example fm, dort) and full PAST TENSES 53 forms (for example fam, do not) are possible, Normally both are correctpast tenses: more practice @ Simple past. Make sentences. . > the train stop /at every station El nf when/myletter/ arrive EA ..YViei Otel uuu igter anve?, the doctor / remember / my name [B ‘what / all those people / want Ei all your brothers / send you / birthday cards eae the baby /eat/ some toothpaste this morning the teacher answer /my question El I/lose / my keys again yesterday ES anybody / phone / while | was out [El The Prime Minister / tell / us that things were getting better Nous My friends and I/ believe / the Prime Minister [Bl / mea birthday present EI. 10 What time / you / get up/ today El @ Past progressive. Complete the sentences with past progressive verbs. > When | walked in (the children fight 8) 5! fighting. > What (you do I) in my office when Icamein fees you dota, > When I had the accident (/drive Ea fast 1 At 9.00 on Sunday (we watch TV ES) 2. When | saw him he was holding a paper, but (read FE) 3. When you heard them, (they speak English FE) 4 When you got home, what (the children do 5 Anna arrived when | (expect El) her 6. don't know what | (do EB) at 6.00 on February 18th 7 When I looked out of the window it (snow E3) again 8 had to drive to work because the trains (run El) 9. How fast (youdrive El) when the police caught you... 10 When I saw Peter, he (stand f) and looking up at my window © Simple past and past progressive. Put in the correct verb forms. > They ..22!2.... the police that they ../2!¢.PLH"2.., cards at 10.00. (tell play) 1 When! out of the house I took my umbrella because it (go; ain) 2 This moming |. the newspaper before | went out. (read) 3B cseareseee YOU sesesese the football match last night? (watch) 4. When I... into the room they about clothes. (wal; talk) 5 AtBoclockyesterday morning | inthe sea. (swim) 6 I walked up to the classroom window and sve in, The teacher but nobody .. (look; talk; isten) 7 The telephone 8 This time last Friday .. = a5 usual, while | a bath. (ring; have) on the beach. (lie) 9 Why srsssssseees YOU sssseeessss home early yesterday? (go) 10 When | first John he .. found the world. (meet; travel) 54 PAST TENSES© Grammar in a text. Complete the text with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. Yesterday | > (get up) ..22% 22. .. at 7.00, When | 1 (look) ...... bese window it 2 (rain) ..... i .., exactly like every other day this week. «1 4 (get dressed) .. ‘out of the 13 (wash) ee . 5 (GIVE) sarsessesanineerstseeseeee the Cat his breakfast, and 6 make). coffee. 7 | (noteat) . anything, because Im never hungty in the morning, Then | 8(g0) . to the bus stop and 9 (wait) .- for the bus.It 10 not arrive). 7 1 8 USUAL S01 11 (WAIK) -sceeseee tothe office. While 12 (walk)... se ssceur decided once again that it was time to find another job ~ one with a car. When 113 (arrive). . = Nobody 1 (Work) = - is everybody (talk) .. aii about the weather. The boss 16 (come in) this 18 (not make) desk and 20 (start) and 17 (tell) much difference. 19 (st down) ». . thinking about football . everybody to start working, but at my © crammar AND VOCABULARY. Make sure you know all the words in the box. Use a dictionary if necessary. Then try to correct the mistakes, Find the answers on the internet if necessary. build climb compose discover make invent paint write > Galileowrote ‘Hamlet! ..Gatitee discovered the moons of jupiter > Shakespeare discovered the moons of Jupiter. ..S/i#leespeave wrote ‘Hamlett 1 2 Mozart built the Eiffel Tower... Leonardo da inci directed‘Wan the Terible: Shah Jehan invented dynamite... 4 Alfred Nobel wrote the song Help! Sergei Eisenstein built the Taj Mahal. Gustave Eiffel wrote *Pride and Prejudice! . Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay composedThe Marriage of Figaro! Marie Curie first climbed Mount Everest. John Lennon and Paul McCartney discovered radium. answers, if necessary. ‘Alexander Fleming Giuseppe Verdi Rembrandt van Rijn... Edmund Whymper Mary Shelley .sssccseneee ? Stephanie Kwolek — Christopher Wren ...sceneessee Akira Kurosawa PAST TENSES 5Srevision test past tense: @ Write the simple past forms. arrive .20YME2.. become .. begin ... break bring .. buy .. change .. ay. develop . feel 90 hope leave like. pay . stay... watch WHE seosesesseees WOTK « StOP oss © Circle the correct forms. > Why didn't youlphoné/ phones /phoned ? 1 Inthe afternoon the rain stoped / stopped. 2 You never visited /visitted me in hospital. 3. When arrived she was makeing / making coffee. 4 My mother didn't feel /felt well yesterday. 5 We usually speak / spoke French in my family when Iwasa child. 6 Henry didn’t told /tell the police anything. 7. Did you like /liked the film? 8 I didn't saw seen /see the accident. 9 John phoned / was phoning just when | went / was going out. 0. I played / was playing football a lot when | was at school © Put in simple past or past progressive verbs. > He fold his wife that he ..2225. RLAUL2... chess at midnight. (el; play) 1 asa translator for two years. (work) 2 asa translator when she _. Roger. (work; meet) 3 her purse while she (lose; shop) 4 .. John all evening. (listen to) 5 my car, Ellie to talk to me. (clean; stop) 6 nies my hand while! . (burn; cook) TRICK sassenee jes WHEN EMMA veeeseres /sssseeee home, (read; come) 8 My mother .. in Dublin all her life. (live) 9 While she ..in Chicago she (study; get) 0 The police him while he .. out of the bank. (catch; run) © Each sentence has one or two mistakes. Correct them. > looked out of the window, and I was-sceing that it rained. Yesterday we were driving from London to Bristol and back. ‘At university | was studied engineering. Why you were crying when I came in? Iwas begining to get tired, so was going home, sesvcsessussssenstssenesees We payed the bill and leaved the restaurant. .. While I was shoping, somebody was stealing my bicycle. sssecsesssvnseesseeneesne The doorbell ringed while | was cleaning the flat. Itwas a warm day, so we opening all the windows. raion resonates ‘What time you was got up this morning? .. I did lost my keys somewhere when | walked home this evening. Sowmvansune 56 PAST TENSES In some answers, both contracted forms (for example, dont) and full forms for example lam, donot) are possible, Normally both are correct