Ange & Bisco Shoppies

UNIVERSITY OF DSCHANG
UNIVERSITY INTITUTE THE GULF OF GUINEA

ADVANCED SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT
Professional Bachelor’s Degree
INVESTING IN A BUSINESS
THE CASE OF CLASSIC SUPPER MARKET
(ANGE & COCO SHOPPIES)
Written and presented by

By
NAHBILA BISCOLLETE NWANA
&
NANGA MARIE ANGELE CHE
Level III Students
Specialty: Management Accounting
Under the supervision of:
MR. TCHIENGANG PEGUY

2021/2022
ACADEMIC YEAR
INVESTING IN A BUSINESS: THE CASE OF CLASSIC SUPPER MARKET
CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that, this project entitled “INVESTING IN A CLASSIC

SUPER MARKET” was written and presented by NAHBILA BISCOLLETE
and NANGA MARIE to meet the partial requirement and regulations
governing the award of the Professional Bachelor’s Degree in Management
Accounting (PBD MA).
Academic supervisor
Mr. TCHIENGANG PEGUY
Lecturer in IUG
Signature: ________________
Date: ___________________
Written and presented by: NAHBILA BISCOLLETE and NANGA MARIE ii

DEDICATION
TO all
ENTREPRENEURS
Written and presented by: NAHBILA BISCOLLETE and NANGA MARIE iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
A piece of work of this nature could not be realized without the help of friends
and family. To begin,
✓ We wish to express our heartfelt gratitude to our academic supervisor, Mr.

TCHIENGANG PEGUY for his constructive criticism and suggestions
towards the realization of this work.
✓ We wish to equally thank the proprietor of University Institute of the Gulf of

Guinea and the teaching staff of the Accounting Department for nurturing us
with basic concepts that contributed to the accomplishment of this work.
✓ Our appreciations go to the entire IUG staff for giving us the opportunity to
be one of them and for their encouragement throughout our stay in the
institution.
✓ We wish to equally thank all our course mates for their collaboration and
contribution towards the realization of this work.
✓ Above all, we thank the Almighty God for good health, strength and the
ability to keep track with our studies up to this level.
Written and presented by: NAHBILA BISCOLLETE and NANGA MARIE iv

PREFACE
Towards the end of the 20th century in Cameroon, with an explosion in

industrial activities there was a need for professionals to carry out activities in
both private and public sector. It was in this light that politicians and
administrators decided to intensify and diversify professional training across the
national territory.
This inspired Mr. Louis Marie Djambou with the initiative of creating the
“Ecole Superieur de Gestion” (E.S.G) in 1993 under decree No:
008/CAB/RR/10/01/93. As time went on, (in 2005), he further created the
“Institute Superior de Technologie Advancee” under a ministerial authorization
No: 05/002 and 05/0038/MINISUP (ISTA). One year later, the Anglophone
section of this institution was born to prepare holders of Baccalaureate and
General Certificate of Education (GCE) Advance level for the Higher National
Diploma (HND). In 2009 a new section for medical personnel’s known as
“Institute Superieur des Sciences Appliqués” was introduced. Today the school
has been upgraded to “Institute Universitaire Du Golf De Guinee ESG-ISTA-
ISA” and also offers Bachelor and Master degrees in the following specialties:
• ACCOUNTING
• BANKING AND FINANCE
• ELECTRICITY & ELECTRONICS
• EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAL STUDIES
• LABORATORY TECHNICS
Written and presented by: NAHBILA BISCOLLETE and NANGA MARIE v

• MANAGEMENT
• MARKETING
• NURSING
• PUBLIC HEALTH TECHNICIANS
• TELE COMMUNICATIONS
• TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS
As such students have to undergo a three years rigorous training whereby at the
end of the second year after obtaining the HND, they are obliged to submit a
tutored project as part of the Professional Bachelor Degree examination.
(P.B.D).
Written and presented by: NAHBILA BISCOLLETE and NANGA MARIE vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CERTIFICATION .................................................................................................... ii
DEDICATION ......................................................................................................... iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................... iv
PREFACE ..................................................................................................................v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................ vii
CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................1
1.1 GENERAL BACKGROUND ....................................................................................... 1
1.2. PROBLEM STATEMENT .......................................................................................... 2
1.3. SIGNIFICANCE OR INTEREST OF THE PROJECT ............................................... 2
1.4. METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................... 3
CHAPTER TWO .......................................................................................................4
CORPORATE CONCEPT.........................................................................................4
SECTION 1: INTERNAL ENVIROMENT OF THE FIRM .............................................. 4
2.1.1. CORPORATE DESCRIPTION ................................................................................ 4
2.1.2. Executive Summary ................................................................................................... 5
2.1.3. OUR PRODUCTS AND SERVICES .................................................................... 6
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2.1.4. Our Mission and Vision Statement............................................................................ 7
2.1.5. THE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE SUPERMARKET ................. 7
2.1.6. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES AND THEIR JOB DESCRIPTIONS ............. 9
2.1.6.1. Job Roles and Responsibilities ............................................................................... 9
CHAPTER THREE: FEASIBILITY .......................................................................17
3.1. MARKET RESEARCH ............................................................................................. 17
Competitive Advantage ..................................................................................................... 18
3.2. Funding the business ................................................................................................. 19
3.3. MARKETING AND PROMOTION .......................................................................... 20
3.4.THE ACCOUNTING OF THE BUSINESS ............................................................... 21
CHAPTER FOUR ....................................................................................................24
STRATEGIC ANALYSIS AND CORPORATE MODEL .....................................24
4.1. THE INCOME STATEMENT. .................................................................................. 24
4.1.1 INCOMES ................................................................................................................ 24
4.1.2. EXPENDITURES. .................................................................................................. 27
4.2. TABULAR DEMONSTRATION OF THE INCOME STATEMENT. .................... 28
4.3. THE BALANCE SHEET. .......................................................................................... 29
4.4. TABULAR DEMONSTRATION OF THE BALANCE SHEET ............................. 31
4.5. SALES AND MARKETING STRATEGY ............................................................... 32
Sales Forecast .................................................................................................................... 33
Written and presented by: NAHBILA BISCOLLETE and NANGA MARIE viii
Marketing Strategy and Sales Strategy.............................................................................. 34
Publicity and Advertising Strategy .................................................................................... 35
Pricing Strategy ................................................................................................................. 37
Payment Options................................................................................................................ 37
Startup Expenditure (Budget) ............................................................................................ 38
Generating Funding / Startup Capital for ANGE AND COCO SHOPPIES ..................... 40
CHAPTER FIVE......................................................................................................42
LIMITATION AND CONCLUSION .....................................................................42
5.1: LIMITATIONS ......................................................................................................... 42
5.2. GENERAL CONCLUSION ....................................................................................... 43
Written and presented by: NAHBILA BISCOLLETE and NANGA MARIE ix

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL BACKGROUND

It has been proven over and over again that supermarkets; groceries store or
convenience store as it is popularly called in some countries is one of the
businesses that can easily survive in any part of the world as long as it is
situated in place where people live and work. The good thing about establishing
a standard supermarket is that, if you are successful in building your brand, you
can easily sell your franchise to investors and that will translate to more money.
Starting a supermarket that would enjoy continuous high patronage, entails
carrying out feasibility studies to enable the investor to know the ideal place to
situate the supermarket, the goods that are in high demand in the community,
and loads of other factors that will help plan and achieve the business goals.
Starting a supermarket business is a highly profitable venture. Despite the state
of the economy and what the status quo might be, the demand for basic goods
and services never stops. The day to day lives of everyone involves the use of
grocery items and other related goods or services. The place where convenience
is provided for customers who seek such things daily is the supermarket. This
demonstrates that starting a supermarket business is a worthy undertaking
because there’s an inexhaustible, ever-growing and ever-evolving market. There
are still many opportunities for small and medium-sized firms to specialize in
the supermarket business. Some people prefer a much more intimate
Written and presented by: NAHBILA BISCOLLETE and NANGA MARIE 1

relationship with their grocery store and that is why supermarkets remain one of
the most popular business ideas for entrepreneurs.
1.2. PROBLEM STATEMENT

The birth of new supermarkets and changing business environment is driving
the surge in accounting services.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this project are to enable us to have a practical knowledge on

establishing a business plan and to know how supermarkets operate. This will
also enable us to maximize profit and to minimize losses and also not to have
failures in our businesses in the future.
1.3. SIGNIFICANCE OR INTEREST OF THE PROJECT

This project is vital because we learn so many important things concerning
business and how to manage a supermarket. This is also important because it
helps us and other individuals who are interested in business but do not have the
knowledge to manage it to be able to establish and manage a small business for
themselves and to get themselves employed and to be able to earn a living. This
will reduce unemployment rate in the society. Also, the formulation of this
project will help me achieve my Bachelor of Technology in Management
Accounting.
On the other hand, the Cameroonian community can derive benefit from this
work because it will increase the rate of employment in the community. Good
managers will hence be trained and evaluated through the process. To the
Professors, students and future researchers, this research will aid them in their

discussions regarding related lessons. It will be easier for them to tackle related
topics about this research. This research will be a useful reference for student
and researchers who would plan to make any related study precisely in the
supermarket business module.
Finally, this plan will help me achieve my Bachelor of Technology (B-Tech) in

Management Accounting and also help me gain deep and inside knowledge on
business practices in Cameroon.
1.4. METHODOLOGY
This project is developed based on the qualitative and quantitative information
gotten from the field. Quantitative data include information found on the
appendices while qualitative data is gotten from primary and secondary sources
e.g., asking questions to some workers in supermarkets and discussing with
people involved in frequently purchasing from supermarkets.
Information of this project is arranged chronologically as follows;
Chapter one brings out a general presentation of super markets.

Chapter two brings out a critical analysis of our super market and various post
of responsibility for workers
Chapter three explains the firm’s practices vis–vis the problems it may face.
Chapter four talks on the limitations and suggestions based on the project.
The work then closes with a General Conclusion.

CHAPTER TWO
CORPORATE CONCEPT
SECTION 1: INTERNAL ENVIROMENT OF THE FIRM
2.1.1. CORPORATE DESCRIPTION

It is a known fact that supermarket and grocery store business has been in
existence for as long as human started trading goods, but one thing is certain,
the supermarket and grocery store industry is still evolving. The introduction of
technology and subsequently online grocery cum retail store has indeed helped
in reshaping the industry. As a matter of fact, it is now a common trend for
supermarkets and grocery outlets to leverage on technology to effectively
predict consumer demand patterns and to strategically position their shop to
meet their needs; in essence, the use of technology help retailers to maximize
supply chain efficiencies. No doubt data collected from customers goes a long
way to help supermarkets and grocery stores serve them better.
Another common trend in the supermarket and grocery store industry is the
pricing system. Aside from having varieties of products in a store, one of the
easiest ways for supermarket and grocery stores to sell the goods on their racks
as fast as they can and keep re – stocking is to ensure that the prices of their
goods are a bit lower than what is obtainable in elsewhere. For example, it is
common to see items with prices in this format; 3999 F CFA, 9999 F CFA and

19999 F CFA as against 4000 F CFA, 10000 F CFA and 2000 F CFA.
Supermarkets and grocery stores also engage in massive clearance sales and
discount sales to attract customers. It is a strategy that helps them welcome new
customers and also reinforce the loyalty of old customers.
2.1.2. Executive Summary

ANGE & COCO SHOPPIES will be a standard and licensed supermarket business that
will be located in between one of the largest residential towns and business
district in Cameroon. We can successfully secure a standard warehouse facility
that is big enough to fit into the design of the kind of supermarket that we intend
launching. ANGE & COCO SHOPPIES will retail a wide range of durable
goods and non – durable goods at affordable prices from different brands and
manufacturers both from the United States of America and other countries of the
world and even from Cameroon. We are aware that there are several large and
small chains of supermarket or grocery store outlets all around Douala, which is
why we spent time and resources to conduct a thorough feasibility studies and
market survey so we can be well prepared to offer much more than our
competitors will be offering. We will make available self-service options for
our customers, and also various payments of options. Apart from retailing the
goods and products of top brands in the manufacturing and food industry, our
customer care will be second to none in the whole of Douala with time. We
know that our customers are the reason why we are in business which is why we
will go the extra mile to get them satisfied when they visit our grocery store and
also to become our loyal customers and ambassadors. ANGE & COCO SHOPPIES will
ensure that all our customers are given first class treatment whenever they visit

our grocery store. We will get a CRM software that will enable us manage a one
on one relationship with our customers no matter how large the numbers of our
customers’ base may grow to. We will ensure that we get our customers
involved in the selection of brands that will be on our racks and also when
making some business decisions. We are aware of the trend in the retail or
supermarket and grocery store industry and we are not only going to operate a
system where our customers would have to come to our store to make purchase
or whatever they want but we will also operate an online store and our
customers can order goods cum groceries online and they will get it delivered to
their houses or any location they want us to deliver the goods to within Douala.
ANGE & COCO SHOPPIES will be a partnership business that is owned by Nwana
Biscollete and Nanga Marie and others who will want to be part of it. Nwana
Biscollete has an HND in Accounting, with a little experience in the industry,
working for some of super markets in town. Although the business is launching
out with just one outlet in Douala, there is a plan to open chains of supermarket
stores all across Cameroon in the nearest future.
2.1.3. OUR PRODUCTS AND SERVICES

ANGE & COCO SHOPPIES is in the supermarket and grocery store industry and
we will ensure we go all the way to make available a wide range of goods and
products from top manufacturing brands in the United States and other countries
of the world. We will have available in our store a wide range of durable goods
and non – durable goods at affordable prices. Our product offerings are listed
below;
• Fruit and vegetables

• Clothes
• Beauty products and jewelry
• Children’s toys and baby stuffs
• Home furnishings and home appliances
• Fresh and frozen meat
• Dairy products
• Beverages (including alcohol)
• Drugs and health products

2.1.4. Our Mission and Vision Statement
• Our vision is to become one of the leading brands in the supermarket and
grocery store industry in Cameroon and to open chains of supermarket
stores all across key cities in Cameroon.
• Our mission is to establish a supermarket business that will make

available a wide range of goods and products from top manufacturing /
production brands at affordable prices to the residence of Douala and
other cities in Cameroon where we intend opening of chains of our
supermarket stores.
2.1.5. THE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE SUPERMARKET

Ange and Coco shoppies may start a supermarket business like the usual mom
and pop business around but not for a long time. our intention of starting a
supermarket business is to build a standard and one stop supermarket outlet in
Douala. So, in less than no time we intend to be one of the most popular
supermarkets in Cameroon.

Although our supermarket business might not be as big as Carrefour or

MAHIMA, but will ensure that we put the right structure in place that will
support the kind of growth that we have in mind while setting up the business.
We will ensure that we hire people that are qualified, honest, customer centric
and are ready to work to help us build a prosperous business that will benefit all
the stake holders (the owners, workforce, and customers). As a matter of fact,
profit-sharing arrangement will be made available to all our senior management
staff and it will be based on their performance for a period of five years or more.
In view of that, we have decided to hire qualified and competent hands to

occupy the following positions;
• Chief Executive Officer (Owner)
• Supermarket Manager
• Human Resources and Admin Manager
• Merchandize Manager
• Sales and Marketing Manager
• Information Technologist
• Accountants / Cashiers
• Customer Services Executive
• Cleaners

2.1.6. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES AND THEIR JOB

DESCRIPTIONS
2.1.6.1. Job Roles and Responsibilities

Chief Executive Officer – CEO:
• The chief executive officer will increase management’s effectiveness by

recruiting and disciplining managers.
• He will create the organization’s vision, mission, and overall direction.
• He is responsible for fixing prices and signing business deals
• He is responsible for providing direction for the business
• He will lead the company to development and implementation of the

overall organization’s strategy.
• He is responsible for signing checks and documents on behalf of the

company
• He evaluates the success of the organization
Admin and HR Manager
• He/she is responsible for overseeing the smooth running of HR and

administrative tasks for the organization
• He will maintain office supplies by checking stocks and by placing new

orders.
• He/she ensures operation of equipment by completing preventive

maintenance requirements; calling for repairs.
• He updates job knowledge by participating in educational opportunities.
• He/she enhances department and organization reputation by accepting

ownership for accomplishing new and different requests.

• He/she defines job positions and manages interview processes.
• He/she carries out staff induction for new team members
• Responsible for training, evaluation and assessment of employees
Supermarket Manager:
• He/she is responsible for managing the daily activities in the supermarket
• He/she ensures that proper records of goods are kept and our racks and
warehouse does not run out of products
• He /she ensure that the store facilities is in a great shape and goods are
properly arranged and easy to locate
• He/she Interfaces with third – party suppliers (vendors)
• He/she control goods distribution and supply inventory
• He / she supervise the workforce in the supermarket sales floor.
Merchandize Manager
• He/ she manages vendor relations, market visits, and the ongoing
education and development of the organizations’ buying teams
• He / she helps to ensure consistent quality of goods and products on our

rack
• He / she is responsible for the purchase of goods and products for the
organizations
• He / she is responsible for planning sales and monitoring inventory.
• He/she ensures that the organization operates within stipulated budget.

Sales and Marketing Manager
• He/ she manages external research and coordinate all the internal sources
of information to retain the organizations’ best customers and attract new
ones
• He/she models demographic information and analyze the volumes of

transactional data generated by customer purchases
• He/ she will Identify, prioritize, and reach out to new partners, and
business opportunities t al
• He/ she Identifies development opportunities.
• He/ she will be responsible for supervising implementation, advocate for

the customer’s needs, and communicate with clients
• He/ she will develop, execute and evaluate new plans for expanding
increase sales
• He/ she will Document all customer contact and information
• Represent the company in strategic meetings
• He / she will help increase sales and growth for the company
Information Technologist
• Manages the organization website
• Handles ecommerce aspect of the business
• Responsible for installing and maintenance of computer software and

hardware for the organization
• Manages logistics and supply chain software, Web servers, e-commerce

software and POS (point of sale) systems
• Manage the organization’s CCTV

• Handles any other technological and IT related duties.
Accountant / Cashier:
• Responsible for preparing financial reports, budgets, and financial

statements for the organization
• Provides managements with financial analyses, development budgets, and

accounting reports; analyzes financial feasibility for the most complex
proposed projects; conducts market research to forecast trends and
business conditions.
• Responsible for financial forecasting and risks analysis.
• Performs cash management, general ledger accounting, and financial

reporting
• Responsible for developing and managing financial systems and policies
• Responsible for administering payrolls
• Ensuring compliance with taxation legislation
• Handles all financial transactions for the organization
• Serves as internal auditor for the organization
Client Service Executive
• Ensures that all contacts with clients (e-mail, walk-In center, SMS or
phone) provides the client with a personalized customer service
experience of the highest level
• Through interaction with customers on the phone, uses every opportunity

to build client’s interest in the company’s products and services
• Manages administrative duties assigned by the human resources and

admin manager in an effective and timely manner

• Consistently stays abreast of any new information on the organizations’

products, promotional campaigns etc. to ensure accurate and helpful
information is supplied to customers when they make enquiries
Cleaners:
• Responsible for cleaning the supermarket facility at all times
• Ensure that toiletries and supplies don’t run out of stock
• Cleans both the interior and exterior of the supermarket facility
• Handle any other duty as assigned by the supermarket manager.

SECTION 2: EXTERNAL ENVIROMENT OF THE FIRM
After lining up financing, finding a suitable location, hiring and organizing a

potential successful business plan, you must turn to external factors to
effectively predict your future. External factors can involve the supermarkets
position as part of a chain of other supermarkets and the constrains and
opportunities that comes with such a position in the industry. In addition,
external market conditions may be beyond control. However, contingency plans
may be put in place to deal with outside influence that affect the business,
sometimes the best thing to be done is just to improvise when such uncertainties
occur.
2.2.1 SWOT ANALYSIS
We are well informed that there are several supermarkets and grocery stores all
around Douala and even in the same location where we intend opening our
supermarket, which is why we are following the due process of establishing a
business.
We know that if a proper SWOT analysis is conducted for our business, we will
be able to position our business to maximize our strength, leverage on the
opportunities that will be available to us, mitigate our risks and be welled
equipped to confront our threats.
ANGE & COCO shoppies will employ the services of an expert HR and
Business Analyst with bias in retailing to help us conduct a thorough SWOT
analysis and to help us create a business model that will help us achieve our

business goals and objectives. This is the summary of the initial SWOT analysis
that was conducted for ANGE & COCO shoppies;
• Strength:
Besides our competent team/ workforce, our location, the business model we
will be operating on (physical store and online store), varieties of payment
options, wide range of products and our excellent customer service culture will
definitely count as a strong strength for ANGE & COCO shoppies.
• Weakness:
One major weakness that may count against us is the fact that we will be a
supermarket outlet in Douala and we don’t have the financial capacity to
compete with multi – billion dollars supermarket and grocery store outlets like
SANTA LUCIA, CARREFOUR, MAHIMA etc. and when it comes to retailing
at a rock bottom prices for all their goods.
• Opportunities:
The fact that we shall operate our supermarket in the Douala Grand Mall
provides us with unlimited opportunities to sell our goods to a large number of
people coming from Home and abroad.
We have been able to conduct thorough feasibility studies and market survey
and we know what our potential clients will be looking for when they visit our
supermarket; we are well positioned to take on the opportunities that will come
our way.

• Threat:
One of the major threats that we are likely going to face when we launch our
supermarket business is economic downturn. It is a fact that economic downturn
affects purchasing or spending power. Another threat that may likely confront
us is the arrival of a new supermarket, grocery store or retail outlet in same
location where ours is located.

CHAPTER THREE: FEASIBILITY
3.1. MARKET RESEARCH

Target Market
It will be safe to categorically state that the supermarket and grocery store industry
has the widest range of customers; everybody on planet earth has one or more
things that they would need in a supermarket or grocery store. It is difficult to find
people around who don’t patronize supermarket and grocery stores. In view of that,
we have positioned our supermarket store to service the residence of Douala and
every other key cities. We have conducted our market research and we have ideas
of what our target market would be expecting from us. We are in business to retail
a wide range of goods and groceries to the following groups of people;
• Households
• Corporate organizations
• Bachelors and Spinsters
• Corporate Executives
• Business People
• About to wed couples
• Expectant Mothers
• Sports Men and Women
• Students

• Tourists
Competitive Advantage
• Research and studies carried out in the supermarket and grocery store
industry reveals that the market has become much more intensely
competitive over the last decade. As a matter of fact, ANGE AND COCO
SHOPPIES has to be highly creative, customer centric and proactive to
survive in this industry. We are aware of the stiffer competition and we are
well prepared to compete favorably with other leading supermarkets and
grocery stores in Douala.
• ANGE AND COCO SHOPPIES is launching a standard and highly secured
supermarket business that will indeed become the preferred choice of
residence of Douala. Our supermarket will be located in the Douala Grand
Mall on a busy road leading to the Douala international Airport.
• The Grand Mall has enough parking lots that can accommodate well over 50
cars per time. We will ensure that we have a wide range of products from
different manufacturers available in our store at all times. It will be difficult
for customers to visit our store and not find the product that they are looking
for.
• One of our business goals is to make ANGE AND COCO SHOPPIES a one
stop shop. Our excellent customer service culture, online store, various
payment options and highly secured facility will serve as a competitive
advantage for us.
• Lastly, our employees will be well taken care of, and their welfare package
will be among the best within our category (startups supermarkets and

grocery stores) in the industry meaning that they will be more than willing to
build the business with us and help deliver our set goals and achieve all our
aims and objectives. We will also give good working conditions and
commissions to freelance sales agents that we will recruit from time to time.
3.2. Funding the business

We intend to go raise start-up funds from the following:
Personal resources.
People generally have more assets than they realize, including savings accounts,
retirement accounts, equity in real estate, recreation equipment, vehicles,
collections and other investments. We may opt to sell assets for cash or use
them as collaterals for a loan.
Family and friends. The logical next step after gathering own resources will be
to approach friends and relatives who believe in us and want to help us succeed.
We will be cautious with these arrangements; no matter how close we are with a
person; we will put everything in writing and be sure the individuals we
approach can afford to take the risk in investing in our business.
Partners. Using the‟ strength in numbers” principle, we will look around for
someone who may want to team up with us in our venture. we may choose
someone who has financial resources and want to work side by side with us in
our business or may find someone who has money to invest but no interest in
doing the actual work. We will make sure to create a written partnership
agreement that clearly defines our respective responsibilities and obligations.
And choose our partner carefully-especially when it comes to family members.

Government programs. We will take advantage of the abundant local, state

and federal programs design to support small businesses.
3.3. MARKETING AND PROMOTION

Every business needs a marketing plan, and a supermarket is no exception. But
even as we consider various marketing vehicles, we always keep this in mind:
research reveals that the word-of- mouth is still the best method of advertising.
More than four out of five businesses are likely to choose the services of a
supermarket they haven’t patronized before on the basis of a recommendation
from a family member or friend. So, we make the foundation of our marketing
program an absolutely dazzling experience that customers will want to talk
about and repeat.
We ask every new customer how they found out about us, and make a note of
this information so we know how well our various marketing efforts are
working.
The first step in creating a complete marketing package is to know our market,
and it’s not enough to gather demographic information once. Service businesses
which don’t change their marketing strategies with population’s shifts are
missing out on a lot of opportunities.
Next, step back and take a look at each element in our facility. Everything from
the parking lot to the interior décor to the printed items contributes to our
marketing message and each should be an accurate inflection of what the
message is. One cheap and easy way to promote our business is by giving away
discounts. Call local radio stations that reach the demographics of our target

markets and ask to speak to their promotions manager. Our company name and
location will be announced several times on air during radio contest, providing
us with valuable free exposure.
Some other promotion methods we will try include: local event or team
sponsorship and partnership with non-governmental organisations.
3.4.THE ACCOUNTING OF THE BUSINESS

Though the future looks brighter for super markets overall, there is no guarantee
in this business. Even the most successful operators will tell you this is not a
“get rich quick” industry. It’s more like a “work heard and make a living”
industry.
A heard reality is that, many supermarkets fail during their first year, due to lack
of knowledge in the treatment of their various departmental accounts. But it
doesn’t mean starting the business has to be an extremely complex operation.
An accounting department provides accounting service and financial support to

the organization it belongs. The department records accounts payable and
receivable, inventory, payroll, fixed assets and all other financial elements. The
department’s accounts review the record of each department to determine the
business financial position and changes required to run the organization cost
effectively.
Accounts payable and receivable
The accounts payable section of an accounting department records goods and

services that is receives and the payments it owes such as inventory from

suppliers or other expenses. The department records each account payable as a

liability and accounts receivable as assets such as revenue and customers’
obligation pay for goods and services.
Payroll
The accounting department ensures that the organization pays its employees
accurately, including bonuses, commissions and benefits. The departments
monitor employees’ time off, vacations and sick days. It pays the government
taxes and other withholding from an employees pay check. The department
reimburses employees for expenses and makes payments to vendors.
Inventory
A business inventory is the goods owned for the purpose of service rendering.
Inventory is usually sold within a year. An accounting department watches the
cost of inventory over a specific period against its revenues to ensure that the
cost of raw materials, labour and overhead do not negatively impact cash flow.
The accounting department tries to find a balance between high inventory levels
that satisfy customers but are costly to the business and low inventory levels
that satisfy the business expenses but may dissatisfy customers.
Fixed assets
In order to function effectively, an industry may need machinery, equipment,

vehicles and other fixed assets it used over several years. The accounting
department is responsible for recording fixed assets on a balance sheet with
depreciation. Fixed assets could be intangible--such as goodwill or a trademark-

-or tangible such as machinery. As the industry needs to upgrade to remain

competitive, its financial statements will determine what the business can
afford.

CHAPTER FOUR
STRATEGIC ANALYSIS AND CORPORATE

MODEL
Strategic analysis refers to the process of conducting research on a

company and its operating environment to formulate a strategy. In this chapter,
we are going to examine the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Trends
of operating the Accounting business. This will be done basically on income
statement and balance sheet analysis. We will also elaborate on the income of
the firm, its expenditure and a critical demonstration of its balance sheet.
4.1. THE INCOME STATEMENT.

An income statement is a financial statement which shows a profit or loss
generated within a financial year of an organization. It also shows the
company’s income and expenditures. It is made up of two major sections; the
profit and loss section and the net profit or loss section.
4.1.1 INCOMES
Income can be regarded as the money that an individual or business receives in
exchange for providing labour, producing a good or service or through investing
capital. Individuals most often earn wages through wages or salary and tax
authorities treat income earned through various means differently.

RUNNING AND YIELDING INCOMES FROM THE SUPERMARKET
This is the most important department of the business because income

generation is always the main aim of a business. In this department, some of the
ways of starting on the right side of the income curve are;
Sales. The most significant megatrend in the industry is that incomes are
steadily increasing. To sell premium products, your staffs need to understand
what they are and what makes them worth the price you are asking. They also
need to be taught to place an emphasis on service. Competent training improved
staff performance, which in turn, positively impact sales.
Infusions. These are dynamic ways to boost revenues. For instance, creating
something exciting, something that competition can’t duplicate. When you
create a wining infusion, there is a possibility that you will get a greater market
share.
Some of the ways in building supermarkets revenue though creativity than

simply increasing the prices are as follows;
Make sure all of your product costs are in line with the average pricing level of
other similar supermarkets in the industry. Remember, this is an average. The
key to a pricing strategy is perception and cost balance. If you aren’t tracking it,
you won’t know if you are in line or not. If you are tracking it, you should be on
the constant lookout of prices going out and always asking your clients for the
best possible deal and viable alternative.
Analyse profit margin as closely as you analyse price.

Remember, remind your employees what business they are in. They work on
salary and, depending on what they do, they also realized increased revenue
while you realized more profits. Figure out who your best suites a function and
ask them to mentor the weaker performing once. Anyone who doesn’t get it
needs to be replaced as they are costing you money.
Marketing. The worst marketing anyone can ever do is to promote an
overpriced item. In the case of a supermarket, if you are going to market your
customers, make sure you are enticing their presence with a value-oriented
offer.
Price descriptions are as importance as the service to be rendered. Price
formulation is an art that needs to be analysed by the most creative people on
your staff and in a concise form. Pricing should be a selling tool and should not
be used just as a list.
Staff meetings are in vital step towards increasing revenues. Daily pre-shift
meetings are essentials. Let your staffs know what your goals are and include
their ideas to obtain them. The way your staffs operate is the way your firm
goes. A great staff can elevate to greatness, while a poor staff can bring down a
potentially great supermarket and it all starts with the leadership of the owner
and the culture they establish.
Raise a plan. Nobody can raise prices or develop a marketing campaign or
increase items without an overall plan. You need to review your business
quarterly and analyse your failures and successes while charting a course for the
future. Use the options to your advantages. If you don’t like the result of the last
quarter, change the plans for the next seasons. It’s the way to keep the clients
you have and, if done well, it will bring in new once.

4.1.2. EXPENDITURES.
Expenditure is any money spends for the acquisition of a good or service.
General expenses may include, rents, salaries etc.
According to the norms of accounting, other expenditures which are not directly
tied to a particular department are called indirect expenses. They should be split.
This separation will be done according to the turn over realized by each
department. Direct expenses of the firm may be made up of;
Energy costs. A bit of discipline can go a long way for reducing your energy
cost. Many businesses especially modern once is equipped with fridges and air
conditioners to the comfort of the employees.
Labour. Most would agree that it is better to be prepared and slightly overstaff
than understaffed. The risks of losing out on profits outweighs the reward of
saving a few buck on wages, however, this doesn’t mean you shouldn’t practice
staffing optimization.
It is also very important to make sure that you are getting a return on every
marketing franc spent. Are you able to track and measure every one of your
initiatives? Is that billboard or faded bench advertisement effective for driving
more traffic to your business, or are you continuing to use it because “things
have always been done that way”? A good rule of thumb in marketing is that if
you can’t measure it, you shouldn’t do it.

4.2. TABULAR DEMONSTRATION OF THE INCOME STATEMENT.

ELEMENTS AMOUNTS
Sales XXX
Less return inward (XXX)
Net sales
Less COGS XXX
Opening stock
Add purchases
Less return outward
Add carriage inward

Add other direct cost
Cost of goods to be sold
Less closing stock (XXX)
Less cost of goods sold XXXX
Gross profit
Less expenses (XXX)
Taxes (XXX)
Transport (XXX)
Water (XXX)
Light
Add income XXX
Rents
Net profit or loss XXXXXX

4.3. THE BALANCE SHEET.

A balance sheet is a financial statement which shows the patrimonial
situation of an enterprise. It comprises of assets; which are further divided into
fixed assets and current assts. Liabilities, which are further divided into long
term liabilities and short-term liabilities. It is critically made up of the
following.
FIXED ASSETS.
Fixed assets are those capital resources of an enterprise which do not change
their form in the course of production. They also have a long-life span.
These fixed assets may include;
• Land
• Buildings
• Machines
• Computers
• Furniture etc.
These assets will depreciate following the reducing balance method or the
constant method, except the land which does not depreciate.

CURRENT ASSETS.
These are assets which are used in the day to day running of the business. They
include;
• Inventory
• Customers
• Bank accounts
• Cash books etc.
LIABILITIES.
These are the obligations of the business towards third parties. They are divided
into; Owners equity and long term liabilities.
Owners’ equity;
These are the long-term resources of the enterprise. They are made up of;
Capital And retain earnings.
SHORT TERM LIABILITES.
These are current obligations of the accounting firm towards their third parties.
They are;
• Loans
• Creditors
• States
• Suppliers
• Overdraft

4.4. TABULAR DEMONSTRATION OF THE BALANCE SHEET

ASSETS LIABILITES
ELEMENTS AMOUNTS ELEMENTS AMOUNTS
Fixed assets Owners’ equity
Land XXX Capital XXX
Building XXX Long term

liabilities
Machinery XXX
Long term loan
Computers XXX XXX
Short term
Furniture XXX
liabilities
Fixtures XXX XXX
Over draft
Total fixed XXXX XXX
Suppliers
assets
XXX
Other creditors
Current assets
XXXX
Net profit
Inventory
XXX
Customers
XXX
Banks
XXX
Cash
XXX
Total current
XXXX
assets
Total assets XXXXXX Total liabilities XXXXXX

4.5. SALES AND MARKETING STRATEGY

Sources of Income
ANGE AND COCO SHOPPIES will be a business to retail a wide range of

goods to the residence of Douala. We are in the supermarket and grocery
industry to maximize profits and we are going to go all the way out to ensure
that we achieve or business goals and objectives.
In essence, our source of income will be the retailing of a wide range of durable
goods and non – durable goods at affordable prices. We will retail the following
goods;
• Fruit and vegetables
• Clothes
• Beauty products and jewelry
• Children’s toys and baby stuffs
• Home furnishings and home appliances
• Fresh and frozen meat
• Dairy products
• Beverages (including alcohol)
• Drugs and health products

Sales Forecast
Our store will be well stocked and centrally positioned, we will always attract
customers sales and that will sure translate to increase in revenue generation for
the business.
We are well positioned to take on the available market in Douala and we are
quite optimistic that we will meet our set target of generating enough income /
profits from the first one year of operations and grow the business and our
clientele base.
We have been able to critically examine the supermarket and grocery industry
and we have analyzed our chances in the industry and we have been able to
come up with the following sales forecast. The sales projections are based on
information gathered on the field and some assumptions that are peculiar to
startups in Douala.
Below are the sales projections for ANGE AND COCO SHOPPIES it is based
on the location of our business and other factors as it relates to supermarkets and
grocery stores start – ups in Cameroon;
• First Fiscal Year-: 50 Million F CFA
• Second Fiscal Year-: 103 Million F CFA
• Third Fiscal Year-: 150 Million F CFA
This projection is done based on what is obtainable in the industry and with the
assumption that there won’t be any major economic meltdown and there won’t
be any major competitor offering same products and customer care services as

we do within same location. Please note that the above projection might be
lower and at the same time it might be higher.
Marketing Strategy and Sales Strategy

Prior to choosing a location for ANGE AND COCO SHOPPIES, we conduct a
thorough market survey and feasibility studies in order for us to be able to be
able to penetrate the available market and become the preferred choice for
residence of Douala. We have detailed information and data that we were able
to utilize to structure our business to attract the numbers of customers we want
to attract per time.
We will hire experts who have good understanding of the supermarket and
grocery industry to help us develop marketing strategies that will help us
achieve our business goal of winning a larger percentage of the available market
in Douala.
In other to continue to be in business and grow, we must continue to sell the

goods that are available in our store which is why we will go all out to empower
or sales and marketing team to deliver. In summary, ANGE AND COCO
SHOPPIES will adopt the following sales and marketing approach to win
customers over;
• Open our supermarket business in a grand style with a party for all.
• Introduce our supermarket by sending introductory letters alongside our

brochure to organizations, households and key stake holders in Douala
• Ensure that we have a wide range of goods from different brand at all times.

• Make use of attractive hand bills to create awareness and also to give
direction to our supermarket store
• List our business on yellow pages ads (local directories)
• Position our signage / flexi banners at strategic places around Douala
• Position our greeters to welcome and direct potential customers
• Create a loyalty plan that will enable us reward our regular customers
• Engage on road shows within our neighborhood to create awareness for our
bar
• Leverage on the internet to promote our business
• Engage direct marketing approach
• Encourage word of mouth marketing from loyal and satisfied clients
Publicity and Advertising Strategy

Irrespective of the fact that our supermarket store is well located, we will still go
ahead to intensify publicity for the business. We are going to explore all
available means to promote our supermarket store.
ANGE AND COCO SHOPPIES has a long term plan of opening chains of
supermarket stores in various locations all around key cities in Cameroon which
is why we will deliberately build our brand to be well accepted in Douala before
venturing out.

As a matter of fact, our publicity and advertising strategy is not solely for
winning customers over but to effectively communicate our brand. Here are the
platforms we intend leveraging on to promote and advertise ANGE AND
COCO SHOPPIES
• Place adverts on community based newspapers, radio stations and TV

stations.
• Encourage the use of word of mouth publicity from our loyal customers
• Leverage on the internet and social media platforms like; YouTube,

Instagram, Facebook ,Twitter, LinkedIn, Snapchat, Badoo, Google+ and
other platforms to promote our business.
• Ensure that our we position our banners and billboards in strategic positions
all around Douala
• Distribute our fliers and handbills in target areas in and around our
neighborhood
• Contact corporate organizations, households, landlord associations and

schools by calling them up and informing them of COCO AND SHOPPIES
and the products we sell
• Advertise our supermarket store business in our official website and employ
strategies that will help us pull traffic to the site
• Brand all our official cars and vans and ensure that all our staff members and
management staff wears our branded shirt or cap at regular intervals.

Pricing Strategy
Pricing is one of the key factors that gives leverage to supermarkets and grocery
stores, it is normal for consumers to go to places (retail outlets) where they can
purchase goods at cheaper price which is why big player in the supermarket and
grocery industry like MAHIMA will attract loads of consumers. Products in
their store are tagged with cheap prices.
We know we don’t have the capacity to compete with Carrefour Market and the
other big supermarkets but we will ensure that the prices of all the products that
are available in our supermarket store are competitive with what is obtainable
amongst supermarkets and grocery stores within our level.
Payment Options
The payment policy adopted by us is all inclusive because we are quite aware
that different customers prefer different payment options as it suits them but at
the same time, we will ensure that we abide by the financial rules and regulation
of the Cameroon.
Here are the payment options that we will make available to our clients;
• Payment via bank transfer
• Payment with cash
• Payment via POS
• Payment via mobile money platform
• Payment via online bank transfer

• Payment via check
• Payment via bank draft
In view of the above, we have chosen banking platforms that will enable our
client make payment for goods purchased without any stress on their part. Our
bank account numbers will be made available on our website and promotional
materials to clients who may want to deposit cash or make online transfer for
goods purchased.
Startup Expenditure (Budget)

In setting up any business, the amount or cost will depend on the approach and
scale you want to undertake. If you intend to go big by renting a place, then you
would need a good amount of capital as you would need to ensure that your
employees are well taken care of, and that your facility is conducive enough for
workers to be creative and productive.
This means that the start-up can either be low or high depending on your goals,
vision and aspirations for your business.
The tools and equipment that will be used are nearly the same cost everywhere,
and any difference in prices would be minimal and can be overlooked. As for
the detailed cost analysis for starting a supermarket store business; it might
differ in other countries due to the value of their money. These are the key areas
where we will spend our start – up capital;
• The Total Fee for Registering the Business will be about 2 Million F CFA

• Legal expenses for obtaining licenses and permits as well as the accounting
services (software, P.O.S machines and other software) – 3 Million
• Marketing promotion expenses for the grand opening of ANGE AND

BISCO SHOPPIES in the amount of 7 Million and as well as flyer printing
(2,000 flyers at 100frs per copy).
• Cost for hiring Consultant – 1425000 F CFA
• Insurance (general liability, workers’ compensation and property casualty)

coverage at a total premium – 1340000 F CFA
• Cost for payment of rent at the Douala Grand Mall for 12 months at 550000
F CFA
• Cost for Shop remodeling (construction of racks and shelves) – 2 million F

CFA
• Other start-up expenses including stationery and phone and utility deposits
500000 F CFA
• Operational cost for the first 3 months (salaries of employees, payments of

bills et al) – 100000000 F CFA
• The cost for Start-up inventory (stocking with a wide range of goods from
different manufactures) – 2 Million F CFA
• Storage hardware (bins, rack, shelves, food case) – 200000 F CFA
• The cost for counter area equipment (counter top, sink, ice machine, etc.) –
500000 F CFA

• Cost for serving area equipment (plates, glasses, flatware) – 50000F CFA
• Cost for store equipment (cash register, security, ventilation, signage) –

150000F CFA
• Cost of purchase and installation of CCTVs: 200000FCFA
• The cost for the purchase of furniture and gadgets (Computers, Printers,
Telephone, TVs, Sound System, tables and chairs et al): 150000 FCFA
• The cost of Launching a Website: 1 Million FCFA
• The cost for our opening party: 2 Million FCFA
• Miscellaneous: 1500000 F CFA
We would need an estimate of 200 Million to successfully set up our

supermarket store in Douala. Please note that this amount includes the salaries
of all the staff for the first month of operation.
Generating Funding / Startup Capital for ANGE AND COCO SHOPPIES

ANGE AND COCO SHOPPIES is a partnership and will welcome partners.
But will obtain initial funding from the following sources
These are the areas we intend generating our start – up capital;
• Generate part of the start – up capital from personal savings
• Source for soft loans from family members and friends
• Apply for loan from my Bank

Sustainability and Expansion Strategy
The future of a business lies in the numbers of loyal customers that they have
the capacity and competence of the employees, their investment strategy and the
business structure. If all of these factors are missing from a business (company),
then it won’t be too long before the business close shop.
One of our major goals of starting is to build a business that will survive off its
own cash flow without the need for injecting finance from external sources once
the business is officially running.
We know that one of the ways of gaining approval and winning customers over
is to retail our wide range of goods from different brands a little bit cheaper than
what is obtainable in the market and also to ensures that our finished diamond
can favorably compete with finished diamonds from any part of the world and
we are well prepared to survive on lower profit margin for a while.
We will make sure that the right foundation, structures and processes are put in
place to ensure that our staff welfare is well taken of. Our company’s corporate
culture is designed to drive our business to greater heights and training and re –
training of our workforce is at the top burner.
As a matter of fact, profit-sharing arrangement will be made available to all our

management staff and it will be based on their performance for a period of three
years or more. We know that if that is put in place, we will be able to
successfully hire and retain the best hands we can get in the industry; they will
be more committed to help us build the business of our dreams.

CHAPTER FIVE
LIMITATION AND CONCLUSION
In this chapter, we will be talking about the limitations and possible suggestions
to the various limitations realised.
5.1: LIMITATIONS
Some limitations to our business may include,
1. Inventory Loss
supermarkets deal with fragile inventory every day, such as fruit prone to
spoilage or boxes and cans that are vulnerable to damage. Grocery store
inventory must survive the perilous journey from the manufacturer to the store
to the shelves to the hands of the consumer. This includes loading, transporting,
unloading, storing, and stocking all of which leave goods open to expiration,
theft, loss, and harm.
2. Injury to Employees
You may not think of a supermarket as a particularly dangerous place to work.

But consider all the potential hazards: rolling equipment, messy spills, heavy
lifting, sharp cutting tools, and high stacks of products, just to name a few. In
the backroom, things move faster, the equipment’s bigger, space is tighter, and
the pace never lets up, all day and all night.

3. Injury to Customers
Grocery store customers are exposed to many of the same dangers as

employees. Some of the risks to customers include jagged edges on carts or
shelves, slippery floors, and items falling from shelves. Supermarkets can take a
big hit when customers are injured.
4. Property Damage
supermarket floors, walls, shelves, and display cases take a beating from the
everyday use of rolling machinery. Add on top of that the millions of shopping
carts used by consumers that scrape, scratch, and scuff infrastructure, and you’re
left with some costly and recurring maintenance expenses. The risk of damage
extends to the property of customers as well. Stores have been forced to pay for
cars damaged by runaway shopping carts in their parking lots.
5.2. GENERAL CONCLUSION

It has been proven over and over again that supermarkets; groceries store or
convenience store as it is popularly called in some countries is one of the
businesses that can easily survive in any part of the world as long as it is
situated in place where people live and work. The good thing about establishing
a standard supermarket is that, if you are successful in building your brand, you
can easily sell your franchise to investors and that will translate to more money
for you. To startup a supermarket that would enjoy continuous high patronage,
one should carry out your feasibility studies to enable you know the ideal place
to situate your supermarket, the goods that are in high demand in the
community, and loads of other factors that will help you plan and achieve your

business goals. Supermarket business requires huge investments and the

planning of the supermarket business model is, by no means, small or easy.
People are usually confused about the process and all the steps that go into
starting a supermarket. it is important to remember that patience and persistence
are the keys, and if one follows all the steps diligently, they will surely bear the
result.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
• www.thebusinessplanshop.com, THE 7 FINANCIAL NUMBERS EVERY
BUSINESS OWNER SHOULD KNOW
• www.library.austintexas.libguides.com,THE MARKET ANALYSIS OF A
BUSINESS PLAN
• www.americanexprees.com, BUSINESS ASSESSMENT
• www.frbsf.org, THE MOST IMPORTANT RATIO FOR YOUR BUSINESS
• www.thebalancesmb.com, HOW TO WRITE A MANAGEMENT SUMMERY
• www.Edwardlowe.org, THE BASICS OF TECHNICAL ANALYSIS
• www.investopedia.com, COMPONENTS OF A BUSINESS PLAN

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UNIVERSITY OF DSCHANG

UNIVERSITY INTITUTE THE GULF OF GUINEA

Professional Bachelor’s Degree

Written and presented by

Specialty: Management Accounting

Under the supervision of:

MR. TCHIENGANG PEGUY

This is to certify that, this project entitled “INVESTING IN A CLASSIC

Written and presented by: NAHBILA BISCOLLETE and NANGA MARIE ii

✓ We wish to express our heartfelt gratitude to our academic supervisor, Mr.

✓ We wish to equally thank the proprietor of University Institute of the Gulf of

Written and presented by: NAHBILA BISCOLLETE and NANGA MARIE iv

Towards the end of the 20th century in Cameroon, with an explosion in

Written and presented by: NAHBILA BISCOLLETE and NANGA MARIE v

Written and presented by: NAHBILA BISCOLLETE and NANGA MARIE vi

DEDICATION ......................................................................................................... iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................ vii

CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................1

1.1 GENERAL BACKGROUND ....................................................................................... 1

1.2. PROBLEM STATEMENT .......................................................................................... 2

1.3. SIGNIFICANCE OR INTEREST OF THE PROJECT ............................................... 2

1.4. METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................... 3

CHAPTER TWO .......................................................................................................4

SECTION 1: INTERNAL ENVIROMENT OF THE FIRM .............................................. 4

2.1.1. CORPORATE DESCRIPTION ................................................................................ 4

2.1.2. Executive Summary ................................................................................................... 5

2.1.3. OUR PRODUCTS AND SERVICES .................................................................... 6

2.1.4. Our Mission and Vision Statement............................................................................ 7

2.1.5. THE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE SUPERMARKET ................. 7

2.1.6. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES AND THEIR JOB DESCRIPTIONS ............. 9

2.1.6.1. Job Roles and Responsibilities ............................................................................... 9

CHAPTER THREE: FEASIBILITY .......................................................................17

3.1. MARKET RESEARCH ............................................................................................. 17

Competitive Advantage ..................................................................................................... 18

3.2. Funding the business ................................................................................................. 19

3.3. MARKETING AND PROMOTION .......................................................................... 20

3.4.THE ACCOUNTING OF THE BUSINESS ............................................................... 21

CHAPTER FOUR ....................................................................................................24

STRATEGIC ANALYSIS AND CORPORATE MODEL .....................................24

4.1. THE INCOME STATEMENT. .................................................................................. 24

4.1.1 INCOMES ................................................................................................................ 24

4.1.2. EXPENDITURES. .................................................................................................. 27

4.2. TABULAR DEMONSTRATION OF THE INCOME STATEMENT. .................... 28

4.3. THE BALANCE SHEET. .......................................................................................... 29

4.4. TABULAR DEMONSTRATION OF THE BALANCE SHEET ............................. 31

4.5. SALES AND MARKETING STRATEGY ............................................................... 32

Sales Forecast .................................................................................................................... 33

Marketing Strategy and Sales Strategy.............................................................................. 34

Publicity and Advertising Strategy .................................................................................... 35

Pricing Strategy ................................................................................................................. 37

Startup Expenditure (Budget) ............................................................................................ 38

LIMITATION AND CONCLUSION .....................................................................42

5.1: LIMITATIONS ......................................................................................................... 42

5.2. GENERAL CONCLUSION ....................................................................................... 43

Written and presented by: NAHBILA BISCOLLETE and NANGA MARIE ix

1.1 GENERAL BACKGROUND

Written and presented by: NAHBILA BISCOLLETE and NANGA MARIE 1

1.2. PROBLEM STATEMENT

The objectives of this project are to enable us to have a practical knowledge on

1.3. SIGNIFICANCE OR INTEREST OF THE PROJECT

Written and presented by: NAHBILA BISCOLLETE and NANGA MARIE 2

Finally, this plan will help me achieve my Bachelor of Technology (B-Tech) in