COURSE: BTECH CIVIL ENGINEERING

REG: EG204/106615/21

UNIT: ENGINEERING SURVEY

UNIT CODE: ECT 3203

EXPERIMENT 1: PROFILE LEVELLING

INTRODUCTION

This is a method surveying that has been carried out along the central line of a track of a land in which a
linear engineering work is to be constructed. It involves determination of elevation of the ground
surface at a small special interval along a line.

OBJECTIVE

To determine relative heights of different objects on or below the surface of the earth and to determine
the undulation of the ground.

APPARATUS

1.A dumpy level

2.Levelling instrument

PROCEDURE

1. In carrying out profile levelling, a level is placed at a convenient location not necessarily along
the line of observation.
2. The instrument is to be positioned in a such a way that fisrt back sight can be taken clearly on
B.M
3. Observations are taken at regular intervals along the central line and foresight to a properly
selected turning point.
4. The instrument is then re-positioned to some other convenient location.
5. After proper adjustment of the instrument, observations are started from TP1 and then regular
intervals (e.g. 5,6) terminating at another turning point, say TP2
6. Staff readings are also taken at salient points where marked changes in slope occur. The
distance as well as direction of lines are also measured.

RESULTS AND CALCULATIONS

pegs Distance(m) B. S I. S F. S Rise Fall H. I R. L

1 0+00 5.2 1385.14 1390.34
2 0+10 7.60 2.4 1387.94
3 0+20 9.80 2.2 1385.74
4 0+30 12.00 2.2 1383.54
5 0+40 13.40 1.4 1382.14
 6 0+50 12.80 0.6 1380.54
7 0+60 13.40 0.6 1379.94
8 0+70 14.40 1.0 1378.94
9 0+80 13.50 14.60 0.2 1385.14 1398.64
10 0+90 13.30 0.2 1398.84
11 1+00 11.75 1.55 1400.39
12 1+10 10.85 0.9 1401.29
13 1+20 10.00 0.85 1402.14
14 1+30 10.05 0.05 1402.09
15 1+40 10.50 0.45 1401.64
16 1+50 11.00 0.53 1401.11
17 1+60 11.03 0.03 1401.08
18 1+70 11.05 0.02 1401.06
19 1+80 9.90 1.15 1402.21

Height of collimation =B. S+R. L

R.L =H. C +Staff reading

H. I=elevation + B. S

R. L=H.I_I. S or F. S

DISCUSSION

Profile levelling is the process of the elevation of series of points at measured intervals along a line such
as the centerline of proposed ditch. In the calculations we find out that by adding the back sight to the
known elevation we would be able to get the height of the instrument. Then, by subtracting the height
of the instrument to the foresight we would be able to find the elevation of that point where we took
the foresight.

CONCLUSION

Profile levelling is a method of surveying that has been carried out along the central line of a track of
land on which a linear engineering work is to be constructed. The fixed line is generally the Centre line of
a highway, canal, sewer or any other engineering works. The fixed line need to be a single straight line, it
may consist of different straight reaches connected by curves. Profile levelling is done to determine the
undulations of the ground surface.

REFFERRENCES

Laboratory manual CL 242-Surveying

EXPERIMENT 2: THEODOLITE SURVEY

INTRODUCTION

This s a system of surveying in which the angles are measured with the help of a theodolite.

PROCEDURE
1. Set up the instrument over station point O and level it accurately.
2. Direct the telescope towards point A which is known as referring object. Bisect it accurately and
check the reading of the Vernier as 0 or 360 degrees. Loosen the lower clamp and turn the
telescope clockwise to the sight point B exactly. Read the Vernier’s again and the mean will give
the value of the angle AOB.
3. Similarly bisect C and D successively, read both Vernier’s at each bisection, find angle BOC and
COD.
4. Finally close the horizon by sighting towards the referring object (point A)
5. The vernier A should now read 360 degrees. If not note down the error.
6. If the error is small, it is equally distributed among the several angles. If large the readings
should be discarded and a new set of readings be taken.

The results of the experiment were as follows:

DISCUSSON

CONCLUSION

REFFERENCES

EXPERIMENT 3: SETTING OUT A BUILDNG

INTRODUCTON

This is a practice in surveying which involves transferring the building design onto the land itself so
that the workers can follow it during construction. Key points and guide makers are set out to
ensure accurate building takes place. Large scale projects like developments and high rise buildings
often require multiple setting out surveys to ensure continuity as the project progresses.