Inc.

Basic Concepts List
for All Available Subjects

Last updated September 2022
Disclaimer:
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Math
Primary (K-2) Math Geometry Multivariable Calculus Quantitative Reasoning

Elementary (3-6) Math Trigonometry Finite Math Quantitative Methods
Mid-level (7-8) Math Pre-Calculus Discrete Math Linear Algebra
Algebra Calculus Statistics Differential Equations
Algebra II Calculus BC Intermediate Statistics
Science & Engineering
Primary (K-2) Science Chemistry Electrical Engineering

Elementary (3-6) Science Physics – Algebra Based Environmental Science
Midlevel (7-8) Science Physics – Calculus Based Astronomy
Earth Science Microbiology Biochemistry
Biology Organic Chemistry Mechanical Engineering
Health & Medical
Anatomy & Physiology Health Administration Medical Coding

Basic Nursing Advanced Nursing Mental Health & Psychiatric Nursing
Nutrition & Dietetics
/
English/Humanities
Essay Writing Primary (K-2) Reading College English Art History & Appreciation
College Essay Writing Elementary (3-6) Reading ELL
Doctoral Writing Mid-level (7-8) ELA Primary ELL
Literature English Symbolic Logic
Social Sciences
Intro Criminal Justice Intro Ethics Intro Philosophy Intro Psychology

Research Methods Intro Sociology Cultural Anthropology Political Science
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Business
Intro Accounting Intro Finance Business Law

Intermediate Accounting Intro Economics Business & Consumer Math
Cost Accounting Intermediate Microeconomics Principles of Management
Tax Accounting Intermediate Macroeconomics Auditing
Managerial Accounting Marketing
Technology
Adobe Illustrator Adobe InDesign Adobe Photoshop

MS Access MS Excel MS Word
Windows Windows Server A+
Cisco Admin MS PowerPoint
Computer Science
Principles of CS C C++ C#
Java Python Database Systems Web Design
Foreign Languages
Arabic French German Italian

Mandarin Spanish Vietnamese
Teacher Education
Elem Math Methods Elem Reading Methods General Education Early Childhood Ed
Communication
Business/Org Interpersonal/Group Intercultural/Global Journalism

Mass Comm Public Speaking
Social Studies
Social Studies K-8 Geography US History World History
Other
Student Success & Parent Coaching Career Help

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Primary (K-2) Math (Back to Top)
Counting & Cardinality

• Compare numbers
• Count to tell the number of objects
• Know number names and the count sequence
Operations & Algebraic Thinking

• Add and subtract within 20
• Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction
• Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and
taking from
• Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction
• Work with addition and subtraction equations
• Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication
Number & Operations in Base Ten

• Extend the counting sequence
• Understand place value
• Use place value understanding and properties of operations to add and subtract
• Work with numbers 11-19 to gain foundations for place value
Measurement & Data

• Classify objects and count the number of objects in each category
• Describe and compare measurable attributes
• Measure and estimate lengths in standard units
• Measure lengths indirectly and by iterating length units
• Relate addition and subtraction to length
• Represent and interpret data
• Tell and write time
• Work with time and money
Geometry
• Analyze, compare, create, and compose shapes
• Identify and describe shapes
• Reason with shapes and their attributes
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Elementary (3-6) Math (Back to Top)
Operations & Algebraic Thinking Money & Time

• Counting • Count Bills & Coins
• Patterns and Relationships • Tell Time: Analog & Digital
• Addition and Subtraction
• Multiplication and Division
• Factors and Multiples
• Place Value
• Exponents
• Ratios
• Number Theory: Primes, Divisibility, Factors, &
Multiples
Expressions & Equations

• Expressions
• Equations
• Inequalities
• Dependent & Independent Variables
Number & Operations- Fractions & Decimals

• Fractions
• Decimals
• Decimal & Fraction Equivalents
• Decimal Place Value
• Decimal Compare & Ordering
• Fraction Equivalence & Ordering
Measurement & Data

• Perimeter and Area
• Volume
• Angles & Angle Measure
• Graphing Data Points
• Measurements & Conversions
Geometry
• Two-dimensional Figures
• Three-dimensional Figures
• Lines
• Angle & Shape Properties
• Area, Surface Area, & Volume
Statistics
• Variability
• Distributions
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Mid-Level (7-8) Math (Back to Top)
Ratios and Proportional Relationships Statistics & Probability

• Ratios • Comparisons & Inferences
• Proportions • Statistical Variability
• Rates • Sample Space, Combinations, &
Permutations
The Number System • Theoretical & Experimental Probability
• Fractions: multiply, divide, add, & • Random Sampling
subtract • Bivariate Data
• Rational & Irrational Numbers
• Radicals & Integer Exponents Functions
• Number Properties • Functions: Define, Evaluate, &
• Order of Operations Compare
• Percents • Functions to model relationships
• Absolute Value
• Estimation & Rounding Data and Graphs
• Exponents & Roots • Experiments & Data Collection
• Arithmetic & Geometric Sequences • Central Tendency & Variation
• Infer, Predict, Evaluate, & Compare
Expressions & Equations Data
• Linear Equations • Represent, Read, & Interpret Data
• Variables & Substitution
• Systems of Equations Measurements
• Formulas • Estimate and Measure
• Equivalent Expressions • Measurement Systems
• Equations and Expressions with • Measurement Tools
radicals and integers • Rates, Indirect Measurements, &
Proportions
Geometry
• Angle Measure
• Two & Three-Dimensional Figures
• Area & Surface Area
• Coordinate Plane
• Volume
• Congruence, Similarity, & Symmetry
• Transformations
• Pythagorean Theorem
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Algebra (Back to Top)
Absolute Value Equations and Inequalities Probability

• Graphing Absolute Value Equations • Counting Principles and Sample
and Inequalities Spaces
• Solving Absolute Value Equations • Theoretical and Experimental
and Inequalities Probability
Algebraic Expressions Quadratic Equations, Inequalities, and

• Add, Subtract Expressions Functions
• Multiply, Divide, Factor Expressions • Factoring Quadratic Equations
including Exponents • Graphing and Properties of
• Variables and Expressions Quadratic Equations
• Solving Quadratic Equations and
Linear Equations and Inequalities Inequalities
• Slope, Intercepts, Points on a Line • Systems of Nonlinear Equations
• Solving Linear Equations and Inequalities
• Solving Linear Inequalities
• Solving Problems with Equations Radical, Exponential and Logarithmic
and Inequalities Equations and Functions
• Systems of Equations and Inequalities • Graphing Exponential and
• Writing and Graphing Linear Equations Logarithmic Functions
• Writing and Graphing Linear Inequalities • Properties of Exponents and
Logarithms
Numbers • Radical Expressions, Equations and
• Exponents and Roots Rational Exponents
• Number Properties • Solving Exponential and
• Number Theory Concepts Logarithmic Equations and
• Operations with Real Numbers Inequalities
• Ratios, Proportions, Percents and Rates • Solving Problems with Exponential
and Logarithmic Functions
Patterns and Functions
• Composition and Operations on Functions Statistics
• Graphing Functions and Transformations • Data Analysis – Data Collection
• Inverse of Function • Data Displays – Measures of Data
• Patterns
• Properties of Functions - Domain and Range
• Properties of Functions –
• Zeros, End Behavior, Turning Points
• Relations and Functions
• Solving Problems with Functions
• Translate Between Forms
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Algebra II (Back to Top)
Absolute Value Equations and Inequalities Probability

• Graphing Absolute Value Equations • Counting Principles and Sample Spaces
and Inequalities • Theoretical and Experimental Probability
• Solving Absolute Value Equations
and Inequalities Quadratic Equations, Inequalities,
and Functions
Conic Sections • Complex Solutions to Quadratic Equations
• Properties of Conic Sections • Factoring Quadratic Equations
• Solving Problems with Conic Sections • Graphing and Properties of Quadratic Equations
• Solving Quadratic Equations and Inequalities
Linear Functions, Equations, and Inequalities • Systems of Nonlinear Equations and Inequalities
• Slope, Intercepts, Points on a Line
• Solving Linear Equations Radical, Exponential and
• Solving Linear Inequalities Logarithmic Equations and
• Solving Problems with Equations Functions
• and Inequalities • Graphing Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
• Systems of Equations and Inequalities • Properties of Exponents and Logarithms
• Writing and Graphing Linear Equations • Radical Expressions, Equations and Rational
• Writing and Graphing Linear Inequalities Exponents
• Solving Exponential and Logarithmic Equations
Matrices and inequalities
• Matrices Operations and Problems • Solving Problems with Exponential and
Logarithmic Functions
Numbers
• Complex Numbers Sequences and Series
• Number Properties • Properties of Sequences and Series
• Operations with Real Numbers • Solving Problems with Sequences and Series
Patterns and Functions Statistics

• Composition and Operations on Functions • Data Analysis
• Graphing Functions and Transformations • Data Collection
• Inverse of Function • Data Displays
• Patterns • Measures of Data
• Properties of Functions - Domain and Range
• Properties of Functions-
• Zeros, End Behavior, Turning Points
• Relations and Functions
• Solving Problems with Functions
• Translate Between Forms
Polynomial, Rational
Expressions, Equations
and Functions
• Solving and Graphing Polynomial Equations
• Solving and Graphing Rational Equations
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Geometry (Back to Top)
Measurement
• Formulas and Measurement
• Indirect Measurements, Ratios, and Rates
• Units, Unit Conversions, and Error
Points, Lines, Angles, Planes

• Angle Relationships and Problems
• Coordinate Geometry - Slope, Distance, Midpoint
• Geometric Constructions
Proofs and Logic

• Conditional Statements
• Conjectures, Axioms, Theorems, Proofs
• Inductive and Deductive Reasoning
Two- and Three- Dimensional Shapes

• Congruency
• Relationship Between Plane and Solid Figures
• Right Triangles, Including Pythagorean Theorem
• Similarity
• Symmetry and Transformations
• Theorems and Problems with Circles
• Theorems and Problems with Polygons
• Theorems and Problems with Quadrilaterals
• Theorems and Problems with Triangles
• Three-Dimensional Figures
• Trigonometric Ratios in Right Triangles
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Trigonometry (Back to Top)
Complex Numbers Graphing Trigonometric Functions

• Polar Coordinates, DeMoivre’s Theorem • Introduction to Graphing Trigonometric
• Trigonometric Form Functions
• z Complex Number • Graphing Trigonometric and Inverse
Functions
Introduction to Trigonometry: • Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Linear Relationships and Functions • Transformations of Trigonometric
• Introduction to Trigonometry Functions
• Introduction to Trigonometry: Linear • Real-world Applications of Trigonometric
Relationships and Functions Functions
• Relations, Functions, and Graphs • Vectors
• Defining and Finding Trigonometric • Graphing Trigonometric Functions Unit
Functions Review
• Slope, Linear Relations, Scatter Plots, and
Piecewise Functions Trigonometric Laws and Identities
• Introduction to Trigonometry: Linear • Trigonometric Laws and Identities
Relationships and Functions Unit Review • Law of Sines and Law of Cosines
• Trigonometric Identities and Equations
Trigonometric Ratios • Area of Triangles
• Trigonometric Ratios • Angular and Linear Velocities
• Angles and Angle Measures • Trigonometric Laws and Identities Unit
• Measuring angles using radian and degree Review
measures • Modeling Periodic Phenomenon
• Right Triangles and Trigonometric Ratios
• The Unit Circle Vectors
• Trigonometric Ratios Unit Review • Graphing and Operations with Vectors
• Solving problems with Vectors
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Pre-Calculus (Back to Top)
Functions
• Know and use a definition of a function
• Write a function that describes a relationship between two quantities
• Perform algebraic operations on functions and apply transformations
• Write an expression for the composition of one given function with another and find the domain, range,
and graph of the composite function
• Determine whether a function has an inverse and express the inverse, if it exist
• Know and interpret the function notation for inverses
• Identify and describe the discontinuities of a function and how these relate to the graph
• Understand the concept of limit of a function as x approaches a number or infinity
• Analyze a graph as it approaches an asymptote
• Computer limits of simple functions
• Explain how rates of change of functions in different families differ
Exponents and Logarithms

• Use the inverse relationship between exponential and logarithmic functions to solve equations and
problems
• Graph logarithmic functions
• Graph translations and reflections of functions
• Compare the large-scale behavior of exponential and logarithmic functions with different bases and
recognize that different growth rates are visible in the graphs of the functions
• Solve exponential and logarithmic equations
• Find an exponential or logarithmic function to model a given set of data or situation
• Solve problems involving exponential growth and decay
Quadratic Functions
• Solve quadratic type equations by substitution
• Apply quadratic functions and their graphs in the context of motion under gravity and simple optimization
problems
• Find a quadratic function to model a given set of data or situation
Polynomials
• Given a polynomial function, find the intervals on which the function’s values are positive and those where
it is negative
• Solve polynomial equations and inequalities of degree of three or higher
• Graph polynomial functions given in factored form using zeros and their multiplicities, testing the sign on
intervals and analyzing the function’s large scale behavior
• Theorems: The Remainder Theorem, The Factor Theorem, The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra
Rational Functions and Difference Quotients

• Solve equations and inequalities involving rational functions
• Graph rational functions; identify asymptotes, analyzing their behavior for large x values and testing
intervals
• Given vertical and horizontal asymptotes, find an expression for a rational function
• Know and apply the definition and geometric interpretation of difference quotient
• Simplify difference quotients
• Interpret difference quotients as rates of change and slopes of secants lines
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Trigonometric Functions
• Define and graph and use all trigonometric functions of any angle
• Convert between radian and degree measure
• Calculate arc lengths in given circles
• Graph transformations of the sine and cosine functions
• Explain the relationship between constants in the formula and transformed graph
• Know basic properties of the inverse trigonometric functions, including their domains and ranges.
Recognize their graphs
• Know the basic trigonometric identities for sine, cosine, and tangent
• Pythagorean identities
• Sum and difference formulas
• Co-functions relationships
• Double-angle and half angle formulas
• Solve trigonometric equations using basic identities and inverse trigonometric functions
• Prove and derive trigonometric identities
• Find a sinusoidal function to model a given set of data or situation
Vectors, Matrices and Systems of Equations

• Perform operations on vectors in the plan
• Solve applied problems using vectors
• Know and apply the algebraic and geometric definitions of the dot product of vectors
• Know the definitions of matrix addition and multiplication
• Add, subtract and multiply matrices
• Multiply a vector by a matrix
• Represent rotations of the plane as matrices and apply to find the equations of rotated conics
• Define the inverse of a matrix and computer the inverse of two-by-two and three-by-three matrices
• Computer determinants of two-by-two and three-by-three matrices
• Write systems of two and three linear equations in matrix form
• Solve systems using Gaussian elimination or inverse matrices
• Represent and solve inequalities in two variables
• Linear programming
Sequence, Series and Mathematical Induction

• Know, explain and use sigma and factorial notation
• Write an expression for the nth term
• Write a particular term of a sequence when given the nth term
• Understand, explain and use the formulas for the sums of finite arithmetic and geometric sequences
• Compute the sums of infinite geometric series
• Understand and apply the convergence criterion for geometric series
• The principle of mathematical induction
• Pascal’s triangle
• Binomial theorem
Polar Coordinates, Parameterizations, and Conic Sections

• Convert between polar and rectangular coordinates
• Graph functions given in polar coordinates
• Write complex numbers in polar form
• De Moivre’s theorem
• Evaluate parametric equations for given values of the parameter
• Convert between parametric and rectangular forms of equations
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• Graph curves described by parametric equations
• Use parametric equations in applied contexts to model situations
• Identify parabolas, ellipses and hyperbolas from equations
• Write the equation in standard form and graph parabolas, ellipses and hyperbolas
• Derive the equation for a conic section from given geometric information
• Identify key characteristics of a conic section from its equation or graph
• Identify conic sections whose equations are in polar or parametric form
Modeling Mathematics
• Construct a tangent from a point outside a given circle to a circle
• Cavalieri’s principle
• Identify the shapes of two-dimensional cross sections of three-dimensional objects
• Identify three dimensional objects generated by rotations of two-dimensional objects
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Calculus (Back to Top)
Limits of functions (including one-sided limits) • Optimization Problems

• Calculate limits using algebra • Related Rates Problems
• Estimating limits from graphs or tables • Implicit differentiation
• Limits proofs for linear functions • Antiderivatives and initial value problems
• Vertical asymptotes and infinite limits • Particle motion (position, velocity, acceleration)
• Horizontal asymptotes and limits to infinity • Slope fields and solution curves for differential
• L’Hospital’s Rule equations
Continuity Integrals
• Understanding continuity in terms of limits • Riemann sums
• Types of discontinuity (infinite, jump, removable) • Basic properties of definite integrals
• Determining continuity from a graph or rule for • Applications of integrals (including areas, arc
a function length, volumes for solids of revolution)
• Intermediate Value Theorem • Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, Parts I and II
• Definite and indefinite integrals of basic
Derivatives functions
• Compute derivatives of functions: power, • Techniques of Integration (Substitution, Parts,
exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric, inverse Partial Fractions, Trigonometric Substitution)
trig • Improper Integrals
• Apply Product Rule, Quotient Rule, Chain Rule, • Numerical Approximation of Integrals
etc. • Separable differential equations
• Understand the first and second derivative
graphically Parametric and Polar Curves
• Approximate derivative from graph or tables • Graphs, derivatives, areas, arc length
• Interpretation of the derivative as a rate of
change (limit of an average rate of change) Series and Sequences
• Relationship between differentiability and • Sequence convergence
continuity • Partial Sums and the definition of series
• Tangent line to curve convergence
• Linear approximation and differentials • Geometric Series and their sums
• Relationship between increasing and decreasing • Tests for series convergence
behavior and the sign of the derivative • Test for divergence (nth term test)
• Mean Value Theorem • Integral test and p-Series
• Relationship between concavity and the sign of • Alternating series
the second derivative • Comparison test and limit comparison test
• Inflection Points • Ratio and Root Test
• Power series, radius and interval of convergence
• Maclaurin and Taylor series
In addition, the concepts below are frequently seen by students in pre-Calculus courses and ones that all
Calculus tutors are expected to know and be able to assist students with:
• Circle, ellipse, hyperbola, and parabola • Functions and Graphs (Linear and Polynomial)
• Perform translations for various conic sections • Exponential and Logarithmic Function
• Arithmetic and Geometric sequences
• Trigonometric Ratios and Identities
• Trigonometric graphs
• Law of Cosines and Law of Sines
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Calculus BC (Back to Top)
Calculus Basics
• Combining Functions
• Patterns in Graphs
Limits and Continuity

• Finding Limits Analytically
• Asymptotes as Limits
• Relative Magnitudes for Limits
• When Limits Do and Don't Exist
• Continuity
• Intermediate and Extreme Value Theorems
Derivatives
• Slope and Change
• Derivatives at a Point
• The Derivative
• The Power Rule
• Sums, Differences, Products and Quotients
• Graphs of Functions and Derivatives
• Continuity and Differentiability
• Rolle's and Mean Value Theorems
• Higher Order Derivatives
• Concavity
• Chain Rule
• Implicit Differentiation
Rates of Change
• Extrema
• Optimization
• Tangent and Normal Lines
• Tangents to Polar Curves
• Tangent Line Approximation
• Rates and Derivatives
• Rectilinear Motion
• Motion with Vector Functions
Integrals
• Riemann's Sums
• Area Approximations
• The Definite Integral
• Properties of Integrals
• Graphing Calculator Integration
• Application of Accumulated Change
• The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
• Definite Integrals of Composite Functions
• Analyzing Functions and Integrals
• Area Between Curves
• Volumes of Revolution
• Cross Sections
o Arc Length
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Inverse and Transcendental Functions Separable Differential Equations
• Derivatives of Inverses and Slope Field
• Inverse Trigonometric Functions • Slope Fields
• Logarithmic and Exponential Review • Differential Equations and Models
• Transcendentals and 1/x • Euler's Method
• Derivatives of Logarithms and Exponentials • Exponential Growth
• L'Hopital's Rule • Application of Differential Equations
• Analysis of Transcendental Curves
• Integrating Transcendental Functions Sequences and Series
• Partial Fractions • Sequences
• Integration by Parts • Series
• Improper Integrals • Convergence Tests
• Application of Transcendental Integrals • Radius of Convergence
• Derivatives of Parametric Functions • Functions Defined by Power Series
• Integrating Parametric and Polar Functions • Taylor and Maclaurin Series
• Taylor's Theorem and Lagrange Error
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Multivariable Calculus (Back to Top)
Vectors & Geometry of Space Multivariable Integration

in Multiple Dimensions • Double Integrals over General
• Two-Dimensional Coordinate Systems Regions
• Three-Dimensional Coordinate Systems • Double Integrals in Polar
• Vectors Coordinates
• Cylindrical Coordinates • Applications of Double Integrals
• Spherical Coordinates • Triple Integrals
• The Dot Product • Triple Integrals in Cylindrical and
• The Cross Product Spherical Coordinates
• Equations of Lines and Planes • Applications of Triple Integrals
• Cylinders and Quadric Surfaces • Change of Variables: Jacobian of a
• Functions of Several Variables Transformation
Vector Functions Vector Calculus: Line Integrals

• Vector Functions and Space Curves • Vector Fields
• Derivatives of Vector Functions • Line Integrals
• Integrals of Vector Functions • The Fundamental Theorem For
• Tangent, Normal, and Binormal Vectors Line Integrals
• Arc Length and Curvature • Conservative Vector Fields
• Motion: Position, Velocity, and Acceleration • Potential Functions of Vector
Fields
Multivariable Differentiation • Green's Theorem
• Limits and Continuity • The Divergence and Curl Vector
• Partial Derivatives Operators
• Differentials
• Chain Rule Vector Calculus: Surface Integrals
• Tangent Planes and Linear Approximations • Parametric Surfaces and Area
• The Gradient Vector Operator and Directional • Surface Integrals
Derivative • Stokes' Theorem
• Critical Points: Relative and Absolute Extrema • Gauss' Divergence Theorem
• Lagrange Multipliers
Page | 17
Finite Math (Back to Top)
• Solve linear equations and inequalities.

• Graph linear equations in two variables.
• Use mathematical modeling and linear regression to make predictions.
• Solve function problems.
• Quadratic Functions
• Polynomial and Rational Functions
• Solve exponential function problems.
• Solve logarithmic function problems.
• Solve simple interest problems.
• Solve compound interest problems.
• Solve problems involving future and present value of annuities. (sinking funds and amortization)
• Solve systems of linear equations.
• Gauss Jordan Elimination
• Perform operations on matrices.
• Inverse of a square matrix
• Solve matrix equations.
• Apply matrices in a real-world scenario.
• Inequalities in two variables
• Systems of linear inequalities in two variables
• Solve linear programming problems geometrically
• Geometric Introduction to the Simplex Method
• Maximization and Minimization with Mixed Problem Constraints
• Basic Counting Principles
• Permutations and Combinations
• Sample Spaces, Events and Probability
• Apply counting principles to solve problems.
• Conditional Probability, Intersection and Independence
• Solve probability problems.
• Random Variables, Probability Distribution and Expected Value
• Solve problems involving discrete probability.
• Solve problems involving discrete probability.
• Make decisions by computing the expected value of random variables.
• Summarize and present data using graphs, measures of central tendency, and measures of dispersion.
• Bernoulli Trials and Binomial Distribution
• Normal Distributions
• Solve linear programming problems geometrically.
• Solve linear programming problems by the simplex method.
• Solve problems involving Markov chains.
• Properties of Markov Chains
• Regular Markov Chains
• Absorbing Markov Chains
• Solve problems involving game theory.
• Strictly Determined Games
• Mixed Strategies Games
• Linear Programming and 2 x 2 games - geometric approach
• Linear programming and m x n games - simplex method and the dual
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Discrete Math (Back to Top)
• Apply basic enumeration techniques.

• Simplify assertions and compound statements in first-order logic.
• Apply basic set-theoretic concepts.
• Apply the principles of mathematical induction and recursion.
• Apply the basic concepts of computational complexity and algorithmic analysis.
• Solve problems of iteration.
• Manipulate relations and simple functions and their inverses.
• Use the properties of relations.
• Apply the properties of equivalence relations and partitions.
• Use the Principle of Inclusion and Exclusion.
• Identify graph isomorphism, planarity, connected components, and chromatic numbers.
• Identify properties of a tree.
• Apply properties of general graphs.
• Apply the basic concepts of Boolean algebra.
• Use the basic laws of Boolean algebra.
• Convert Boolean expressions into a disjunctive or conjunctive normal form.
Page | 19
Statistics (Back to Top)
Analyze Data
• Confidence Intervals
• Correlation
• Expected Values and Probability Distributions
• Hypothesis Testing
• Infer and Predict
• Regression
• Sample Distributions and Central Limit Theorem
Collect Data
• Experiments and Data Collection
• Sampling
Probability
• Computing Probability
• Counting - Combinations and Permutations
Summarize Data
• Data Distribution
• Display Data
• Measures of Data
• Read, Interpret, Classify Data
Page | 20
Intermediate Statistics (Back to Top)
Probability ANOVA
• Probability Theory • One-way ANOVA
• Random Variables • Two-way ANOVA
• Simulations (including Monte Carlo) • Factorial – interactions
• Randomized block ANOVA
Discrete Probability Distributions • Repeated Measures
• General • Post-hoc analysis/multiple
• Binomial & Negative Binomial comparisons (Bonferroni,
• Geometric & Hypergeometric Tukey, LSD)
• Poisson
• Multinomial Nonparametric Tests
• 1-sample sign test
Continuous Probability Distributions • Wilcoxon rank test
• Normal/Student's T • Kruskal-Wallis Test
• Log Normal • Friedman Test
• Bivariate • Mann-Whitney Test
• Gamma & Beta • Mood's Median Test
• Exponential • Spearman Rank Correlation
• Chi-square
• F Regression and Correlation
• Simple Linear Regression
Statistical Inference • Multiple Regression
• Confidence Intervals • Logistic Regression
• Hypothesis Testing • Polynomial Regression
• Errors, Power, & Effect Size • ANCOVA
Page | 21
Quantitative Reasoning (Back to Top)
Logic/Critical Thinking The Mathematics of Finance

• Truth Tables • Simple Interest
• Simple Statements • Compound Interest (Lump Sums and
• Venn Diagrams Annuities)
• Compound Statements • Applications of Compound Interest
• Analyzing Arguments • Amortization Schedules
Arithmetic Knowledge Descriptive Statistics

• Fractions • Measures of Central Tendency
• Decimals and Rounding • Measures of Spread/Dispersion/Variation
• Scientific Notation, Powers of 10, and • Percentiles & Z-scores
Approximations • Graphing Tools Used to Summarize Data
• Rate, Ratio and Proportion
• Percentages Designing & Analyzing Studies
• Uses and Abuses of Percentages • Observational vs Experimental Studies
• Index Numbers • Sampling Methods (Strengths and
• Unit Conversions Weaknesses)
• Interpretation of Graphs • Critical Evaluation of Statistical Studies
Geometry/Trigonometry Probability Rules & Simulation

• Perimeters and Areas of Basic Geometric Shapes • Counting Methods - Multiplication Principle,
• Measures of Distance and the Pythagorean Permutations, Combinations
Theorem • Probability Concepts and Rules
• Volume and Surface Area • Independent vs. Dependent Events
• Basic Trigonometry • Joint vs. Disjoint (Mutually Exclusive) Events
• Graphs of the Trigonometric Functions • Law of Large Numbers
• Applications of Trigonometry • Simulation Using TI-84/83 or MS Excel
• Probability Distributions
Functions • Discrete vs Continuous Distributions
• Definition and the Vertical Line Test • Normal Distribution
• One-to-one and Inverse Functions, the • Random Variables and Probability
Horizontal Line Test Distributions
• Linear Functions (Standard and Slope- • Expected Value & Risk Assessment
Intercept Forms of Equations) • Binomial and Geometric Distributions,
• Applications of Linear Models including Normal Approximation to the
• Linear Inequalities Binomial Distribution
• Nonlinear Models (Exponential, Power,
Logarithmic) Inductive/Deductive Reasoning
• Graphing Functions (Excel or TI-84/83) Inference & Regression
• Solving systems of equations (Linear & • Central Limit Theorem
Nonlinear) • Logic of Confidence Intervals
• Linear Programming (Graphical Method) • Logic of Hypothesis Testing
• Linear Programming (Simplex Method) • One Sample Inference About a Population
Mean
• One Sample Inference About a Population
Proportion
• Scatterplots & Correlation
• Simple Linear Regression
Page | 22
Quantitative Methods (Back to Top)
Applications and Limitations Forecasting

of Quantitative Analysis • Linear Regression
• Business and Decision Analysis • Non-Linear Regression
• Arts and Social Sciences • Moving Average
• Medical and Health Sciences • Exponential Smoothing
• Seasonal Index
Data and Terms
• Data Quality and measures Linear Algebra
• Multivariate data • Vector
• F Statistic • Matrix
• Coefficient Interpretation • Determinant
• Data Sensitivity • Solving systems
• Hypothesis Testing
Calculus
Decision Models • Functions
• Maximin and Maximax • Derivatives
• Hurwicz • Optimization
• Expected Value and Expected Value Perfect
Information Advanced Statistical Modeling
• Decision Tree • Chi Square
• Equal Likelihood • Data Clustering
• Highest Value vs Lowest Cost • ANOVA
• Simulation
• Probability Modeling
Page | 23
Linear Algebra (Back to Top)
Systems of Linear Equations Vector Spaces

• Homogeneous and non-homogeneous systems • Linear dependence and
• Matrix representation of system independence
• Row reduction and echelon forms • Rank and nullity of a matrix
• Gaussian and Gauss-Jordan elimination • Properties of vector spaces
• Consistent and inconsistent systems • Subspaces
• Span of a vector space
Matrix Properties and Arithmetic • Basis of a vector space
• Addition, Subtractions, Scalar Multiplication • Properties of vectors and vector
• Matrix multiplication arithmetic
• Transpose of a matrix
• Special Matrices - Identity, zero, diagonal, etc. Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors
• Elementary matrices and elementary row • Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors
operations • The Characteristic Equation
• Row equivalence
Matrix Decomposition
Determinants • LU decomposition
• Determinant of 2 x 2 and 3 x 3 matrices • QR decomposition
• Co-factor expansion • Diagonalization
• Cramer's Rule • Singular Value decomposition
• Theorems involving determinants and invertibility
• Properties of determinants Orthogonality/Least Squares
• Inner product spaces
Linear Transformations • Orthogonality
• Properties of linear transformations • Orthonormal bases
• Matrix representation of linear transformation • Gram-Schmidt
• Kernel orthonormalization
• Range • Least squares regression
• Change of basis
Page | 24
Differential Equations (Back to Top)
Introduction to Ordinary Differential Equations Laplace Transforms

• Define and classify differential equations • Compute Laplace transforms of simple
• Determine whether a function is a solution to a DE functions using definition of Laplace transform
• Existence and Uniqueness Theorem • Compute Laplace transforms of polynomial,
• Principle of Superposition exponential, and trig functions using table
• Solve IVPs using Laplace transforms
1st order Ordinary Differential Equations
• Identify 1st order linear, separable, exact, Bernoulli, Power Series Solutions of ODEs
and homogeneous • Manipulate power series
1st order ODEs • Identify ordinary and singular points of ODEs
• Find general solution for 1st order ODEs • Evaluate recurrence relations
• Solve 1st order initial value problems • Find power series solutions of ODEs
• Construct and solve ODEs for applications such as
mixtures, populations, and Newtonian Mechanics Systems of 1st Order Differential Equations
• Use row operations to reduce matrices
Gaining information about ODEs without solving • Compute eigenvalues and eigenvectors of square
• Identify autonomous 1st order ODEs matrices
• Find and classify equilibrium solutions to autonomous • Solve system of two 1st order linear ODEs with
1st order ODEs with constant coefficients constant coefficients using matrix methods
• Predict end behavior of solution • Convert 2nd order linear ODE to a system of two
to autonomous ODE given initial condition first order linear ODEs
• Construct, identify, and interpret slope/direction fields • Orthogonality
• Euler's method • Orthonormal bases
• Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization
Higher Order ODEs • Least squares regression
• Linear independence of solutions
• Construct and solve problems involving harmonic
motion, electrical circuits, and projectile motion
• Solve linear higher order ODEs with constant
coefficients using method of undetermined
coefficients
• Find second solution to 2nd order
ODE using method of Reduction of Order
• Find particular solution to 2nd order
nonhomogeneous ODE using variation
of parameters
• Solve Cauchy-Euler equations
Page | 25
Primary (K-2) Science (Back to Top)
Interdependent Relationships in Earth's Systems: Processes That Shape the

Ecosystems: Animals, Plants, and Their Earth
Environment • The History of Planet Earth
• Organization for Matter and Energy • Earth Materials and Systems
Flow in Organisms • Plate Tectonics and Large-Scale
• Biogeology Interactions
• Natural Resources • The Roles of Water in Earth's Surface
• Human Impacts on Earth Systems Processes
• Developing Possible Solutions • Optimizing the Design Solution
Structure, Function, and Information Forces and Interactions: Pushes and Pulls
Processing • Forces and Motion
• Structure and Function of Organisms • Types of Interactions
• Growth and Development of • Relationship Between Energy and
Organisms Forces
• Plant and Animal Responses
• Inheritance of Traits Waves: Light and Sound
• Variation of Traits • Wave Properties
• Electromagnetic Radiation
Interdependent Relationships in • Information Technologies and
Ecosystems Instrumentation
• Interdependent Relationships in
Ecosystems Structures and Properties of Matter
• Biodiversity and Humans • Phases of Matter
• Developing Possible Solutions • Chemical Reactions
Weather and Climate

• Conservation of Energy and Energy
Transfer
• Weather Patterns
• Natural Hazards
• Defining and Delimiting Engineering
Problems
Space Systems: Patterns and Cycles

• The Universe and Its Stars
• Earth and the Solar System
Page | 26
Elementary (3-6) Science (Back to Top)
Physical Science
• Forces and Interactions
• Energy
• Waves: Waves and Information
• Structure and Properties of Matter
Earth & Space Science

• Weather and Climate
• The History of Planet Earth
• Earth's Materials and Systems
• Space Systems: Stars and the Solar System
Life Science
• Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems
• Inheritance and Variation of Traits
• Structure, Function, and Information Processing
• Matter and Energy in Organisms and Ecosystems
Page | 27
Elementary (7-8) Science (Back to Top)
Life Science
• Cells and Multicellular Organisms
• Matter and Energy in Organisms and Ecosystems
• Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems
• Natural Selection and Adaptations
• Growth, Development, and Reproduction of Organisms
Earth and Space Science

• Space Systems
• History of Earth
• Earth's Systems
• Weather and Climate
• Human Impacts
Physical Science
• Chemical Reactions & Matter
• Forces and Interactions
• Energy
• Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation
Page | 28
Earth Science (Back to Top)
Math basics Meteorology

• Algebra • Air
• Dimensional analysis • Weather Conditions and how they are
• Metric system created
• Scientific notation • Global Weather
• Significant digits • Predication, forecast and measurement
• Tools for measuring weather conditions
Nature of Science • Weather map construction and
• Accuracy and precision interpretation
• Bias and Ethics • Clouds
• Communication • Air Mass
• Data collection and analysis • Climates
• Graphical interpretations
• Models Oceanography
• Scientific Method • Sea Floor Profile
• Scientific Quantities • Parts of the Ocean
• Scientific Thinking • Salinity
• Scientists and Discoveries • Contributories to the water in the ocean
• Theories and Laws • Resources
• Tools and Measurement • Coriolis Effect
• Major currents in the world and features
Geology • Waves
• Biomes • Tsunami characteristics
• Chemical Cycles
• Climate change Astronomy
• Ecosystems • Earth, Sun, and Moon System
• Energy flow – Carbon cycle – Population • Features of the Moon
Growth • Theories of the creation of the moon
• Erosion and Weathering • Sun
• First Principle of Geology • Solar system
• Fossils • Stars
• Glaciers • Galaxies
• Human impact/changes to planet • Big Bang Theory and evidence
• Law of Superposition • Space probes and exploration
• Minerals • Telescopes
• Natural disasters – causes, effects, impact
• Natural Resources
• Plate Tectonics
• Pollution
• Population
• Principle of Uniform Process
• Radioactive dating of rocks
• Relative Age
• Soil
• Time
• Types of Rock and the Rock Cycle
• Unconformity
• Water
Page | 29
Biology (Back to Top)
Chemistry of Life Molecular Biology

• Atoms • DNA and genome structure
• Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic • Famous experiments
Acids • Genetic Engineering Techniques and Their
• Chemical Gradients Uses
• Important properties of water • Introns and mRNA splicing
• Molecular Movement, Osmosis and Diffusion • Mutations and Chromosomal Abnormalities
• Monomers and Polymers • Regulation of Gene Expression and Epigenetics
• Origins of life • Semi-conservative replication
• pH • Transcription
• Translation and protein processing
Cell Structure and Function
• Active and Passive Transport Heredity
• Cell junctions • Dominance, co-dominance, and incomplete
• Cellular Transport across the Cell Membrane dominance
• Facilitated Diffusion • Inheritance
• Fluid Mosaic Model of the Cell Membrane and • Mendel's Law of Heredity
Semi-permeability • Mitochondrial DNA
• Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells • Monohybrid, Dihybrid, and Trihybrid Crosses
• Receptor Proteins • Pedigree Analysis
• Signaling Molecules • Probability of Genotypes or Phenotypes based
• Structure and function of cellular components on Genetic Crosses
• Sex-linked Traits
Cellular Energetics
• Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Evolution and Phylogeny
• Calvin Cycle • Cell Theory and Characteristics of Life
• Cell cycle • Common Ancestry
• Cell Cycle Checkpoints • Evidence Supporting Evolution
• Cell Reproduction • Examples of Selective Pressures and Their
• Change in free energy Effects on Population
• Chemosynthesis • Natural Selection and Fitness
• Coupled reactions, activation energy, and ATP • RNA World Hypothesis
• Electron Transport Chain • The Role of Genetic Drift, Mutation, and Sexual
• Enzymes, Enzymatic Functions, and Enzymatic Reproduction in Evolution
Pathways • Theory of Endosymbiosis
• Exergonic and Endergonic Reactions • Three-Domain Hypothesis
• Fermentation • Types of Selection
• G0, G1, S, G2, and M Phases of the Cell Cycle • Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
• Glycolysis • Phylogenetic Trees & Cladograms
• Krebs Cycle • Speciation & Extinction
• Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis • Taxonomy
• Meiosis
• Mitosis Bacteria
• Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressors in relation • Bacterial Conjugation
to cell cycle • Basic Structures
• Ploidy • Binary Fission
• Characteristics
Page | 30
Viruses Fungi
• Basic Structure Including: • Fungal Structures
• Capsid/Coat Proteins • Reproduction
• Characteristics • Role in Decomposition
• Genetic Material (including Reverse
Transcriptase for RNA viruses) Ecology
• Lytic and Lysogenic Stages of Virus Life Cycle • Biodiversity
• Relationship of Cell Receptors to Entrance of • Biogeochemical cycles
Viruses into Host cells • Biomes
• Relationship of Viruses to Cancer • Biotic and Abiotic Factors Affecting
• Role of Mutation on the Evolution of Viruses Environments
• Ecosystem Energy Flow
Animal Form & Function • Interactions between species and types of
• Animal Behavior symbiosis
• Animal Reproduction • Life History Strategies
• Body Plan Development • Population Growth and Regulation
• Characteristics of the Following Taxa: • Producers, Consumers, and Decomposers
• Endotherms and Ectotherms
• Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous General Science
• Homeostasis, Feedback Loops, and Hormones • Assistance with Lab-related Assignments
• Origin and Function of the Following Cell • Development of Science Fair Projects
Types • Interpreting and Graphing Scientific Data
• Protists, Porifera, Cnidaria, Nematoda, • Interpreting and Summarizing Information
Mollusca, Annelida, Arthropoda, from Literature
Echinodermata, Chordata • Reviewing Reports for Science Content
• Surface Area to Volume
• Tissues, Organs and Organ Systems Lab techniques
• Bacterial culturing
Plant Form & Function
• Centrifugation
• Adaptations of Plants to Land • Gel electrophoresis
• Alternation of Generations • Microscopy
• Evolution of Plants from Algae • Serial dilution
• Plant Reproduction • Spectrophotometry
• Plant Structures
• Pollen, Seeds, Flowers, and Fruit
• Response to Stimuli (hormones involved)
• Vascular and Nonvascular Plants
Page | 31
Chemistry (Back to Top)
Math basics • Lewis Dot Diagrams

• Algebra • Orbitals
• Dimensional analysis • VSEPR Theory
• Metric system • Resonance
• Scientific notation • Hybridization
• Significant digits • Polarity
Math and Science Chemical Reactions

• Algebra and Dimensional Analysis • Completing Chemical Equations
• Scientific Notation • Balancing Chemical Equations
• Significant Digits • Stoichiometry
• The Metric System • Limiting reactants
• Measurements • Percent Completion and Excess Reagents
• Chemistry and Other Fields • Redox Reactions
• Scientific Thinking • Gasses and Gas Laws
• The Scientific Method • Reaction Kinetics
• Laboratory Basics • Rate Laws
• Lab Safety
• Lab tools and techniques Solutions
• Lab Report Writing • Electrolytes
• solubility and Colligative Properties
Atoms, Compounds, and • Molarity and Other Concentrations
the Periodic Table • Acids and Bases
• Atomic Theory and the Elements • pH and pOH
• The Periodic Table • Strong and Weak Acids and Bases
• Atom Nomenclature • pKa and Buffers
• Periodic Trends • Chemical Equilibrium
• Subatomic Particles • ICE Tables
• Atomic Number, Mass, and Charge • Electrochemistry
• Isotopes and Ions
• Avogadro’s number and the Mole Physical Chemistry
• Molecules, Compounds, Mixtures, and • Quantum Theory
Solutions • Quantum Numbers
• Naming and Writing Compounds • Thermodynamics
• Empirical and Molecular Formula • Exothermic and Endothermic
• Electron Configuration • Enthalpy and Entropy
• Chemical and Physical Properties • Nuclear Chemistry
• Chemical and Physical Changes • Radioactivity and Light
Bonding Introductory Organic Chemistry and

• Molecular, Ionic, and Metallic Bonding Biochemistry
• Intermolecular Forces • Carbon Chain and Functional Group
• States and Types of Matter Nomenclature
• Solids, Liquids, and Gasses • Cyclic Compounds and Sugars
• Valance Electrons • Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Nucleic Acids
Page | 32
Physics– Algebra-based (Back to Top)
Math basics Fluid Mechanics

• Algebra and Trigonometry • Density and Pressure
• Dimensional analysis • Buoyancy – Archimedes’ Principle
• Metric system • Fluid dynamics
• Scientific notation • Fluid Flow continuity equation
• Significant digits • Bernoulli’s Equation
• Vectors and scalars
Fluid Mechanics (Cont'd)
Nature of Science • Hydrostatics
• Accuracy and precision • Fluid Pressure
• Bias and Ethics
• Communication Thermal Physics
• Data collection and analysis • Heat
• Models • Temperature
• Pseudo Sciences • Mechanical Equivalent of heat
• Safety • Heat Transfer and thermal expansion
• Science and Society • Calorimetry
• Scientific Method • Kinetic Theory
• Scientific Quantities • Ideal Gases
• Scientific Thinking • Gas laws
• Scientists and Discoveries • Thermodynamics
• Theories and Laws
• Tools and Measurement Electrostatics
• Electric charges
Kinematics • Conductors, insulators and semi-conductors
• Position, Distance, and Displacement • Charging by conduction
• Speed and velocity • Charging by induction
• Acceleration • Coulomb’s Law
• Position vs time graphs • Electric fields
• Velocity vs time graphs • Gauss’ Law
• Kinetic equations under constant • Electric Potential Energy and Electric
acceleration Potential
• Free fall equations • Motion of charges particles in electric fields
• Projectiles • Capacitance
• Circular motion
• Center of mass Current Electricity
• EMF
Dynamics • Circuits
• Newton’s Laws • AC/DC
• Current
Work, energy and power • Resistance
• Work and work-kinetic energy theorem • Electric Power
• Conservative forces and Potential energy • Electric Energy
• Conservation of mechanical energy • Resistors in series
• Power • Resistors in Parallel
• Simple Harmonic motion • Batteries and Internal Resistance
• Momentum • Kirkoff’s Law
• Sources of energy on Earth • Ohm’s Law
• Voltmeters
Page | 33
• Ammeters • The electromagnetic spectrum
• RC circuits • Inverse square law
Electromagnetism
• Force of a magnetic field on a moving
charge
• Force of a magnetic field on a current
carrying wire
• Torque on a current carrying loop
• Magnetic fields due to straight and coiled
wires
• Electromagnetic Induction
• Magnetic flux
• Faraday’s Law
• Lens’s Law
Electromagnetism (cont'd)
• Motors
• Mass Spectrometers
• Generators
Wave Motion and Sound

• Description and characteristics of waves
• Types of waves
• Standing waves
• Beats
• Harmonics
• Wave on a string
• Wave in a tube
• Doppler Effect
• Sound intensity
• Sound Power
• Relative sound intensity
Optics
• Reflection
• Law of reflection
• Refraction
• Snell’s Law
• Total Internal reflection
• Critical angle
• Images formed by plane mirrors
• Images formed by spherical mirrors
• Images formed by parabolic mirrors
• Images formed by lenses
• Ray-diagrams
• Thin lens
• Mirror equation
• Image formation by a two-lens system
• Interference
• Diffraction
• Polarization
Page | 34
Modern Physics • Mass-energy equivalence
• Atomic Physics and Quantum Effects • Conservation of energy-mass
• Nuclear symbols
Nuclear Physics • Nuclear reactions
• Atomic mass • Neutrino
• Mass number • Chain reactions
• Atomic number • Isotopes
• Mass defect and binding energy • States of matter
• Nuclear processed • Atomic Models
Page | 35
Physics – Calculus-based (Back to Top)
This subject covers the material from AP Physics C-Mechanics, AP Physics C-Electricity and Magnetism, and
introductory college level physics courses that require calculus as a prerequisite.
Math Basics Work, energy, and power(cont'd)

• Algebra, trigonometry and calculus • Conservation of mechanical energy
• Dimensional analysis • Energy diagrams
• Units and unit conversions • Power
• Scientific notation Systems of particles, linear momentum, impulse and
• Estimates and orders of magnitudes collisions
• Significant figures • Center of mass
• Vectors and scalars • Two object system
• Cross product, Dot product • Momentum
• Derivatives, Integrals Circular Motion and Rotations
Nature of Science • Uniform circular motion
• Accuracy and precision • Angular velocity and acceleration
• Data collection via observation and • Frequency and period
measurement and the analysis of this data • Vertical circular motion
• Error analysis • Rotational kinematics
• Experimental design • Moment of inertia
• Models • Rotational inertia
• Scientific method • Parallel axis theorem
• Tools and measurement • Rotational kinetic energy
• Communicating scientific results • Work and power in rotational motion
Newtonian Mechanics • Torque
Kinematics (Motion Along a Straight Line) • Torque and angular acceleration for a rigid
• Position, distance, and displacement object
• Average and instantaneous velocity • Rotation of a rigid object around a fixed axis
• Average and instantaneous acceleration Equilibrium and Elasticity
• Position vs time graphs • Rotational equilibrium (torque)
• Velocity vs time graphs • Conditions for static equilibrium
• Acceleration vs time graphs • Center of gravity
• Differential determination of position, velocity • Stress, strain, and elastic moduli
and acceleration as a function of time • Elasticity
• Kinematic equations under constant Fluid Mechanics
acceleration • Density and Pressure
Dynamics • Buoyancy – Archimedes’ Principle
• Newton’s Laws of Motion • Fluid dynamics
• Mass and weight • Fluid Flow continuity equation
• Fundamental forces of nature • Bernoulli’s Equation
• Static and kinetic friction • Hydrostatics
• Air resistance • Fluid Pressure
• Elevator problems • Viscosity and Turbulence
• Incline planes Gravitation
• Atwood Machines • Universal Gravitation
• Dynamics of circular motion • Gravitational Fields
Work, energy, and power • Orbits
• Work and the work-kinetic energy theorem • Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion
• Integrate to calculate the work performed by a • The Motion of satellites
varying force • Apparent Weight
• Conservative forces and potential energy • Oscillatory Motion
• Non-conservative forces
Page | 36
Thermal Physics • Magnetic fields due to straight and coiled
• Heat, Temperature wires
• Mechanical Equivalent of heat • Biot-Savart Law, Ampère’s Law
• Heat Transfer and thermal expansion Electromagnetism
• Calorimetry • Motion of charged particles in electric and
• Kinetic Theory magnetic fields
• Ideal Gases, Gas laws • Electromagnetic induction
• Thermodynamics • Magnetic flux
Electricity and Magnetism • Inductance
Electrostatics Electromagnetism (Cont'd)
• Electric charges • RL circuits, LC circuits, LRC circuits
• Conductors, insulators and semiconductors • Faraday’s Law, Lenz’s Law
• Charging by conduction and induction • Alternating current circuits
• Coulomb’s Law • Displacement current
• Electric fields, Electric Field Lines • Maxwell’s equations
• Electric Dipoles, Electric Flux • Motors
• Gauss’s Law • Mass spectrometers
• Electric Potential Energy and Electric • Generators
Potential • Transformer
• Potentials of charge distributions Wave, Motion, and Sound
Conductors, Capacitors and Dielectrics • Description and characteristics of waves
• Electrostatics with conductors • Types of waves
• Equipotential surfaces • Standing waves
• Capacitance • Beats
• Dielectrics • Harmonics
• Wave on a string
Current and Resistance
• Wave in a tube
• Current
• Doppler Effect
• Resistivity
• Sound intensity
• Resistance
• Sound Power
Direct Current Electric Circuits
• Relative sound intensity
• EMF
• Electric Power, Electric Energy Optics
• Resistors in series and in parallel Nature and Propagation of Light
• Batteries and Internal Resistance • Reflection, Law of reflection
• Kirchhoff’s Law, Ohm’s Law • Refraction
• Voltmeters, Ammeters • Snell’s Law
• RC circuits • Total internal reflection
Magnetic Fields • Critical angle
• Sources of magnetic fields • Geometric Optics
• Right-hand rule • Physical Optics
• Left-hand rule Modern Physics
• Force of a magnetic field on a moving • Quantum Mechanics and the nature of light
charge • Relativity
• Force of a magnetic field on a current • Atomic physics and quantum effects
carrying wire • Nuclear physics
• Torque on a current carrying loop
Page | 37
Microbiology (Back to Top)
The microbiology course is considered an advanced science course. It is expected that tutors are
knowledgeable in foundational biological, chemical and mathematical concepts as they underlie and
relate to microbiology
Basic Biology Ecology

• Eukaryotes • Biogeochemical cycling
• Prokaryotes • Microorganisms in marine and freshwater
• Cellular division of eukaryotic and prokaryotic ecosystems
cells • Microorganisms in terrestrial ecosystems
• Functional anatomy of various cells • Symbiosis
• Whitaker Five Kingdoms • Mutualism
• Woese Three Domain clarification • Commensalism
Microbial Traits • Parasitism
• Types Pathogenicity
• Nutrition • Germ Theory
• Growth • Infection and reproduction
• Control in various environments • Host and parasite relationship
• Structure • Infectious disease
• Metabolism • Disease transmission
• Pathways • Nosocomial infections
• Catabolism • Mechanisms of pathogenicity
• Anabolism • Antimicrobial drugs
• Gram positive bacteria anatomy • Important pathogens and diseases
• Gram negative bacteria anatomy • Sterilization
o Deinococci • Disinfection
o Nonproteobacteria Immunization
• Biochemistry processes • Innate host resistance
• Recombinant DNA technology • Adaptive Immunity
• Taxonomy and classification (Bergey) • Sanitation
• Cytology • Hygiene
• Cellular physiology Health
Genetics • Epidemiology
• Structure • Antimicrobial chemotherapy
• Replication • Microbiology of food
• Expression • Industrial microbiology
• Mechanisms of variation Laboratory Techniques
• Mapping of distances in genes • Basic laboratory equipment identification
• Lac operon • Guidelines for safe handling of
• Lac repressor microorganisms and infectious materials
• Trp operon • Microscope use including oil emersion
• Arabinose operon • Methods for taking clinical samples
• Genetic recombination • Incubation techniques
• Transformation • Inoculation techniques
• Conjugation • Isolation techniques
• Transduction • Identification techniques
• Chromatography
• Spectrophotometry
• Serial dilution technique and calculations
Page | 38
Organic Chemistry (Back to Top)
Structure & Bonding Stereochemistry

• Electron Configurations of Atoms • Isomers
• Chemical Bonding & Valence • Constitutional isomers
• Charge Distribution in Molecules • Stereoisomers
• The Shape of Molecules • Chiral and achiral
• Isomers • Enantiomers
• Analysis of Molecular Formulas • Optical activity
• Resonance • R and S configurations
• Atomic and Molecular Orbitals • Diastereomers
• Fischer projections
Intermolecular Forces • Meso compounds
• Boiling & Melting Points
• Hydrogen Bonding Nucleophilic Substitution, Elimination, and
• Crystalline Solids Addition reactions
• Water Solubility
Biochemicals – Structure & Function of…
Functional Groups – Properties, Nomenclature, • Carbohydrates
Synthesis, & Reactions of… • Lipids
• Alkanes • Amino acids
• Alkenes • Proteins
• Alkynes • Enzymes
• Alkyl halides • Vitamins
• Alcohols
• Aromatics Lab techniques
• Ketones • Synthesis of compounds (solid and gas)
• Ethers • Separation techniques
• Esters • Melting point determination
• Carboxylic acids • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
• Amides spectrometer operation and analysis
• Amines • Infrared (IR) spectrometer operation and
analysis
Acids & Bases • Gas chromatography and Mass
• Arrhenius acids and bases Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis
• Lowry-Brønsted Acids & Bases
• Lewis Acids and Bases
• Acid dissociation constants and pH
• Effect on acidity
Page | 39
Electrical Engineering (Back to Top)
Communication skills in engineering Transducer & Sensors
Overview of the process of engineering design for Microprocessor and Microcontrollers

electrical and electronic systems Electromagnetic Theory and
Semiconductor Devices
Electrical and Electronic Careers
Electrical Machine Design & Signal
Engineering Notation & Measurements Processing
Fundamental Electrical Properties Materials Science

• Ohm’s Law and Power
• Measuring voltage, current, and resistance with Labs:
multimeters
• Preparing electrical cables (Romex) for use in • Circuits & Network Lab
residential wiring • Electrical & Electronic
• Series circuits Measurement Lab
• Parallel circuits • Data Structure Lab
• Wiring a basic lighting circuit • Numerical Methods &
Programming Lab
Analog and Power Electronics • Analog Electronic Circuits Lab
• Digital Electronics & Integrated
Digital Electronics & Design Circuits Lab
• Electronic Measurements &
Measurements & Instrumentation Instrumentation
• Transducer & Sensors Lab
Mathematical Modelling and Analysis • Technical Report writing for the Lab
AC Circuit Analysis
• Complex Numbers and Phasors in Polar or
Rectangular Form
• AC Circuits Phasors and Impedance
Transformers
Computer Organization & Architecture
Physics of Electronics and Nanotechnology
Programming and Control systems
Photonics and Communication Systems
Page | 40
Environmental Science (Back to Top)
Chemistry of Environmental Science • Soil composition formation and

• Atmosphere & pollution development processes
• Air composition • Soil physical properties
• Particulate matter • Soil chemical properties
• Analytical methods and equipment • Agriculture
• Health effects • Soil and/or groundwater pollution
• Ozone • Threats to the environment by soil pollution
• Regulations • Remediation
• Toxicology • Soil sampling and analysis
Ecosystem Ecology • Regulations
• Flora and fauna • Solid hazardous waste
• Biodiversity Environmental management
• Nutrient cycling • Environmental economics
• Biogeography • Environmental policies, procedures, and
• Forestry strategies
• Invasive species • Sustainability
• Ecological Disturbance and Successions • Green business
• Biotic and abiotic factors • Environmental Ethics & Equity
• Biomes and ecosystems Conservation & Climate Change
Energy and the environment • Greenhouse gases
• Renewable energy sources • Impacts
• Non-renewable energy sources • Technologies
• Environmental impacts of fossil fuels • policies
• Energy efficiency and conservation • Orbital and solar forcing
Human Population Impact • Properties of light and albedo
• Human population growth • Climate and weather
• Consumption • Climate modeling
• Deforestation • Paleoclimate and proxies
• Urbanization
• Waste management
Energy and the environment
• Renewable energy sources
• Non-renewable energy sources
• Environmental impacts of fossil fuels
• Energy efficiency and conservation
Water resources and pollution
• Water cycle
• Chemistry of water
• Physical properties of water
• Freshwater systems
• Salt water systems
• Groundwater
• Water contamination
• Water treatment
• Water sampling and analysis
• Regulations
Soil, Agriculture, and Food Sources
Page | 41
Astronomy (Back to Top)
History/Philosophy of Astronomy Gas Giants

• Geocentrism vs. Heliocentrism • Overview of Gas Giants
• Ptolemy and Aristotle • Meteorology of Gas Giants
• Copernicus and Galileo • Rings, Moons, and Pluto
Astronomical Instruments Interstellar Space and Celestial

• Telescopes and Light Distances
• Radio Telescopes • Fundamental Units of Distance
• Terrestrial vs. Orbiting Telescopes • The Interstellar Medium
• The Life Cycle of Cosmic
Orbits and Gravity Material
• Isaac Newton and Gravity
• The Laws of Planetary Motion Asteroids, Comets, and Black Holes
• Gravity with More than two bodies • Asteroid Characteristics
• Comet Characteristics
Stellar Nucleosynthesis and • Black Hole Overview
The Origin of the Solar System
• Stellar Nucleosynthesis
• Stellar Mass and H-R Diagram
• Origin of the Solar System
Terrestrial Planets
• Mercury Geology and Meteorology
• Venus Geology and Meteorology
• Earth Geology and Meteorology
• Mars Geology, Meteorology, and Divergent
Planetary Evolution
Earth and Moon Dynamics

• Origin of the Moon
• Lunar Cycles
• Tidal Relationships with the Moon
Page | 42
Biochemistry (Back to Top)
Biomolecules
• Informational macromolecules (Proteins and Nucleic acids)
• pH and aqueous chemistry
• Protein folding
• Structure and function of proteins
• Protein binding
• Protein purification
• Sugars and Polysaccharides
• Lipids and membranes
Enzymatic reactions
• Enzymatic catalysis
• Substrate specificity
• Reaction Kinetics
• Inhibitors
• Signal transduction
Metabolism
• Thermodynamics of biomolecular bonds
• Glycolysis
• Glycogen metabolism
• Citric Acid Cycle
• Oxidative phosphorylation
• Photosynthesis
• Lipid, amino acid, and nucleotide metabolism
• Hormone signaling
Molecular genetics
• DNA structure
• DNA replication and repair
• Transcription
• Translation
• Chromosome structure and organization
• Bacterial gene expression (operons)
Page | 43
Mechanical Engineering (Back to Top)
ME Basics • AC Systems and controls

• Unit systems Statics
• Engineering drawing practice • Beams
• Ethics • Trusses
• Economic analysis • Cables and pulleys
Fluids Materials
• Compressible fluid dynamics • Engineering materials
• Fluid properties • Material properties and testing
• Fluid statics • Thermal treatment of metals
• Fluid flow parameters • Properties of areas
• Fluid dynamics • Strength of materials
• Hydraulics • Failure
• Fluid power
• Fans and ductwork Machine Design
• Types of columns
Thermodynamics • Types of beams
• Inorganic chemistry • Types of tanks
• Fuels and combustion • Types of connections and joints
• Energy, work and power • Compression and tension of members
• Thermodynamic properties of substances • Springs
• Changes in thermodynamic properties • Gears
• Bearings
Power Cycles
• Vapor power equipment Dynamics and Vibrations
• Vapor power cycles • Kinematics
• Combustion power cycles • Dynamics
• Power-generating systems • Mechanisms and power transmission
• Gas compression cycles • Vibrating systems (mass, spring, damper)
• Refrigeration cycles
Control Systems
Heat Transfer • Modeling systems
• Modes of heat transfer • Feedback
• Units and parameters of heat transfer • Steady state analysis
• Conduction • Transient analysis
• Convection
• Radiation Plant Design
• Natural convection, evaporation, and • Plant management
condensation • Instrumentation and measurements
• Manufacturing processes
HVAC • Transient
• Psychometrics
• Ventilation
• Heating and cooling loads
Page | 44
Anatomy & Physiology (Back to Top)
Anatomical Terminology
• Anatomical Regions, Cavities, Planes of Symmetry, and Directional Terms
General Chemistry
• Protons, Neutrons, Electrons, Atoms, Elements, and Compounds
• Bonding: Ionic, Covalent, and Hydrogen
• pH scale, Acids and Bases, Organic and Inorganic Compounds
• Macromolecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids
Cellular Biology
• Light and Electron Microscope Images and Uses
• Cell Structure: Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus
• Organelle Structure and Function
• Protein Synthesis
• Metabolism and Homeostasis
• Mitosis and Meiosis
Histology
• Structure, Function, Location, and Subtypes of Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, and Nervous Tissue
Embryology
• Ectoderm, Mesoderm, and Endoderm and their derivatives
Organ Systems
• Integumentary
o Functions of the Integument
o Layers composing the epidermis and dermis
o Nutrient and Oxygen Supply to the epidermis and dermis
o Subcutaneous layer
o Accessory Organ Structure and Function: Hair, Nails, and Glands
o Basic Knowledge skin cancer types and prognoses
• Skeletal
o Functions of the Skeletal System
o Structure and Function of Cartilage
o Bone Markings, Shapes, Matrix, Structures, and Names
o Bone Cells Structure and Function: Osteocyte, Osteoclast, and Osteoblast
o Differentiate between Compact & Spongy Bone
o Differentiate between Endochondral and Intramembranous Ossification
o Differentiate between Axial and Appendicular Skeleton
o Basic knowledge of bone fractures and osteoporosis
o Supporting Ligaments and discs
o Types of Joints and their locations
• Muscular
o Functions of the Muscular System
o Types and Locations of Muscular Tissue
o Muscle Cell Structure and Function
o Sliding Filament Theory & Excitation – Contraction Coupling
o Sources of Energy for Muscle
o Role of Exercise and Muscle Function
o Knowledge of Names and Locations of muscles
• Digestive
o Structure and Function of Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestines, Colon, Liver, Gall Bladder, Appendix
and Rectum
o Mechanical Digestion, Chemical Digestion
o Absorption and transport of nutrients
o pH balance and enzymatic function
o Hormone regulation of digestive function and appetite
Page | 45
o Extrinsic and Intrinsic Nervous function
o Digestive Disease
o Normal Flora of the gut
• Nervous
o Functions and Divisions of the Nervous System
o Structure and Function of Neurons and Neuroglia
o Generation and Propagation of an action potential
o Synapses, Neurotransmitters, and Myelination
o Brain Structure, Divisions, and Functions
o Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nerve Structure and Function
o Special Senses: Olfaction, Taste, Vision, Hearing, and Balance
o Structure and Function of the Autonomic Nervous System
• Endocrine
o Second Messenger Pathways
o Steroid production and function
o Role of Hypothalamus
o Structure & Function of Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, testes, Ovaries, and Pineal
Glands
o Hormones produced and their function
• Cardiovascular
o Functions and Composition of Blood
o Clotting Cascade
o Blood typing and diagnostic tests
o Structure and Function of the heart
o Electrical Activity of the Heart
o Cardiac Cycle
o Cardiac Output
o Knowledge of Arteries and Veins that supply the body
o Immunity & Lymphatic
o Innate and Adaptive Immunity
o Types and Functions of Immune Cells
o Immunological Surveillance and Tolerance
o Acquired Immunity
o Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes, Spleen, Lymphoid Tissue, and Peyer's Patches
o Lymphatic Circulation
• Respiratory
o Functions of the Respiratory System
o Anatomy and Histology of the Respiratory Tract and Lungs
o Properties of Ventilation and Pulmonary Function Tests
o Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide exchange and circulation
• Urinary
o Structure and Function of the Kidney
o Glomerular Filtration and Tubular Section & Reabsorption
o Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone Pathway
o Function of Vasopressin (ADH) and Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
o Structure and Function of the Ureter, Bladder, and Urethra
• Reproductive
o Meiosis and Gamete Production
o Structure and Function of the Male & Female Reproductive System
o Fertilization and Pregnancy
Page | 46
Health Administration (Back to Top)
Governance, Organizational Structure, and Healthcare Finance, Technology, and

Management Information Management
• Organizational structures • Financial tools, processes, and
• Total quality management techniques
• Responsibility, authority, and • Developing a master budget
accountability • Revenue cycle and reimbursement
• Developing, implementing, and • Financial considerations (e.g. admitting
updating strategic plans and registration, case
• Accreditation, regulatory, licensing, and management/denials, credit and
certification programs collections)
• Management principles • Management and clinical information
• Promoting organizational effectiveness systems
• Leadership strategies • Legal and ethical issues with electronic
• Strategic change management health records
• Creating a safe and healthy work • Health information exchanges
environment
Healthcare
Quality and Performance Improvement • Future trends in healthcare
• Quality assessment programs and • Role, structure, and funding of various
procedures health care organizations, community
• Regulation in health care organizations health services, and public health
• Continuous quality improvement
• Cost-quality paradigm Patient relations
• Work Hours Per Unit of Service • Patient satisfaction driving change
(WHPUOS) • The relationship between patient
• Data-based decision making satisfaction and reimbursement
• Physician engagement and quality • Measuring and improving patient
satisfaction
Law, Ethics, and Professionalism
• Government regulations and laws in the
healthcare environment
• Healthcare law versus healthcare ethics
• Health insurance regulations
• Application of moral, ethical, and legal
principles
• Root cause analysis
• Protecting patient rights
• Patient safety
• Behavioral health regulations
Human Resources
• Assessing personnel needs
• Recruitment, selection, compensation,
and training
• Personnel evaluation and discipline
• Turnover, satisfaction and burnout
Page | 47
Advanced Nursing (Back to Top)
Nursing Medical Surgical Fundamentals • Musculoskeletal system

Tutors must be knowledgeable about the Nursing Pathophysiology (Cont'd)
fundamentals of nursing including nursing roles, • Integumentary system
settings, health care trends, all body systems and • Cell and body tissue physiology
• Fluid and electrolyte balances
their disorders, emergency and disaster
• Genetic and hereditary disorders
management, and mental health nursing. In
• Inflammation, infection and immune
particular, tutors should be familiar with nursing response systems
care in all of the following areas: • Oncological diseases
• Role of the medical-surgical nurse • Otolaryngology
• Nursing practice and interventions • Ophthalmology
• Health and nursing assessments Nursing Pharmacology
• Diagnostic testing and evaluation • Nursing process in drug therapy
• Care of clients in the following areas: • Pharmacologic principles
o Pain Management • Principles and practices of administration
o Altered fluid electrolyte or acid-base of medication
balance • Drug calculations
o Trauma and shock • Dosage calculations
o Pre- and post surgery • Legal and ethical requirements in drug
o Infections therapy
o Altered immunity • Life span of pharmaceuticals
o Cancer • Gene therapy and pharmacogenetics
o Loss, grief and death • Medication error response and prevention
o Problems with substance abuse • Essential knowledge of the following drug
• Maternal-Child Health (OB) types:
• Pediatrics o Analgesic drugs
• Psychiatric Nursing o General and local anesthetics
Nursing Care Plans o Depressants and muscle relaxants
Tutors must be familiar with all aspects of the o Stimulants and related drugs
creation of nursing care plans including: o Antiepileptic drugs
• Assessment o Psychotherapeutic drugs
• Nursing diagnosis o Antiparkinsonian drugs
• Outcomes and Interventions o Adrenergic drugs
• Creating the Nursing Care Plan o Cholinergic drugs
• Documentation o Heart failure drugs
• Implementation of the Nursing Care Plan o Antidysrhythmic drugs
• Evaluation of the Nursing Care Plan o Antianginal drugs
o Antihypertensive drugs
Nursing Pathophysiology:
o Diuretic drugs
Tutors must be knowledgeable of the following
o Coagulation modifier drugs
systems and associated disorders:
o Antilipemic drugs
o Pituitary drugs
• Cardiovascular system
o Thyroid and antithyroid drugs
• Circulatory system
o Adrenal drugs
• Renal system
o Women’s health drugs
• Respiratory system
o Men’s Health drugs
• Nervous system
o Antihistamines, decongestants
• Gastrointestinal system
and antitussives
• Endocrine system
• Reproductive system
Page | 48
o Bronchodilators and other
respiratory drugs
o Antibiotics
o Antiviral drugs
Nursing Pharmacology (Cont'd)
o Antitubercular drugs
o Antifungal drugs
o Antimalarial, antiprotozoal,
anthelmintic drugs
o Anti-inflammatory and antigout
drugs
o Immunosuppressants
o Immunizing drugs
o Antineoplastic drugs
o Biologic response drugs
o Acid controlling drugs
o Bowel disorder drugs
o Antiemetic and antinausea drugs
o Anemia drugs
o Dermatologic drugs
o Ophthalmic and otic drugs
o Hormones that regulate calcium
and bone metabolism
o Drugs used in oncologic disorders
o OTC drugs, herbal and dietary
supplements
Page | 49
Basic Nursing (Back to Top)
Systems and Associated Disorders Systems and associated disorders seen in all
• Cardiovascular and circulatory stages of childhood (newborn, infant, toddler,
• Endocrine preschooler, school-age, and adolescent)
• Excretory • Cardiovascular system
• Gastrointestinal • Circulatory system
• Immune • Excretory system
• Integumentary • Respiratory system
• Musculoskeletal • Nervous system
• Nervous and sensory • Gastrointestinal system
• Reproductive • Endocrine system
• Respiratory • Reproductive system
Health Assessments • Musculoskeletal system
• Communication with patients and family • Integumentary system
• Diagnostic testing and evaluation • Immune system
• Physical and developmental assessments • Otolaryngology
Health Promotion • Ophthalmology
• Health promotion for pediatric patients Nursing care as it applies to pediatric patients
• Health promotion for the families of • Communication with the patient and
pediatric patients family
• Influences of family on child health • Pediatric nursing skills
promotion • Physical and developmental assessments
• Influences of socioeconomics, culture, and • Diagnostic testing and evaluation
religion on child health promotion • Health promotion for patients in all stages
Nursing Care of childhood (newborn, infant, toddler,
• Chronic illness preschooler, school-age, and adolescent)
• Cognitive and sensory impairment and their families
• Community-based nursing care • Family, social, cultural, and religious
• Disability influences on child health promotion
• End-of-life care • Community-based nursing care
• Family-centered care • Family-centered care at home and during
Interventions hospitalization
• Behavioral • Care of the child and family in the
• Community following
• Family • contexts:
• Health System • Chronic illness
• Physiological • Disability
• Safety • Cognitive and sensory impairment
Professional Performance • End-of-life care
• Advocacy Pediatric variations of standard nursing
• Ethics practices and interventions
• Evidence-based practice and research • Pain assessment and management
• Law and regulation • Altered fluid electrolyte or acid-base
Fundamentals of nursing balance
• Nursing roles, settings, and health care • Medication administration
trends • Trauma and shock
• Pre- and post-surgery
• Infections
• Altered immunity
• Cancer
Page | 50
Mental Health & Psychiatric Nursing (Back to Top)
Abuse and Neglect • Contributing Factors

• Types of Violence • Treatment
• Assessment and Physical Exam
• Nursing Interventions Therapies
• Modeling
Eating Disorders • Operant Conditioning
• Types of Eating Disorders • Systematic Desensitization
• Risk Factors and Assessment • Aversion Therapy
• Symptoms and Behaviors • Natural Therapies (meditation, relaxation,
• Diagnosis deep breathing)
• Treatments
Suicide
Personality Disorders • Risk Factors
• Types of Personality Disorders • Assessment
• Risk Factors • Treatment
• Assessment
• Symptoms Substance Use and Addictive Disorders
• Treatment • Substance Abuse Defined
• Substance Assessment
Neurocognitive Disorders • Dependency
• Types of Neurocognitive Disorders • Withdrawal
• Risk Factors • Common Abusive Substances
• Nursing Interventions • Treatment
Depressive Disorders Psychopharmacological Therapies

• Types of Depressive Disorders • Medications for Anxiety
• Contributing Factors • Medication for Depressive Disorders
• Treatment • Medication for Bipolar Disorder
• Medications for Psychotic Disorders
Psychotic Disorders • Medications for Substance Abuse
• Types of Psychotic Disorders
Page | 51
Nutrition & Dietetics (Back to Top)
Overview of Human Nutrition Cultural Dietetics and Nutrition

• Nutritional sources biochemistry • Diet differences around the world
• Metabolism of food types • Teaching nutrition for various
• Nutrition through the ages effect on cultures
longevity • Food Alternatives & Upcycled Foods
• Nutritional needs over a lifespan • Meal planning for Healthcare,
cultural considerations
Professional Nutrition Management
• Dietetics and Nutritional Counseling Holistic Nutrition
• Adult education principles in practice • The Lymphatic Drainage System
• Nutrition in Disease Management • The Lungs
• Nutrition for Athletics • The Digestive System
• FDA, USDA and Non-Profit Agencies • The Liver
• Professional Development as a Nutritionist • The Skin
• Foodbank management • The Skeletal System
• The Muscular System
Dietetics and Nutrition for Healthy Lifestyles • The Cardiovascular System
• Principles of Nutrition for Health • Kidneys and Bladder
• Nutrition concerns before and during • Hormones
pregnancy • Nervous System
• Dietetics to support breast feeding
• Nutritional needs birth to year one Mental Health & Eating Disorders
• Nutritional requirements year one to year 10 • Anorexia nervosa
• Designing nutritional programs for Jr. High • Bulimia nervosa
students • Binge Eating Disorder
• Great nutrition for High School students • Avoidant-restrictive food intake
• Creating Nutritional guidelines for Adults Disorder
• Teaching Adults nutrition choices for health • Purging Disorder
• Supermarket shopping/teaching nutrition
Page | 52
Medical Coding & Billing (Back to Top)
• Anesthesia
• Medicine
• Nervous system
• Urinary system
• Integumentary system
• Pathology
• Laboratory
• Hemic and lymphatic system
• Practice management
• Medical terminology
• Radiology
• Musculoskeletal system
• Digestive system
• Evaluation and management
• Respiratory system
• Mediastinum and diaphragm
• Male/female genital system
• Maternity and delivery
• Eye and ocular adnexa
-International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (currently ICD-10-CM)
-International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Procedure Coding System
(currently ICD-10-PCS)
-Current Procedural Terminology (CPT)
-Healthcare Common Procedure Coding Systems (HCPCS)
Page | 53
Art History and Appreciation (Back to Top)
Art Historical Periods • Textile arts

• Prehistory • Ceramics
• Ancient Near Eastern/Mesopotamia • Printmaking
• Ancient Egyptian • Installation
• Classical - Crete/Greece/Etruria/Rome • Video/Film/Digital
• Late Antique/Medieval (Europe) • Earthworks
• Byzantium/Islam
• Pre-Columbian/South American/North Artistic Movements
American • Impressionism
• African Art and Architecture • Post-Impressionism
• Art of Asia and Oceania • Abstraction/Expressionism
• Renaissance/Baroque/Rococo • Realism
• 19th Century • Neo-Classicism/Romanticism
• 20th Century • Cubism
• Global Modern/Contemporary (since 1950 CE) • Pop Art
• Surrealism/Dada
Formal Elements and Principles of Design • Performance art
• Composition
• Color Theoretical Approaches
• Texture • Feminist
• Value • Psychoanalysis
• Line • Modernism/Post-modernism
• Shape/Form • Queer theory
• Balance • Hermeneutics
• Emphasis • Archaeology of Knowledge
• Unity/Variety • Reader-response theory
• Scale/Proportion • Marxist
• Rhythm • Formalism/Semiotics
• Time/Motion • Post-Colonial
• Structuralism/Post-structuralism
Artistic Devices • Deconstruction
• Chiaroscuro
• Tenebrism Art Terms
• Linear Perspective • Sublime
• Composite view/twisted perspective • Miniature
• Hierarchy of scale • Portrait
• Calligraphy • Decorative arts
• Trompe l’oeil • Academy/Salon
• Foreshortening • Aesthetics
• Impasto • Narrative
• Plein-air painting • Still-life
• Memento mori • Avant-garde
• Genre painting
Artistic Media • Iconography
• Drawing • Landscape
• Painting (tempera/oil/watercolor/fresco) • Symbol
• Collage • Naturalism
• Sculpture • Vanishing point
• Mosaic • History painting
• Photography
Page | 54
English (Back to Top)
Elementary (Grades 4-6)

• Adjectives • Graphemes • Prefix/Suffix
• Adverbs • Letter Writing • Presentations
• Antonyms • Literary Analysis • Pronouns
• Compare/Contrast • Literary Device • Punctuation and
• Connotation • Literary Themes Capitalization
• Contractions • Non-Fiction • Reading Comprehension
• Cross-Curricular • Nouns • Research Skills
Reading/Writing • Paragraphs • Root Words
• Denotation • Parts of Speech • Sentence Structure
• Extract ideas from a variety • Phonemes • Synonyms
of texts • Plays and Theater • Verbs
• Fiction • Poetry • Vocabulary
• Grammar • Point of View • Writing Sentences
Middle Grades (Grades 7-8)
• Characterization • Literary Criticism • Punctuation and

• Connotation • Literary Devices Capitalization
• Content Area Literacy • Literary Themes • Reading Comprehension
• Contextual Analysis • Modes of Persuasion • Research Skills - Sources
• Denotation • Narrative and Documentation
• Elements of a Story • Non-Fiction • Sentence Structure
• Grammar • Oral Communication • Subject Area Themes
• Interdisciplinary Subjects • Plays and Theater • Theme
• Interpreting Graphs in Text • Point of View • Vocabulary
• Literary Analysis • Prose and Poetry
High School (Grades 9-12)
• Argument • Literary Themes • Prose and Poetry

• Copyright • Logical Development of • Punctuation and
• Exposition Ideas Capitalization
• Expression through writing • Multimedia • Reading Comprehension
and presenting Communication • Research Skills
• Figures of Speech • Oral Communication • Sources and
• Functional Texts • Organizational Features of Documentation
• Grammar Text (APA/MLA/Chicago/Turabia
• Literary Analysis • Persuasion n)
• Literary Criticism • Plays and Theater • Viewing Media
• Literary Devices • Point of View • Visual Communication
• Literary Periods • Presenting Media • Vocabulary
Page | 55
Literature (Back to Top)
Literary Periods and Movements Prose Fiction

• Medieval Literature • Short stories
• Renaissance Literature • Novellas
• The Enlightenment • Novels
• Romanticism • World Fiction Traditions
• Transcendentalism
• Victorian Literature Poetry
• Realism • Epic
• Naturalism • Elegy
• Modernism • Ballad
• Post Modernism • Lyric
• Existentialism • Sonnet Italian / English
• Post-Colonial Literature • Prosody: Rhyme / Meter
/ Rhythm / Stanza
Literary Criticism • World Poetry Traditions
• Formalism
• Historical Criticism and New Historicism Literary Elements
• Feminist and Gender Criticism • Character Types /
• Psychological/Sociological Criticism Development
• Reader Response Criticism • Plot Structure
• Structuralism/ Deconstruction • Theme
• Mythological Criticism • Narrative Point of View:
• Marxist Criticism First, Second, Third
Person
Prose Nonfiction • Setting: Geographic,
• Essay Historical, Socio-
• Biography Economic
• Creative Nonfiction • Versification
Dramatic Elements/Genres Literary Devices

• Drama: Tragedy / Comedy / Tragicomedy / Heroic • Symbolism/ Metaphor/
• Classical Drama Simile
• Medieval Mystery/Miracle Plays • Hyperbole and
• Renaissance Theater Synecdoche
• Comedy of Manners/Farce/Satire • Allegory
• World Drama Traditions • Irony: Verbal / Dramatic
• Figurative Language:
Imagery
• Mimesis/ Metonymy
Page | 56
Essay Writing (Back to Top)
Types of Writing
• Literary Analysis
• Personal Essays
• Compare/Contrast Essays
• Explanatory Essays
• College Application Essays
• Creative Writing
• Letters, Memos, and Emails
Thesis Statements
• Argument/Persuasion
• Descriptive
• Expository
• Narrative
Idea Development
• Synthesis of Ideas
• Supporting Ideas with Evidence
• Expanding Ideas
• Showing Instead of Telling
Essay Structure
• 5-Paragraph Essays
• Topic Sentences
• Body Paragraph Structure
• Transitions
• Introductions
• Conclusions
Source Documentation
• Academic Integrity
• Using Sources Effectively
• MLA Format
• APA Format
Grammar/Mechanics
• Grammar
• Punctuation
• Spelling
• Academic Tone
• Avoiding Wordiness & Redundancy
Page | 57
College English (Back to Top)
Grammar Tone
• Parts of Speech • Formality
• Sentence Structure • Word Choice
• Ending Strategies • Clarity
• Consistent Tense • Academic Expression
• Subject-Verb Agreement • Point of View
• Noun-Pronoun Agreement • Bias
• Active vs. Passive Voice
Mechanics and Usage
• Punctuation Vocabulary
• Spelling • Synonyms/Antonyms
• Capitalization • Academic Word Choice
• Homophones
• Comma-splices
• Run-ons
• Incomplete Sentences
Reading
• Evaluating Sources
• Summary/Paraphrase
• Analyzing Texts
• Literary Devices
• APA (American Psychological Association)
• MLA (Modern Language Association)
• Chicago/Turabian
Style
• Varied Sentence Structure
• Qualifiers
• Positive Form
• Concrete Language
• Concise Writing
Page | 58
College Essay Writing (Back to Top)
NOTE: Tutors wishing to tutor College Essay Writing are expected to be familiar with all concepts on this
list in addition to the College English list.
Reading
• Literary Devices
• Comprehension
• Summary/Paraphrase
• APA/MLA/Turabian-Chicago
• Evaluating Sources
• Integrating Sources
Modes of Persuasion
• Logical Fallacies
• Argument Types (Toulmin, Rogerian, Classical/Aristotelian)
Writing Process
• Prewriting Strategies
• Thesis Statement
• Organizational Structure
• Grammar and Mechanics
Writing Purpose
• Analysis
• Narrative
• Persuasive
• Work-Related
• Speech Writing
Page | 59
Doctoral Writing (Back to Top)
Proofreading
• Spelling, punctuation, capitalization
Copy Editing
• Grammar
• Syntax
• Consistency of terms
Formatting
• Reference page
• Citations
• Headings
• Auditing references and citations
• Table of Contents
• Headers and footers
• Appendix, tables, and figures
• Spacing
• Pagination
Scholarly Writing
• Concise language
• Sentence structure
• Transitions between paragraphs
• Organization of thoughts and sections
• Flow
• Academic Tone
Argument
• Clarity of ideas
• Non-biased, logical argument
• Alignment of argument throughout the manuscript
Page | 60
Primary (K-2) Reading (Back to Top)
Vocabulary & Word Recognition

• Phonemic awareness
• Root words and affixes
• High-frequency words
• Syllabication patterns
• Context clues
Comprehension
• Main idea and supporting details
• Central message, lesson, or moral
• Making predictions
• Questioning
Text Structure
• Setting
• Characterization
• Plot
• Compare and contrast
• Order and sequence
Author's Craft
• Point of view
• Author and illustrator role
• Illustrations' relationship to the text
• Author's purpose
Recognizing Text
• Fiction
• Non-fiction
• Poetry
Page | 61
Midlevel (7-8) ELA (Back to Top)
Vocabulary Application
• Figurative language
• Connotative language
• Vocabulary in isolation
• Vocabulary in context
Comprehension
• Analyzing
• Synthesizing
• Making inferences and interpretations
• Identifying biases
• Citing textual evidence
• Evaluating claims
Text Structure
• Plot development
• Cause and effect
• Poetry and drama structure
Author's Craft
• Theme
• Central ideas
• Point of view
• Tone and mood
• Literary devices
Understanding Genres
• Poetry
• Drama
• Fictional narrative
• Informational texts
• Non-fiction
• Film vs audio vs text
Writing
• Research
• Narrative
• Informative/Explanatory
• Argument
Page | 62
Elementary (3-6) Reading (Back to Top)
Vocabulary Acquisition
• Context clues
• Root words and affixes
• Figures of speech
• Phonemic Awareness
• Consulting dictionaries and thesauruses
Comprehension
• Analyzing
• Synthesizing
• Making predictions and inferences
• Summarizing
• Main idea and supporting details
Text Structure
• Characterization
• Setting
• Plot
• Cause and effect
• Problem/Solution
Author's Craft
• Theme
• Point of view
• Tone and mood
• Author's purpose
• Literary devices
Understanding Genres
• Poetry
• Drama
• Fictional narrative
• Informational texts
• Non-fiction
Page | 63
Primary ELL (Back to Top)
Use of English Speaking

• Articles • Daily communication
• Comparisons and Superlatives • Differences between English pronunciation
• Conditionals and spelling
• Contractions • Idioms
• Countable and uncountable nouns • Presentations
• Determiners • Phonemic awareness
• Indirect speech
• Participial adjectives Listening
• Passive and active voice • Identifying main ideas vs. details
• Passive causatives • Listening comprehension strategies
• Phrase usage • Processing contextual audio
• Prepositions • Visual organizers
• Pronouns
• Relative clauses Reading
• Tag questions • Analysis of figurative language
• Time expressions • Concepts of print
• Uses of gerunds and infinitives • High-frequency sight words
• Using dictionaries • Reading comprehension strategies
• Verbs • Phonics as used in Primary ELL
• Vocabulary • Rhyme
• Word form • Segmenting
• Visual organizers
Writing
• Conventions of standard written English Pedagogy of ELL
syntax • Concept of communicative competence
• Linking words and text organizers • Differences among languages
• Essay structure and development • Error correction strategies
• Parallel structure • Literacy learning strategies
• Research skills
• Spelling
• Stages of the writing process
Page | 64
ELL (Back to Top)
Grammar and mechanics • Listening for gist/main idea vs details

• Capitalization rules • Note-taking while listening
• Determiners • Processing academic lectures, presentations, etc.
• Direct and indirect speech • Reviewing vocabulary/content concepts in
• Grammatical moods preparation
• Modifier placement • Using visual organizers
• Noun-pronoun agreement
• Parts of speech (types and usage) Writing
• Punctuation rules • Academic writing style
• Sentence diagraming • Active vs passive voice
• Sentence structure variations • Citing Sources (MLA, APA, Chicago/Turabian)
• Sentence types • Combining sentences: subordination and
• Spelling coordination
• Subject-verb agreement • Conciseness vs wordiness
• Consistency in point of view
Building vocabulary • Consistency in verb tense, mood, voice
• Academic vocabulary • Creating cohesive paragraphs
• Cognates • Essay structure and development
• Contextual vocabulary activities • Formal and informal writing
• Conversational (social) vocabulary • Parallel structure in sentences
• Homonyms, homophones, and homographs • Paraphrasing, summarizing, quoting
• Idioms • Research skills
• Inferring word meaning through context • Run-ons, comma splices, sentence fragments
• Root words and affixes • Transitional words and phrases
• Semantic mapping/graphic organizers • Types of essays
• Synonyms vs antonyms
• Using a dictionary Speaking
• Conversational and academic English
Reading comprehension • Pronunciation and speaking practice strategies
• Analysis of figurative language • Speeches and oral presentations
• Comparing and contrasting • Strategies to overcome speaking anxiety
• Distinguishing between fact and opinion
• Drawing conclusions Pedagogy
• Evaluating sources • Knowledge of stages of proficiency for ELL
• Identifying main ideas vs details students
• Inferring meaning through context • Listening and responding to student feedback
• Note-taking while reading • Using sheltered instruction strategies
• Predicting content/previewing • Speaking slowly and increasing wait time for
• Sequencing responses
• Summarizing • Using culturally responsive approaches
• Types of text (key components) • Using effective language modeling
• Using visual organizers (story maps, diagrams, etc.) • Using multiple modalities to increase
understanding
Listening Comprehension • Using scaffolding techniques
• Identifying language signposts while listening
• Inferring word meaning through context while
listening
Page | 65
Symbolic Logic (Back to Top)
Inferences and Arguments (Premises and • Natural deduction in propositional logic

Conclusions) • Rules of implication and replacement
• Recognition of argument • Proving logical truths
• Validity • Predicate Logic
• Soundness • Symbols and translation
• Contingency • Change of Quantifier
• Factual Statements • Relational and Overlapping Quantifiers
• Invalidity • Translations in monadic predicate logic
• Form versus Content • Translations in polyadic predicate logic
• Statements and Propositions • Complex predicates
• Deductive versus inductive logic • Wide-scope quantifiers
• Sentential logic • Derivations in predicate logic
• Terms, predicates, variables, and pronouns • Symbolizing the statement form
• Compound formals • Logic Truth Trees
• Necessary versus sufficient conditions • Propositional Logic
• Statement connectives • Predicate Logic
• Truth-functional derivations
Categorical Propositions
• Components of a Categorical Proposition
• Venn diagrams and the square of opposition
• Aristotelian versus Boolean logic
Categorical Syllogisms
• Standard form, mood, and figure
• Venn diagrams applied to syllogisms
• Rules
• Fallacies of Relevance
• Fallacies of Ambiguity
Propositional Logic
• Symbols and translation
• Truth functions
• Truth tables
• Tautology, contradiction, contingency, and
replacement
• Complex truth-functional formals
• If statements versus Only if statements
• Symbolizing the statement form
Page | 66
Introduction to Criminal Justice (Back to Top)
• Ethical Issues in Justice and Security

• Criminological Theory
• Information Technology
• Policy Issues
• Physical and Personal Protection
• Response Planning and Crisis Management
• Weapons and Personal Protective Equipment
• Management of Criminal Justice Organizations
• Victimology
• Critical Incident Planning and Preparedness
• Governmental Regulation of Policing Policies
• Forensic Science
Page | 67
Introduction to Ethics (Back to Top)
Normative Ethical Theories Key Ethical Terms

• Egoism • Autonomy
• Consequentialism • Free Will and Determinism
• Deontological Ethics • Sympathy and Empathy
• Obligatory and Super obligatory Actions • Good and Evil
• Hedonism • Happiness
• Stoic Ethics • Pleasure and Pain
• Pragmatic Ethics • Normative
• Virtue Ethics • Justice
• Existentialism/Radical Freedom
• Feminist Ethics Key Ethical Thought Experiments
• Trolley Problem
Metaethics • Veil of Ignorance
• Moral Realism and Anti-Realism • Utility Monster
• Naturalism and Non-Naturalism • Experience Machine
• Cognitivism and Non-Cognitivism • Violinist
• Objectivism and Subjectivism • Ring of Gyges
• Divine Command Theory (Theological • Drowning Child
Voluntarism) • Organ Transplant
• Error Theory
• Is-Ought Gap Key Ethical Philosophers
• Moral Relativism • Plato
• Aristotle
Applied Ethics • Thomas Aquinas
• Bioethics • Immanuel Kant
• Business Ethics • John Stuart Mill
• Animal Ethics • Peter Singer
• Religious Ethics • Derek Parfit
• Political Ethics • John Rawls
• Sexual Ethics • Robert Nozick
• Environmental Ethics • Philippa Foot
• Social Justice • Judith Butler
Page | 68
Introduction to Philosophy (Back to Top)
Ancient Philosophy
• Greek (Thales, Pythagoras, Zeno of Elea, Skeptics, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle)
• Hellenistic Philosophy (Epicurus, Stoicism)
• Philosophy & religion (Saint Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, Anselm of Canterbury)
Early Modern Philosophy

• The Renaissance (Humanism, Machiavelli, Hobbes)
• Descartes (Doubt & Existence, Mind & Body)
• Locke (Origin of ideas, British Moralists)
• Hume (Empiricism, Scientific Methods, Skepticism)
Recent Modern Philosophy

• The Enlightenment
• Kant (Ethics, Philosophy of Mind, Moral Philosophy)
• Idealism (Transcendental Ego, Objective Reality)
• Utilitarianism (John Stuart Mill, Women's Rights, Individual Liberty)
Contemporary Philosophy
• Phenomenology
• Existentialism (Kierkegaard, Nietzsche)
• Pragmatism (Charles Sanders Pierce, William James, John Dewey)
• Post Modernism
• Ludwig Wittgenstein (Analysis of Language)
Eastern Philosophy
• Buddha
• Daoism
• Confucius
Branches and Foundations in Philosophy

• Metaphysics (Ontology, Mind, Spirit)
• Epistemology (Agnotology, Alethiology, Truth, Belief, Validity)
• Axiology (Value Theory)
• Ethics
• Aesthetics
• Logic & Reasoning (Critical thinking, Deductive, Inductive, Syllogism, Formal, Informal)
• Applied Philosophy (Law, Education, Math, Religion, Science, Engineering)
• Metatheory
• Schools & Traditions
• Social Philosophy (Feminism, Politics, Language)
Page | 69
Introduction to Psychology (Back to Top)
History and Research Developmental

• Approaches/schools of psychology • Types of development
• Research approaches • Gender, sex, and sexuality
• Ethics in research, clinical and applied • Heredity and environment
psychology • Lifespan: prenatal through geriatric
• Developmental research methods
Biopsychology
• Physiological research techniques Personality
• Nervous system – functional organization • Assessment: measuring personality
• Neurons, electrical and chemical signaling • Theories of personality
• Neuroanatomy • Self-concept and self-esteem
• Animal models in psychology, evolution Psychological disorders
• Genetics • Defining “normality” and “abnormality”
• Neuroplasticity • Anxiety disorders
• Dissociative disorders
Sensation and Perception • Mood disorders
• Sensory systems & receptors • Neurocognitive disorders
• Attention • Personality disorders
• Perceptual processes • Psychoses
• Psychophysical mechanisms • Somatoform disorders
• Health, stress, coping
Consciousness
• Sleep and dreaming Treatment
• Sleep and dreaming • Psychological therapies
• Meditation • Medical therapies, psychopharmacology
• Psychoactive drugs and consciousness • Community psychology
Conditioning and Learning Social psychology

• Biological (neural) basis for learning • Aggression & antisocial behavior
• Classical conditioning • Attitudes, attitude change
• Operant conditioning • Attribution processes
• Observational learning • Conformity, compliance & obedience
• Cognitive processes in learning • Group dynamics
• Constructivism • Interpersonal perception
• Social learning, Implicit learning • Cultural influences
Cognition Statistics, tests, measurement

• Memory • Descriptive & inferential statistics
• Language (definitions)
• Thinking • Measurement, operational definitions
• Problem solving • Reliability and validity
• Intelligence • Samples, populations, standardization &
norms
Motivation, emotion
• Biological basis
• Social motivation
• Theories of emotion
• Stress
Page | 70
Cultural Anthropology (Back to Top)
Cultural Anthropology
• Subdisciplines of Anthropology
• Culture
• Method and Theory
• Applied Anthropology
Language and Art

• Communication and Language
• Art and Media
Ethnicity, Gender and Religion

• Race and Ethnicity
• Gender and Sexuality
• Religion
Politics and Economics

• Subsistence
• Political Arrangements
Kinship and Marriage

• Kinship
• Marriage
Global Perspective
• Colonialism and Global Systems
• Trade
• Ecology
• Current Issues
Page | 71
Political Science (Back to Top)
American Politics Methodology in Political Science

• Structure of Federal and Local • Research Design
Governments • Research Ethics
• Civil Rights and Liberties • Qualitative Method
• Political Behavior and Culture • Quantitative Method
• Communication and Political • Statistical Inference
Strategies • Data Collection and
• Homeland Security Interpretation
• Current Political Issues
• Institutions Political Thoughts
• The Meaning of Politics
Comparative Politics • Freedom and Social Contract
• The Modern State • Power, War and Conflicts
• Identity • Justice and Law
• Regimes and Governing • Individual v. Collective Rights
Institutions • Political Culture and Behavior
• Participation and Representation
• Political Economy Public Policy
• Conflicts and Violence • Contexts of Public Policy
• Intercultural Awareness • Economic Issues
• Environmental Policies
International Relations • Criminal Justice
• Realist Theories • Morality and the Role of
• Liberal and Social Theories Religion
• Globalization and Global • Social Policies
Citizenship • Defense Policies Subdisciplines
• Violence, Terrorism and of Anthropology
Counter-Terrorism
• International Organizations and
Law
• Foreign Policy
• International Security and
Military Strategies
• Geopolitics and Human
Geography
Page | 72
Research Methods (Back to Top)
Scientific Method Qualitative research

• Cause and effect • Naturalistic observation
• Research hypotheses • Case study
• Testability • Focus groups
Developing research ideas • Coding and categorizing
• Defining and using constructs Small-N and single-subject designs
• Theories, models, and hypotheses • Phases and phase changes
• Pilot research • Reversal designs
Literature searches • Multiple baseline designs
• Conducting a literature search • Evaluating single-subject research
• Evaluating quality of sources Quantitative research and Experimental Design
• Peer review • Independent variables
• Reading journal articles • Dependent variables and measurement
Research ethics choices
• Belmont report • Control
• Deception • Counterbalancing
• Institutional Review Boards and human- • Extraneous variables
subjects research • Confounding variables
• Animal Care and Use Committees and • Group selection
non-human subjects • One factor, two or more groups
Bias • Factorial designs
• Experimenter bias • Interaction
• Participant bias • Sample size and power
• Research and Culture Evaluating Research
Sampling • Hypothesis testing
• Populations and samples • Appropriate statistical tests for
• Probability sampling methods experimental design
• Nonprobability sampling • Interpreting statistical results
• Sampling Error • Effect size
Validity and Reliability • Drawing conclusions
• Internal validity • Generalizability
• External validity • Causality
• Threats to validity
• Measurement
• Inter-rater reliability
Non-Experimental & Quasi-Experimental
Research
• Correlational studies
• Pre-Post, time-series, and longitudinal
designs
• Quasi-independent variables
• Ex Post Facto research
• Survey construction and administration
• Likert scale questions
• Tests, Inventories, and self-report
Tutors should be familiar with parametric and nonparametric hypothesis tests included in the
College Statistics subject.
Page | 73
Introduction to Sociology (Back to Top)
History and Theory • Inequalities

• Purpose of Sociology • Dominant Group
• Sociological Imagination • Minority Group(s)
• Structural Functionalism • Discrimination, Prejudice, Racism
• Conflict Theory • Homogeneity and Heterogeneity
• Symbolic Interactionism Gender/Sex
• Social Exchange Theory • Biological Traits
• Ethnomethodology • Gender Norms
• Individual and Society • Gender Orders
• Social Context of Time, Place, and Location • Masculinity/Femininity
• Macro- and Micro- Approaches • Personal Identity
Theories of Self • Feminism
• Socialization and the Self • Heterosexism
• Looking Glass Sexuality
• "I" and "Me" • Sexual Attraction
• Dramaturgy • Relationship with Sex and Gender
• Status • Non-binary sexuality
• Role Conflict, Strain, Performance, and • Sexual Harassment
Expectation • Homophobia
• Emotions Social Institutions and the Family
Culture and Society • Education
• Norms, Customs, Traditions, Values, Symbols, • Schooling and Social Class
and Language • Types of Families
• Ethnocentrism • Nuclear/Extended
• Cultural Relativism • Types of Marriage
• Group Behavior • Religion
• Power • Protestant Work Ethic
• Authority • Religious Organization - Denominations, Cult,
• Leadership Church, Sect
Social Class • Types of Politics
• Class Systems • Capitalism, Socialism, and Communism
• Inequality • Demography
• Income and Wealth • Deindustrialization
• Subcultures • Migration
• Labor Market • Health
• Division of Labor • Morbidity and Mortality
• Economic Systems Social Change
• Privilege and Oppression • Social Change and Dilemmas
• Social Mobility • Threat to Social Order
Deviance and Social Control • Group Reluctance
• Deviance • Social Change and Movements
• Labelling Research Methods
• Misdemeanor and Felony • Qualitative Methods
• Group Dynamics • Quantitative Methods
• Criminal Justice, Punishment • Mixed Methods
• Social Control • Independent and Dependent Variables
• Stigma • Mean/Median/Mode
Race/Ethnicity • Sample
• Common Culture • Hypothesis
• Shared Experience
• Divisions
Race/Ethnicity (Cont'd)
Page | 74
Introductory Accounting (Back to Top)
Financial Reporting and Accounting Cycle Accounting for Corporations

• Accrual vs. cash accounting • Entries for stock
• Worksheets and t-accounts • Entries for dividends
• Adjusting Entries • Stock splits
• Financial Statement Preparation (including • Financial ratio analysis
direct/indirect statement of cash flows) • Treasury stock
• Closing Entries
Accounting for Investments
Accounting for Service and Merchandising • Accounting for investments in stocks
Companies (purchase, sale, equity method, fair value
• Journal Entries method, etc.)
• Multi-step income statements • Accounting for investments in bonds
• Perpetual vs. periodic
• LIFO, FIFO, & weighted average Bonds Payable
• Accounting for uncollectible accounts • Accounting for bonds
(allowance method vs. direct write off • TVM Analysis for bonds
method) • Amortization & amortization tables
Internal Controls & Cash Payroll and Taxes

• Bank reconciliations • Accounting for taxes
• Petty cash • Accounting for payroll
Accounting for Property, Plant, and Managerial Accounting

Equipment • Job order costing
• Entries for PPE purchases • Process costing
• Entries for PPE sales/disposal • Activity-based costing
• Depreciation (straight-line, double- • Cost-volume-profit analysis
declining-balance, units-of-production) • Variable vs. absorption costing
• Budgets
Accounting for Partnerships
• Forming a partnership Planning, control, and performance evaluation
• Income allocation • Differential analysis
• Partner admission/withdrawal • Capital investment decisions
• Partnership liquidation
Page | 75
Intermediate Accounting (Back to Top)
Accounting Cycle, Financial Statements, & Conceptual Debt

Framework • Bond Pricing
• Accrual vs. Cash • Bond Issues and Retirements
• Adjusting Entries
• Extraordinary Items Equity
• Financial Statement Presentation/Disclosures • Issuance of Capital Stock
• Conceptual Framework • Treasury Stock Transactions
• Cash and Stock Dividends
Statement of Cash Flows • Accounting for Share-Based
• Indirect Method Compensation
• Direct Method
• Investing and Financing Cash Flows Investment in Debt and Equity
Securities
Time Value of Money • Classification of Investment
• PV and FV of Lump Sump Securities
• PV and FV of Annuities • Revenue Recognition from
• Deferred Annuities Investment Securities
• Accounting for Change in Value
Revenue Recognition Issues of Securities
• Revenue Recognition Criteria • Sale of Securities
• Revenue from Long Term Contracts
• Revenue from Installment Sales Leases
• Revenue from Multi-Component Sales • Lease Classification Criteria
• Accounting for Capital Leases
Revenue, Receivables, and Cash Cycle • Accounting for Operating Leases
• Sales Adjustments (discounts, returns, allowances)
• Notes Receivable Income Taxes
• Sale of Receivables • Calculating Deferred Assets and
• Cash and Cash Equivalents Liabilities
• Estimating Uncollectible Receivables and Net • Carryback and Carryforward of
Realizable Value Operating Losses
Inventory and Cost of Goods Sold EPS & Advanced Statement Analysis
• Perpetual vs. Periodic Inventory Systems • Basic or Diluted EPS
• Inventory Valuation Methods • Comparative ratio interpretation
• Lower of Cost or Market
• Special Issues: In Transit, Consignment, Purchase Special Issues: Pensions,
Adjustments Contingencies, Errors, Accounting
Changes
Noncurrent Operating Assets • Pensions
• Establishing Asset Cost • Contingencies
• Valuation of Assets/Impairment • Changes in Accounting Principle
• Depreciation and Amortization Methods • Changes in Accounting Estimate
• Retirement, Sale, or Exchange of Assets • Error Corrections
Page | 76
Cost Accounting (Back to Top)
• Activity Based Costing

• Budgetary Planning and Control
• Cost & Revenue concepts
• Cost-Volume-Profit
• Inventory Valuation
• Job Order Costing
• Manufacturing inventories
• Motivating Employees to Perform
• Process Costing
• Ratio Analysis
• Transfer Pricing
• Working Capital Management
Page | 77
Managerial Accounting (Back to Top)
• Budgetary Planning and Control

• Capital Budgeting
• Capital Structure
• Cost-Volume-Profit
• Incremental Analysis
• Job Order Costing
• Manufacturing inventories
• Motivating Employees to Perform
• Process Costing
• Product costs v. period costs
• Ratio Analysis
• Transfer Pricing
• Working Capital Management
Page | 78
Tax Accounting (Back to Top)
• 1120
• Business Income and Deductions
• Compensation
• Corporate Formation, Reorganization, and Liquidation
• Corporate Operations
• Corporation: Nonliquidating Distributions
• Dispositions of Partnership Interests
• Entities Overview
• Forming and Operating Non-Profits
• Forming and Operating Partnerships
• Income and Exclusions
• Individual Deductions
• Individual Income Tax
• Individual Income Tax Computation and Tax Credits
• Intro to Tax
• Investments
• Property Acquisition and Cost Recovery
• Property Dispositions
• Retirement Savings and Deferred Compensation
• S Corporations
• State and Local Taxes
• Tax Compliance
• Tax Consequences of Home Ownership
• Tax Planning
• Transfer Taxes and Wealth Planning
• U.S. Taxation of Multinational Transactions
Page | 79
Auditing (Back to Top)
Audit Reports
• Types of Audit Reports and Audit Opinions
• Components of an Audit Report
Quality Control Standards

• Elements of a System of Quality Control
• Acceptance and Continuance of Client Relationships
• Evaluating and Communicating Deficiencies
• Documentation of the system of internal control
Audit Risk and Analytical Procedures

• Materiality and Risk
• Audit Risk Model
• Internal Control and Control Risk
• Inherent Risk
• Planned Detection Risk
• Analytical Review Techniques
Professional Ethics and Legal Liability

• Auditor selection, compensation and termination
• Auditor vs Client responsibility for auditing statements
• Rights and Responsibilities of Auditors
Audit Evidence
• Types of Audit Evidence
• Procedures for Obtaining Evidence
• Sources of Substantive Audit Evidence
Fraud
• Types of Fraud
• Assessing the Risk of Fraud
• Responsibilities When Fraud is Suspected
Page | 80
Introductory Economics (Back to Top)
Intro Microeconomics • Market Efficiency, Market Inefficiency, and

Basic Supply and Demand (Algebra-Based) Market
• The Demand Curve and Quantity Demanded • Failure
• The Supply Curve and Quantity Supplied • Positive Externalities, Negative Externalities,
• Equilibrium and Market Demand and
• Shortages, Surpluses, and Subsidies • Solutions for Externalities
• Taxes, Regulations, Price Controls, Price Behavioral Economics (Cont'd)
Ceilings, • Adverse Selection and Moral Hazard
o and Price Floors • Public Goods and Private Goods
• Consumer Surplus and Producer Surplus • The Tragedy of the Commons and the Coase
• Deadweight Loss • Theorem
• Income Effect and Substitution Effect Introduction to the Labor Market
Production Possibilities Frontier (Algebra-Based) • Supply of and Demand for Labor
• Opportunity Cost • Marginal Product of Labor
• Comparative Advantage and Absolute • Types of Wages
Advantage • Tournament Theory
• Gains and Losses from Trade
• Marginal Rate of Substitution Intro Macroeconomics
Consumer Theory (Algebra-Based) National Economic Models and Growth Theories
• Price Elasticity of Demand • Classical and Neoclassical Economic Models
• Cross-Price Elasticity • Keynesian and New Keynesian Economic
• Price Elasticity of Supply Models
• Consumer Utility and Marginal Utility • Business Cycles and Shocks to Aggregate
Monopoly and Oligopoly Behavior (Algebra-Based) Demand
• Monopoly Structure and Power • Classical Growth Models
• Monopoly Price Determination and Monopoly • Solow-Swan Growth Model
Marginal Revenue National Accounts, Price Indices, and the Circular
• Monopoly Deadweight Loss and Inefficiency Flow of Expenditures
• Price Discrimination • Gross Domestic Product and Gross Domestic
• Monopolistic Competition • Income
• Economies of Scale • Gross National Product and Gross National
• Oligopoly Structure and Power Income
• Cartels, Cheating, and Breakdown of Cartels • GDP Cycles, Real GDP, and Nominal GDP
Perfect Competition and Managerial Economics • Economic Growth and Loss
(Algebra-Based) • GDP Deflator
• Profit Maximization • Consumer Price Indices
• Short-Run Costs and Lost-Run Costs • CPI Deflator
• Marginal Cost, Average Cost, Fixed Costs, National Investment and Savings
Variable • Marginal Propensity to Consume
• Costs, and Total Cost • Marginal Propensity to Save
• Marginal Profit, Average Profit, and Total Profit • The Multipliers
• Industry Supply and Demand Curves National Labor Market and Labor Force
• Uncertainty and Sunk Costs Participation
Game Theory • Supply of and Demand for Labor
• Nash Equilibrium • National Labor Market Equilibrium
• Prisoners’ Dilemma • Causes and Types of Unemployment
• Application to Oligopoly and Competition • Labor Force Participation Rates
Behavioral Economics • Full Employment Output
Fiscal Policy, Taxation, and Federal Spending
Page | 81
• Income Taxes and Corporate Income Taxes • Investments
• Balanced Budgets and Government Debt • Stocks, Bonds, and Returns on Investment
• Transfer Payments and Federal Spending • Simple and Compound Interest
• Insurance and Welfare Economic Ethics and Public Policy
Monetary Policy and National Banking • Cultural Goods, Paternalism, and Exploitation
• Fractional Reserve Banking System and • Fair and Equal Treatment
Reserve Economic Ethics and Public Policy (Cont’d)
• Ratios • Immigration and Meddlesome Preferences
• The Power, Functions, and Tools of the Federal • Poverty, Inequality, and Distribution of Income
• Reserve • Special Interest Groups
Monetary Policy and National Banking (Cont’d) Political Economy
• Levels of the Money Supply • Democracy, Growth, and Famine
• Positive and Negative Shocks to the Money • Median Voter Theorem
Supply • Rational Ignorance and Voter Myopia
Inflation and Quantity Theory of Money • Political Business Cycles
• Types and Causes of Inflation International Economics
• The Phillips Curve • Balance of Payments
• Quantity Theory of Money • Imports, Exports, and Trade Balance Behavior
• Introduction to Savings, Investment, and • Tariffs and Protectionism
Finance • Types of Exchange Rates
• The Market for Loanable Funds • Currency Speculation
• Supply of and Demand for Money
• The Role of Intermediaries and Types of
Page | 82
Intermediate Macroeconomics (Back to Top)
Capital, Investment, and Market for Loanable Funds* • Causes and Types of Unemployment
• Changes in and Factors of Capital Stock: Tobin’s Q • Labor Force Participation Rates
• Cost of Capital and the Demand for Investment • Full Employment Output
• The Market for Loanable Funds • Labor/Leisure Choice
• Keynesian Cross • Productivity Shocks
• Marginal Product of Capital • Reservation Wages and Wage Determination
• Types of Interest Rates Aggregate Supply and Demand*
National Consumption and National Savings* • The AS-AD Model
• Budget Constraints and Consumption Functions • Aggregate Demand and Long Run Aggregate
• Income Shocks and Intertemporal Choice • Supply
• Measuring National Savings • Shifting Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply
• The Marginal Propensity to Consume, the Marginal • and the AS-AD Equilibrium
• Propensity to Consume, and the Multipliers • The IS-LM Model
National Economic Models and Growth Theories* • Shifting the IS-LM Curves and the IS-LM
• Classical and Neoclassical Economic Models Equilibrium
• Savings and Investment Economic Models Inflation, Quantity Theory of Money, and Theory of
• Consumption and Savings Economic Models Liquidity
• Keynesian and New Keynesian Economic Models • Causes and Types of Inflation
• Business Cycles • Inflation and Unemployment: The Phillips Curve
• Fischer Economic Models • Quantity Theory of Money
• Stylized Facts • Velocity of Money
• Classical Growth Models • Levels of the Money Supply
• Endogenous Growth Model • Positive and Negative Shocks to the Money Supply
• Solow-Swan Growth Model • Theory of Liquidity
Endowment and Production Economies Monetary Policy and National Banking
• Production Economy Model and Production • National Banking Systems, Tools, Federal Reserve
• Economy Problems • The Role and Structure of Intermediaries
• Effects of Change in Production Economies • The Fisher Effect and the Laffer Curve
• Production Equilibrium • The Supply of and Demand for Money
• Endowment Economy Model and Endowment • Money Neutrality, Money Non-Neutrality, and
Economy Problems • Monetary Equilibrium
• Endowment Equilibrium • Rational and Irrational Expectations
Fiscal Policy and Government Debt • Welfare Improving Stabilization Policy
• Balanced Budgets, Tax Smoothing, Stabilization • Currency Printing and Seigniorage
• Policies • Ex Ante Outcomes, Ex Post Outcomes, Multiple
• Government Deficits and Government Spending • Equilibria, and Animal Spirits
• Government Transfer and Taxation Policies International Economics
• Traditional View of Government Debt • Imports, Exports, and Trade Policies
• Ricardian Debt and Ricardian Equivalence Theorem • Trade Balance Behavior
National Accounts, Price Indices, and the Circular Flow • Foreign Exchange Markets/Foreign Exchange Rates
of Expenditures • Currency Speculation and Signal Watching
• Gross Domestic Product/Gross Domestic Income • Balance of Payments
• Gross National Product/Gross National Income • Income Equality and Inequality: The Gini
• GDP Cycles, Real GDP, and Nominal GDP Coefficient
• Economic Growth and Loss • and Autarky
• GDP Deflator • Poverty and Distribution of Income
• Consumer Price Indices • Immigration, Exploitation, and Paternalism
• CPI Deflator • *Calculus-based
National Labor Market and Labor Force Participation

• Supply of and Demand for Labor
• National Labor Market Equilibrium
Page | 83
Intermediate Microeconomics (Back to Top)
Consumer Theory (Calculus-Based) Theory of the Firm and Managerial Economics

• Budget Constraints and Consumer Surplus (Calculus-Based)
• Consumer Choice and Demand
• Consumer Preferences and Utility • Cost Minimization and the Cost Function
• Insurance, Lotteries, and Risk Aversion • Profit Maximization and the Profit Function
• Compensating Variation and The Slutsky Equation • Consumption Duality
• Price Elasticity • Long-Run Costs and Short-Run Costs
• Long-Run Supply and Short-Run Supply
Game Theory • The Shutdown Condition
• Nash Equilibrium, Mixed Strategies, and Dominant • Economies of Scope and Economies of Scale
• Strategies • Technology, Inputs, and Outputs
• Sequential Games and Subgame Perfection • Marginal Product of Capital
• Bayesian Equilibrium and Signaling\Separating
• Equilibrium Labor Market (Calculus-Based)
• Adverse Selection • Supply of and Demand for Labor
• Threats, Commitments, and Credibility • Managerial Wage Determination and Minimum
• Wage
Behavioral Economics • Total Labor and Marginal Product of Labor
• Asymmetric and Incomplete Market Information • Labor Market Efficiency Wage Theory
• Positive Externalities, Negative Externalities, and • Labor Unions
• Market Failures
• Solutions for Negative Externalities and Markets
for
• Positive Externalities
• Moral Hazard and the Principal-Agent Problem
• Warranties, Quality, Uncertainty, and Signaling
• Risks, Risk Preferences, and the Demand for Risky
• Assets
• Public, Private, and Network Goods
• Tragedy of the Commons and the Coase Theorem
Monopoly and Monopsony (Calculus-Based)

• Monopoly Structure and Power
• Monopoly Marginal Revenue and Monopoly Profit
• Maximization
• Price Discrimination
• Social Costs of Market Power
• Monopoly Advertising and Building
• Monopsony Structure and Power
• Tariffs, Price Ceilings, and Price Floors
Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly (Calculus-

Based)
• Market for Factor Inputs
• Structure and Power of Monopolistic Competition
• Oligopoly Structure and Power: Cournot and
• Stackelberg Models
• Price Competition
• Prisoner’s Dilemma and Price Setting
• Cartels and Breakdown of Cartels
Page | 84
Finance (Back to Top)
Role and objective of financial management

• Review of the four basic financial statements
• Analysis of financial statements and financial performance
• Financial ratio analysis
• Financial Institutions
• Valuation Methods and Models (cash flow valuation; capital budgeting and risk analysis)
Time Value of Money

• Single cash flow and annuity valuation
• Using Excel for TVM
• Advanced TVM word problems
Financial Choices of Firms

• Dividend Policy
• Managing current assets/working capital
• Raising capital and financing decisions
The Financial Environment

• Interest rates
• Risk and rates of return
• Bonds and their valuation
• Stocks and their valuation
• Cost of capital
• Capital budgeting, including cash flow estimation, decision criteria, and risk analysis
• Capital structure and leverage
• Financial planning, budgeting, and forecasting
Page | 85
Principles of Management (Back to Top)
History and Theories of Management The Business Plan

• Scientific Management • Function of and
• Organizational Developments formatting plan
• Sociotechnical Theory • Main types of plans
• Hierarchy of Needs
• Five disciplines of the Learning Organization Employee Relations &
Leadership
The Role of Customer Relations • Roles in motivation
• Building customer relationships • Specifying structure and
• Promotions, Pricing & Credit creating balance
• Environmentalism (burdens and potentials)
• Psychological & Sociological influences Legal forms of Organizations
• Sole proprietorship,
Professional Management & Managing Growth partnerships, C Corp, LLC,
• Managing Human Resources etc.
• Managing Operations
• Managing Risk Financial Planning
• Leadership & Authority • Income statement
• Time management • Balance sheet
• Cash Flow statement
Entrepreneurial Opportunities • Financial forecasting
• Small Businesses Concepts • Debt & Equity
Ethics in Business Product & Supply Chain

• Integrity framework Management
• Supporting Organizational Culture • Product lifecycle
• Branding, labeling,
Business Analysis strategies
• SWOT
• Internal & External (outside-in analysis &
inside-out analysis)
Page | 86
Business & Consumer Math (Back to Top)
Business Statistics
• Data Interpretation
• Graphs and Charts
• Measures of Central Tendency
Consumer Credit
• Credit
• Depreciation
• Loans and Mortgages
Equations
• Formulas
• Solving Equations
• Writing Equations
Investing
• Bank Accounts
• Interest
• Present and Future Value
• Stocks, Bonds, and Mutual Funds
Numbers
• Decimals
• Fractions
• Whole Numbers and Integers
• Probability
• Ratios and Proportions
• Real Number System
Payroll
• Deductions
• Gross Pay
• Taxes
Percent
• Converting
• Discounts
• Markups and Markdowns
• Problem Solving
• Sales Terms
Page | 87
Business Law (Back to Top)
Foundations of Law Agency and Employment

• Criminal vs. Civil Law • Agency Formation and Duties
• Substantive vs. Procedural Law • Agency Rights and Remedies
• Sources of Law • Agency Liability and Termination
• Administrative Law & Regulation • Employment at Will
• Consumer Protection Laws • Employment Discrimination
• Anti-Trust Regulations • Employment & Immigration
• Unfair Trade Practices
• Employment Law & Labor Relations Business Organization
• Professional Liability and Accountability • Partnerships
• Environmental Law • Hybrid Business Forms
• Corporations Formation
Dispute Settlement • Management of Corporations
• Means of Dispute Settlement
• State and Federal Court Organization Property
• Alternative Dispute Resolution • Personal Property vs. Real Property
• Court Procedure • Landlord-Tenant Relationships
• Criminal Concerns • Zoning & Government Regulations
• Intentional Torts • Estates and Trusts
• Liability • Insurance Terms, Concepts & Types
• Intellectual Property
Contracts & E-Contracts
• Elements of Contracts Commercial Paper
• Offer & Acceptance (Agreement) • Negotiable Instruments Definition
• Consideration • Transferability & Holder in Due Course
• Form and Meaning • Liability of Parties
• Capacity • Checks and Electronic Fund Transfers
• Consent, Mistakes, Fraud, Undue influence • E-money & Online Banking
& Duress
• Statute of Frauds & Writing Requirement Creditor Rights
• Third Party Rights • Creditor Rights and Remedies
• Performance and Discharge • Debtor Protections
• Breach & Remedies • Surety & Guarantees
• Bankruptcy Concepts
Sales & Lease Contract Formation • Mortgage and Foreclosure
• Uniform Commercial Code (UCC)
• Title Introductory Legal Research and Writing
• Risk • Effective Legal Research Strategies
• Insurable Interest • Researching Cases, Statutes, and
• Performance, Breach and Remedies Regulations
• Warranties & Limitations • Legal Databases and Governmental Codes
• Products Liability • Organizing Legal Research Notes
• Summarizing Case Law
Page | 88
Marketing (Back to Top)
Marketing Strategy Fundamentals

• Establishing SMART marketing objectives, strategies, and tactics
• Identifying target markets
• Understanding the marketing mix or Four Ps
• Conducting situation and competitor analysis
• Navigating B2B, B2C, and non-profit marketing
Product or Service Development

• Designing a product or service concept and prototype
• Formulating brand positioning
• Calculating development costs and projecting sales
• Preparing a launch strategy
Market Research and Data Analysis

• Writing research proposals
• Planning the research design
• Conducting research through focus groups, surveys, and interviews
• Analyzing and Interpreting data
• Reporting on research findings
Consumer Behavior
• Understanding consumer decision making process
• Examining consumer information searches
• Exploring subcultures influencing consumer behavior
• Distinguishing between planned versus impulse purchases
• Defining brand equity, perception, and reputation
Public Relations and Communications

• Composing ethical marketing policies
• Determining social responsibility strategies and campaigns
• Pitching compelling stories for the media
• Designing a crisis communication plan
• Recognizing owned, earned and paid media methods
• Measuring and evaluating public relations results
Supply Chain and Distribution Logistics

• Creating supply chain management processes
• Implementing a customer service management system
• Negotiating for suppliers, vendors, and intermediaries
• Estimating and fulfilling orders
• Planning warehousing and distribution logistics
Creative Strategy, Advertising, and New Media

• Writing a creative brief
• Formulating promotional strategies via traditional
• Constructing digital marketing and social media strategies
• Developing interactive and mobile marketing strategies
Page | 89
MS Access (Back to Top)
Proficiency with Access 2010 required, preferably older and newer versions as well. English version required.
Database Relations and Development • Forms

• Database Terminology • Using Forms within a Database
• Primary and Secondary Keys - Creating • Creating a Blank Form
Relationships • Creating a Form from a Template
• Enforcing Referential Integrity in Key • Saving Forms
Relationships • Adding and Moving Form Controls
• Creating a Database • Managing Labels
• Creating a Database from a Template • Adding Sub-Forms
• Working with Data on Forms
Tables • Modifying Print Settings
• Types of Tables within a DB • Inserting backgrounds, headers, and footers
• Creating Tables
• Creating Linked Tables Reports and Reporting Tools
• Changing Tables • Creating a New Report
• Entering New Data • Creating a Report Based on a Query
• Adding Descriptions • Creating a Report Using a Wizard
• Indexing a field • Selecting Summary options
• Data Validation • Group and Sort Report Fields
• Hiding Fields • Report Text Box Controls
• Validating and Managing Records within a • Modify Data Sources
Table - Adding and Updating • Inserting headers, footers, and applying
themes
Queries • Formatting Reports
• Using Queries within a Database
• Running a Query Macros
• Creating a Simple Query • Using Macros
• Creating a Crosstab Query • Understanding Security
• Creating a Parameter Query • Creating a Macro
• Operators and Expressions in a Query • Sub Macros
• Creating an Aggregate Query • Handling Macro Errors
• Create an Action Query
• Create a Multiple Table Query Importing/Exporting
• Saving Queries • Creating a DB by importing
• Importing Data into Tables
• Exporting Data
Data Analysis
• Transforming Data
• Calculations and Dates
• Parametrized Queries
• Entering SQL
• Subqueries and Aggregation
Page | 90
MS Excel (Back to Top)
Note: Proficiency with Excel 2010 required, preferably older and newer versions as well. English version
required.
Environment & Capabilities
• File Tab
• Excel Options – including finding and customizing
• Templates – including finding and implementing
• Add-Ins – including finding and installing
Toolbars
• Ribbon – including identification, usage, customization, etc.
• Quick Access Toolbar – including identification, usage, customization, etc.
• Custom Tabs – including creation and arrangement of custom tabs, custom groups, etc.
• Formula Bar and Name Box
Spreadsheet Basics
• Rows and Columns
• Ranges – including selecting, naming, finding, using named ranges, etc.
• Views – including page layout, page break, custom, etc.
• Entering Data
• Printing
• Worksheet Management – including inserting, deleting, hiding, unhiding, moving, copying, etc.
• Panes and Page Breaks
• Headers and Footers – inserting, using templates, customizing, etc.
• Keyboard Shortcuts
Formatting
• Formatting Cells, Worksheets, Workbooks
• Format Painter
• Paste Special
• Conditional Formatting – including built-in styles and formula-based styles
Filtering & Sorting
• Filters – including implementing, using, customizing, etc.
• Sorting – including basic and custom sorts
Formulas & Functions
• Entering Formulas – including basic formula syntax, etc.
• Using Functions – including commonly used functions, using function helper, etc.
• Evaluating Formulas and Function Results – including tracing formulas/precedents, error checking, etc.
• Interpreting and Troubleshooting Formulas and Functions
• Calculation Operations – including manual vs. automatic
Charts, Tables, & PivotTables Macros

• Creating, Using, and Formatting Charts • Recording Macros
• Creating, Using, and Formatting Tables • Running Macros
• Creating, Using, and Formatting Saving, Sharing & Protecting
PivotTables • Auto-Save – including default settings and
• Smart Art and Illustrations customizing
• Sparklines • Recovery
Importing & Exporting • File Types (e.g., .xls, .xlsx, .xlsm, etc.)
• Importing and Exporting Data/Documents • Sharing and Protecting Worksheets and
• Importing and Exporting Pictures Workbooks
• Picture Editing • Evaluating Changes in Shared Documents
Page | 91
MS Word (Back to Top)
Note: Proficiency with Word 2010 required, preferably older and newer versions as well. English version
required.
Program Fundamentals
• Giving Commands in Word
• Using Command Shortcuts
• Creating, Opening, Previewing, Printing, Saving, and Closing a Document
• Using Help
Getting Started with Documents
• Entering, Deleting, Selecting, and Replacing Text
• Navigating, Browsing, and Viewing a Document
• Working with the Document Window and Viewing Multiple Document Windows
Working With and Editing Text
• Checking Spelling and Grammar
• Finding and Replacing Text
• Using Word Count and the Thesaurus
• Inserting Symbols and Special Characters
• Copying and Moving Text
• Collecting Multiple Items to Move or Copy
• Using Undo, Redo, and Repeat
Formatting Characters and Paragraphs
• Changing Font Type, Size, Color, Highlighting, Styles, and Effects
• Applying Spacing and Ligatures
• Creating Lists
• Changing Paragraph Alignment, Paragraph Spacing, and Line Spacing
• Adding Paragraph Borders and Shading
• Copying Formatting
• Setting, Adjusting, and Removing Tab Stops
• Using Left and Right Indents, and First Line and Hanging Indents
Formatting the Page
• Adjusting Margins, Page Orientation, and Size
• Using Columns, Page Breaks, Section Breaks, Line Numbers, and Hyphenations
• Working with the Page Background
• Rearranging, Numbering, and Viewing an Outline
• Rearranging and Navigating Long Documents
• Using Headers, Footers, Bookmarks, Cross-references, Footnotes, Endnotes, Citations, and Bibliographies
• Working with Picture Captions
• Adding a Table of Contents, Index, Cover Page, and Page Numbers
Working with Themes and Styles
• Creating, Modifying, Applying, and Deleting a Style
• Working with the Styles Gallery
• Creating a New Quick Style Set
• Selecting, Removing, and Printing Styles
• Comparing and Cleaning Up Styles
• Applying Document Themes
• Creating and Saving New Theme Colors and Fonts
Working with Shapes and Pictures
• Inserting and Formatting Clip Art, Screenshots, Pictures, Text Boxes, Shapes, and Graphics Files
• Removing a Picture’s Background
• Formatting and Otherwise Altering the Look of Pictures and Graphics
Page | 92
• Resizing, Moving, Copying, Positioning, Grouping, and Deleting Objects
• Applying Special Effects
• Aligning, Distributing, Flipping, Rotating, and Layering Objects
Working with WordArt, SmartArt, and Charts
• Inserting, Editing, and Formatting WordArt
• Inserting and Formatting SmartArt
• Working with SmartArt Elements
• Inserting, Editing, and Formatting a Chart
• Working with Labels
• Using Chart Templates
Working with Tables
• Creating, Resizing, Moving, and Manipulating a Table
• Adjusting Table Alignment and Text Wrapping
• Working with Cell Formatting
• Merging and Splitting Cells and Tables
• Inserting and Deleting Rows and Columns
• Adjusting Row Height and Column Width
• Using Table Drawing Tools
• Working with Sorting and Formulas
• Working with Borders and Shading
• Using Table Styles and Table Style Options
• Converting or Deleting a Table
• Using Quick Tables
Working with Mailings Working with Forms
• Setting Up the Main Document for Mail • Creating a New Form
Merge • Adding Content Controls
• Creating and Editing a Data Source • Assigning Help to Form Content Controls
• Selecting an Existing Data Source • Preparing the Form for Distribution
• Inserting Merge and Rules Fields • Filling Out a Form
• Previewing and Completing a Mail Merge Customizing Word
• Creating Labels and Envelopes • Customizing the Ribbon and Quick Access
Using Collaborative Editing Tools Toolbar
• Tracking, Accepting, and Rejecting • Using and Customizing AutoCorrect
Revisions • Changing Word’s Default Options
• Using Comments More Topics
• Comparing and Combining Documents • Converting an Older Document to Word
• Protecting a Document (with or without 2010
password) • Translating Text
Working with Templates • Publishing a Blog Entry
• Creating and using a Document Template • Using Hyperlinks
• Creating and Using Building Blocks and • Viewing Document Properties and Finding
AutoText a File
• Attaching a Different Template to a • Recovering Your Documents
Document • Managing Versions
• Copying Styles between Documents and • Recording, Playing, and Deleting a Macro
Templates
Page | 93
MS PowerPoint (Back to Top)
Note: Proficiency with PowerPoint 2010 required, preferably older and newer versions as well. English
version required.
• Apply and change advanced options

• Customizing the ribbon
• Customizing the quick access toolbar
• Creating/using macros
• Using different view options
• Proofreading options
• Creating presenter notes
• Setting up a slideshow
• Adding animations
• Utilizing transitions
• Using & creating themes
• Inserting charts & graphs
• Inserting images
• Grouping shapes and pictures
• Creating tables
• Inserting text options
• Using audio & video in presentations
• Working with watermarks
• Creating and printing handouts
• Adding headers & footers
• Flowchart creation
• Using and creating templates
• Using drawing tools
• Adding, removing, publishing slides
• Creating layouts
• Save & send options
• Font options
• Print options
• Properties and Protecting File
Page | 94
Windows (Back to Top)
Note: Those wanting to tutor MS Windows must be proficient with BOTH the user side of Windows and the
admin side of Windows.
Windows Installation and Setup

• Preparing for Installation
• Adding/Managing User Accounts
• Display Settings & Personalization Options
• Power Settings
• Privacy / Security Settings
• Accessibility Options
File and Folder Operations

• Desktop, Start Menu & Taskbar
• Navigating with File Explorer
• Creating Folders and Saving Files
• Move, Copy, Delete, and Rename Files/Folders
• Folder Views and Settings
• File/Folder Searches
• Managing Hard Drives and Storage - Local, Removable, and Cloud
Windows Utilities
• Desktop Accessories
• Control Panel
• Backup and Recovery Tools
• Security - Antivirus, Antimalware, and Firewall Tools
• Windows Update
Basic Software & Hardware Management

• Windows Apps & Microsoft Store
• Adding/Removing Programs
• Adding/Removing/Managing Printers
• Adding/Removing/Managing Bluetooth Devices
• Locating and Running Programs
Accessing the Internet

• Connecting to a Network - Ethernet & Wi-Fi
• Accessing the Internet with Internet Explorer, Microsoft Edge
• Email and the Mail app
• Searching the Internet/Default Search Engine
Basic Troubleshooting
• Viewing System Information
• Task Manager - Monitoring System Performance
• Windows Troubleshooter
• Safe Mode
Page | 95
Adobe Illustrator (Back to Top)
Program Basics
• Workspace
• Artboards
• Sharing
• Working with Layers
• Colors
Program Tools
• Selection Tools
• Drawing Tools
• Shape Tools
• Typography Tools
• Painting Tools
• Modifying Tools
Automation
Other Program Features
Page | 96
Adobe InDesign (Back to Top)
Program Basics
• Working with Objects
• Drawing Tools
• Color Tools
• Page Tools
Typography
Using Styles
Page | 97
Adobe Photoshop (Back to Top)
Program Basics
• Working with Layers
• Painting Tools
• Coloring Tools
• Drawing Tools
• Making Selections
• Editing Images
• Using Shapes
Typography
Animation and Action Panel
Page | 98
Web Design (Back to Top)
Internet Fundamentals
• Layers of the Internet (application, transport, etc..)
• URL
• Pathway
• FTP and File Management
• Protocols (HTTP, HTTPS)
HTML
• Basic XML
• HTML Structure
• Lists
• Classes and IDs
• Tables
• Linking Resources
• Special Tags
• Div. and Span
• Forms
CSS
• Selectors
• Alignment
• Element Position
• Padding and Margins
• Content Decoration
• Variables
• Layout
• Multiple Browser Support
Fundamental JavaScript
• Basic programming concepts (functions, loops, etc..)
• DOM
• Events
PHP
• Variables, including PHP Reserved Variables
• Control Structures
• Functions
• Mixing HTML and PHP
• Handling Input (e.g. GET, POST, PUT, DELETE)
• REGEX for PHP
• php.ini
Accessibility
• Web Accessibility Standards
• Presentation of content
• Operable and understandable user interfaces
• Different web browsers and devices like mobile
Page | 99
Database Systems (Back to Top)
Database Design
• Methodology - Conceptual/Logical/Physical
• ER Modeling
• Advanced ER
• Normalization
• Security and Administration
Structured Query Language

• CRUD Statements
• Aggregates
• Subqueries
• Filtering Query Output
• JOINs
Advanced Queries
• Designing Advanced queries
• Query optimization
• Common Table Elements
• Constraints
• Triggers
Business Intelligence
• Designing a client application
• Data Warehousing
• Reporting
Database Management Systems

• SQL Server
• Oracle
• MySQL
• Cloud Computing/Web DBMS
Page | 100
Principles of CS (Back to Top)
NOTE: Computer Science tutors are expected to be familiar with all concepts on this list in addition to the
language-specific list of the subject(s) they would like to tutor.
Object-Oriented Program Design Program Implementation

• Program design • Implementation techniques
• Read and understand a problem description, • Methodology
purpose, and goals • Object-oriented development
• Apply data abstraction and encapsulation. • Top-down development
• Read and understand class specifications and • Encapsulation and information hiding
relationships among the classes (“is-a,” “has-a” • Procedural abstraction
relationships). • Programming constructs
• Understand and implement a given class • Primitive types vs. objects
hierarchy. • Constant declarations, Variable declarations
• Identify reusable components from existing code • Class declarations
using classes and class libraries. • Interface declarations
• Class design • Method declarations, Parameter declarations
• Design and implement a class. • Console output (System.out.print/println)
• Choose appropriate data representation and • Control
algorithms. • Methods
• Apply functional decomposition. • Sequential
• Extend a given class using inheritance. • Conditional
Program Analysis • Iteration
• Testing • Understand and evaluate recursive methods
• Test classes and libraries in isolation.
• Identify boundary cases and generate Standard Data Structures
appropriate test data. • Simple data types (int, Boolean, double)
• Perform integration testing. • Classes
• Debugging • Lists
• Categorize errors: compile-time, run-time, logic. • Arrays
• Identify and correct errors. • Sets and Multisets
• Debugging, adding extra output statements, • Stacks
hand-tracing code. • Dictionaries
• Understand and modify existing code • Queues
• Extend existing code using inheritance • Trees, binary trees, and binary search trees
• Understand error handling
• Understand runtime exceptions. Standard Algorithms
• Reason about programs • Operations on data structures previously listed
• Pre- and post-conditions • Traversals
• Assertions • Insertions, Deletions
• Analysis of algorithms • Searching
• Informal comparisons of running times • Sequential
• Exact calculation of statement execution counts • Binary
• Basic big-O questions • Bubble Sort, Selection Sort, Insertion Sort
• Numerical representations and limits • Merge sort
• Representations of numbers in different bases
• Limitations of finite representations (e.g., integer Computing in Context
bounds, imprecision of floating-point • System reliability
representations, and round-off error) • Privacy
• Legal issues and intellectual property
• Social and ethical ramifications of computer use
• Software Methodology
Page | 101
C++ (Back to Top)
NOTE: Computer Science tutors wishing to tutor C++ are expected to be familiar with all concepts on this
list in addition to the Computer Science Principles list.
Namespaces
Functions
Control Structures
• Conditional (if, if else, else, switch statements)
• Iteration (for, while, do-while loops)
• Break and continue
Input/Output
• Standard (iostream)
• File I/O (fstream)
Strings
Pointers
Exception Handling
• Try/Catch blocks
• Throw statement
Arrays
Classes and Structs
Operator Overloading
Parameters
• Call by reference vs Call by value
Inheritance
Page | 102
C (Back to Top)
NOTE: Computer Science tutors wishing to tutor C are expected to be familiar with all concepts on this list
in addition to the Computer Science Principles list.
Syntax and Structures

• Variables
• Data Types
• Arrays (single and multidimensional)
• Strings
• Operators
• Structures (struct)
Control Flow
• If/Else Statements
• Iterators
• Break/Continue
• Switch
• Goto
Input/Output
• Standard I/O
• Formatting
• Error Handling
• Preprocessor
• Streams
C Fundamentals
• Functions
• Standard Library
• Data Structures
Pointers
• Declaration and Usage
• Arrays and Pointers
• Pointer to Pointer
• Pointers and Functions
Page | 103
A+ (Back to Top)
COMPTIA A+ Peripherals
• Principles and Procedures • USB/Thunderbolt
• Safety and Security • Keyboards
• Windows 10 • Pointers (Mouse)
• KVM
Hardware Overview • Multimedia
• Processors • Touch Screens
• Memory • Smartcard and Biometric
• BIOS • Display
• Motherboards
• Storage Hard Drives
• Power • RAID
• Types (SATA,SSD,Magnetic)
Operating Systems • Formatting & Partitioning
• OS basics • Removable Storage
• CLI
• Virtualization Multifunction Devices
• Mobile • Printers
• Troubleshooting OS • Copier/Scanners
• File Systems • Fax
• Users and Groups • Installation/Drivers
• Troubleshooting
Building/Imaging a PC
• Custom components Network
• Install or upgrade OS • Ethernet
• Patching/SP • LAN
• Drivers • WAN
• Migrate data • Wireless
• Internet
• Mobile
• Network Security
Page | 104
Java (Back to Top)
NOTE: Computer Science tutors wishing to tutor Java are expected to be familiar with all concepts on this
Primitive Data Types Strings

• Integers • Constructing Strings
• Floating Point Types • Operating on Strings
o Characters
o Boolean Bitwise Operators
Literals Static Keyword
Variables File I/O

• Variable Scope
• Initializing Variables Inheritance and Polymorphism
• Super classes and Subclasses
Operators • Abstract Classes
• Method Overriding
Type Casting and Conversion
Packages and Interfaces
Control Statements • Packages and Member Access
• For loops • Implementing Interfaces
• While Loops
• If-Else Statements Exception Handling
• Switch Statements • Using Try-Catch-Finally
• The Exception Hierarchy
Classes
• Constructors Enumerations
• Class Definitions
• Object Instantiation Generics Fundamentals
Methods
• Using Parameters
• Method Overloading
• Returning Values
Arrays
• Multidimensional Arrays
• Irregular Arrays
Page | 105
Python (Back to Top)
NOTE: Computer Science tutors wishing to tutor Python are expected to be familiar with all concepts on
this list in addition to the Computer Science Principles list.
• Lists
• Control Flow and Looping (while/for, use of the range() function instead of traditional for loop)
• Tuples (relation to lists, unpacking)
• List/Dictionary/Generator comprehensions
• "Dunder" methods (__init__, __plus__, etc)
• Variadic arguments (*args)
• Keyword arguments (**kwargs)
• List slices
• Generators (yield)
• Lambda functions
• Dictionaries
• Functions (including map, filter, reduce)
• Files
• Raptor
Page | 106
Cisco System Administration (Back to Top)
Data Networks
• OSI and TCP/IP
• Network Devices
• Topologies
LAN Switching
• Configurations
• Troubleshooting
• Security
IP Addressing
• IPv4
• IPv6
• Addressing schema
Routing
• Configurations
• Troubleshooting
• Security
• Protocols
WAN Technologies
• DSL
• VPN
• Cellular 3G and 4G
• ISDN
Page | 107
Windows Server (Back to Top)
Server Setup and Installation Virtualization and Cloud

• Prep for Installation • Basic Concepts
• New install/Upgrade to Existing • Hypervisors
• Selecting Server Hardware • Install Hyper -V
• Configure VM
Server Manager • Manage or Modify VM
• Accessing and starting server manager • Azure
• Create/Edit groups of servers
• View/Change roles, role services, and features Monitor and Troubleshoot
• Access Management Tools • Performance and
• Managing Services Resource Monitor
• Server Status - issues, events, and failures • Server Repair and Boot
• Manage Remote Computers Options
• Fault Tolerance and
Managing Storage Clustering
• Access storage options/Disk Management • Power - UPS, Redundancy
• Disk types • Safe Mode
• RAID options
• Network Storage (NAS/SAN) Windows Server 2019
• Disk volumes/partitioning • Storage Migration Service
• Mounting/Unmounting • Containers
• Security
Windows Services
• File services, NTFS/Sharing Drives
• Installing/Setting up printers
• Naming resolution, DNS, Hosts
• DHCP
• Active Directory
• IIS
Page | 108
C# (Back to Top)
NOTE: Computer Science tutors wishing to tutor C++ are expected to be familiar with all concepts on this
Fundamentals
• Namespaces
• Directives
• LINQ
• .NET Framework
Syntax and Structures

• Variables
• Data Types
• Arrays
• Operators
• Lambda Expressions
Input/Output
• File Read/Write
• Escape Sequencing
• Convert data
Control Structures
• Conditional Statements
• Iterators
• Jump/Break/Continue
• Exception Handling
OOP Concepts in C#
• Methods
• Constructors
• Classes
• Inheritance
• Polymorphism
• Interfaces
Page | 109
Arabic (Back to Top)
Vocabulary
• Greetings and Polite Expressions
• Numbers and Time
• Common Phrases
• Various Common Words
Grammar
• Sentence Structure
• Verbs and Adverbs
• Nouns and Adjectives
• Possessive Phrases
• Gender and Plurality
Literary Arabic
• Arabic Alphabet
• Vowels and Consonants
• Phonology
Pronunciation
• Full Pronunciation
• Formal Short
• Informal Short
• Proper Diction
Types of Arabic
• Modern Standard Arabic
• Classical Arabic
• Regional Dialects
Page | 110
Spanish (Back to Top)
Basic Sentence Structure Advanced Verb Forms

• Gender & Number of Nouns • Subjunctive Tenses & Conditions
• Definite Articles • Perfect Tenses
• Indefinite Articles • Past Participles
• Noun-Adjective Agreement • Formal Commands
• Negation (& Double Negatives) • Informal (tú) Commands
• Contractions Al / Del • Negative Commands
• Questions and Exclamations
Idiomatic Expressions
Advanced Sentence Structure • Acabar de
• Direct and Indirect Object Pronouns • Hay / Hay que
• Relative Pronouns & Adjectives • Hace… (To indicate time that has passed)
• Possessive Pronouns • Valer la Pena
• Superlatives
• Demonstratives Basic Vocabulary Units
• Comparisons of Quantity and Number • Ordinal Numbers
• The Personal “a” • Telling Time
• Por vs. Para • Expressions for Weather
• Pero / Sino / Sino Que • Sports & Recreation
• • Science & Technology
Basic Verb Forms • Animals
• Present Indicative • Home Decor and Furnishings
• Stem Changing Verbs • Food & Kitchen
• Gustar Type Verbs • School & Office
• Irregular 1st Person Verbs (“go, zco, jo, oy, • Family Expressions & Relationships
eo “verbs) • Clothing
• Present Progressive • Medical Care & Human Physiology
• Ser vs. Estar • Feelings & Emotions
• Saber vs. Conocer • Travel (Train & Air)
• Customary Greetings & Protocol
Intermediate Verb Forms
• Preterit (Definite Past)
• Imperfect (Undefined Past)
• Reflexive Verbs
• Conditional Tense
• Future Tense
• Irregular Preterit Verbs
Page | 111
French (Back to Top)
Basic Sentence Structure

• Gender & Number of Nouns
Vocabulary (including but not limited to…)

• Numbers and time
• Greetings, letter writing, speaking on the phone
• Food and drink
• Marketplace
• Clothing
• Education and careers
• Personal relationships, friends, family
• Emotions
• Hobbies, sports, leisure, travel
• Animals, plants, scenery, weather
• Body parts, illnesses, basic medical terms
• Residences, rooms, furniture
• Government, public institutions, infrastructure, news
• French/English faux amis
• Common French idioms
Grammar and Style

• Verb conjugations, tenses, and moods
• Pronouns
Literature (including but not limited to…)

• Louise Labé
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau
• Guy de Maupassant
• Paul Verlaine
• Jules Verne
• Victor Hugo
• Albert Camus
Pronunciation and Phonetics

• Describe how French vowels and certain French consonants differ from their English counterparts
• Identify silent consonants and vowels
• Identify and pronounce nasalized vowels
• Use liaison and enchaînement to enhance euphony
• Describe how stress functions in words and sentences
• Describe how pronunciation and stress differ in poetry
French History and Culture

• Basic history of France, from Roman Gaul to modern times
• Basic geography of France, French territories, and other French-speaking nations
• French education system
• Present-day government of France
• French holidays and customs
Page | 112
German (Back to Top)
Adjectives
• Adjective Endings
• Comparative & Superlative
• Definite & Indefinite Articles
• Der- & ein-Words
• Extended Adjective Modifiers
• Present & Past Participles
Adverbs
• Expressions of Time
• Negation
Conjunctions
• Coordinating Conjunctions
• Subordinating Conjunctions
• Main and Subordinate Clauses
Nouns
• Appositives
• Case: Nominative, Accusative, Dative, & Genitive
• Gender
Prepositions
• Accusative, Dative, Genitive, & Two-way
• da- & wo-compounds
• Idiomatic Use of Prepositions
Pronouns
• Personal, Interrogative, Demonstrative, Indefinite, Possessive, Relative, & Reflexive
Punctuation
• Comma Rules
Verbs
• Conjugation
• Imperative
• Indirect Discourse & Subjunctive I
• Infinitival Constructions (um…zu, (an)statt…zu, ohne…zu)
• Modal Verbs
• Passive Voice, Statal Passive, Alternatives to Passive
• Regular & Irregular Verbs
• Subjunctive II
• Tense: Present, Present Perfect, Simple Past, Past Perfect, Future & Future Perfect
• Verbs with Separable & Inseparable Prefixes
Word Order
Page | 113
Italian (Back to Top)
Basic Sentence Structure Anatomy/Medical/Dental

• Italian alphabet, special characteristics • Body parts
• Regular verbs • Symptoms
• Greetings • Study of
• Common salutations
• Expressing opinions Italian lifestyle
• Masculine versus feminine nouns • Culture
• Pronouns Politics
• Current affairs
Numbers/currency • Business
• Professional writing
Date • Culinary, food
Time
Weather/seasons
Action verbs
Direction, travel
Culinary, food
Advances sentence structure

• Irregular verbs
• Direct pronouns
• Indirect-object pronouns
• Reflexive verbs
• Adjectives
• Using prepositions
• Imperfect subjunctive
• Il congiuntivo trapassato
• Il congiuntivo passato
• Il congiuntivo futuro
• Modal verbs
• Articulated prepositions
• Double object pronouns
• Future perfect
• Words with dual meaning
• Adverb
• Negative statements
• Conosce/Sapere
• Prepositions
Page | 114
Mandarin (Back to Top)
Pinyin Grammar
• Initials and Finals • Pronouns
• Four Tones • Verbs
• Chinese Syllables • Adjectives
• Adverbs
Vocabulary • Prepositions
• Number, Time, Age, Money, Math • Basic Sentence Structure (Subject-
• Measure Words, Quantifiers Verb-Object)
• Greetings • Conjunctions and Connectors
• Relationships, Family Members • Imperative
• Body Parts, Basic Medical Terms • Passive
• Animals, Plants, Fruits, Vegetables • Negation
• Places, Locations, Directions • Questions
• Transportation and Travel
• Food, Restaurant, Dining Classical Literature
• Colors and Shapes • Classical Poetry - Shi form
• Households, Furniture • Classical Poetry - Ci form
• Media and News • Classical Prose
• Sports • Classical Fiction and Drama
• Emotions and Feelings
• Education Chinese Culture and Traditions
• Business • Politeness and Courtesy
• Government, Provinces, Cities • Festivals and Celebrations
• Art (Calligraphy, Painting Performing
Art, etc.)
• Chinese Food
• Religion and Philosophy
(Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism)
Page | 115
Vietnamese (back to top)
Literary Grammar
• Alphabet • Sentence structure
• Vowels and Consonants • Word formation
• Tones • Figures of speech
• Passivization
Vocabulary
• Number Regional Dialects
• Time and Dates • Northern
• Money • North-Central
• Math • Mid-Central
• Quantifiers • South-Central
• Family members • Southern
• Greetings and Polite expressions
• Transportation Literature
• Places • Folk literature
• Animals • Medieval literature
• Home essentials • Modern literature
• Clothes • Poetry
• Colors
• Emotions Culture
• Food • Festival and Celebrations
• Weather • Lifestyle and Customs
• Human body • Religion and Philosophy
• Medical terms • Cuisine
• Education • History
• Business • Geography
• Government • Visual arts
• Word play • Performing arts
• Common words and Phrases
Parts of Speech
• Nouns
• Demonstrative noun modifiers
• Articles
• Classifiers
• Numerals
• Quantifiers
• Focus marker particle
• Verbs
• Adjectives
• Adverbial particles
• Prepositions
Page | 116
Elementary Math Methods (Back to Top)
Planning, Teaching and Assessing Operations, Basic Facts and

• Develop a Lesson Computation
• Develop Assessments • Apply properties of operations
• Evaluate Learning • Solve problems involving the four
operations with whole numbers
Mathematical Practices and Processes and fractions
• Solve Problems using various and appropriate • Add and subtract whole numbers
strategies within 20 fluently
• Reason abstractly and quantitatively • Multiply and divide whole
• Construct and evaluate mathematical arguments numbers within 100 fluently
• Use representations to model with mathematics, such • Write and interpret numerical
as counters, linked cubes, a balance and a number line expressions
• Use tools strategically • Use models (such as geometric
• Use precise mathematical language, symbols and units shapes and other objects) to order
• Find and use patterns to make generalizations fractions, understand equivalent
• Determine if repeated processes are reasonable fractions and compute with
• Make connections among mathematical ideas fractions
• Compare decimal quantities and
Number Sense convert from fractions
• Classify numbers and use numbers in patterns
• Use conservation, group recognition, comparison, Measurement and Data
one-to-one correspondence • Solve problems involving
• Develop counting strategies counting on, counting measurement and estimation
back or skip counting • Represent and interpret data
• Use place value to introduce the base 10 number • Tell and write time using analog
system and decimals and digital clocks
• Solve problems involving money
Geometry • Find the perimeter, area and
• Draw and identify lines and angles volume of objects
• Classify shapes by properties of their lines and angles • Convert like measurement units
• Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve within a given measurement
problems system
• Reason with shapes and their attributes • Measure and sketch angles
Page | 117
Elementary Reading Methods (Back to Top)
Reading Development
• Signs student is ready for reading instruction
• Discourse-Oral Language Development
• Print/Book Awareness
• Listening and Retelling
• Phonemic Awareness
• Letter Recognition
• Letter-Sound Correlations/ Language Development
Instructional Strategies for Reading

• Identifying Student's Current Reading Level
• Reading Theories
• The 5 Components of Reading
• Balanced Literacy/ Whole Language/ Phonics
• Developing Curriculum
• Vocabulary
• Creating Activities for Instruction
• Fluency
• Comprehension strategies
• Scaffolding Instruction
• Differentiating Instruction
• Technology Use
Types of Assessment
• Affective Reading assessments
• Summative Assessment for the 5 Components of Reading
• Formative Assessment for the 5 Components of Reading
• Analyzing Student Assessment Data
• Diagnosing Reading Issues
• Maintaining student records/portfolios
• Identifying Students Who May Need Additional Intervention
Page | 118
General Education (Back to Top)
Active Learning Self-regulated learning

• Collaborative discussion • Organizing and transforming
• Independent Learning information
• Critical Thinking • Keeping Records
• Creative thinking • Rehearsing and memorizing
• Brainstorming • Environmental awareness
• Journaling • Recognizing Individual learning styles
• Group Work • Goal-setting
• Focused listening • Reflective dialogue
• Formulating Questions • Constructive feedback
• Note-taking • Abstract Thinking
• Annotating • Link new learning to prior learning
• Role-playing Professional Learning
• Scaffolding • Self-evaluating
• Assessment • Adapting new strategies to individuals
Hybrid Learning (Blended Learning) • Accept leadership opportunities
• On-line activities Growth mindset
• Project based learning • Learning from failure
• Peer instruction • Accepting challenge
• Small group discussion • Process over result
• Just-in-time teaching • Sense of purpose
• Flipped learning • Growth over speed
Critical Thinking • Effort before talent
• Deep learning • Learning from others' mistakes
• Concept mapping (mind-mapping) Bias
• Goal setting • Test anxiety and performance
• Considering alternatives • Ignore triggers
• Utilizing past strategies • Cross-group interactions
• Time Management • Positive role models
• Self-reflection • Managing stress and threat
• Activating prior Knowledge • High standards for all
• Reviewing • Personal value affirmation
• Summarizing • Positive role models
• Study skills Community and service learning
Emotional Intelligence • Volunteer project learning
• Assertive communication • Community involvement
• Conflict resolution Rhetorical communication
• Active listening skills • Production of discourse
• Promoting positive attitude • Response to discourse
• Self-awareness • Effective communication
• Student engagement strategies in the classroom
• Empathy • Problem-solving communication
• Responding to Criticism Curriculum Development
• Developing Leadership skills • Identifying overarching objectives
• Journaling • Lesson plans
• Peer Conferences • Grading standards
• Teacher-student Conferencing • Common core/benchmarks
• Rubrics
Page | 119
Early Childhood Education (Back to Top)
Development Stages (Milestones)
• Birth-18 months
• 18 months-2 Years
• 3 years-5 years
• 6 years-8 years
Theorists
• Urie Bronfenbrenner
• Erik Erikson
• Abraham Maslow
• Maria Montessori
• Jean Piaget
• Lev Vygotsky
• Reggio Emilia
• BF Skinner
Observation and Assessment

• Anecdotal Records
• Work Samples
• Observations
• Why is it important?
Diversity in the Classroom

• How to Promote Diversity
Curriculum Development
• Social/Emotional Development
• Cognitive Development
• Language/Literacy Development
• Math/Scientific Reasoning
• Physical Development
• Differentiation and Accommodations
• Music
Health, Safety and Nutrition

• Mandatory Reporter
• Safe Sleep Practices
• First Aid/CPR
• Abusive Head Trauma
• Importance of Physical Development
• Nutrition
Page | 120
Intercultural and Global Communication (Back to Top)
Culture & Cross-Cultural Values

• What is Culture?
• Defining Cross-Cultural
• Stereotypes vs. Cultural Values
• Communication Styles Reflective of Cultural Values
• Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions
• Ethics and Cross-Cultural Communication
Cross-Cultural Communication Comparisons

• Chinese vs. American Technical Communication
• Japanese vs. American Technical Communication
• Hispanic/Latino vs. American Technical Comm.
• Korean vs. American Technical Communication
Intercultural Communication
• Defining Intercultural Communication
• Intercultural vs. Cross-Cultural Communication
Challenges in Intercultural and Global Communication

• Intercultural Communication Conflicts
• Cross-Cultural and Global Communication Barriers
Practical Intercultural & Global Comm. Strategies

• Using Interpersonal Skills
• Practicing Relationship vs. Deal Focused Comm.
• Non-Verbal Communication
• Technical Skills
• Simplified and Plain English
Digital Communication
• Defining Digital Communication
• Text Messages
• E-mail
• Social Networks
Health Communication
• Healthcare Professional vs. Patient Understanding
• Plain Language
• Patient Considerations
• Multicultural Communication
Page | 121
Business and Organizational Communication (Back to Top)
Theoretical/Ideological Influences
• Survey of Communication Theories

• Leadership Communication Theories
• Importance of Effective Professional Communication
Practical Application
• Effective Written Communication

• Effective Oral Communication
• Interpersonal Communication
• Conflict Management
• Non-verbal Communication
Page | 122
Public Speaking (Back to Top)
Essentials of Communication Research and Support

• Communication Models • Where to Locate Credible Sources
• Public Speaking Apprehension • How to Identify Credible Sources
• Communication Ethics • Using Examples, Testimony, and
Statistics
Language • Source Documentation
• Language Characteristics
• Language Devices Speech Delivery
• Types of Delivery
Intercultural Communication • Components of a Quality Delivery
• Culture & Communication • Delivery & Practice
• Cultural Identity & Co-Cultures
Listening
Interpersonal Communication • Active Listening Practices
• Perception • Challenges to Listening
• Defining Self, Self-Concept, Self-Esteem
• Self-Disclosure Informative Speaking
• Conflict Management • Types of Informative Speeches
• Effective Use of Research &
Nonverbal Communication Support
• Principles of Nonverbal Communication
• Functions of Nonverbal Communication Persuasive Speaking
• Types of Nonverbal Communication • Reasoning
• Types of Persuasive Speaking
Audience Analysis • Persuasive Speech Organizational
• Methods of Audience Analysis Patterns
• Gathering Audience Information • Emotional Appeals
• Rhetorical Appeals
Speech Organization & Topic Selection
• Brainstorming, Concept Maps
• Introductions, Conclusions, Connectives
• General and Specific Purpose Statements
• Narrowing the Topic
Page | 123
Journalism (Back to Top)
News Writing/Reporting
• Lead
• Layout/Organization Styles
• Content
Feature/Magazine Writing
• Lead
• Layout/Organization Styles
• Content
Broadcast News Writing

• Content, Lead, Layout
Journalism and Theory

• Society/History
• Feminist Theory
• Ethics
• Policies
• Politics
Grammar/Copy Editing
• Basic Grammar concepts
• Copy editing concepts
Interviewing
• How to
Statistics
• Creating Statistics/Infographics
• Analyzing Statistics
Using Multimedia
• Twitter, Podcast, Web, video
Research, Newsgathering
• Conducting research
• Newsgathering
Page | 124
Interpersonal and Small Group Communication (Back to Top)
News Writing/Reporting
• Essential Personal Communication Skills
• Self-Management
• Critical Thinking
• Leadership
• Problem Solving and Decision-Making
• Responsibility and Accountability
• Emotional Integrity
Principles of Interpersonal & Small Group Communication

• Culture
• Group Culture
• Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions
• Workplace Culture
• Written Communication
• Professional and Workplace Group Documents
• Verbal Communication
• Tone
• Clear Language
• Persuasion
• Rhetorical Strategies
• Non-Verbal Communication
• Team-Working
• Creating Relationships
• Observation
• Active Listening
• Questioning
• Social Awareness
• Diversity
• Assertiveness
• Conflict Management Skills
Constraints and Barriers

• Language Differences
• Cultural Differences
• Personality Differences
• Emotional Barriers
• Generational Differences
• Physical Disabilities
• Psychological Barriers
Computer-Mediated Group Communication

• Elements of Computer-Mediated Communication
• Physical Barriers
Ethics of Small Group Communication

• Ethical Responsibilities
Page | 125
Mass Communication (Back to Top)
Theory & Function

• Mass comm vs interpersonal communications
• Mass communication theories
• Mass media functions
• Audience analysis
Historical and Cultural Context

• Impacts of technological changes
• Ownership and economics of mass media
• Impact on politics & government
• Entertainment & mass culture
• Use in business
Mass Media Practices

• Newspapers
• Magazines
• Broadcast: Radio & TV
• Cable
• Advertising & PR
• Film
The Internet & Social Media

• Disruption of traditional media
• Impacts on audience
• Impacts on ownership
• Impact on content development
• Media representation
Ethics & Laws

• Legal protections: libel, false advertising, FCC role
• Content developer's responsibilities
Page | 126
Social Studies K-8 (Back to Top)
Ancient Civilizations • Early U.S. Political Systems

• Political Practices • Early European Political Systems
• Religious Beliefs • Early Asian Political Systems
• Cultural Traditions Civics
• Democracy
World Trade & Exploration • The Voting Process
• Major European Explorers 120-1519 • Immigration
• Major European Discoveries 120-1519 • Voting Rights
• 16-17th century world trade
• 18-19th century world trade Civil Rights
• Civil Rights Advocates
The Middle Ages • Civil Rights Movement
• The Renaissance - major philosophers • The Civil Rights Act
• The Renaissance - major theories
• Sociopolitical and Sociocultural Practices U.S. Wars
• The Medieval Pyramid • 1754-1812
• 1813-1865
World Religions & Cultures • 1866-1975
• Major World Religions
• Family structures World Wars
• World holidays • World War 1
• Cultural diversity • World War 2
• The Cold War
Geography
• Continents of the World Westward Expansion
• Oceans of the World • The Louisiana Purchase
• U.S. Geographic Regions • The Monroe Doctrine
• Early map skills • The Indian Removal Act
Early American Settlements Slavery

• Roanoke Colony • Pre-Civil War
• Jamestown Colony • The Slave Trade 1480-1865
• Plymouth Colony • Post-Civil War
• The 13 Colonies
Major Historical Figures
The U.S. • American Inventors
• U.S. States and Capitals • Women's Rights Activists
• U.S. Presidents 1789-present • Civil Rights Advocates
• Founding fathers
• Founding documents The Information Age
• The rise of Mass Media
Government • The Digital Era
• Forms of Virtual Communication
Page | 127
Geography (Back to Top)
Basic Geography Skills

• Interpreting Maps and Diagrams
• Defining Regions and Places
• Space and Distance
Cultural Patterns and Influences

• Formation of Social/Cultural Groups
• Diffusion and Migration
• Rural and Urban Land Use
• Impacts of Industrialization and Agriculture
Political Patterns and Influences

• Political Territories and Boundaries
• Types of Political Regions
• Interaction and Conflict
Natural Features
• Types of Natural Regions
• Change and Sustainability
Interrelationships and Causes

• Spatial Association
• Cause and Effect
• Analyzing and Interpreting Data
• Identifying Patterns
Page | 128
US History (Back to Top)
American Identity Migration and settlement

• Native Americans • Push/Pull Factors
• Colonization/Road to Revolution • Manifest Destiny/Westward Expansion
• Citizenship, Rights, Voting • Rural-Urban/Urban-Suburban
• Liberty, Equality, Freedoms • Government policies towards
• Sectionalism/States vs National immigration
• THE vs THESE United States • Immigration patterns over time
• New World Power • forced and voluntary immigration
• Individualism • Internal migrations
Politics and Power Geography/Environment

• Representation • Patterns of settlement
• Fight for Suffrage • Pollution
• Role and expansion of federal • Westward expansion/frontier
government • Conservation and Energy Management
• Segregation/desegregation/Jim Crow • Regional specialization
Laws
• Political Parties America in the World
• Emergences as a world power
Work, Tech, Exchange • Involvement in international conflicts
• Agrarian America - Cash crops and early • Imperialism
economies • Superpower
• Economic change overtime • The Slave Trade
(Mercantilism - Capitalism - Laissez- • Internal Conflicts
faire) • Democracy
• Panic, Recession, Bust
• Industrialization, Boom
• Labor and Unions
• Invention and Innovation
• Communication and Transportation
Culture and Society

• Religious influences
• Reform Movements
• Minorities and Immigrants
• Social Revolutions (women, Civil Rights,
family)
• Gender Roles over Time
Page | 129
World History (Back to Top)
Historical time periods - Ancient civilizations

• Greece
• Rome
• River Valley civilizations
Historical time periods - Middle Ages

• Early
• Late
• High
Renaissance
• Art
• Religion
• Philosophy
Historical themes
• War and conflict
• Revolutions
• Cultural development
Modern Times
• Enlightenment
• Industrial Revolution
• Europe - Napoleonic Era
Page | 130
Student Success and Parent Coaching (Back to Top)
Academic Strategies
• Note-taking Techniques
• Studying Techniques
• Homework
• Selecting a Major
• Managing Knowledge Gaps
• Scholarly Resources
Habits for Success

• Organizational Skills
• Attendance & Punctuality
• Motivation & Goals
Stress Management
• Healthy Habits
• Finding Balance
• Building a Support System
Non-Traditional Students
• Work/Life/Family Balance
• Learning New Technologies
• Financial Planning
• Career Transition
• Scheduling & Organization
Parent Coaching for Student Success

• Scheduling & Organization
• Setting Expectations
• Studying Techniques
• Using Resources
• Motivation & Goals
• Managing Knowledge Gaps
• Finding Balance
Page | 131
Career Help (Back to Top)
Employment Strategies
• Self-evaluation of qualifications
• Salary needs
• Benefits needed
• Scheduling and hours
• Promotion / progression potential
• Immediate needs v. long term goals
Cover Letters
• Template & formatting
• Content & length
• Grammar & spelling
• Targeted cover letters
Resumes
• Templates and formatting
• Appropriate email address
• Resume language v. conversational language
• Appropriate resume grammar
• Identifying and using key words
• Screen-out factors
• Resume length
• Military crossover resumes
• Power verbs
Online Job Searches

• Targeted job searches
• Assessing job requirements
• Identifying scams and catphishing
• Researching organizations
Completing Applications
• Understanding the online application process
• Prioritizing and scheduling applications
• Tracking completed applications
• Follow-up strategies
Interviews
• How to prepare
• Appropriate interview attire
• Online v in-person interviews
• Scheduling and punctuality
Page | 132

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