Life and Works of Rizal

Theory of Nationalism In Rizal’s Manifesto of December

15, 1896 while awaiting his death
KEY CONCEPTS: sentence, he stated that although

→ Jose Rizal is recognized as he loathed the abusive practices

the most prestigious and of the friars and colonial

dedicated 19th century government, he never advocated

Filipino nationalist. for an abrupt and chaotic

approach to independence.
→ Rizal was sent to schools run
by Dominican and Jesuits. He believed that the
→ In Noli Me Tangere, Rizal was Filipinos’ enlightenment was
represented by both Elias crucial: “I have given proofs as one
and Ibarra. who most wants liberties for our
country and I continue wanting
December 15, 1896 Manifesto
them. But I put as a promise the
- It is in this statement where education of the people so that
he personally declared that he was through education and work, they
against the revolution, and he might have a personality of their
favored the reform programs, own and make themselves worthy
especially regarding education. of them. In my writings, I have
recommended study, civic virtues,
without which redemption is
Ferdinand Blumentritt
impossible.”
- He is a close German friend
Pakikipagkapwa-tao
in Rizal’s youth with whom he
discussed the need for the young - This is a sense of

Filipino patriots to promote local nationalism wherein the

nationalism community shows care and

concern towards each other.
Patriotism
- It is characterized by the
deep love and attachment that
one feels for their own country,
culture, and national identity.
Pio Valenzuela
→ Pío Valenzuela y Alejandrino
was a Filipino physician and
revolutionary leader.
→ At the age of 23, he joined the
society of Katipunan,
movement which sought the
independence of the
Philippines from Spanish
colonial rule and started the
Philippine Revolution.
→ Sent by Bonifacio to inform
Rizal in Dapitan the plan of
the Katipunan to launch a
revolution.
La Solidaridad
was an organization created
by Rizal in Spain (Europe) on
December 13, 1888. Aims to unite
the Filipino people residing in
Europe.
La Liga Filipina
was a group created by
Doctor Jose Rizal on July 3, 1892 in
the Philippines.
It aims to unite the whole
archipelago into one society with
equality for Filipinos and
Spaniards in the Philippines.
Rufino Santos
a was the 29th Archbishop of
Manila from February 10, 1953, until
his death on September 3, 1973,
and was the first Filipino elevated
to the rank of cardinal.
was responsible for the
issuance of Pastoral Letter
campaigning against the passage
of the Rizal Bill.
Bill R.A. 1425
Rizal’s Law; Signed by Ramon
Magsaysay:
An act to include in the
curricula of all public and private
schools, colleges and universities
courses on the life, works and
writings of Jose Rizal, particularly
his novels Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, authorizing the
printing and distribution thereof, which made Filipinos of
and for other purposes. Spanish ancestry wealthier
because they had
connections to those who
Five Components of Nationalism handled goods from one

1. Culture country to another.

2. History → The Spanish authorities and

3. Language the friars used the Cavite
4. Religion Mutiny to implicate the three
5. Territory secular priests – Mariano
Gomez, Jose Burgos, and
Jacinto Zamora, collectively

19th Century Rizal known as GomBurZa – and

proclaimed that they were

KEY CONCEPTS: instigators of the said

mutiny.
→ Philippine society was
feudalistic as a consequence
→ The priests were executed by
garrote at Bagumbayan on
of the encomienda system
February 15, 1872.
imposed by the colonizers
→ Rizal dedicated his El
→ It was Jose Rizal who first
Filibusterismo to the three
used the word “Filipino“ to
secular priests.
refer to the inhabitants of
the country, whether they are
of Spanish or Filipino blood.
Encomienda System
He realized that the people
residing in the Philippines - It was a leasehold system
should be called one name – and a form of forced and unpaid
Filipino. labor used by Spanish authorities
→ The Industrial Revolution and settlers in the colonies of the
increased the movement of Spanish Empire.
trade around the world
Polo y Servicio friars grew more influential and
powerful.
- It refers to the forced labor
of men aged 16 to 60 years,
rendering their services to the
Suez Canal
government and the Catholic
church. - This is the first
infrastructure that paved the way
for the importation of books,
Polistas magazines, and newspapers with
liberal ideas from Europe and
- These refer to the natives
America.
which render forced labor under
polo y servicio mandate.

Governador General Carlos Maria

dela Torre
Governor-General or Governador-
General - He was a liberal-minded
governador-general who was
- It is the type of person or
favored by many Filipinos for his
role that leads the political set-up
considerate treatment towards
in 19th century Philippines
them.

- He gave amnesty to rebels

Jose de Basco y Vargas including Casimiro Camerino (the

- He was the first Governor- leader of the bandits of Cavite).

General in the Philippines under - He also established the
bourbon mandate Guardia Civil.

Frailocracy (Rule of Friars) Governador General Rafael

- This is the term given by Izquerdo

Graciano Lopez Jaena (Author of - He was the exact opposite

Fray Botod) to denote when the of Dela Torre’s rule.
 - He imposed harsh policies - He was a personal friend of
and laws, far from the liberal Rizal’s brother, Paciano Rizal
measures that Dela Torre
implemented

- He is also responsible for Encomienda System

removing the long-standing
personal benefits of the workers
under the encomienda system and
forced labor exemptions among
soldiers.

Cavite Mutiny

- Occurred on January 20,

1872

- This was a failed uprising

💡Terminology:
against the Spaniards, resulting in Peninsulares
disarmed, imprisoned, and dead - full-blooded Spanish born
Filipino soldiers. in Spain
Insulares
- It was staged by about 200
- full-blooded Spanish born
military personnel of the San in the Philippines
Felipe Arsenal in Cavite
Mestizos
- a Filipino descent with
mixed ancestry of either Spanish
Francisco Saldua or Chinese blood

- He was the Bicolano who Principalia

testified against the GomBurZa - noble and usually
educated upper class of Filipinos
Sangley
Jose Burgos - full-blooded Chinese
Indio THREE FILIPINO SECULAR
PRIESTS
- poor and native or
indigenous Filipino 1) Mariano Gomez
Negrito 2) Jose Burgos
- full-blooded Negro or Aeta 3) Jacinto Zamora

Ilustrados TWO DIVISIONS OF THE SPANISH

COLONIAL GOVERNMENT
- These is a new group of
influential middle-class Filipinos, 1) Political
usually including merchants and - It manages the internal
small-scale industrialists who had affairs of the state and execution
the means to provide education of laws
for their children.
- They are those who had the
privilege to recognize and 2) Ecclesiastical
condemn the ills of the Spanish
- It serves as the power to
colonial government through their
settle the church matters
education.
- They are also known as the
‘enlightened ones’. TWO TYPES OF OFFICIALS SENT
BY THE SPANISH KING AND
COUNCIL OF INDIES IN SPAIN TO
CHECK ON THE PERFORMANCE
💡Terminology: OF THEIR GOVERNADOR-
GENERALS
Alcaldia - term for ‘province’
1) Residencia
Pueblo - term for ‘town’
- He Investigates the
Barrio - term for ‘barangay’
performance of a
Governador-General who is
about to be replaced.

2) Visitadores or Visitador General

- He observes the conditions
of the colon
 Ascendance of Chinese 1741 - their legal status was officially
established when the whole

Mestizos population of the Philippines was

reclassified into four according to tax
payment or tribute.
Binondo, 1594

Spanish Governor Luis Pérez

Dasmariñas created Binondo as a Classification:
permanent settlement for Chinese
- Spaniards or Spanish (not
mestizo who converted to
required to pay taxes)
Catholicism.
- Mestizos
Binondo also became the place - Indios
of intermarriages between Chinese - Chinese and Chinese Mestizo
immigrants and Filipino natives, thus
the emergence of Chinese mestizo.
Chinese Mestizo are:
In Manila, notable communities
were Sta. Cruz and Tondo. - Any person born of a chinese
father and indio mother
In the early 17th century, more
- A child of spanish mestiza and
than 100 Chinese individuals were
chinese mestizo
married to native Filipinos in Iloilo,
Pampanga, and Cebu. In Northern However, a child of chinese
Luzon, Chinese mestizos could be mestiza and an indio were listed as
found in Pangasinan, Benguet, and Indios.
Mountain Province.

Inhabitants of the Philippines from

the beginning of Spanish Colonial Significance of Chinese Mestizo
Period until 1740 are: - They carried on a lucrative
- Spaniards business by collecting goods
- Indios from the north and selling
- Chinese them to manila and nearby
provinces.
 - They monopolized the - Spaniards feared that the
internet trading in the independent mindset and
Philippines while Spanish liberalism of Chinese
mestizos were concerned mestizos might influence the
with foreign trade. political consciousness of
- Indios.

The entrepreneurial power of the In conclusion:

Chinese mestizo gave way to the
The Philippine Revolution of
emergence of the Phi l ippines
1869 to 1898 was the act of
middle class describe as “more
determination on the part of
active and the enterprising, more
Filipinos-Indios and Chinese
prudent and pioneering, more
mestizos alike to claim for
oriented to trade and commerce
themselves and for the future
than the Indios” (Bowring, 1963).
generation the incomparable birth
right the nationhood.

1800s
- Chinese mestizos in the 💡Key-Points
provinces began to form
opinions regarding Spanish 1594 - Governor Luis Perez
colonial rule. It was also Dasmariñas created BINONDO
difficult to separate the
Binondo – Known as Paryaan.
Indios from Chinese mestizos
since they identified Paryaan – The shining district
themselves with each other during the Spanish Period.
socially and culturally.
1741 – Legal Status of Chinese
- Chinese mestizos shared
Mestizos was officially established
grievances with the Indios
about the harsh conditions Shang-Li – Merchant in Chinese

under the Spanish rule.

1800 – Chinese mestizo began to RIZAL AS THE TAGALOG CHRIST
form opinions against the Spanish
Late 1819 and Early 1899
colonial rule.
Revolutionary newspapers
Pedro Paterno and Gregorio
"La Independencia" and "El
Sanciano - most vivid
Heraldo de la Revolucion" reported
manifestation of the budding
about Filipino commemorating
sense of Filipino national ism
Rizal' s death in various towns in
appeared in the late 1870s.
the country.
- Their writing were nurtured
Early 1900
by Jose Rizal, a known pride of
Malay race but also a chinese Witnessed the founding of

mestizo. different religious organizations

honoring Rizal as "Filipino Jesus
1869-1861 – The Philippine
Christ"
Revolution with Chinese mestizos
against Spaniards occurred. 1907

Spanish writer and

philosopher Miguel de Unamuno

Remembering Rizal gave Rizal the Title "Tagalog

Christ", a religious organizations
December 30, 1896 venerating him had been formed
in different parts of the Philippines.
- Day Rizal was executed,
became an important
turning point in the history of
APOLINARIO DE LA CRUZ (1815-1841)
the Philippine revolution. His
death activated the full- Founded the religious

scale revolution that confraternity "Cofradia de San

resulted in the declaration of Jose” was also considered as the

the Philippine independence "Tagalog Christ" by his followers.

by 1898.
Cofradia de San Jose PIC became a major religious
sect with a number of followers
Established in 1832 in
supporting its anti-friar and anti-
response to the racially
imperialist campaigns. As a
discriminatory practices of the
nationalist religious institution, PIC
Catholic Church in the Philippines.
churches displayed the Philippine
During the Spanish colonial flag in its altars as an expression
period, Catholic religious orders of their love of the country and
refused to admit native Filipinos recognition of the heroes who
as members. fought for our independence.

FILIPE SALVADOR ISABELO DE LOS REYES

also known as Apo Ipe was a - A prominent Filipino

Filipino revolutionary who founded politician, writer and labor
the Santa Iglesia (Holy church), a activist in the 19th and 20th
messianic society also known as centuries.
the Colorum which had the aim of - He was the original founder
defeating and overthrowing the of the Iglesia Filipina
colonial government of the the Independiente, an
United States in the Philippines. independent Philippine
national church.
- Also known as the "Father of
THE CANONIZATION OF RIZAL
Philippine Folklore" , the
TRACING THE ROOTS OF
"Father of the Philippine
RIZALISTAS (August 3, 1902)
Labor Movement", and the
The earliest record about "Father of Filipino Socialism”
Rizal being declared as a saint is
that of his canonization initiated
by the Philippine Independent GREGORIO AGLIPAY

Church or La Iglesia Filipina - Born in 1860, He was a priest

Independiente. and fervent Filipino patriot.
 - one of the leaders of the
revolution, who at the same
time led a schism from the
Roman Catholic Church, and
co-founded the Philippine
Independent Church.
- Adarnista or the Iglesiang
Pilipina
- Sambahang Rizal
- Iglesia Watawat ng Lahi
- Suprema de la Iglesia de la
Ciudad
- Mistica de Dios Inc.

PAULINA CAROLINA MALAY

OBSERVATIONS FREEMASONRY IN THE
PHILIPPINES
Banal
A group of young Filipino students
- a religious sect in Dulag,
studying in Spain who helped
Barauen and limon Leyte.
spread the movement rapidly in
Pantay-pantay Philippine circles:

- a stranger society called - Marcelo H. del Pilar

Rizalinos, they walk barefoot - Graciano Lopez Jaena
in a procession to Rizal' s - Jose Alejandrino
monument and hold a queer - Ariston Bautista
sort of a mass. - Julio Llorente

Rizalina - Galicano Apacible

- Antonio Luna
- Bario Caluluan, Conception
- Juan Luna
Tarlac
- Jose Rizal
A " colorum " sect in Tayabas ,
Some of these joined
Quezon has built a chapel for him
Solidaridad Lodge 53 in
at the foot of Bundok San
Barcelona, Spain, and others
Cristobal , better known as Mt.
joined Revolucion Lodge.
Banahaw.
On January 6, 1891, Nilad Lodge
THE GROUPS VENERATING JOSE
was formed in Manila. Soon others
RIZAL:
followed throughout the
archipelago, even as far as KNIGHTS OF RIZAL
Zamboanga.
The Order of the Knights of
In 1893 these different lodges Rizal is the sole order of
were organized under the Grand knighthood in the Philippines. The
Regional Council led by Ambrocio Order is created to honor and
Flores. uphold the ideals of the Philippine
national hero Jose Rizal.

The insignis of the Order is

AMBROCIO FLORES
ranked seventh in the Order of
The Filipinos reorganized Wear pursuant to the
under Grand Master Ambrocio Implementing Rules and
Flores to establish the Filipino Regulations of the Honors Code of
Grand Orient in 1899. the Philippines.

HISTORY OF KNIGHTS OF

THE MASONIC LIFE OF JOSE RIZAL

RIZAL The Order was established in

According to Filipino 1911 by Colonel Antonio C. Torres,

historian Reynold Fajardo, In his who later served as the first
book “Dimasalang: The masonic Filipino chief of the police of
life of Dr. Jose Rizal”, Rizal was not Manila.
only mason, he was the only one The Order was granted a
among the leaders of the legislative charter by President
revolutionary movement during Elipidio Quirino as a non-
the Spanish era who "deserved to sectarian, non-partisan, non-
be called an international Mason racial civic, patriotic and cultural
since he was a member of various organization under Republic Act
Masonic lodges in Spain, Germany, 646 on June 14, 1951.
France and possibly, England”
💡Key-Points
Millenarian groups

- A socio-political movement
who generally believe in the
coming of a major social
transformation with the
establishment of the
kingdom of god.

Rizalista

- A religious movement that

believes in the divinity of Influences of Rizal’s Hero Boyhood:
Jose Rizal 1. Environmental Influences
Jove Rex Al 2. Hereditary Influences
3. Aid of the Divine
- The Latin name of Jose Rizal
Providence
according to Rizalistas : Jove
means God, Rex means King,
Al means All (God, King of all)

Colorum

- A term used to refer to secret

societies that fought against
the colonial government in
the Philippines

Canonizations

- The act of declaring a dead

person as a saint

Additional info:
 Rizal’s Life
Family, Childhood and Early
Education
The Rizal family was known to
be well-off family in Calamba,
Laguna and they were considered
as one of the biggest families in
those times. They lived a life of
comfort and prosperity,
considered that his family
belonged to the principalia
classor, the ruling elite of their
town.
Jose Rizal came from a 13-
member family, consisted of his
father Don Francisco Mercado II
and his mother Teodora Alonso
Realonda. Jose Rizal had nine
sisters and one brother. Saturnina
Rizal was the eldest child among
the siblings, followed by Paciano,
Narcisa, Olympia, Lucia, Maria,
Jose, Concepcion, Josefa and the
youngest was Soledad.
Birth of Rizal
Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y
Alonso Realonda
Rizal's parents chose the
name "Jose" because of Doña
Teodora's devotion to San José.
The second name Protacio was
derived from the birthday of the
saint, the same day Rizal was born.
then
June 19, 1861- Rizal was born in the
town of Calamba, province of
Laguna, Philippines
June 22, 1861- he was baptized in
the Cathoilc Church in Calamba
Father Rufino Collantes- The
parish priest who baptized Rizal
Father Pedro Casanas - Rizal's
godfather, and close friend of the
Rizal family.
- Noticed Rizal’s big head and
said “Take good care of this
child, for someday he will
become a great man.”
FRANCISCO MERCADO RIZAL
(1818-1898)
• Father of Jose Rizal who was
the youngest of 13 offspring
of Juan and Cirila Mercado.
• Born in Biñan, Laguna on
May 11,1818; studied in San
Jose College, Manila; and
• Died in Manila on January 5,
1898
TEODORA ALONSO REALONDA
(1827-1911)
• Mother of Jose Rizal who was
the second child of Lorenzo
Alonso and Brigida
Quintos.
• She studied at the Colegio
de Santa Rosa in Manila.
• She was a business-minded
woman, courteous, religious,
hard-working and well-read.
• She was born in Santa Cruz,
Manila on November 9, 1827
• Died August 16, 1911 in Manila
THE RIZAL SIBLINGS
• SATURNINA RIZAL (1850-1913)
▪ Eldest child of
Rizal-Alonzo marriage.
Married Manuel
Timoteo Hidalgo
Tanauan, Batangas
• PACIANO RIZAL (1851-1930)
▪ Only brother of Jose
Rizal and the second
child. Studied at San
Jose College in Manila;
became a farmer and
later a general of the
Philippine Revolution.
• NARCISA RIZAL (1852-1939)
▪ The third child.
Married Antonio Lopez
de
at Morong, Rizal; a
teacher and musician.
• OLYMPIA RIZAL (1855-1887)
▪ The fourth child.
Married Silvestre
Ubaldo; died in 1887
from childbirth.
• LUCIA RIZAL (1857-1919)
▪ The fifth child. Married
Matriano Herbosa.
• MARIA RIZAL (1859-1945)
▪ The sixth child. Married
Daniel Faustino Cruz
of Biñan, Laguna.
• JOSE RIZAL (1861-1896)
the
▪ The second son and
the seventh child. He
was executed by the
of
Spaniards on
December 30,1896
• CONCEPCION RIZAL (1862-
1865)
▪ The eight child. Died at
the age of three. Her
death was Rizal's first
sorrow in life.
 • JOSEFA RIZAL (1865-1945)
▪ The ninth child. She
was an epileptic and
died spinster at the
age of 80. She became
a member of
Katipunan.
• TRINIDAD RIZAL (1868-1951)
▪ The tenth child. Died a
spinster and the last of
the family to die.
• SOLEDAD RIZAL (1870-1929)
▪ The youngest child
married Pantaleon
Quintero
RIZAL'S CHILDHOOD MEMORIES
- His parents employed an aya
(nurse maid) who looked
after his comfort. His aya
told him a lot of stories
about the fairies, asuang, the
nuno and the tikbalang.
- Another childhood memory
was the daily praying of
Angelus. By nightfall, Rizal
related, his mother gathered
all the children at their altar
to pray the Angelus.
- Another memory of Rizal's
infancy was the nocturnal
walk.
- Un Cuerdo A Mi Pueblo (In
Memory of My Town) - a
poem about Rizal's beloved
town writtten by Rizal in 1876
when he was 15 ears old and
was student in the Ateneo de
Manila.
- The death of little Concha
brought Rizal in his first
sorrow
- At the age of three, he began
to join religious processions,
novena in the church
- At the age of five, he was able
to read the Spanish bible
with the help of his mother.
- The Story of the Moth - made
the profoundest impression
on Rizal "died a martyr to its
illusions"
- At the age of five, Rizal began
to make sketches with his
pencil and mold in clay and
wax objects which attracted
his fancy
- Sa Aking Mga Kabata (To My
Fellow Children) - Rizal's first
poem in native language at
the age of eight, it reveals
 Rizal's earliest nationalist Juancho - Rizal' s teacher in
sentiment painting

EARLY EDUCATION IN CALAMBA, Return to Calamba:

BINAN
December 1870 - he recieved a
Journey to his Early Education: letter fro his sister Saturnina
advising him to ride the steamer
Maestro Celestino - Rizal' s first
Talim that would bring him back to
tutor
Calamba
Maestro Lucas Padua- Rizal' s
December 17, 1870 - he reached his
second tutor
home at Calamba.
Leon Monroy - a former classmate
of Rizal' s father, he lived at the
rizal home and instructed Jose in
Spanish and Latin. Unfortunately,
Agrarian Relations and
he did not live long. He died five
months later.
The Friar Lands
June 1869 - at the age of eight, Rizal AGRARIAN
needed to leave his family to study - relating to the land,
in Binan especially the use of land for
farming.

The First Day to Binan: - relating to land, land

Maestro Justiniano - he had the
reward and punishment as his
method of teaching: he
corporal punishment to inuculate
discipline to his students
Pedro - he was challenge by Rizal
to a fight
tenure, or the division of landed
property
used
PRE-SPANISH PERIOD
Long before the arrival of the
Spaniards, ancient Filipinos were
living in scattered barangays and pay except when he would be
ruled by different chieftains. given a portion as a reward
Although, they were living for exceptional services
separately, they were similar in
many ways, their religion, mode of
dressing, houses, system of SPANISH PERIOD

government and marriage ENCOMIENDA

practices and economic activities,
- a grant that had the
in short, they were refined and
right to collect tribute from
civilized; they possessed a distinct
the fruits of the land for two
culture that distinguish them from
generations. It did not mean
other race.
possession of the land to the
The barangay system is grantee. It was basically a
composed of: mean of collecting tributes.

a) Datu ENCOMIENDEROS

- who owns the land - persons rewarded the

b) Maharlika encomiendas for

exceptional service to the
-free to till the land and
Spanish Crown.
enjoyed the fruit of the land
but did not own the land

c) Alipin HISTORY OF THE FRIAR LANDS

1) Namamahay- lived SITIO DE GANADO MAYOR

with the datu to serve and - 120 larger tracts of land

did not own the land but
CABALLERIAS
tilled the land for the datu.
- 120 smaller tracts of land
2) Saguguilid- did not
live with the Datu and serve GALLEON TRADE
the Datu. He worked for all
other encomienderos were
the fruits of the land without
attracted to shift their
 activities into trading than - Eventually sold to
merely making money for Dominicans.
collecting tributes. Mexico - The lands of Hacienda de
and Manila was open for Calamba were classified into
trading. three to determine rents and
each land has its own
INQUILINATO SYSTEM
products being produced.
land owner leased portion of
Tierras Palayeras - The land
his land to a farmer. This is
produces palay
the term used for the
individual who could take Tierras Cañadulzales (Sugar
charge of raising crops for land) -The land produces sugar
commercial purposes. cane

INQUILINO Tierras Catijanes -Includes

fishing ground and garden
are the one who rented
plots
the land and entered into
sharecropping arrangement - Rizal's family became one of
with a kasamas or the the principal inquilinos of
sharecroppers. the hacienda.
- They rented one of the
largest leased parcel of land
HACIENDA DE CALAMBA measuring approximately
- Originally owned by a 380 hectares.

Spaniard who donated the - Since the main crop was

land to Jesuit friars. sugar cane and it was the

- Went to possession of the most in demand in the world

Spanish colonial market then.

government. - The Rizal family got their

- In 1803, It was sold to Don income mainly from the land

Clemente de Azansa. ownership in the center

arouse in the 1883, the family
evidently suffer.
- And that's the beginning of
the sufferings in the family of
Rizal since the ownership of
Hacienda de Calamba are
out of their hands
Higher Education of
Rizal
SCHOLASTICS TRIUMPHS AT
ATENEO DE MANILA
- Dona Teodora was
imprisoned four months after
the death of Gomburza, and
José, who hadn't turned eleven,
was transported to Manila. She
was imprisoned for allegedly
planning on poisoning
sister-in-law.
- He attended the Ateneo
Municipal, a university run by
the Spanish Jesuits.
- This university was a fierce
adversary of the Dominican-
owned San Juan de Letran
College.
- Before, it served as the Escuela
Pia (Charity School), a Manila
school for poor boys.
- When the Jesuits, who had
been banished from the
Philippines in 1768, returned to
Manila in 1859, they were
handed control of the Escuela
Pia, which later became the
Ateneo de Manila.
- On June 10th, 1872, Paciano
and Rizal accompany him as he
enters the Ateneo.
still
- He passed the College of San
Juan de Letran's entrance
exams in Christian doctrine,
Mathematics, and Reading.
- He was first denied admission
her by the college's registrar, Father
Magin Fernando, for two
reasons; he was tiny and ill, and
late for registration.
- He was unwillingly permitted
to the Ateneo after Manuel
Xerez Burgos, Father Burgos'
nephew, intervened.
- Jose's family had raised
suspicions among the Spanish
authorities because he was the
first member of his line to - Fr. Jose Bech was Rizal's first
choose the surname Rizal. instructor. He described Rizal
as a tall, thin man with a body
- At this time, Jose attended
that was slightly leaned
Ateneo, a university inside the
forward, a quick gait, an
Manila Wall in the Intramuros
austere face that was inspired
neighborhood.
and severe, small deep sunken
- He initially boarded on eyes, a pointed, almost Greek
Caraballo Street, 25 minutes' nose, and thin lips that formed
walk from the College, at a an arc and fell into the chin.
home outside of Intramuros.
- Because his mother was
- A spinster called Titay owned incarcerated during the
this boarding house and owed summer of 1873, Rizal did not
the Rizal family 300 pesos. especially enjoy his time away.
Spinster-matandang dalaga.
- Three boys from Binan who
had been his classmates at the

JESUIT SYSTEM OF school of Maestro Justiano

EDUCATION were among his new students

during his second year at the
- Ateneo offers academic
Ateneo in 1873–1874.
programs leading to the AB
degree as well as technical - During a summer trip at

programs in mechanics, Calamba in 1874, when Rizal first

agriculture, and business. developed an interest in
reading romance novels.
- The Roman Empire, made up
of the Internos, and the - The Count of Monte Cristo by

Carthaginian Empire, made up Alexander Dumas was Rizal's

of the Externos, were the two initial choice of book.

groups into which the pupils - Later, after visiting the

were split. Philippines, Dr. Feodor Jagor, a
German scientist-traveler, wrote
a book titled Travels in the AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO
Philippines. TOMAS

- After a fun and rejuvenating - Both Paciano and Don Francisco

summer break, Rizal returned to wanted Jose to pursue further
Manila for his fourth year of education, but Dona Teodora
studies. On June 14, 1875, he opposed this because she
interned at the Ateneo, where believed that too much
one of his teachers at the time information might endanger
was Fr. Francisco Sanchez, a Jose's life.
superb teacher and researcher.
- After completing the first year of
- Years later, in a letter the Philosophy and Literature
expressing his love and thanks, course (1877–1878), he switched to
Rizal praised Father Sanchez, the Medical Program.
calling him "an example of
- He had more flings with women,
rectitude, isolation, and
won more literary awards, and
devotion to his pupils'
engaged in more battles with
advancement."
Spanish students as a Tomasino.
ROMANCE OF RIZAL
- During Spanish rule, a Bachelor
- At the age of 16, shortly after of Arts degree served as the
receiving his diploma from the equivalent of today's high school
Ateneo, Rizal had his first diploma, allowing its possessor to
romantic experience, "that enroll in Universities.
bitter event which comes to
nearly adolescents.“
TO THE FILIPINO YOUTH
- Segunda Katigbak, a lovely
fourteen-year-old Batanguena - A club of writers and painters

from Lipa, was the girl. called the Liceo Artistico-Literario

(Artistic-Literary Lyceum) of Manila
- “I blushed when she turned to
organized a literary competition in
face me.” – Jose Rizal.
the year 1879.
- At the time, Rizal, at eighteen, sent
in his poetry titled “a La Juventud
💡Key-Points
Filipina" (To The Filipino Youth).
1. Segunda Katigbak
- The poem by Rizal garnered the
- 1st romance of rizal
first prize, which was a silver pen in
the shape of a feather that was - Rosy cheeks with endearing
embellished with a gold ribbon, provocative smile.
from the board of judges, which 2. Miss L
was made up of Spaniards. - Margarita Almeda Gomez
- Fair with seductive and
attractive eyes
THE COUNCIL OF THE GOD’S

- The Artistic Literary Lyceum held 3. Leonor Valenzuela

another literary competition the - With grace and elegance as
next year (1880) to honor described by Rizal
Cervantes, Spain's celebrated - Exchanged of invisible love
writer, on the occasion of his letters
fourth centennial.
4. Leonor Rivera
- El Consejo de los Dioses (The
- Young lady from Camiling
Council of the God's), Rizal's prose
- 1st engagement of Rizal for 11
allegory, was inspired by his years (True Love)
poetical triumph the year before. - Cousin of Rizal
- “Pretty girl, tender as a body
- They were forced to give the prize flower with kind and blissful
eyes.
to Rizal after a thorough and
critical evaluation of the
submissions due to its greater 5. Consuelo Ortiga y Rey Perez
literary quality to the others.
- Sacrifice for friendship
- Despite all protests, Rizal was
- Among other distinctions,
given the reward, a gold ring with a
her father was a former
bust of Cervantes carved on it.
Mayor of Manila, then vice
 president of the Consejo de - “Byuda de Rizal”, called by
Filipinas and whose home katipuneros his wife
was the headquarters of the although they were not
Circulo Hispano Filipino. married

- Jose Rizal composed a - Later married Vicente

poem on August 22, 1883, Abad, had a daughter
dedicated to her, “A la named Dolores.
Senorita C.O. y R.”
- Died on March 15, 1902 by
6. O-Sei-San Tuberculosis in Hong Kong
- Seiko Usui at the age of 87 years old.
- “A pretty Japanese Girl”
- Exploration of Beauty - Daughter Dolores Died on
December 9, 1887

7. Suzanne Jacobby 10. Gertrude Beckett

- “A pretty niece who had his - Daughter of Rizal’s

landlady” Landlady

- Cousin of Suzanne

8. Nellie Boustead
- Richest girl Rizal dated Perito Agrimensor
- Failed Proposal
- Ex lover of Antonio Luna - means “Expert Surveyor”
- An unrequited love
- Became a licensed surveyor
on November 21, 1881 at the age of
17 years old
9. Josephine Bracken

- True love of Rizal in exile

Agustin Saez – Private tutor of Rizal
- 18 years old when she met
in painting
33 year old Rizal (Pedophile
and groomer) Romualdo de Jesus – Teacher in
sculpture
- Closest woman to Rizal