Intro Derivative

Daisy A. Romeo
Definition of Derivative
Definition

Definition
Let f (x) be a function whose domain conatins an open interval about
some point x0 . Then the function f (x) is said to be differentiable at x0 ,
and the derivative of f (x) at x0 is given by

0 4y f (x0 + 4x) − f (x0 )

f (x) = lim = lim .
4x→0 4x 4x→0 4x

Diffrerent notations of derivative of y = f (x)

0 df dy
f (x), y ” , dx , dx or Dx
Definition

Steps to find the derivative of a function f (x) at the point x0 are as

follows:
4y f (x0 +4x)−f (x0 )
Form the diffrence quotient 4x = 4x ;
Simplify if possible, cancelling 4x if possible;
0
Find the derivative f (x0 ), applying the limit to the quotient. If this
limit exists, then we say that the function f (x) is differentiable at x0 .
Definition

Example
Find the derivative of f (x) = 3x + 7 using the definition.
4y f (x0 +4x)−f (x0 )
Form the diffrence quotient 4x = 4x ;
f (x+4x)−f (x) 3(x+4x)+7−(3x+7)
4x = 4x ;
Simplify if possible, cancelling 4x if possible;
3(x+4x)+7−(3x+7)
4x = 34x
4x = 3;
0
Find the derivative f (x0 ), applying the limit to the quotient. If this
limit exists, then we say that the function f (x) is differentiable at x0 .
0
f (x) = lim f (x0 +4x)−f
4x
(x0 )
= lim 3 = 3
4x→0 4x→0

0
∴ f (x) = 3.
Example
Find the derivative of the following functions:
f (x) = x 2
Definition

Example
Find the derivative of the following functions:
8
f (x) = x+1
Differentiation Rules
Differentiation Rules

1. Derivative of a constant:

Let c be any constant and f (x) = c, then

df (x)
= 0.
dy

Example

f (x) = 100
0
f (x) = 0
Differentiation Rules

2. Derivative of x:

If f (x) = x, then
d(x)
= 1.
dy

Example

f (x) = x
0
f (x) = 1
Differentiation Rules

3. Derivative of a function with coefficient:

Let k be any constant such that g (x) = kf (x), then

dg (x) 0
= kf (x).
dy

Example

f (x) = 10x
0
f (x) = 10
Differentiation Rules

4. Derivative of a x n :

Let n be any constant such that f (x) = x n , then

df (x)
= nx n−1 .
dy

Example

f (x) = x 7
0
f (x) = 7x 6
Differentiation Rules

5. Derivative of sum of functions:

Let f (x) and g (x) be functions, then

d[f (x) + g (x)] 0 0

= f (x) + g (x).
dy

Example

f (x) = x 7 − 3x
0
f (x) = 7x 6 − 3
Differentiation Rules
Find the derivative of the following functions using the rules above.
Example
1. f (x) = 13x 3 − 3x + 7

x 2/3
2. y = 2 − 3x −2 + 7
Differentiation Rules

6. Derivative of [f (x)]n :

Let n be any real number and f (x) = [g (x)]n , then

df (x)
= ng 0 (x).
dy

Example

f (x) = (5x + 9)7

0
f (x) = 7(5x + 9)6 · 5
0
f (x) = 35(5x + 9)6
Differentiation Rules

7. Derivative of product of functions:

Let f (x) and g (x) be functions, then

d[f (x) · g (x)]

= f (x)g 0 (x) + g (x)f 0 (x).
dy

Example

f (x) = x 7 (5x + 9)
0
f (x) = x 7 (5) + (5x + 9)(7x 6 )
0
f (x) = 5x 7 + 35x 7 + 63x 6
0
f (x) = 40x 7 + 63x 6
Differentiation Rules
Find the derivative of the following functions using the rules above.
Example
√
1. y = (2x + 5) 4x − 1

2. y = (3x + 4)2 (x − 5)3

Differentiation Rules
8. Derivative of quotients of functions:
Let f (x) and g (x) be functions, then

d[ gf (x)
(x) ]
0
g (x)f 0 (x) − g (x)f (x)
= .
dy [g (x)]2

Example

16x − 3
f (x) =
5x + 7
0 (5x + 7)(16) − 5(16x − 3)
f (x) =
(5x + 7)2
0 8x + 112 − 80x + 15
f (x) =
(5x + 7)2
0 127
f (x) =
(5x + 7)2
Differentiation Rules
Find the derivative of the following functions using the rules above.
Example
4x−5
1. y = 2x+1

2. y = √3x+1
3x 2 +2
Differentiation Rules
Find the derivative of the following functions using the rules above.
Example
x−1
3. y = x 2 +5x−7

 4
2x−3
4. y = 5x+1
Differentiation Rules

9. Derivative of quotients of x1n :

1
Let n be any real number and f (x) = xn be functions, then

df (x) −n
= n+1
dy x

Example

1
f (x) =
x7
0 −7
f (x) = 8
x
Differentiation Rules
1
10. Derivative of quotients of [f (x)]n :
1
Let n be any real number and f (x) = [g (x)]n be functions, then
0
df (x) −ng (x)
=
dy [g (x)]n+1

Example

1
f (x) =
(x 2
+ 1)7
0 −7(2x)
f (x) = 2
(x + 1)8
0 −14x
f (x) = 2
(x + 1)8
Differentiation Rules
Find the derivative of the following functions using the rules above.
Example
1. y = √ 4
5x+3

2
2. y = (4x+1)3