University School of Business Studies

(Lab Manual)
Academic Year: 2020-21 EVEN SEMESTER

Programme(UG/PG) : UG

Semester : 4th

Course Code : BAP-312

Course Title : Introduction to Statistical Analysis Lab

Faculty of UniversitySchool of Business (BBA)

CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY
Ludhiyana Highway, Gharuan- 140413
District Mohali,Punjab
Experiment 1: Introduction to ITSAL, creating a new file SPSS and Importing data from other Files.

Objectives:
1. The Students will able to understand the basic introduction to many of the functions in SPSS
2. Train students regarding concept and structure of recording data entry in Spss.
3. Enable the Students to create a SPSS file and how to enter data in SPSS.

Course Outcomes:
1. Students will understand about the basic Introductory part and Get knowledge about SPSS.
2. Students will able to learn the practical aspect and Data entries in SPSS.
3. Students will learn the how to enter data in SPSS software.

Procedure:

Introduction: SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) is a versatile and responsive program designed
to undertake a range of statistical procedures. SPSS software is widely used in a range of disciplines and is
available from all computer pools within the University of South Australia.
It’s important to note that SPSS is not only statistical software – there are many others that you may
come across if you pursue a career that requires you to work with data. Some of the common
statistical packages include Stata and SAS (and there are many others).

Four Windows of SPSS.

1. Input window: It is the first page that gets displayed when we open SPSS software. Here we enter the
data primarily.
1. Data view: The data view is used to store and show your data. It is much like an ordinary
spreadsheet although in general the data is structured so that rows are cases and the columns
are for the different variables that relate to each case.
  Variable view: The variable view contains the variables on your data set , so it defines the
properties of your dataset. Each row will define all of the various variables. The variables
include – name, type, width, decimals, label, values, missing, column, align and measure.

2. Output window : This window is used to show the results that have been output from your data
analysis. Depending on the analysis that you are carrying out this may include the Chart Editor
Window or Pivot Table Window.
3. Syntax window : This window shows the underlying commands that have executed your data
analysis. If you are a confident coder this is where you can amend the code or write your own from
scratch and then run your own custom analysis on your data set.
4. Script window :Scripts can be used to customize operations within a particular stream and they are
saved with that stream. Scripts can be used to specify a particular execution order for the terminal
nodes within a stream. It is mainly used for coding and programming.

Uses of SPSS in business

1 SPSS is used as a data collection tool by researchers. The data entry screen in
SPSS looks much like any other spreadsheet software. We can enter variables
and quantitative data and save the file as a data file. Furthermore, we can
organize our data in SPSS by assigning properties to different variables.
2 Once data is collected and entered the data sheet in SPSS, we can create an
output file from the data. For example, we can create frequency distribution
of our data to determine whether our data is normally distributed. The
frequency distribution is displayed in an output file.
3 The most obvious use for SPSS is to use the software to run statistical tests.
SPSS has all of the most widely used statistical tests built-in to the software.
Therefore, we won’t have to do any mathematical equations by hand.
4 SPSS helps to create reports of questionnaire data in the form of graphical
presentations which are ready for publications and reporting.
5 SPSS research tool can compare and explore the differences between
responses to two or more questions. It’s very easy to find the difference
between to batches of data.
6 Using this tool we can make analysis according to the expected research
goals and obtain the gained results.
7 SPSS is the powerful tool for data analyzing and it’s also used for SPSS data
entry. It’s the first step in statistical process and it should be very important to
input data correctly.
 Creating a new file when SPSS Statistics is already open

If SPSS Statistics is already open, you can create a new file as follows:

 Click File > New > Data on the main menu, as shown below:

Published with written permission from SPSS Statistics, IBM Corporation.

You will be presented with a new file, as shown below:

Published with written permission from SPSS Statistics, IBM Corporation.

You have now created a new file and can enter data and define your variables. If you need help with
this, you can learn how to do this in our Entering Data in SPSS Statistics guide.

Importing Data into SPSS

If you already have data that are in an SPSS file format (file extension “.sav”), you can simply open
that file to begin working with your data in SPSS. However, if you have data stored in other types of
files, such as an Excel spreadsheet or a text file, you will need to instruct SPSS how to read the file
and then save it in the SPSS file format (“.sav”). Below, we will cover how to import data from two
common types of files: Excel files and text files.
Importing Data File from Excel File :To import data from an Excel spreadsheet into SPSS, first make
sure your Excel spreadsheet is formatted according to these criteria:
 The spreadsheet should have a single row of variable names across the top of the spreadsheet
in the first row.
 Variable names should include ordinary letters, numbers, and underscores (e.g.,
Gender, Grad_Date, Test_1) and not include special characters (e.g., "Graduation Date"
would not be a valid variable name because it contains a space).
 The data should begin in the first column, second row (beneath the variable names row) of the
spreadsheet.
 Anything that is not part of the data itself (e.g., extra text, labels, graphs, Pivot Tables) should
be removed.
 Missing values for string or numeric variables have blank (empty) cells, or an appropriate
predetermined missing value code (such as -999).

Here is an example of what properly formatted data looks like in Excel 2010:
Once the data in your Excel file is formatted properly it can be imported into SPSS by following these
steps:

1. Click File > Open > Data. The Open Data window will appear.

2. In the Files of type list select Excel (*.xls, *.xlsx, *.xlsm) to specify that your data are in an
Excel file. If you do not specify the type of file that you wish to open, your file will not
appear in the list of available files. Locate and click on your file. The file name will appear in
the File name field. Click Open.
 In the screenshot example above, “Excel” is selected as the file type, so only Excel files in the
current folder are visible.

3. If you are using SPSS Version 25, the Read Excel File window will appear.
  In the Worksheet dropdown menu, select the sheet from your Excel workbook that contains
your data. (If you have not assigned names to the sheets in your Excel workbook, the labels you see
here will usually be Sheet1, Sheet2, Sheet3, etc.) You can only import one sheet from your Excel
file at a time.
 If your variable names are in the first row of data, select the Read variable names from the
first row of data check box.
 The options Remove leading spaces from string values and Remove trailing spaces from
string valuesonly affect variables that are imported as strings. The former will remove any
whitespace characters that appear at the start of the string, and the latter will remove any whitespace
characters at the end of the string. This is optional, but is often convenient, since leading and trailing
spaces can appear invisible to the user, but cause SPSS to think that otherwise identical strings are
distinct.
 You may also specify the range of rows/columns to import if you wish. It is suggested to keep
the default value unless you have a reason for altering it.
 Click OK when you are finished.

4.If you are using SPSS version 24 or earlier, you will instead see the Opening Excel Data Source
window:
 The meaning of Read variable names from the first row of data checkbox, the Worksheet
dropdown, and the Range box are the same as above. The Maximum width for string columns
option determines how wide a string variable should be; it is suggested to keep the default
value unless you have a reason for altering it.

Now the data will appear in SPSS. Here is an example of how sample data appear in SPSS once the data
have been imported: