8.3.3 Start the ExamCard .........................................................

8-6
8.3.4 Plan the items of the ExamCard geometrically....................8-6
8.3.5 Resume the ExamCard .....................................................8-7
8.4 More about the ExamCards window ........................................... 8-7
8.4.1 ExamCards Screen Layout ................................................8-7
8.4.2 Current ExamCard with ExamCard items.........................8-9
8.4.3 Adjust the items of the ExamCard ...................................8-13
8.4.4 Parameter Editor............................................................8-19

9 Scan list: Planning and scanning ...................................................... 9-1

9.1 Switch ExamCards - Scanlist ....................................................... 9-1
9.2 ’Survey’ scan procedure ............................................................... 9-1
9.2.1 Selecting ..........................................................................9-1
9.2.2 Considerations .................................................................9-2
9.3 To perform the selected survey scan ............................................ 9-2
9.4 To setup a scan list ...................................................................... 9-3
9.5 More about the scan list .............................................................. 9-4
9.6 Planscan ...................................................................................... 9-5
9.6.1 To enter Planscan.............................................................9-5
9.6.2 Screen organization ..........................................................9-6
9.6.3 Planscan overlay...............................................................9-6
9.6.4 To plan the parameters of a scan........................................9-7
9.6.5 To plan the scan geometry .................................................9-9
9.7 Three-point Planscan (FlexPlan) ............................................... 9-10
9.7.1 To exit Planscan.............................................................9-10
9.8 Interactive scanning ................................................................... 9-11
9.9 Performing scans ....................................................................... 9-16

10 Viewing .............................................................................................. 10-1

10.1 Viewing in general ..................................................................... 10-1
10.2 Basic Viewing ............................................................................ 10-2
10.2.1 Select examination, scan and image.................................10-2
10.2.2 Screen setup ...................................................................10-3
10.2.3 Movies...........................................................................10-3
10.2.4 More .............................................................................10-4

Achieva/Intera 0-5
 10.2.5 Image Subset button .......................................................10-5
10.2.6 View, Window and RAL buttons ....................................10-5
10.2.7 Image processing.............................................................10-6
10.2.8 View settings..................................................................10-7
10.2.9 Window settings.............................................................10-7
10.2.10 ROI settings...................................................................10-7
10.2.11 More about ROI’s ..........................................................10-8
10.2.12 Line settings...................................................................10-9
10.2.13 More about lines ..........................................................10-10
10.2.14 Annotate settings ..........................................................10-11
10.2.15 More about annotations ...............................................10-11
10.2.16 Text suppression ...........................................................10-12
10.3 Advanced Viewing ................................................................... 10-13
10.3.1 To enter Advanced Viewing Environment......................10-13
10.3.2 Select scan and post-processing package ..........................10-16
10.3.3 ImageView ..................................................................10-17
10.3.4 Movies.........................................................................10-21
10.3.5 ROIs ...........................................................................10-22

11 Hardcopy ........................................................................................... 11-1

11.1 Hardcopy screen ........................................................................ 11-1
11.2 Hardcopy case ........................................................................... 11-1
11.2.1 Hardcopy Multi Case .....................................................11-1
11.3 Hardcopy image ........................................................................ 11-2
11.4 HC Protocols ............................................................................ 11-3
11.5 Camera control ......................................................................... 11-4

12 Postprocessing Packages ................................................................ 12-1

12.1 Advanced Viewing Environment ............................................... 12-1
12.1.1 VolumeView package: MPR............................................12-3
12.1.2 VolumeView package: Surface Rendering
(shaded or unshaded) .....................................................12-8
12.1.3 Image Algebra................................................................12-9
12.1.4 PicturePlus ..................................................................12-13
12.2 Standard Viewing Environment .............................................. 12-15
12.2.1 MPR package ..............................................................12-15

0-6 Achieva/Intera
 12.2.2 Interactive MIP package ...............................................12-17
12.2.3 Compare package .........................................................12-18
12.2.4 Review Planscan package ..............................................12-18
12.2.5 Cardiac Analysis package ..............................................12-19
12.2.6 Q manager ..................................................................12-19
12.2.7 Screen Capture.............................................................12-19

13 Administration ................................................................................. 13-1

13.1 Patient Database Administration ............................................... 13-1
13.1.1 Different storage devices ..................................................13-1
13.1.2 Single patient administration..........................................13-4
13.1.3 Storage and Transfer of Patient Data ...............................13-5
13.1.4 Data transfer to DVD ....................................................13-6
13.2 Preset procedure administration ................................................ 13-8
13.3 Previous scans .......................................................................... 13-10
13.4 ExamCard Exchange ............................................................... 13-11
13.4.1 To connect to NetForum ...............................................13-11
13.4.2 Different User Levels on NetForum ...............................13-12
13.4.3 To register / to login for ExamCard Exchange .................13-12
13.4.4 To download or upload protocols ...................................13-13
13.5 Remote Assistance ................................................................... 13-13
13.6 FPR utility .............................................................................. 13-14

14 Artifacts ............................................................................................. 14-1

14.1 Motion artifacts ......................................................................... 14-1
14.1.1 Cardiac motion artifacts .................................................14-2
14.1.2 Artifacts caused by breathing...........................................14-3
14.1.3 Artifacts due to blood flow ..............................................14-4
14.1.4 CSF pulsation artifact ....................................................14-5
14.1.5 Flow void artifact...........................................................14-6
14.2 Chemical shift artifacts .............................................................. 14-7
14.2.1 Water-Fat shift...............................................................14-7
14.2.2 Water-Fat dephasing.......................................................14-8
14.3 Aliasing artifact .......................................................................... 14-9
14.4 Magnetic material artifacts ...................................................... 14-10
14.5 Susceptibility artifact ............................................................... 14-10

Achieva/Intera 0-7
 14.6 Ringing (Gibbs) artifact ........................................................... 14-11
14.6.1 Zebra stripe artifact......................................................14-12
14.7 MRA inflow artifacts ............................................................... 14-13
14.7.1 Venetian blind artifact .................................................14-13
14.7.2 Staircase artifact ..........................................................14-13
14.8 Fat suppression artifact ............................................................ 14-14
14.9 Quadrupole artifact ................................................................. 14-16
14.10 Multiple stack artifact .............................................................. 14-17
14.11 REST artifact .......................................................................... 14-17
14.12 SENSE Artifacts ...................................................................... 14-18
14.12.1 Intrinsic backfolding ....................................................14-18
14.12.2 Intrinsic backfolding of artifacts ....................................14-19
14.12.3 Cut-line artifacts..........................................................14-19
14.12.4 Fold-over artifacts due to missing SENSE mattress .........14-19
14.12.5 Positioning differences Reference and SENSE scan ..........14-19
14.12.6 Single-shot sequences and Fat Shift Direction .................14-20

15 Effects of higher field strengths

(3.0 Tesla) 15-1
15.1 3.0 T coils ................................................................................. 15-1
15.2 Safety for higher field strengths ................................................. 15-1
15.2.1 Acoustic noise.................................................................15-1
15.2.2 Metallic items ................................................................15-1
15.3 General considerations for higher field strengths ....................... 15-2
15.3.1 Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) .......................................15-2
15.3.2 Contrast ........................................................................15-2
15.3.3 In phase TE’s and out of phase TE’s.................................15-4
15.3.4 Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)...........................................15-5
15.3.5 Chemical Shift...............................................................15-5
15.3.6 Susceptibility artifacts.....................................................15-6
15.3.7 Uniformity ....................................................................15-6
15.3.8 Flow artifacts.................................................................15-7
15.4 Imaging parameters ................................................................... 15-8
15.4.1 Parallel REST................................................................15-8
15.4.2 SAR mode, B1 mode and B1 amplitude ..........................15-8

0-8 Achieva/Intera