Research 2 - Manipulation - The Manipulation of the

Independent Variable in order to observe

Quantitative Research the effect on the Dependent Variable.
- Control - Refers to a group of subjects who
Nature of Quantitative Research
is being observed or measured in order to
- The aim of quantitative research is to eliminate the bias.
examine the relationships between
Types of Experimental Research
variables. It conducts the inquiry in an
unbiased or objective manner.
True Quasi Pre
Types of Variables Experimental Experimental Experimental
Research Research Research
- Dependent - The result of another Variable.
- More - Are those - Are those
- Independent - The variable that researchers
accurate form designs that designs that
manipulate. of research do not satisfy do not have
design. the strict any
Types of Quantitative Research - A statistical requirements comparison
approach to of the groups.
Non-Experimental - Researchers describe and establishing a experiment. - Absence of
analyze problems without manipulating the cause-and-effe - Absence of Randomizatio
variables. ct relationship either n and Control
between Randomizatio Group.
- Descriptive Design (Developmental) - The different n or Control
objective of a descriptive study is to focus variables. Group.
on ‘who,’ ‘what,’ ‘when,’ and ‘how’
questions.
a. Cross Sectional - Measures the Research Title
outcome and the exposures in the
study participants at the same Research Title
time.
- summarizes the main idea or ideas of your
b. Longitudinal Study - A study that
study.
involves looking at variables over
an extended period of time. Steps in Writing a Research Title
- Correlational Design - Explores the
relationship between variables using Step 1 - Ask yourself these questions:
statistical analyses.
- What is my paper about?
a. Positive Direction - Variables that
- What techniques / designs will be used?
have the same results.
- Who are the participants/samples?
b. Negative Direction - Variables that
- What will be the possible result?
have opposite results.
Step 2 - Use your answers to list keywords
Experimental - Researchers manipulate the situation
and measure the outcome of his manipulation. Step 3 - Create a statement that includes all the
keywords you listed.
- Randomization - Participants being
assigned to either experimental group or Step 4 - Delete all unnecessary words
control group.
Step 5 - Link the remaining words
Background of the Study
Background of the Study
- The introduction of your research paper
which includes an explanation of the area of
your research to set context for the study.
- Includes a related article in which you
explain what previous studies state about
the topic
- Should also explain the problem that the
study addresses and give a brief account of
the history of the problem mentioning
whether it has been addressed in any form
before.
The Structure of Background of the Study
- Introduction or general knowledge
- Body of the article
- Arising problem
- Rationale of the researcher on conducting
the study
- The aim of the researcher
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
- The Scope on the other hand, refers to the
area of the study usually large enough to be
significant.
- The Delimitation refers to the limits of the
study or the parameter or boundary of the
study.
Parts of Scope and Delimitation
- Introductory Paragraph
- Scope
- Delimitation
Review of Related Literature Articles
Review of Related Literature Articles
- This component presents the literature and
studies reviewed by the researcher that
have significant bearing to the present
undertaking
Importance of RRLAS
- Keeps you up to date on a topic
- Provides you a solid background knowledge
- Gives you an overview on a topic
- Justifies your research
Nature of RRLAS
- Summarize
a. Not an exhaustive summary of all
articles but only materials that are
directly relevant to the narrowed
topic.
b. Not a list of articles but a recap of
important information on a topic.
c. Draws upon the most recent,
relevant, and reviewed articles.
- Synthesize
a. Identifies the controversies and
differences of opinions
b. Finds the holes/gaps in current
reproach on a topic
c. Uses the thesis statement to
organize the summaries
d. Compares and contrasts articles
- Critically Analyze
a. Thinks about the author’s
perspective in the research
b. Thinks about the findings in a
broader context
Steps in writing RRLAS

- Create RRLAS Mapping

- Look for relevant articles and studies and
extract the summarize paragraph. Use
proper in-text citation (APA) format.
- Arrange the articles according to major
concepts and write the theme for each
paragraph.
- Combine paragraphs by putting thought
bridge or transition paragraph
- Add conclusion or overall summarization of
the article. Bring together the major points
discussed by the authors.