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CHE 435
Chemical Engineering Laboratory

Slides prepared by: Dr M. Tajammal Munir

Email: Muhammad.munir@aum.edu.kw

10/25/2022 1
Note: Please follow the assigned textbook. These notes are to facilitate students and can have typos.
 Lecture 5

Note: Please follow the assigned textbook. These notes are to facilitate students and can have typos.

10/25/2022 2
Course overview (Main topics)
Section 1: Fundamentals Section 2: Steady state Section 3: Dynamics
Introduction to process Steady state modelling Dynamic modelling &
design & simulations simulations

Introduction to process Equipment for

Dynamic
Dynamic CSTR
tank model
model
modelling & simulation transportation of fluids

Introduction to Aspen
HYSYS Piping operations Control operations

Thermodynamics &
Mixing, & heat transfer Monitoring in
physical properties in
process simulation operations dynamics

Flowsheets and unit Reactor

operations operations

Separation
Plantwide processes
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Course overview (Teaching materials)
• Reference textbooks:
• Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering, 7th edition, WL. McCabe, JC. Smith,
P Harriot
• Aspen Hysys: An Introduction to Chemical Engineering Simulation: For
Chemical Engineering Undergraduate Students, 2013, M.K. Hamid, LAP
LAMBERT Academic Publishing

• Lecture slides or notes

• Reference manuals or workshops

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Learning outcomes (LO)
1. Simulating equipment for transportation of fluids

2. Simulating piping operations

3. Generating hypothetical components (Compressor example)

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 From previous lecture
Introduction to Aspen HYSYS
• Aspen HYSYS environments
• Create a unit set
• Select the components
Basic • Choose a property package (Thermodynamic model, etc.)
Environment

• Create and specify the streams

• Install & define the unit operation prior to the column
Simulation • Install & define the column
Environment

• Degree of freedom (DOF) & specifications

Analysis • Analysing the results (Case study, verification, optimization, etc.)
Environment

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Equipment for transportation of fluids
Pump

Compressor

Turbine

Pipe segment

Valve
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Pump
• Pump:
• The pump operation is used to increase the pressure of an inlet stream.
Depending on the information specified, the pump calculates either an
unknown pressure, temperature or efficiency.

• Pump types:

Pump animation:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WUal9LXc0iM&t=590s&ab_channel=saVRee

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Pump
• Example:
• Pressurize a stream of water from 1 bar and 40 °C to 2 bar, and see how much
energy the pump will require to do so. In this example, the non-random two-
liquid (NRTL) fluid package is used, with a mass flow rate of 10 m3/h and a
water mole fraction of 1.

• Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) calculated = 9.585 m, and he pump requires
1336 kJ/h, which equates to 0.3711 kW

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Pump
• Relevant pump theory
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 − 𝑃𝑖𝑛 × 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑃𝑢𝑚𝑝 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑𝐼𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑙 =
𝐿𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 𝑃𝑢𝑚𝑝 𝑖𝑛𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 − 𝑃𝑖𝑛 × 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 =
𝐿𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 × 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑡 − 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤𝐼𝑛𝑙𝑒𝑡
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑𝐼𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑙
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 =
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙

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Compressor
• Compressor:
• A compressor is a device that increases the pressure of a substance (usually a
gas) by reducing the volume of the substance.

• Compressor types:

Compressor animation:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bJluUxA7aaY&ab_channel=learnchannel

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Compressor
• Example:
• A mixture of natural gas (C1, C2, C3, i-C4, n-C4, i-C5, n-C5, n-C6, n-C7+) at 100 °C
and 1 bar is fed to a compressor that has 30% efficiency. The flowrate of
natural gas is 100 kgmol/h and its outlet pressure from the compressor is 5
bar. Using Peng-Robinson equation of state, determine the outlet
temperature of the natural gas.

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Compressor
• Example:
• A mixture of natural gas (C1, C2, C3, i-C4, n-C4, i-C5, n-C5, n-C6, n-C7+) at 100 °C
and 1 bar is fed to a compressor that has 30% efficiency. The flowrate of
natural gas is 100 kgmol/h and its outlet pressure from the compressor is 5
bar. Using Peng-Robinson equation of state, determine the outlet
temperature of the natural gas.

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Compressor
• Relevant compressor theory
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑𝐼𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑟 𝐼𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑐
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 =
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑡 − 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤𝐼𝑛𝑙𝑒𝑡

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Turbine
• Turbine:
• A turbine or expander is a device that uses an expansion process to produce
work from the pressure energy of gas or steam

• Turbine types:

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Turbine animation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prXe3VAf7n4&t=549s&ab_channel=saVRee
Turbine
• Example:
• A mixture of natural gas (C1, C2, C3) at 25 °C and 20 bar is fed into an expander
that has 30% efficiency. The flowrate of natural gas is 100 kgmol/h and its
outlet pressure from the compressor is 5 bar. Using Peng-Robinson equation
of state, determine the outlet temperature of the natural gas.

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Turbine
• Relevant turbine theory
𝐹𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 ℎ1 − ℎ2𝑟
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = =
𝐹𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑𝐼𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑟 𝐼𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑐 ℎ1 − ℎ2𝑠
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤𝐼𝑛𝑙𝑒𝑡 − 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑡

ℎ1 = 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑝𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒

ℎ2𝑟 = 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑝𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠

ℎ2𝑠 = 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑝𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐼𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠

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Pipe segment
• Pipe segment:
• A turbine or expander is a device that uses an expansion process to produce
work from the pressure energy of gas or steam

• Pipe segment types:

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Pipe animation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MLAiogEwG-I&ab_channel=SantoshWalke
Pipe segment
• Example 1:
• Water flows through a mild steel horizontal pipe (pipe schedule 40, inner
diameter 77.9272 mm, 100 m long) at a flow rate of 1000 kmole per hour at
30 ◦C and 100 kPa. The average ambient temperature is 25 ◦C, and Profes
correlation for heat transfer calculation can be employed. Using the model,
develop temperature and pressure profiles along the pipe length.

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Pipe segment
• Example 1:

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Pipe segment
• Example 1:

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Pipe segment
• Example 2: Pressure drop calculation

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Pipe segment
• Example 2: Pressure drop calculation

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Web link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SwSM2GQLR_c&ab_channel=DesiGnHuB
Pipe segment
• Example 3:
• A flow rate of 40 tons⋅h–1 of water is transported by a 250 m long pipe made
from mild steel, with an inside diameter of 100 mm and a wall thickness of 5
mm. The pipe system contains the following settings: an open gate valve, a
half-open gate valve, two standard 90° elbows, a disk water meter, and an
open globe valve, which are placed as shown in the figure below. The pipe
inlet and outlet are at the same horizontal level. The water pressure at the
beginning of the pipe system is 5 bar, and its temperature is 25 °C. Average
ambient temperature is 20 °C, and the average value of the heat transfer
coefficient is 20 W⋅m−2⋅K−1. Calculate the pressure drop, pressure, and
temperature profile across the length of the pipe.

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Valve
• Valve:
• A valve is a device or natural object that regulates, directs or controls the flow
of a fluid by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways

• Valve types:

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Valve animation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C5ZMLWujKGs&ab_channel=saVRee
Valve
• Example:

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Web link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3350sXphY8&ab_channel=AspenHysyswithFNSB13
Valve
• Relevant valve theory

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 Additional notes

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Pipe segment
• Example 4: 2 pipes and 1 elbow 90

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Web link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kNNEWiCd0Q&ab_channel=SantoshWalke