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Chapter 3 Lecture

Basic Chemistry
Fourth Edition

Chapter 3 Matter and Energy


3.2 States and Properties of Matter

Learning Goal Identify the


states and physical and chemical
properties of matter.

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States of Matter – Solids

Matter on earth exists in one of three physical


states: solids, liquids, or gases.
• Solids have a definite shape and definite
volume.

Amethyst, a solid, is a purple form of quartz, SiO2.


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Guna..?
Secara ringkas kegunaan pasir silika:

1. Pada pengolahan air untuk penjernihan dengan menyerap lumpur,


tanah, sedimen (mesh 4-30, range: 4-6, 8-16, 16-30). Pada industri
bahan abrasit yaitu amplas/sand blasting (mesh 8-30, 16-30)
2. Bahan utama industri bentuk silika tepung/silika flour (mesh 50-
2500 umumnya mesh 100,150,200,300,325) yaitu untuk gelas/kaca
(SiO2>95%, mesh 200-325), semen (SiO2=21,3%, mesh 200-325),
tegel/mosaik/keramik (pembentuk sifat licin/mudah dibersihkan,
mesh 200-325), fero silikon, silikon carbide, mikrochip/elektronika
(ukuran nano silika)
3. Lapangan futsal (mesh 8-16), Landscapping (mesh 60-100)
4. Bahan campuran sebagai bahan pengeras pada industri
karet/ban/cat (ukuran nano silika), gerinda

PR Apa itu MESH???


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Physical Properties

Physical properties are


• characteristics observed or measured without
changing the identify of a substance
• For example:
a penny is round, has an orange-red color, and has
a shiny luster (kilau mengkilap).
• shape, physical state, boiling and freezing
points, density, and color of that substance

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Physical Changes

Physical changes
occur when matter undergoes a physical change
of state, but its composition remains constant.
Water exists in three states, ice, water, and steam.

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Physical Changes

Penampilan fisik (the physical appearance) suatu


zat juga dapat berubah dengan perubahan fisik
(physical change).
Berikan contoh fenoimena air laut menjadi garam!

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Physical Changes

The physical appearance of a substance can also


change with a physical change.
For example, when dissolving salt in water,
the salt crystals are no longer visible but can be
re-formed when the water evaporates.

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Physical Changes:

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Chemical Properties

Chemical properties
describe the ability of a substance
• to interact with other substances
• to change into a new substance

Cooking sugar at high


temperatures changes its
chemical properties.

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Chemical Changes
Chemical changes
take place when the original substance is converted
to a new substance with different physical and
chemical properties.
For example
when iron nails corrode in the presence of water, a
new substance forms on them, a red-orange powder
called rust (Fe2O3).

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Examples of Chemical Changes

noda

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Physical and Chemical Properties
and Changes

Luster: kilau
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Learning Check

Classify each of the following as a


(1) change of state (2) change of shape

A. chopping a log into kindling wood


B. water boiling in a pot
C. ice cream melting
D. ice forming in a freezer
E. cutting dough into strips

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Learning Check

Classify each of the following properties as


physical or chemical:

A. ice melts in the sun


B. copper is a shiny metal
C. paper can burn
D. a silver knife can tarnish
E. a magnet removes iron particles
from a mixture

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Learning Check

Classify each of the following changes as physical


or chemical

A. burning a candle
B. ice melting on the street
C. toasting a marshmallow
D. cutting a pizza
E. iron rusting in an old car

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TO BE CONTINUED 

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