Chapter 3 Lecture

Basic Chemistry
Fourth Edition

Chapter 3 Matter and Energy

3.2 States and Properties of Matter

Learning Goal Identify the

states and physical and chemical
properties of matter.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 States of Matter – Solids

Matter on earth exists in one of three physical

states: solids, liquids, or gases.
• Solids have a definite shape and definite
volume.

Amethyst, a solid, is a purple form of quartz, SiO2.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Guna..?
 Secara ringkas kegunaan pasir silika:

1. Pada pengolahan air untuk penjernihan dengan menyerap lumpur,

tanah, sedimen (mesh 4-30, range: 4-6, 8-16, 16-30). Pada industri
bahan abrasit yaitu amplas/sand blasting (mesh 8-30, 16-30)
2. Bahan utama industri bentuk silika tepung/silika flour (mesh 50-
2500 umumnya mesh 100,150,200,300,325) yaitu untuk gelas/kaca
(SiO2>95%, mesh 200-325), semen (SiO2=21,3%, mesh 200-325),
tegel/mosaik/keramik (pembentuk sifat licin/mudah dibersihkan,
mesh 200-325), fero silikon, silikon carbide, mikrochip/elektronika
(ukuran nano silika)
3. Lapangan futsal (mesh 8-16), Landscapping (mesh 60-100)
4. Bahan campuran sebagai bahan pengeras pada industri
karet/ban/cat (ukuran nano silika), gerinda

PR Apa itu MESH???

© 20## Pearson Education, Inc.
 Physical Properties

Physical properties are

• characteristics observed or measured without
changing the identify of a substance
• For example:
a penny is round, has an orange-red color, and has
a shiny luster (kilau mengkilap).
• shape, physical state, boiling and freezing
points, density, and color of that substance

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Physical Changes

Physical changes
occur when matter undergoes a physical change
of state, but its composition remains constant.
Water exists in three states, ice, water, and steam.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Physical Changes

Penampilan fisik (the physical appearance) suatu

zat juga dapat berubah dengan perubahan fisik
(physical change).
Berikan contoh fenoimena air laut menjadi garam!

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Physical Changes

The physical appearance of a substance can also

change with a physical change.
For example, when dissolving salt in water,
the salt crystals are no longer visible but can be
re-formed when the water evaporates.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Physical Changes:

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

8
 Chemical Properties

Chemical properties
describe the ability of a substance
• to interact with other substances
• to change into a new substance

Cooking sugar at high

temperatures changes its
chemical properties.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Chemical Changes
Chemical changes
take place when the original substance is converted
to a new substance with different physical and
chemical properties.
For example
when iron nails corrode in the presence of water, a
new substance forms on them, a red-orange powder
called rust (Fe2O3).

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
11
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
12
 Examples of Chemical Changes

noda

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Physical and Chemical Properties
and Changes

Luster: kilau
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Learning Check

Classify each of the following as a

(1) change of state (2) change of shape

A. chopping a log into kindling wood

B. water boiling in a pot
C. ice cream melting
D. ice forming in a freezer
E. cutting dough into strips

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Learning Check

Classify each of the following properties as

physical or chemical:

A. ice melts in the sun

B. copper is a shiny metal
C. paper can burn
D. a silver knife can tarnish
E. a magnet removes iron particles
from a mixture

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Learning Check

Classify each of the following changes as physical

or chemical

A. burning a candle
B. ice melting on the street
C. toasting a marshmallow
D. cutting a pizza
E. iron rusting in an old car

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 TO BE CONTINUED 

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

18