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Physics Investigatory Project
Physics Investigatory Project
Investigatory
Project
Year :- 2022-2023
BY :-
SNBP’s INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, MANJRI
CERTIFICATE
I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible
without the kind support and help of many individuals.
I would also like to thank my parents for their continuous support and
encouragement.
𝐶
𝑛=
𝑉
Where c is the speed of light in vacuum and v is the phase velocity of light in the medium.
For example, the refractive index of water is 1.333; meaning that light travels 1.333 times
faster in a vacuum than it does in water.
APPARATUS
✓ Convex Lens
✓ Plane Mirror
✓ Water
✓ Oil
✓ Clamp Stand
✓ An Optical Needle
✓ Plumb Line
✓ Knitting Needle
✓ Half Meter Scale
✓ Glass Slab
✓ Spherometer
DIAGRAM
THEORY
1. If f1 and f2 be the focal length of the glass convex
lens and liquid lens and f be the focal length of their
combination then:-
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝑭𝒇𝟐
= + or f2 =
𝑭 𝒇𝟏 𝒇𝟐 𝒇𝟏 −𝑭
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= (𝒏 − 𝟏) ⌊ − ⌋
𝒇𝟐 𝑹𝟏 𝑹𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
=(𝒏 − 𝟏) ⌊ − ⌋
𝑹𝟏 ∞
𝟏
= (n-1)⌊𝑹 − 𝟎⌋
𝟏 𝒏−𝟏
=
𝒇𝟐 𝑹
𝑹
n= 𝒇𝟐
+𝟏
Where n = Refractive index of the liquid
R = the radius of the curvature of the convex lens.
𝒍 𝟏 + 𝒍𝟐 + 𝒍 𝟑
l=
𝟑
OBSERVATIONS
(1) AB = 3 cm
(2) BC = 3 cm
(3) CA = 3 cm
2 64 0 4 60 0.6
To measure focal length ‘f’ of convex lens
CALCULATIONS
(0.555+0.6)
Mean of h = = 0.5775 cm
2
𝑙2 ℎ
𝑅= + = 2.8861 𝑐𝑚
6ℎ 2
Measurement of refractive indices of water and oil
1) With water between the convex lens and the plane mirror:
𝑅 2.8861
𝜇1 = 1 + = 1+ = 1.0831
𝑓2 34.7
2) With oil between the convex lens and the plane Mirror
𝑅 2.8861
𝜇2 = 1 + = 1+ = 1.2886
𝑓3 10
Results
SOURCES OF ERROR