MATERIAL RELATED ISSUES IN

RESTORING A HERITAGE BUILDING

DISSERTATION
Submitted by
WINSTON BRUCE. J. X
(Reg No: 201592101019)

Dr. M.G.R. Educational & Research Institute

(Declared U/s. 3 of UGC Act 1956)

In partial fulfilment for the award of the degree

of

M. Arch - Construction Project Management

1
 Dr. M.G.R. Educational & Research Institute

(Declared U/s. 3 of UGC Act 1956)

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that the Dissertation titled “MATERIAL RELATED ISSUES IN

RESTORING A HERITAGE BUILDING” is the bonafide work of

WINSTON BRUCE .J.X (Reg No: 201592101019) who carried out the
Dissertation under my supervision. Certified further that to the best of my
knowledge the work reported herein does not form part of any other thesis or
dissertation on the basis of which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier
occasion of this or any other candidate.

Signature of the Internal Guide Signature of the External

Examiner

HOD Dean

2
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to acknowledge my sincere thanks to my institution

Dr .M.G.R Educational and Research institute for the opportunity and
encouragement throughout the dissertation project.

I am thankful to my guide, Prof. Ar. Vilasini Suman, who’s

understanding, and support made it possible for me to work on this topic.
Without her guidance and persistent help, this dissertation would not have been
possible.

I express my deep sense of gratitude to Prof. Ar. Fathima Taskeen,

Prof. Ar. Vidya Naveen and Prof. Ar. Indra Priya for their immense
guidance, sharing their knowledge and shaping my dissertation.

I wish to express my indebtedness to my research participants of the

questionnaire survey and the subject matter expert’s interviews from their
valuable time and input. Special thanks to Ar.Arul, Ar.Alisha, INTACH
Pondicherry and PWD for their guidance and providing valuable information.

I hereby thank all the people, who selflessly helped me to shape this
dissertation from bottom of my heart. Finally, to my friends and family for their
incessant care and trust.

Candidates Signature

3
ABSTRACT
Historical building is the representation of a country’s culture and
history, preserving and maintaining these buildings will preserve a country’s
heritage. Restoring a heritage building is not a very easy process. Restoring
Process involve many risks like availability of used material, structural
stability of a building will decide the possibility of restoration. India is a
country with huge history and cultural assortment, India has over 15000
historical building, Among which the 3570 are declared as national
monuments and few others are declared as state monuments others are
preserved and maintained by volunteers and trusts.

Number of issues in its process often challenges building restoration.

This research study is about to find the issues involved in the restoration of a
building. Many categories of risks were listed form the literature study like
environmental, financial, and technical. Questionnaire surveys will be made
and reviews collected from the architects, engineers and contractors who
work in the building restoration the data. From the questionnaire survey is
compared with the literature study data that study have collected and listed
the issues.

materials and labor are one of the major issues in restoring a heritage
building globally. However, the reasons varies according to the respective
regions. shortage of material, poor estimation, labor scarcity, financial issue
are some of the issues identified form the case studies and compared with the
risk factors collected for the questionnaire survey and the literature study and
conclusion is made. This observation is expected to help in reviewing
relevant policies in order to ensure on time project delivery.

4
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER.NO TITLE PAGE.NO

LIST OF TABLES 07
LIST OF FIGURES 07

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION 09
1.2 AIM & OBJECTIVE 09
1.3 LIMITATION 09
1.4 METHODOLOGY 10

2. LITERARURE STUDY

2.1JOURNAL STUDY
2.1.1 Approach To Restoration 12
2.1.2 Role Of Pm In Restoration 15
2.1.3 Issues Related To Restoration 17

2.2 BOOK STUDY (Maintenance Repair &

Rehabilitation & Minor Works Of Building)
2.2.1 Introduction 20
2.2.2 Key Points 20

2.3 NET CASE STUDY

2.3.1 Case Study1 (Danish Fort At Tranquebar)
2.3.1.1 Introduction 21
2.3.1.2 Issues Identified & 21
Solutions Provided

2.3.2 Case Study2 (Indian Institute Of

Management)
2.3.2.1 Introduction 22
2.3.2.2 Issues Identified 23
2.3.2.3 Solution Provided 23
2.3.3 Case Study3 (Minceta Fortress)
2.3.3.1 Introduction 24
2.3.3.2 Issues Identified 25
2.3.3.3 Solution Provided 25
2.4 INFERENCE FROM LITERATURE STUDY 26

5
3. LIVE CASE STUDY
3.1 CASE STUDY 1
3.1.1 Introduction 28
3.1.2 Material Details 29
3.1.3 Issues Faced 30

3.2 CASE STUDY 2

3.2.1 Introduction 32
3.2.2 Material Details 34
3.2.3 Issues Faced 35

3.3 CASE STUDY 3

3.3.1 Introduction 37
3.3.2 Material Details 38
3.3.3 Issues Faced 39

3.4 CASE STUDY 4

3.4.1 Introduction 41
3.4.2 Material Details 42
3.4.3 Issues Faced 43

3.5 CASE STUDY 5

3.5.1 Introduction 45
3.5.2 Material Details 46
3.5.3 Issues Faced 47

3.6 CASE STUDY 6

3.6.1 Introduction 49
3.6.2 Material Details 50
3.6.3 Issues Faced 51

3.7 CASE STUDY 7

3.7.1 Introduction 53
3.7.2 Material Details 55
3.7.3 Issues Faced 56

4. INFERENCE FORM LIVE CASE STUDY

4.1 GENERAL ISSUE 58
4.2 SPECIFIC ISSUE 60

5. QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY 61

6. RESULT 64

7. REFERENCE 66

6
 LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 – Journal Study- Approach To Restoration 12
Table 2.2 – Journal Study- Role Of Pm In Restoration 15
Table 2.3 – Journal Study- Issues Related To Restoration 17
Table 3.1 – Case Study 1- Introduction 28
Table 3.2 – Case Study 1- Material Details 29
Table 3.3 – Case Study 1- Issues Faced 30
Table 3.4 – Case Study 2- Introduction 32
Table 3.5 – Case Study 2- Material Details 34
Table 3.6 – Case Study 2- Issues Faced 35
Table 3.7 – Case Study 3- Introduction 37
Table 3.8 – Case Study 3- Material Details 38
Table 3.9 – Case Study 3- Issues Faced 39
Table 3.10 – Case Study 4- Introduction 41
Table 3.11 – Case Study 4- Material Details 42
Table 3.12 – Case Study 4- Issues Faced 43
Table 3.13 – Case Study 5- Introduction 45
Table 3.14 – Case Study 5- Materials Details 46
Table 3.15 – Case Study 5- Issues Faced 47
Table 3.16 – Case Study 6- Introduction 49
Table 3.17 – Case Study 6- Material Details 50
Table 3.18 – Case Study 6- Issues Faced 51
Table 3.19 – Case Study 7- Introduction 53
Table 3.20 – Case Study 7- Material Details 55
Table 3.21– Case Study 7- Issues Faced 56

LIST OF FIGURES
Fig 2.1 – Dansish Fort Before And After Restoration 21
Fig 2.2 – Restoration Of IIM 22

Fig 2.3 – Damages Of Dubrovnik Fortress 24

Fig 3.1 – Restoration Of Humayun Mahal 28
Fig 3.2 – Restoration Of Red Brick Building 32
Fig 3.3 – University Of Madras 37
Fig 3.4 – Restoration Of Stone Church 41
Fig 3.5 – Restoration Of Slb School 45
Fig 3.6 – Restoration Of Town Hall 49
Fig 3.7 – Restoration Of Academy House 53
Fig 5.1 - Reason For Project Delay 62
Fig 5.2 – Difficulties In Material Procurement 62
Fig 5.3 – Chart About Hiring Labour 63
Fig 5.4 – Chart About Sourcing Skilled Labours 63
Fig 5.5 – Issues According To Their Risks 63

7
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

8
1.1 INTRODUCTION

During The Early-Stage Restoration and Maintain Was Their Only

Aim So They Did Every Possible Methods for These Process and They
Also Preferred the Cost-Efficient Ways. Later They Began to Restore
Building Not Only for Its Look but Also to Restore Its Originality So
They Preferred the Same Materials and Style That Are Used During the
Construction of The Building Even If It’s Too Costly I.e. They Began to
Give Importance to Quality Than Cost. When Try to Bring Back the
Original Materials They Started to Face Many Issues In The Execution
Stage. I Am Trying to List Out Those Issues in My Research Paper.

KEYWORDS

Issues In Restoration, Heritage Building, Procurement of Labour and

Material

1.2 AIM & OBJECTIVE

 To Understand the Various Issues in Restoring a Heritage Building

During Execution

 To Identify the Material Management Issues in Various Restoration Site,

And Record the Strategies Used.

1.3 LIMITATION

Issues In Restoration of a Heritage Building Has Many Aspects

(Environmental, Organizational, Technical, Human, Financial, & Structural
Stability.) For Time Being I Have Focused Only on Some Issues That Highly
Relevant to Project Management I.e., Material Related Issues in Restoring a
Heritage Building.

9
 1.4 METHODOLOGY

ISSUES FACED IN RESTORING A

HERITAGE BUILDING

LITERATURE
STUDY

JOURNAL STUDY BOOK NET STUDY

STUDY

In a project time,
CATAGORIES OF INFERENCE FROM cost, quality;
ISSUES LITERATURE STUDY where quality is
 Environmental highly preferred.
 Organizational (Here quality is the
 Financial originality of the
 Technical building)
 Human
LIVE STUDY

ISSUES
IDENTIFIED

QUESTIONNAIRE
SURVEY

RESULT

10
 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE STUDY

11
2.1 JOURNAL STUDY

2.1.1 Approach to restoration

S.N JOURNAL PUBLISHED BY AUTHORS UNDERSTANDING FROM JOURNAL

O NAME /YEAR
/REGION
01 A IJRET Sayali
SYSTEMATIC / 2013 Sandbhor,  Restoration involves investigating, diagnosing
APPROACH / India Rohan Botre and correcting deficiencies and deterioration
TOWARDS  Identification of common defects and
RESTORATION
problems faced in old structures and devising
OF HERITAGE
BUILDINGS a systematic approach towards handling these
issues
 This paper focuses on such problems and
methodology to handle these problems
 It is necessary to define how ongoing
deteriorative factors should be monitored
 Proper education and training for such kind of
works is today’s need.
 Involvement of more practitioners and
technical professionals is required
02 Practical World Journal of Mahran Anwar  This article aims at rooting the methodology of
Techniques for Engineering and restoration of the architectural formation
Restoration of Technology/2019/ elements
12
 S.N JOURNAL PUBLISHED BY AUTHORS UNDERSTANDING FROM JOURNAL
O NAME /YEAR
/REGION
Architectural Alexandria, Egypt  the research was able to provide solutions,
Formation ideas and techniques that helped preserve and
Elements in restore elements of architectural formation.
Historical
Buildings

03 Conservation of /2019 P.B. Lourenço  heritage is affected by structural problems

cultural heritage /Portugal which menace the safety of buildings and
buildings: people
Methodology and
 The paper addresses the issues of the
application to
case studies methodology to adopt, of different cases
studies and of present challenges
 A scientific methodology with a sound basis is
available, but experience and personal
judgment remain a key issue
 Masonry is usually a very durable material,
whereas reinforced concrete is more
susceptible to corrosion
04 The Problem of IOP DV  Restoration is understood as the
Preservation, /2019 Gnezdilov, E strengthening and restoration of historical
Restoration and /Russia V Kapnina, E monuments, culture and art, distorted,
13
 S.N JOURNAL PUBLISHED BY AUTHORS UNDERSTANDING FROM JOURNAL
O NAME /YEAR
/REGION
Reconstruction of S Martynyuk damaged or destroyed by time, harmful
the conditions of existence, destructive or inept
World effects
Architectural
 During the building reconstruction full or
Heritage
partial reorganization of the object and change
of its structural and technical characteristics,
additional construction works (superstructure,
extension), complete replacement of utilities
and reinforcement of supporting structures.
 The correct approach to the restoration of
architectural heritage is necessary not only to
preserve, but also to increase the significance
of the building for any person
Table 2.1 – journal study- Approach to restoration

14
2.1.2 Role of PM in restoration

S.NO JOURNAL PUBLISHED BY AUTHORS UNDERSTANDING FROM JOURNAL

NAME /YEAR
/REGION
05 Project SAR Aysun Ferrah  Project management for architectural heritage
Management in /2019 Guner, Gulhan projects is different because of uniqueness of
Conservation and /Turkey Benli every project.
Restoration of
 Issue of project management in conservation
Historic
Buildings and restoration of historic buildings.
 importance of project management and its
benefits such as effective resource utilization,
lower costs, increased productivity, increased
customer and stakeholder satisfaction, and
increasing competitive advantage
 project manager is experienced to persuade all
stakeholders in this regard, knows what needs to
be done at each phase of the process; time
management, budget updating, risk
management, resource management etc.
06 Project Risk 2014 Muhammad  understanding and dealing with risks arising in
Management for Jamaluddin restoration projects of built and architectural
Sustainable Thaheem cultural heritage
Restoration of
 Research results seem to have confirmed that
Immovable
Cultural the restoration industry has not yet exposed to

15
 S.NO JOURNAL PUBLISHED BY AUTHORS UNDERSTANDING FROM JOURNAL
NAME /YEAR
/REGION
Heritage: Lessons formal PM and PRM theories and practices to a
from greater level
Construction  the study explores issues concerning
Industry and
sustainability of restoration projects based on
Formulation of a
Customized their use of PM and PRM
PRM Model  there is severe lack of knowledge integration
between restoration and project management
areas
 aim is to mobilize and integrate the existing
knowledge in the various areas and culminating
into an operational framework for facilitating
the restoration projects by intelligently
understanding the strengths and weaknesses
Table 2.2 – Journal Study- Role Of Pm In Restoration

16
2.1.3 Issues related to restoration

S.NO JOURNAL PUBLISHED BY AUTHORS UNDERSTANDING FROM JOURNAL

NAME /YEAR
/REGION
07 Recurring Issues ELSEVIER/2016 Nurul Zahirah • This paper reviews past studies about challenges
in Historic /Malaysia Mohd Azizia, of heritage building conservation.
Building Arman Abdul • A small pilot study carried out in Malaysia to
Conservation Razaka, measure the number of significant issues faced
Author Mokhtar Azizi among local conservators.
Mohd Dinb, • limited availability of specialists, availability of
Nasyairi Mat original components, labour and skill shortages,
Nasirc and lack of personnel training, were the biggest
challenges
• environmental issues ,Organizational issues,
Financial issues, Human issues were the other
challenges
• Most of the common issues in conservation
practice were due to poor Governmental support
and poor knowledge availability.

08 Strategies for the Research Rajni Lakhani  India has a large number of heritage buildings
Restoration of gate/2018/India and Rajesh made of different types of stone, jointing,
Heritage Kumar bedding and plastering materials
Buildings:
Material Issues
09 Causes of M M Rahman,  The study identified six causes of shortage of

17
 S.NO JOURNAL PUBLISHED BY AUTHORS UNDERSTANDING FROM JOURNAL
NAME /YEAR
/REGION
shortage and Y H Yap, N R materials and nine causes of delay in materials
delay in material Ramli, M A supply
supply: a Dullah and M S  the most influential cause of delay in material
preliminary study W Shamsuddin supply was found to be poor materials
procurement and inventory management system
 Lack of locally available materials, that compels
import from overseas, seems to be at the core of
shortage of materials
 inability to timely procure and maintain a
suitable inventory system seems to be the most
important cause of delay in materials supply

10 Materials MDPI/2019/ Basem Al  challenges in the construction industry are

Challenges in Malaysia Khatib, Yap clearly affecting countries in many aspects, such
Reconstruction of Soon Poh and as the economy and the sustainable
Historical Ahmed El- development goals
Projects: A Case Shafie  The purpose of reconstruction projects is
Study of the Old usually to obtain buildings with more capacity,
Riwaq Project or to improve and update various electrical and
mechanical systems or for safety and stability
reasons, or commercial reasons
 The reason for historical buildings
reconstructions is the damage of these buildings
over time, usually caused by weather

18
 S.NO JOURNAL PUBLISHED BY AUTHORS UNDERSTANDING FROM JOURNAL
NAME /YEAR
/REGION
conditions, erosion, natural disasters like
earthquakes, volcanoes, floods, or because of
wars.
 This study aims to highlight and discuss the
materials-related challenges in reconstruction of
historical projects, in order to save the
implementation period and as a result to save
the execution cost due to the clear correlation
between time/cost in the construction industry

Table 2.3 – Journal Study- Issues Related To Restoration

19
2.2 BOOK STUDY
MAINTENANCE REPAIR & REHABILITATION & MINOR WORKS
OF BUILDING

2.2.1 Introduction
This book on Maintenance, Repair & Rehabilitation & Minor Works of
Buildings is a well-organised and comprehensive text, which will be useful not
only for the undergraduate and postgraduate students but also for the young
teachers and practicing civil engineers. The book comprises five parts and in
each part, the author exhaustively deals with the important issues pertaining to
the maintenance, repairs, rehabilitation and minor works of buildings. The
second part provides a detailed discussion on the various construction chemicals
and their effect on cement mortar and concrete, the use of special materials for
works and repairs of slabs.

2.2.2 Key points

 Special materials used for Repairing, Special chemicals used for repairing,
Methods in restoration are the key points inside the book which is related to
our topic
Some of the Special materials used for Repairing are:
 Cement Crete (micro concrete)
 Geopolymer (concrete without Portland cement)
 Portland pozzana cement
 Silica fume concrete (high strength Portland cement concrete)
These special materials are having different manufacturing
techniques and application techniques so this affect the raw material
procurement and labour training.
 Special chemicals and special methods in restoration:
 Repairing of masonry walls and RCC structures
 Chemicals used in Crack repairs, steel corrosion in structures,
Example (epoxies, polymers, acrylic polymers, polyester resins)
 Falling off of bottom plaster of RCC slabs
 Cracking due to temperature effects
 Gap due to deflection of rcc slabs resting on outside walls
These special methods are having different implementation techniques so
this affect the skills of labour.

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2.3 NET CASE STUDY

2.3.1 NET CASE STUDY 1

DANISH FORT AT TRANQUEBAR VILLAGE, TAMILNADU, INDIA

IJCIET/2017/INDIA

2.3.1.1 Introduction
Danish Fort at Tranquebar village at Tamilnadu, India is a 400
year old heritage structure built in the year 1620AD, using country bricks and
lime mortar on the sea shore of Bay of Bengal, which is affected by cyclones
every year.

fig 2.1 – Dansish fort before and after restoration

2.3.1.2 Issues Identified & Solutions Provided

 The basement floor dampness is still a major issue to be addressed. The

reason for raised floor level is also not known, which requires proper
investigation.
 roof plastering with water proofing of the four rectangular domes at high
roof. As domes are smaller in size and no access provided, and as no
21
 heavy loads coming on to them, surfaces were cleaned of loose particles,
plaster, re-plastered with water proofing with proper roof rain water
drainage.
 fan hooks/rods hanging from the domes were removed as instructed by
the experts. This also indicates proper training of technical persons
 The hostile coastal environment below surface and above surface is very
critical in the maintenance of the structure, which demand careful study
on the structural core brickwork right from foundation up to roof
including other structural elements

2.3.2 NET CASE STUDY 2

CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF LOUIS I KAHN

BUILDINGS AT INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT,
AHMEDABAD

2.3.2.1 Introduction

This article talks about the challenges faced by twentieth century modern
heritage in terms of its awareness, its conservation and its heritage management
by elaborating the case study of Conservation of Louis I Kahn buildings at
Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India and its recently
restored Vikram Sarabhai Library.

22
 fig 2.2 – restoration of IIM

2.3.2.2 Issues Identified

 Poor load distribution, poor water proofing causing bulging of structural
members had caused the members to crack
 The roots had penetrated in the wall through the joints in masonry. Thus,
the gaps in the joints had increased. The creepers had pulled out the upper
portion of the corner. Hence, the upper portion of the wall was leaning
out of plumb.
 Thick creepers were allowed to grow on the masonry. The creepers had
its only support from the wall thus causing the roots to grow in the
masonry joints. The slab consisted of steel sections supporting lime
concrete. Ceiling tiles in terracotta were laid below the lime concrete and
were visible from below.
 The column which was supporting overhead beams showing major signs
of bulging due to water seepage
2.3.3.3 Solutions Provided
 Factors such as time and cost constraints and present conditions make the
decision-making process more critical.
 Whether to replace the damaged and cracked bricks with new bricks or to
restore the brickwork in site. A mock-up for reversing the face bricks of
the façade and placing the same in position was also attempted to avoid
the use of new bricks. However, it took almost 40 minutes to manually
remove a single brick without damaging it due to the strong bond of the
cement with the brick.
 Reinforcement was found to have increased in size as compared to the
original structural drawing. This was because of the corrosion of the mild
steel reinforcement, which led to its flaking and swelling. due to the

23
 corrosive properties of mild steel, structural stitching was carried out by a
specialized agency with stainless steel helibars
 polymer modified mortar treatment with sacrificial anodes was provided
 arches were reconstructed in the same brick bond and reinforcement
design, and by upgrading the reinforcement from mild steel (MS) to
stainless steel

2.3.3 NET CASE STUDY 3

RESTORATION AND STRENGTHENING OF HISTORICAL

BUILDINGS: THE EXAMPLE OF MINCETA FORTRESS IN
DUBROVNIK

2.3.3.1 Introduction

In this paper, some important aspects of the restoration and strengthening

of historical buildings are briefly dis- cussed, and then the issue of restoration of
the Minceta fortress in Dubrovnik is presented. The results of the case study of
the damages of the fortress are presented, and then the results of static and
dynamic analysis of stress-strain states and safety of the fortress using different
numerical models are described.

fig 2.3 – damages of Dubrovnik fortress

24
2.3.3.2 Issues Identified

 The rock layers below the fortress near the deep cut have an
unfavourable slope inclination toward the road threatening the stability
of the fortress.
 Numerous cracks in the walls and the vaults of the old tower were
observed. The south wall of the tower is very slender and its stability is
questionable.

 At the zero level of the fortress, numerous cracks in the vaults and the
walls of the patrol corridors and casemates were also observed. The wide
cracks in the ceiling of the corridor and the walls were probably caused
by shifts in the underlying rock. The sliding of almost half of the prewalls
towards a deep cut was caused by this shift. The breaking apart of the
prewalls and their slipping towards the deep cut are associated by the
direction and the width of the cracks.
 On the first level of the fortress, similar cracks to the zero level were
observed. The wide cracks and their directions in the northern and
western parts of the prewalls show the sliding towards the cut.
 Cracks were also observed in the prewalls around the gun openings. The
cracks extend along the entire height of the wall in several places.
Consequently, the outer surfaces of the prewalls are cracked in several
locations from the bottom to the top being fractured into several
separate parts.

2.3.3.3 Solutions Provided

 Grouting of the cracks in the walls and vaults that are wider than
approximately 2 mm.
 Jointing between the stone blocks along the cracks and in the locations of
the worn joints using lime mortar.
 Stiffening of the south wall of the old tower by upgrading the southern
boundary city wall.
 The construction of soft diaphragms for stiffening the fortress at the level
of the open terraces on top of the prewalls and at the level of the terrace
on the tower top, with the improvements of the system for precipitation

25
 water drainage. The position of the glass fibre strands that are anchored in
the pe-ripheral walls at the previously mentioned levels.

2.4 INFERENCE OF LITERATURE STUDY

 Categories of issues are environmental, human, organizational, finance,

technical and structural stability where technical is sub categorized into
material and labour issues
 rehabilitation of a structure is done by restoration, reproduction,
reconstruction
 Special methods used in restoration like sealing, stitching, jacketing,
grouting, filling etc. were done special training is required for labours to
do these works
 Project managers use in a heritage building is effective resource
utilization, lower costs, increased productivity, increased customer and
stakeholder satisfaction, and increasing competitive advantage
 The correct approach to the restoration of architectural heritage is
necessary not only to preserve, but also to increase the significance of the
building for any person
 There is severe lack of knowledge integration between restoration
 To bring the originality of the building they use special materials and
techniques
 These special materials are having different manufacturing techniques
and application techniques

26
 CHAPTER 3
LIVE CASE STUDY

27
3.1 CASE STUDY 1
3.1.1 Introduction
BUILDING DISCRIPTION
HUMAYUN MAHAL,
CHEPAUK
 It was the residence of nawab of
arcot Constructed in 1768
 It was one of the first buildings in
India to be built in the Indo-
Saracenic style
 It is Known for its intricate
carvings, wide arches, red brick
walls and lime mortar
 It had been single story with the
Diwan-e-Khana Durbar Hall in its
middle over which there was a
dome. To transform Humayun
Mahal, Chisholm removed the
tower, added a first floor and
Madras terraced roof.
 The palace is built over an area of
117 acres and is surrounded by a
wall. The Humayun Mahal is
spread over 66,000 square feet and
has ventilators on the terrace and a
connecting corridor to the Kalas
Mahal
28
NATURE OF WORK REASON FOR RESTORATION
COMPLETE RESTORATION
 Wall strengthing  Before this building was used as government office, the
 Flooring main reason behind this restoration to save this
 Roofing building because of its history.
 Plastering
 Carpentry
Lime grinded with sand with
kadukaai & jaggery and kept for 15
days then mixed with sweet water for
preparing mortar
Its is plastered with 3 layers
1st layer – 20mm
2nd layer – 10mm
3rd layer – 5mm
Work done by PWD Chennai.
Public Works Department submitted a
proposal to restore Humayun Mahal
at a cost of ₹ 380 million
SOFTWARE USED:
 AUTOCAD
 MS.EXCEL
fig 3.1 – restoration of Humayun mahal
Table 3.1 – case study 1- introduction
3.1.2 Material Details

S.NO MATERIALS SOURCE COST DIFFICULT TO PRE- STORAGE

SOURCE PURCHASE REQUIRED
REQUIRED
MOST USED MATERIALS
1 Lime Pollachi 12/KG NO NO YES

2 Sand Cauvery river bed 5000/TON YES YES NO

3 Burma teak wood Shenkottai(tenkasi) 3500/MQ NO NO NO

OTHER MATERIALS
4 Jaggery ( karpatti) Udangudi 180/KG NO NO YES
(thoothukudi)
5 Kadukai kalugumalai 240/KG NO NO YES
(thoothukudi)

6 Wire cut bricks Thirukkattupalli 12/1PIECE NO YES NO

(tanjavur)

7 Mangalore tile Pavoorchatram 35/1PIECE YES NO NO

(tenkasi)

8 Tiles attangudi 48/PIECE Yes YES NO

(sivaganga)

Table 3.2 – Case Study 1- Material Details

3.1.3 Issues Faced

29
 CHALLENGES IDENTIFIED BEFORE CHALLENGES FACED WHILE EXECUTION
EXECUTION
S.NO CHALLENGES STRATEGIES CHALLENGES STRATEGIES EFFECTS
FOLLOWED FOLLOWED
TIME COST
DEVIATION DEVIATION
1 WEAK WALLS They provided support MATERIALS They properly Yes Yes
DUE TO FIRE to the walls then they DIFFICULT TO calculated and ordered Without Material cost
ACCIDENT began to clean and SOURCE in advance required will be having
strengthen the building  RIVER SAND material work deviations
 ATTANGUDI cannot be done
TILE

2 LATER 90’S The lintel beams were SKILLED LABOUR They imported labours No YES
LINTEL BEAMS carefully removed from SCARCITY from They were They were
WERE PROVIDED the wall and restored as (SHAPATHY Sathur, hired before paid more than
ON THE it was orginally. MASONS) Virudunager, execution the normal
ENTRANCES Thiruvannamali, labours

3 REMOVING THE The tree was cut down RAIN While raining exterior YES YES
TREE branch by branch plastering work cannot Exterior work The labours
carefully so that it does be done so they cover will be paused will be given
not damage the the area plastered with untill raining other task for
building sheets deviation
Materials like lime YES YES
cannot be transported Without The labours
in rain required will be given
material work other task for
cannot be done deviation
4 RESTORING Removing the existing PANDAMIC The covid situation YES YES

30
 FLOORING flooring may damage SITUATION affected the entire
the floor and walls so work flow of work Work was After covid
the tiles has to be paused for there was a
removed one by one nearly 1.5 years huge price
carefully mainly in the hike
corner
5 PROVIDING Providing Scaffoldings ESTIMATION In restoration the exact YES YES
SCAFFOLDING in restoration is estimation cannot be Wrong Wrong
difficult task due to the prepared estimation estimation
damages in the Leeds to time Leeds to cost
building deviation deviation
Table 3.3 – case study 1- issues faced

3.2 CASE STUDY 2

31
3.2.1 Introduction
BUILDING DISCRIPTION
RED BRICK BUILDING
PWD OFFICE,
CHEPAUK, CHENNAI
 Built in 1865, the iconic red
building facing Marina beach is
also known as the Chepauk
Palace and housed the Nawab of
Arcot. It now functions as the
PWD headquarters housing the
Buildings and Irrigation wings.
 The State government had
recently announced ₹20 crore
towards heritage conservation.
At present, work is on to repair a
hall in one of the wings that was
once used for maintaining
records
32
NATURE OF WORK REASON FOR RESTORATION
• Work done by PWD  This building is a running government PWD office, this is
• Public Works Department the main reason behind this restoration
submitted a proposal to restore
Humayun Mahal at a cost IMAGES
of ₹ 200 million
• Walls were damaged full of
cracks
SOLUTIONS
• Bricks were replaced and
plastering was done
SOFTWARE USED
• AUTOCAD
• MS. EXCEL
PLASTERING METHOD
• limestone river sand are mixed to
make mortar
• Grinded limestone and river sand
are mixed to make mortar
• Done for every 1hour for next 12
hours
• For plastering 100 sq feet it takes
 BUILDING DISCRIPTION NATURE OF WORK REASON FOR RESTORATION
approximately 8 days
• Sand white is mixed with lime
stone for third coat
• Lime stone is mixed with water
and applied on the wall
• Form of egg white is mixed with
curd made from cow’s milk and
applied on the wall
• 12 country eggs and curd from 1l
cow’s milk can be used for 100sq
feet
• After drying walls are polished Fig 3.2 – restoration of red brick building
with pebbles for 3 days

Table 3.4 – case study 2- introduction

33
3.2.2 Material Details

S.NO MATERIALS SOURCE COST DIFFICULT TO PRE- STORAGE

SOURCE PURCHASE REQUIRED
REQUIRED
MOST USED MATERIALS
1 Lime Pollachi 12/KG NO NO YES

2 Sand Cauvery river bed 5000/TON YES YES NO

Trichy

OTHER MATERIALS
3 red bricks rajapalayam 12/PIECE NO YES NO

4 marble Tiruttani NO YES NO

Tiruvallur district
5 Sand white Chennai 350/kg NO NO YES

6 Country egg Chennai 7/PIECE NO NO YES

7 Curd Chennai 45/KG NO NO YES

Table 3.5 – Case Study 2- Material Details

3.2.3 Issues Faced

34
 CHALLENGES IDENTIFIED BEFORE CHALLENGES FACED WHILE EXECUTION
EXECUTION
S.NO CHALLENGES STRATEGIES CHALLENGES STRATEGIES EFFECTS
FOLLOWED FOLLOWED
TIME COST
DEVIATION DEVIATION
1 AVOIDING TOO As it was a working MATERIAL They properly Yes Yes
MUCH NOICE government building DIFFICULT TO calculated and Without Material cost
To avoid too much SOURCE ordered in advance required will be having
noise works like  RIVER SAND material work deviations
pointing will be done cannot be done
either in the morning
or evening
2 MAINTAINING THE It was told to keep the SKILLED LABOUR They imported No YES
HALL NEATNESS hall way clean SCARCITY labours from They were They were
So the hall way was (SHAPATHY Virudunager, hired before paid more than
cleaned repeatedly MASONS) execution the normal
every day even the labours
doors were closed
were the work take
place to avoid dust
3 MATERIAL The construction took RAIN While raining YES YES
LOCATION place near the entrance exterior plastering Exterior work The labours
so the materials have work cannot be done will be paused will be given
been placed behind the so they cover the area untill raining other task for
building and taken as plastered with sheets deviation
required Materials like lime YES YES
cannot be transported Without The labours
in rain required will be given
material work other task for
cannot be done deviation

35
 CHALLENGES IDENTIFIED BEFORE CHALLENGES FACED WHILE EXECUTION
EXECUTION
S.NO CHALLENGES STRATEGIES CHALLENGES STRATEGIES EFFECTS
FOLLOWED FOLLOWED
TIME COST
DEVIATION DEVIATION
4 RESTORING Removing the existing PANDAMIC The covid situation YES YES
FLOORING flooring may damage SITUATION affected the entire
the floor and walls so work flow of work Work was After covid
the tiles has to be paused for there was a
removed one by one nearly 1.5 years huge price
carefully mainly in the hike
corner
5 LABOURS As it a gov office ESTIMATION In restoration the YES YES
ACCOMMODATION labours cannot stay exact estimation Wrong Wrong
here cannot be prepared estimation estimation
Accommodation for Leeds to time Leeds to cost
the labours were deviation deviation
provided in the nearby
area
Table 3.6 – case study 2- issues faced

3.3 CASE STUDY 3

36
3.3.1 Introduction

BUILDING DISCRIPTION NATURE OF WORK REASON FOR RESTORATION

UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS, • roof & dome damaged  This building is a running university with
CHEPAUK, • work done by PWD great history this is the main reason behind
CHENNAI this restoration.
SOLUTIONS

• Plumbing & Plastering work was

• It is One of the oldest universities in done
India.
• The Senate House is the SOFTWARE USED:
administrative Centre of
the University of • AUTOCAD
Madras in Chennai, India. • MS. EXCEL
• It is situated in Wallajah Road,
along Marina Beach. Constructed PLASTERING METHOD
by Robert Chisholm between 1874
• Lime grinded with sand with kadukaai
and 1879.
& jaggery and kept for 15 days then
• The Senate building is considered to
mixed with sweet water for preparing
be one of the best and oldest
mortor
examples of Indo-
• Its is plastered with 3 layers
Saracenic architecture in India. • 1st layer – 20mm
• Robert Chisholm was a 19th-century
• 2nd layer – 10mm Fig 3.3 – university of madras
British architect who designed the
• 3rd layer – 5mm
senate house.

Table 3.7 – case study 3- introduction

3.3.2 Material Details

37
S.NO MATERIALS SOURCE COST DIFFICULT TO PRE- STORAGE
SOURCE PURCHASE REQUIRED
REQUIRED
MOST USED MATERIALS
1 Lime Pollachi 12/KG NO NO YES

2 Sand Cavery river bed 5000/TON YES YES NO

OTHER MATERIALS
4 Jaggery ( karpatti) Udangudi 180/KG NO NO YES
(thoothukudi)
5 Kadukai kalugumalai 240/KG NO NO YES
(thoothukudi)

Table 3.8 – case study 3- material Details

3.3.3 Issues Faced

38
 CHALLENGES IDENTIFIED BEFORE CHALLENGES FACED WHILE EXECUTION
EXECUTION
S.NO CHALLENGES STRATEGIES CHALLENGES STRATEGIES EFFECTS
FOLLOWED FOLLOWED
TIME COST
DEVIATION DEVIATION
1 RESTORATION OF The damaged places of MATERIAL They properly Yes Yes
DOME the dome was plastered DIFFICULT TO calculated and ordered Without Material cost
from both inside and SOURCE in advance required will be having
outside  RIVER SAND material work deviations
cannot be done
pipes with leakage SKILLED LABOUR They imported labours No YES
problem were carefully SCARCITY from They were They were
found out and were (SHAPATHY Sathur, hired before paid more than
replaced MASONS) Virudunager, execution the normal
Thiruvannamali, labours

2 WATER LEAKAGE
PROBLEM the water leakage
places in the dome was
found out and plastered

3 RAIN While raining exterior YES YES

plastering work cannot Exterior work The labours

39
 CHALLENGES IDENTIFIED BEFORE CHALLENGES FACED WHILE EXECUTION
EXECUTION
S.NO CHALLENGES STRATEGIES CHALLENGES STRATEGIES EFFECTS
FOLLOWED FOLLOWED
TIME COST
DEVIATION DEVIATION
be done so they cover will be paused will be given
the area plastered with untill raining other task for
sheets deviation
Materials like lime YES YES
cannot be transported Without The labours
in rain required will be given
material work other task for
cannot be done deviation
4 PANDAMIC The covid situation YES YES
SITUATION affected the entire
work flow of work Work was After covid
paused for there was a
nearly 1.5 years huge price
hike
5 ESTIMATION In restoration the exact YES YES
estimation cannot be Wrong Wrong
prepared estimation estimation
Leeds to time Leeds to cost
deviation deviation
Table 3.9 – case study 3- issues faced

40
3.4 CASE STUDY 4
3.4.1 Introduction

BUILDING DISCRIPTION NATURE OF WORK REASON FOR RESTORATION

STONE CHURCH,
Nagercoil • Work done by church committee  this building is a working church with
• Roofing and flooring was reproduced great history this are the main reason
• One of the oldest churches in Asia built • Pavers was provided around the church behind this restoration.
during the British reign in India • Electrical work was done
• With the permission of queen of
Travancore rev.charles mead, utilized the
elephants of Nagaraja temple and
prisoners in the construction of the
SOFTWARE USED:
church which has been called kalkoyil
• Construction started on 1819
 AUTOCAD
• The building imposing Greek style is 14ft
 SketchUp
long and 70ft wide.
 MS. EXCEL
• This is one of the oldest and biggest of the Fig 3.4 – restoration of stone church
protestant churches in south India .
• The edifice can provide accommodation
for nearly 2500 people at a time.

Table 3.10 – case study 4- introduction

41
3.4.2 Material Details

S.NO MATERIALS SOURCE COST DIFFICULT TO PRE- STORAGE

SOURCE PURCHASE REQUIRED
REQUIRED
MOST USED MATERIALS
1 Nagercoil 12/KG NO NO YES
Aluminium sheet

3 Rock wool Nagercoil NO NO YES

4 Granite Andra polished in NO NO NO

chennai
& karur

5 Burma teak wood Trichy 3500/MQ NO NO NO

OTHER MATERIALS
6 Nagercoil 450/(50kg) NO NO YES
Cement

7 White Nagercoil 240/KG NO NO YES

Cement

8 m.sand Nagercoil 1200/ton NO YES NO

9 Brick Nagercoil 8/PIECE YES NO NO
10 paver block Nagercoil 16/PIECE Yes YES NO

Table 3.11 – case study 4- material Details

42
3.4.3 Issues Faced

CHALLENGES IDENTIFIED BEFORE CHALLENGES FACED WHILE EXECUTION

EXECUTION
S.NO CHALLENGES STRATEGIES CHALLENGES STRATEGIES EFFECTS
FOLLOWED FOLLOWED
TIME COST
DEVIATION DEVIATION
1 REPRODUCTION OF the asbestos sheets MATERIALS While shortage they Yes Yes
ROOFING were carefully removed DIFFICULT TO orderd in karur Without Material cost
and replaced with SOURCE required will be having
aluminium sheets  GRANITE material work deviations
cannot be done
2 TRADITIONAL Traditional style false RAIN While raining exterior YES YES
STYLE FALSE ceiling was designed plastering work Exterior work The labours
CEALING and executed by cannot be done so will be paused will be given
CONSTRUCTION ar.dilip David in teak they cover the area untill raining other task for
wood were special plastered with sheets deviation
labours were brought Materials like lime YES YES
for this work cannot be transported Without The labours
in rain required will be given
material work other task for
cannot be done deviation
3 CLEANING THE the rocks around the PANDAMIC The covid situation YES YES
ROCKS IN THE church were sand SITUATION affected the entire
ELEVATION blasted to retain its work flow of work Work was After covid
originality paused for there was a
nearly 1.5 years huge price
hike

43
 CHALLENGES IDENTIFIED BEFORE CHALLENGES FACED WHILE EXECUTION
EXECUTION
S.NO CHALLENGES STRATEGIES CHALLENGES STRATEGIES EFFECTS
FOLLOWED FOLLOWED
TIME COST
DEVIATION DEVIATION
4 ROOF LEAKAGE special gum were used FINANCIAL ISSUE Financial issue affect YES YES
PROBLEM in the nuts and bolts the flow of the work Financial issue There will be
and gaps in the roof to may lead to cost deviaton
stop leakage pause the when there is a
construction pause in
construction
5 ACOUSTIC rock wool was used
PROBLEM inside the false ceiling
to avoid heat and sound
6 DUST PROBLEM black cloth was placed
FROM ROOF below the rockwool to
stop the fall of dust

7 RESTORING Removing the existing

FLOORING flooring may damage
the floor and walls so
the tiles has to be
removed one by one
carefully mainly in the
corner
Table 3.12 – case study 4- issues faced

44
3.5 CASE STUDY 5
3.5.1 Introduction

BUILDING DISCRIPTION NATURE OF WORK REASON FOR RESTORATION

SLB SCHOOL, • Roofing, plastering
NAGERCOIL. • Work done by PWD  This building is a existing government school with
• Public Works Department great history this is the main reason behind this
• SETHU LAKSHMI BAI submitted a proposal to restoration.
GOVERNMENT HIGHER restore SLB at a cost of ₹ 6
SECONDARY SCHOOL The core
School has a great heritage.
Started in late 1920s, the big E
shaped building constructed
around early 1940s giving a
SOFTWARE USED:
great land mark to Nagercoil
 AUTOCAD
 MS. EXCEL

Fig 3.5 – restoration of SLB school

Table 3.13 – case study 5- introduction
45
3.5.2 Material Details

S.NO MATERIALS SOURCE COST DIFFICULT TO PRE- STORAGE

SOURCE PURCHASE REQUIRED
REQUIRED
MOST USED MATERIALS
1 g.i sheets Nagercoil 50/kg NO NO NO

2 Vellichanthai & 12/KG NO NO YES

Lime pavoorchathiram

3 Burma teak wood Nagercoil 3500/MQ NO NO NO

OTHER MATERIALS
4 Cement Nagercoil 450/50KG NO NO YES

6 m.sand Nagercoil 1200/ton NO YES NO

7 roof tile Nagercoil 35/PIECE YES NO NO

8 flooring tile attangudi 48/PIECE Yes YES NO

(sivaganga)

9 Jaggery ( karpatti) Nagercoil 180/kg NO NO YES

10 Kadukai Nagercoil 240/kg NO NO YES

Table 3.14 – case study 5- materials Details

46
3.5.3 Issues Faced

CHALLENGES IDENTIFIED BEFORE CHALLENGES FACED WHILE EXECUTION

EXECUTION
S.NO CHALLENGES STRATEGIES CHALLENGES STRATEGIES EFFECTS
FOLLOWED FOLLOWED
TIME COST
DEVIATION DEVIATION
1 RESTORATION OF the roof tiles were MATERIALS They properly Yes Yes
ROOF carefully removed and DIFFICULT TO calculated and ordered Without Material cost
damaged tiles were SOURCE in advance required will be having
replaced with new one  ATTANGUDI material work deviations
TILE cannot be done

2 RESTORATION OF the truss was RAIN while changing the No No

TRUSS completely tested and sheets rainwater They were They were
damaged truss were should not enter the taken in count taken in count
replaced (taping) with church so the roof was before before
new teak wood truss as covered till the work execution execution
it was before is done

3 LEAKAGE FROM G.I sheets were placed PANDAMIC The covid situation YES YES
ROOF below the roof tile to SITUATION affected the entire Work was After covid
avoid leakage work flow of work paused for there was a
nearly 1 years huge price
hike

4 RESTORATION OF door shutters and ESTIMATION In restoration the YES YES

DOORS AND window shutters were exact estimation Wrong Wrong

47
 CHALLENGES IDENTIFIED BEFORE CHALLENGES FACED WHILE EXECUTION
EXECUTION
S.NO CHALLENGES STRATEGIES CHALLENGES STRATEGIES EFFECTS
FOLLOWED FOLLOWED
TIME COST
DEVIATION DEVIATION
WINDOWS removed carefully they cannot be prepared estimation estimation
are tested, treated or Leeds to time Leeds to cost
replaced and fitted as it deviation deviation
was originally

5 RESTORING Removing the existing

FLOORING flooring may damage
the floor and walls so
the tiles has to be
removed one by one
carefully mainly in the
corner
Table 3.15 – case study 5- issues faced

3.6 CASE STUDY 6

3.6.1 Introduction

48
 BUILDING DISCRIPTION NATURE OF WORK REASON FOR RESTORATION
TOWN HALL
PONDY INTACH PONDY  Before this building was used as
COMPLETE RECONSTRUCTION government office, the main reason
• Mid 19th century(1870-71)  Wall strengthing behind this restoration to save this
• The mairie was a prominent two  Flooring building because of its history.
storeyed public building located on  Roofing
Goubert avenue.  Plastering
• The building had a strong flavour of  Carpentry
the French colonial style.
• The symmetrical plan of the building SOFTWARE USED
was marked by large interconnected • AUTOCAD
rooms without corridors. • Sketchup
• The building was set in the middle of • V-ray
a plot that had a low compound wall • MS. EXCEL
with intermediate piers and cast iron PLASTERING METHOD
fencing on all four sides. • Lime grinded with sand with kadukaai
• This town hall was built to provide & jaggery and kept for 15 days then
premises for the registry office and mixed with sweet water for preparing
the office of the mayor. mortar
• Its is plastered with 3 layers
• 1st layer – 20mm
• 2nd layer – 10mm
• 3rd layer – 5mm
Fig 3.6 – restoration of town hall

Table 3.16 – case study 6- introduction

3.6.2 Material Details

49
S.NO MATERIALS SOURCE COST DIFFICULT TO PRE- STORAGE
SOURCE PURCHASE REQUIRED
REQUIRED
MOST USED MATERIALS
1 Lime Pondy 12/KG NO NO YES

2 m.Sand Pondy 1200/TON YES YES NO

3 Burma teak wood Pondy 3500/MQ NO NO NO

OTHER MATERIALS
4 Jaggery ( karpatti) Pondy 180/KG NO NO YES

5 Kadukai Pondy 240/KG NO NO YES

6 Wire cut bricks Pondy 12/PIECE NO YES NO
7 red tile Pondy 28/PIECE NO NO NO
8 Tiles attangudi 48/PIECE Yes YES NO
(sivaganga)
9 Pressed clay tile pondy 28/piece NO NO NO
10 Oxide Pondy 250/1l NO NO YES

11 Marble Chennai, Rajasthan Yes YES NO

12 Granite Thirukannur Yes YES NO
Bangalore
13 AAC BLOCKS Pondy 40-80/piece NO NO NO
14 ISMB Pondy 40/1kg NO NO NO
Table 3.17 – case study 6- material Details

3.6.3 Issues Faced

50
 CHALLENGES IDENTIFIED BEFORE CHALLENGES FACED WHILE EXECUTION
EXECUTION
S.NO CHALLENGES STRATEGIES CHALLENGES STRATEGIES EFFECTS
FOLLOWED FOLLOWED
TIME COST
DEVIATION DEVIATION
1 The building was MATERIALS They properly Yes Yes
RECONSTRUCTION completely damaged DIFFICULT TO calculated and Without Material cost
OF THE BUILDING that it could not be SOURCE ordered in advance required will be having
restored so they  RIVER SAND material work deviations
planned to reconstruct  ATTANGUDI cannot be done
the building as it was TILE
for that they preferred  MARBLE
the same construction  GRANITE
materials and
techniques as much as
they could

2 RESTORATION OF door shutters and SKILLED LABOUR They hired labours No YES
DOORS AND window shutters were SCARCITY from They were They were
WINDOWS removed carefully (SHAPATHY Outer villages of hired before paid more than
they are tested, treated MASONS) pondy execution the normal
or replaced and fitted labours
as it was originally

3 INSERTING MODERN They also inserted RAIN While raining YES YES
EQUIPMENTS modern equipment’s exterior plastering Exterior work The labours
like ac, solar panel work cannot be done will be paused will be given
into the building so they cover the area until raining other task for
without affecting the plastered with sheets deviation
traditional look Materials like lime YES YES
cannot be transported Without The labours

51
 CHALLENGES IDENTIFIED BEFORE CHALLENGES FACED WHILE EXECUTION
EXECUTION
S.NO CHALLENGES STRATEGIES CHALLENGES STRATEGIES EFFECTS
FOLLOWED FOLLOWED
TIME COST
DEVIATION DEVIATION
in rain required will be given
material work other task for
cannot be done deviation
4 RECONSTRUCTION Ismb material was PANDAMIC The covid situation YES YES
OF MADARAS TERRS used to give the same SITUATION affected the entire
ROOFING look and avoid work flow of work Work was After covid
wastage of money paused for there was a
nearly 1 years huge price
hike
5 RECONSTRUCTION They replaced the FINANCIAL ISSUE Financial issue affect YES YES
OF FLOORING flooring with the the flow of the work Financial issue There will be
traditional French may lead to cost deviaton
style black and white pause the when there is a
flooring for which construction pause in
they used marbles construction
Table 3.18 – case study 6- issues faced

3.7 CASE STUDY 7

3.7.1 Introduction

52
 BUILDING DISCRIPTION NATURE OF WORK REASON FOR RESTORATION

ACADEMY HOUSE INTACH PONDY  This building has a great history this is the
PONDY COMPLETE RESTORATION main reason behind this restoration.

It displays traditional Tamil features such  Wall strengthing

a thalvaram on the front, one golden leaf  Flooring
ornamented door with Hindu figures, a  Roofing
traditional ground floor, with a typical 12
 Plastering
wooden columns mutram. Like many
Chettiar houses in Pondicherry, there is  Carpentry
western influence, with an ionic
columned veranda on the front and the
upper floor wall plasters decorated with Public Works Department submitted a
floral motives. In the main building, a proposal to restore Humayun Mahal at a
large room looks like a dancing hall. cost of ₹ 380 million
The house is uncommon in the SOFTWARE USED:
Coromandel coast in its proportions, with
4 meters high ceiling with a big plot on  AUTOCAD
the eastern side (50 meters by 70 or
 Sketch up
more).
 V-ray
The site visit reveals three stages of  MS.EXCEL
construction. On the north-west side of
the plot is a small pavilion which is
presently in a very bad shape and seems
to be the oldest part of the building. It
could have been used as a secondary
house. Its architectural features are related
to some Chettiar houses at Vysial Street

53
 BUILDING DISCRIPTION NATURE OF WORK REASON FOR RESTORATION

such as the old Calve Chettiar house.

Based on what we know about Vysial
Street, we believe, it was built during the
mid-19th century. The main building is a
later construction. The decorative style in
use at the upper floor of the main building
was built around the beginning of the
20th (1900-1920). It’s more than likely
that the upper floor was extended during
the 1930’s, when a huge hall on the Fig 3.7 – restoration of academy house
western side was added with a big
reception room. Steel beams were
intentionally used to enlarge the width of
the room, and the decorative features are
the same as seen in different places
owned by Selvarajalu on Goubert Salai.

Table 3.19 – case study 7- introduction

3.7.2 Material Details

54
S.NO MATERIALS SOURCE COST DIFFICULT TO PRE- STORAGE
SOURCE PURCHASE REQUIRED
REQUIRED
MOST USED MATERIALS
1 Lime Pondy 12/KG NO NO YES

2 COUNTRY Pondy 1400/MQ NO NO YES

WOOD
3 Sand Pondy 5000/TON YES YES NO

4 Burma teak wood Pondy 3500/MQ NO NO NO

OTHER MATERIALS
5 Jaggery ( karpatti) Pondy 180/KG NO NO YES

6 Kadukai Pondy 240/KG NO NO YES

7 Oxide Pondy 250/1l NO NO YES

8 bricks Pondy 12/1PIECE NO YES NO

9 Pressed clay tile Pondy 28/1PIECE YES NO NO

10 Tiles attangudi 48/PIECE Yes YES NO

(sivaganga)
11 AAC BLOCKS Pondy 40-80/piece NO NO NO
12 ISMB Pondy 40/kg NO NO NO
13 cement Pondy 450/unit(50kg) NO NO YES

Table 3.20 – case study 7- material Details

3.7.3 Issues Faced

55
 CHALLENGES IDENTIFIED BEFORE CHALLENGES FACED WHILE EXECUTION
EXECUTION
S.NO CHALLENGES STRATEGIES CHALLENGES STRATEGIES EFFECTS
FOLLOWED FOLLOWED
TIME COST
DEVIATION DEVIATION
1 STRENGTHENING The building was very MATERIALS They properly Yes Yes
THE BUILDING damaged so they gave DIFFICULT TO calculated and Without Material cost
support to the entire SOURCE ordered in advance required will be having
building with jockey  ATTANGUDI material work deviations
before the restoration TILE cannot be done

2 CONSTRUCTION OF A lift was newly added SKILLED LABOUR They heired labours No YES
LIFT ROOM to the building, they SCARCITY from outer villages of They were They were
carefully cut the roof (SHAPATHY pondy hired before paid more than
without damaging the MASONS) execution the normal
building labours
3 REMOVING THE The plans were RAIN While raining YES YES
PLANTS pulledout from the root exterior plastering Exterior work The labours
carefully so that it work cannot be done will be paused will be given
does not damage the so they cover the area untill raining other task for
building plastered with sheets deviation
Materials like lime YES YES
cannot be transported Without The labours
in rain required will be given
material work other task for
cannot be done deviation
4 RESTORING Most of the tiles used PANDAMIC The covid situation YES YES
FLOORING in the building were SITUATION affected the entire
very old and cannot be work flow of work Work was After covid

56
 CHALLENGES IDENTIFIED BEFORE CHALLENGES FACED WHILE EXECUTION
EXECUTION
S.NO CHALLENGES STRATEGIES CHALLENGES STRATEGIES EFFECTS
FOLLOWED FOLLOWED
TIME COST
DEVIATION DEVIATION
reproduced or paused for there was a
reconstructed so they nearly 1.5 years huge price
cleaned very carefully hike
without damaging

5 RESTORATION OF The wood work found ESTIMATION In restoration the YES YES
WOOD in the building has a exact estimation Wrong Wrong
lot of carving restoring cannot be prepared estimation estimation
that has many Leeds to time Leeds to cost
problems it is safely deviation deviation
removed tested,
treated, polished and
then fixed as it was

Table 3.21– case study 7- issues faced

57
 CHAPTER 4
INFERENCE FROM LIVE CASE STUDY

58
4.1 GENERAL ISSUE

Material Shortage

• Material shortage - materials like river sand are hard to source which lead to
material shortage.
• Availability of material - Some materials like attangudi tiles can be manufactured
only 2000sq ft per month, To buy these tiles it has to be pre Ordered before 3-4
months.
• Wrong estimation - Providing wrong estimate is one of the reasons for material
shortage.
• Transportation - delay in transportation of material from other state is also a reason
for material shortage

Labour Scarcity

• shapathy masons are the skilled mason used in restoration, in tamilnadu they are
found in places like sathur, virudunager, thiruvannamali, it is hard to find these skilled
works due to scarcity.

Monsoon

• In Restoration the exterior work like plastering cannot be done while raining.
• Some materials like sun burned bricks cannot be made during the rainy season.
• Transportation of material is also affected by rain.

Finance

• Financial issue is common factor faced on construction faced, which may even lead to
pause the work

Poor Estimation

• In restoration it is said that estimation cannot be properly calculated, because there

may be some works which we may not noticed while estimation which directly affect
the duration and cost of the project.

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Pandemic Situation

• Covid made a heavy deviation in the restoration it affected the flow of work which
was completely un expected one.

4.2 SPECIFIC ISSUES

Removing Plants And Trees

• When a building is left without maintenance plants will start growing in the building,
it has to be pulled out from the root and chemicals were also used to stop further
growth.

Termite Problem

• Termite problem is a common problem seen in every building. After repairing the
wood works in the building, anti-termite treatment was done to stop further termite
problems.

Restoring Floor

• Removing the exiting flooring is a difficult task in floors mostly in the corners,
carelessness may affect the building walls and floor.

Water Leakage

• This is a common problem found in most of the building with roof tile, The trusses
will be repaired or replaced and the tiles will be replaced to stop water leakage

Strengthening Wall

• Support will be given to the walls and slabs of the building to be restored for the
safety reasons.

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 CHAPTER 5
QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY

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This questionnaire survey was conducted
• To find the reason behind a project delay in restoration of a heritage building.
• To find difficulties in material procurement in heritage building restoration.
• To address the labour scarcity issue in heritage building restoration.
• To rank the issues according to their risks in restoration of heritage building.

REASON FOR PROJECT DELAY

Fig 5.1 – Reason For Project Delay

DIFFICULTIES IN MATERIAL PROCUREMENT

Fig 5.2 – Difficulties In Material Procurement

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ONLY SKILLED LABOURS HIRED

Fig 5.3 – Chart About Hiring Labour

IS IT HARD TO FIND SKILLED LABOUR

Fig 5.4 – Chart About Sourcing Skilled Labour

RANKING THE ISSUES ACCORDING TO THEIR RISKS FROM HIGH TO LOW

Skilled labour scarcity removing plants, trees

Fig 5.5 – Issues According To Their Risks

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 CHAPTER 6
RESULT

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  Material, labour, monsoon, financial and estimation are the common
issues identified as per this research paper. from the questionnaire survey
the top five issues were ranked from high to low according to their risk
as:

1. Shortage of material
2. Poor estimation
3. Labour scarcity
4. Financial issue
5. Monsoon issue

 Construction materials are one of the most important resources of a

project. They play a vital role in the execution phase and also affect the
flow of the project which clearly affect the project time.
 In restoration it is said that estimation cannot be properly calculated,
because there may be deflection in works which we may not notice
while estimation which directly affect the duration and cost of the
project.
 Skilled labours like shapathy masons are hard to find due to scarcity, but
restoration work can also done with the help of normal experienced
labours, shapathy masons are required mainly in minute carvings and
dome structures.
 Financial issues are found in both government and private restoration
which is caused due to many reasons like payment delay, financial crisis
etc. which will directly affect the flow the work duration.
 Monsoon issue is a non-predictable issue, while raining most of the work
cannot be done which lead to the time and cost deviation.

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7. REFERENCE

 Sayali Sandbhor, Rohan Botre, Ijret, 2013, India, A Systematic Approach Towards
Restoration of Heritage Buildings.

 Mahran Anwar, World Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2019, Alexandria,

Egypt, Practical Techniques for Restoration of Architectural Formation Elements in
Historical Buildings.
 P.B. Lourenço, 2019, Portugal, Conservation of Cultural Heritage Buildings:
Methodology and Application to Case Studies
 D V Gnezdilov, E V Kapnina, E S Martynyuk, Iop, 2019, Russia, The Problem Of
Preservation, Restoration And Reconstruction Of Theworld Architectural Heritage.
 Aysun Ferrah Guner, Gulhan Benli, Sar, 2019, Turkey, Project Management in
Conservation and Restoration of Historic Buildings.
 Muhammad Jamaluddin Thaheem, 2014, Project Risk Management for Sustainable
Restoration of Immovable Culturalheritage: Lessons from Construction Industry and
Formulation of A Customized Prm Model.
 Nurul Zahirah Mohd Azizia, Arman Abdul Razaka, Mokhtar Azizi Mohd Dinb,
Nasyairi Mat Nasirc, Elsevier, 2016, Malaysia, Recurring Issues in Historic Building
Conservation Author.

 Rajni Lakhani And Rajesh Kumar M M Rahman, Y H Yap, N R Ramli, Strategies for
The Restoration of Heritage Buildings: Material Issues
 M A Dullah and M S W Shamsuddin, Causes of Shortage and Delay In Material
Supply: A Preliminary Study.
 Basem Al Khatib, Yap Soon Poh and Ahmed El-Shafie, Mdpi, 2019, Malaysia,
Materials Challenges in Reconstruction of Historical Projects: A Case Study of The
Old Riwaq Project.

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