INNOVATED EXHAUST FILTER

A Thesis Proposal Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the

Course Technology Research I

Adino, Regel Angelo S.

Alaurin, Mark Cristian D.
Barrameda, John Kenneth A.
Caguia, Carl Angelo R.
Diolata, Zydric D.
Doctor, Phillip P.
Totica, Dominga A.

SORSOGON STATE UNIVERSITY

Bachelor in Technical-Vocational Teacher Education
SORSOGON CITY
 CHAPTER 1

Background of the Study

In the era of the new generation that we are living today, we can no longer deny the fact

that our world is already much polluted, due to the rapid and continuous influx of vehicles

especially in our country, the Philippines. It is impossible to stop the country to keep out with

the flow of change brought about by science and technology, indeed, if people notice especially

in the central areas that the air that can be inhaled is dark and polluted because of the emission

of the vehicles. Indeed, the researchers believed that people should not reach this problem

because the inventors who created cars they fitted air filters (Catalytic converters) to the

exhausts chambers of all cars to prevent the emission of polluted smoke by the cars but due to

the extreme deficiency that people in the Philippines go through, when their exhaust air filter is

damaged, they can no longer replace or even repair it because the parts of the catalytic filter

are very expensive, because the parts are not ordinary which is used to block the dirty air from

the car and keep it clean, so in the Philippines when it is damaged or defective they just leave it

like that so the result is the severe air pollution that we experience, it looks like wearing a mask

is needed even though there is no pandemic of Corona Virus Disease of 2019. This matter had

already existed in many years ago which is the gateway for the development of Catalytic

Converter.

Exhaust emission from automobile source has become a major contributor to the air

pollution and environmental problem. Catalytic converter is found to be one of the most

effective tools to reduce the overwhelming exhaust pollutants in our environment. The
development of sustainable catalytic converter still remains a critical issue due to the stringent

exhaust emission regulations. Another issue such as price and availability of the precious metal

were also forced the automotive industry to investigate the alternatives for producing a better

replacement for the material used in catalytic converter. (Rose & Boodram, 2019) Catalytic

converters use noble metals as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions. This makes vehicle

emissions less harmful. (S.K. Haldar, 2017)The major use of Platinum is in catalytic converters

(∼50%), an automobile emission control device, that converts the toxic pollutants as exhaust

gas to less toxic pollutants by catalyzing redox (reduction–oxidation) reaction. (Leman

A.M.2017)

Catalytic converters also use an oxidative catalyst composed of platinum or palladium. It

helps reduce hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO). To start with, carbon monoxide

and oxygen combine to form carbon dioxide (CO2). Then, unburnt hydrocarbons and oxygen

combine to form carbon dioxide and water. Diesel cars typically have special catalytic

converters to cope with the specific emissions from compression ignition diesel engines. These

Diesel Oxidation Catalyst units are routinely paired with additional exhaust treatment

technologies such as exhaust gas recirculation, Diesel Particulate Filters to trap soot and

Selective Catalytic Reduction which uses injections of AdBlue urea solution to remove NOx.

( Steve Walker 2021)

A catalytic converter is a device that uses a catalyst to convert the three harmful

compounds into harmless ones. (Zheng, 2003)

 The catalytic converter was invented around 1950 by Eugène Houdry. He was a French

mechanical engineer. He designed the catalytic converter to clean up automobile exhaust.

Catalytic converters have been around since the 19th century when metal cylinders containing

filters coated in platinum, Iridium and palladium were fitted to early French motor cars in an

attempt to clean up the smoke coming out of their exhausts. The technology was first patented

by Frenchman Eugene Houdry who relocated to Los Angeles in the 1930s and founded a

company called Oxy-Catalyst, which fitted catalytic converters to industrial chimneys to

combat.Having already fitted his filters to warehouse forklift trucks, by the 1950s Houdry had

begun to research catalytic converter technology for use on cars and he secured a patent for his

design in 1956. The use of the technology on production cars didn’t become widespread until

lead, which blocks the chemical reaction that takes place within catalytic converters, was

removed from petrol and the hands of the manufacturers were forced by tightening car

emissions regulations. (Steve Walker 2021)

(Steve Walker 2021) Catalytic converters change harmful substances in a car’s exhaust

gasses, such as carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide and hydrocarbons, into less

harmful substances like carbon dioxide and water vapour by means of chemical reactions.The

interior of the ‘cat’ is usually filled with a honeycomb structure onto which a coating is applied

that contains a catalyst - the substance that creates a reaction with the exhaust gasses,

changing their chemical structure. On a car, the catalytic converter is attached to the exhaust

pipe. A metal casing contains a ceramic honeycomb. The honeycomb is coated with a mix of

platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) and rhodium (Rh). These noble metals are good at resisting

oxidation, corrosion and acid. That means they can stand up to bad weather and all the
chemicals released by a car engine. The noble metals in catalytic converters act as catalysts.

Catalysts are compounds that can trigger a chemical reaction without being affected

themselves. The honeycomb structure inside a catalytic converter maximizes the surface area

where reactions can take place. Catalytic converters use reduction and oxidation(redox)

reactions to reduce harmful emissions. They use a reduction catalyst composed of platinum and

rhodium. It helps reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) by removing nitrogen atoms from nitrogen

oxide molecules (NO and NO2). This lets the free oxygen form oxygen gas (O2). Then, the

nitrogen atoms attached to the catalyst react with each other. This reaction creates nitrogen

gas (N2).Catalytic converters also use an oxidative catalyst composed of platinum or palladium.

It helps reduce hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO). To start with, carbon monoxide

and oxygen combine to form carbon dioxide (CO2). Then, unburnt hydrocarbons and oxygen

combine to form carbon dioxide and water.

Using active metal catalyst in form of metallic catalytic converter, it is gained an

optimum effective surface of a catalyst which finally is able to decrease the amount of CO and

HC emission significantly in every spinning happened in the engine. (Pramod Thakur Ph.D.,

2019) A well-designed catalytic converter placed in the exhaust system next to the engine can

drastically reduce all gaseous emissions, including carbon monoxide, unburnt hydrocarbons,

and soluble organic fractions (containing polynuclear aromatics). It is a compact, durable,

reliable, and a low-cost component. It should, therefore, be an integral part of all diesel engines

approved for underground coal mines. (Warju; Harto, S. P.; Soenarto, 2018)

In the Philippines, air pollution is caused by transport, industries, power plants, and area

sources such as road dust, construction, and waste burning. National level source inventories
are not available. There are estimates for Metro Manila but they contain significant

discrepancies. Area sources are either not accounted for or their contribution is under

represented.Transport is a significant contributor. In 2001, there were 3.9 million registered

vehicles in the country - a threefold increase within the past two decades.Of these vehicles, 70

percent are gasoline-fueled and 30 percent are diesel-fueled. Nationally, utility vehicles'

outnumber cars, with a 2: 1 ratio. Beginning in 1994, motorcycles and tricycles have surpassed

cars as the second largest group ofvehicles. In Metro Manila, utility vehicles marginally

outnumber cars (44 percent to 36 percent) and motorcycles/tricycles account for only 14

percent of the 1.3 million vehicles f Figure 2). Judging from the experience of other Asian

countries, personal vehicle ownership will rise as individual incomes increase in tbc Philippines.

Despite advances in control technology for newer vehicles, a high growth in vehicle ownership,

combined with low turnover, contributes significantly to air pollution. Diesel-powered vehicles

emit significant amount of fine particles. The number of dieselpowered vehicles has grown

rapidly in recent years, and these account for nearly a third of all vehicles.Diesel-powered

vehicles are the worst offenders. A partial update of the emissions inventory for Metro

(Philippines Environment Monitor, 2002)

Manila in 2001 indicates that transport sources contribute 58 percent, while industrial

sources contribute 41 percent to the total emissions of nitrogen oxides.Transport, especially

diesel-fueled vehicles, is the principal contributor of nitrogen oxides. Carbon monoxide (CO) is a

colorless, odorless, tasteless gas, slightly lighter than air. It is formed when carbon in fuel is not

burned completely. Once emitted into the atmosphere, CO is oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO,).

The inhalation of CO can disrupt the supply of necessary oxygen to the blood, causing a major
health threat. With prolonged exposure, CO affects the nervous system and can be lethal

forpeople with weakhearts.

The Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) is an exhaust treatment device that traps particulate

matter such as soot and ash. The Diesel Particulate Filter typically uses a substrate made of

ceramic material that is formed in honeycomb structure. In order to reduce the polluted smoke

that emit by the vehicle, the Diesel Particulate filters can capture and store the exhaust soot,

which is repeatedly burned inside the Diesel Particulate filters from the strong heat that the

engine produce to eliminate the harmful possible pollution that the exhaust pipe emitted when

accelerating the vehicle.

Oftentimes, if the Diesel Particulate filters was blocked by the soot that produced by the

vehicle because of the Ignition system that works inside the engine and it caused a low speed of

a car. When vehicles operate at a low speed, it cannot reach the requirements for the filters to

clean itself.The Diesel Particulate filter can also fail due to the poor servicing of the application.

The lifespan of the Diesel particulate filters is based on the brand on the application, like the

Cummins ISX15 engine filters has only interval for cleaning up to 400,000 to 600,000 miles,

although it will regenerate it before reaching the 400,000 miles mark.

The Researchers aim to develop the Innovated Exhaust Filter to help our ecosystem

lessen the pollution, just like what the NISCAIR-CSIR INDIA said in their Literature “In the times

that Catalytic Converter are not existed and vehicle’s population continuously grow as well as

the air population, but when the catalytic converter exist, it lessen the air pollution causing by

the vehicles. Base on the research of the Researchers, People cannot afford the new Catalytic
converter or just spend money for fixing it's damage, but because of the new innovated

invention of the Researchers “Innovated Exhaust Filter, people can still have exhaust filter at

low price to lessen the air pollution.

Filter, you can still have exhaust filter at low price to lessen the air population.

Statement of the Problem

Specifically this study aims to:

1. Determine the materials needed in the preparation of innovated exhaust filter.

2. Determine the design of the Innovated exhaust filter.

3. Determine the effectiveness of the innovated exhaust filter along:

a. Functionality

b. Efficiency

c. Mobility

d. Accuracy

e. Acceptability

4. Determine the difference of the innovated exhaust filter to the existing along:

a. Functionality

b. Efficiency

c. Mobility
 d. Accuracy

e. Acceptability

5. What are the Problems encountered in the conduct of the innovated exhaust filter?

6. What can be proposed as per result of study?

Significance of The Study

The significance of this research paper is to give information if how to lessen the air

pollution causing by the vehicles, brought about by the continuous development of the

Philippines. The result of this research paper will benefit the following;

The Students- By this research paper will open their awareness about the air they breathe that

it is not as clean as they think, which they thought was still clean but already much polluted and

many people are getting sick because of it.

Schools- This research paper benefits the school by giving their students informative

documents that can be use for their study, especially in automotive track.

Future Researchers- This research paper can serve as Related Study for all Future Researchers

that are related to the topics of Innovated Exhaust filter and have a reliable sources and ideas if

how it can be possible.

Vehicle owners- Through this research paper, they will have the idea that their used vehicles

should not harm other people, animals and the environment. Even their Catalytic Converters

are damage or malfunctioning, they will not have any difficulty in figuring out if how they can

find a big amount of money to spend for the fixing or replacing their Catalytic Converter

because the Innovated Exhaust Filter are the answer to their problems.

Scope and Delimitation

This research paper focuses only on the importance of the Innovated Exhaust filter and

how it can make possible to build.

This study conducted and had a respondent for their survey questionnaire at the

municipality Sorsogon City to identify the importance of the exhaust filter in a vehicle and how

the Innovated Exhaust Filter feasible.

Definition of Terms

Catalytic Converter- A device incorporated in the exhaust system of a motor vehicle, containing

a catalyst for converting pollutant gases into less harmful ones.

Innovated- The development of new products, processes, or business models that better fit

the needs of a group of consumers.

Honeycomb- Fill with cavities or tunnels

Soot- A black powdery or flaky substance consisting largely of amorphous carbon, produced by

the incomplete burning of organic matter.

Ignition System- the system in an internal-combustion engine that produces the spark to ignite

the mixture of fuel and air.

CHAPTER II

The chapter two of the Research Paper contains the Related Literature, Related Studies,

Synthesis of the art, Gap-Bridge of the Study and Conceptual Framework.

Related Litrature

According to Setten et al.(2001). Diesel engine emitted particles that dangerous to a

human’s health, because of this problem, Setten et’ al developed a filter that can filter out the

huge amount of particles from the engine. . It is ironic that some of these technologies led to

reductions in the legislated total particulate mass while neglecting the number of particles. To

eliminate the threat of diesel particulate matter, essentially absolute filtration in combination

with the oxidation of all emitted hydrocarbons is what will be required. Many different

problems had to be overcome; it was especially important that the filter was robust and its

regeneration was controllable. The key technology to controllable regeneration is oxidation

catalysis, which is the main area of focus in this review.

 This is relevant in the study because it supports the viewpoint of the researchers by

which aims to reduce the air pollution emmitted by the vehicles engine especially with the

diesel engine by developing an exhaust filter that can filter out the substances that

gasoline/diesel engine emitted. Catalytic converter is made of stainless steel housing to absorb

the huge amount of heat that engine produce and a ceramic monolith, a honeycomb shape, to

filter out the Hydrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Nitrogen oxide that can lead to a dangerous poison

to all humans.

According to the Johnson J. (1988). When the technology arrived in our world,

Automobiles emitted smoke was one of the major sources of air pollution in the world. Air and

fuel mixture was controlled by the Carburetor or fuel injection system and the Catalyst

technology filter out the three substances that can caused air pollution that was very

dangerous to a humans health, the Hydrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Nitrogen oxide produced by

Air and Fuel mixture ignition system and emitted via the vehicles pipe, Johnson J. used

experimentation method for the research, Johnson measure the pollution emitted by the

engine from to catalytic converter but it is too polluted, until Johnson install the third monolith

in the catalyst, the polluted largely reduced.

According to Union of Concerned Scientist USA (2014), global warming endangers our

health, jeopardizes our national security, and threatens other basic human needs. Some

impacts such as record high temperatures, rising seas, and severe flooding and droughts are

already increasingly common. Our personal vehicles are a major cause of global warming.
Collectively, cars and trucks account for nearly one-fifth of all US emissions, emitting around 24

pounds of carbon dioxide and other global-warming gases for every gallon of gas. About five

pounds comes from the extraction, production, and delivery of the fuel, while the great bulk of

heat-trapping emissions—more than 19 pounds per gallon—comes right out of a car’s tailpipe.

Automobile emission is the main objective of this research to lessen its emitted carbon

dioxide. Hence our researchers probing that the innovative exhaust filter could be the key to

achieve betterment. Union of Concerned Scientist studies was relevant to this problem by

serving the global warming as a reason why there should be an alternative way or maybe a

sustainable solution that could make changes by creating our new innovative filter for

automobiles.

The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates that in 2020, diesel (distillate)

fuel consumption in the U.S. transportation sector resulted in the emission of about 432 million

metric tons of carbon dioxide (CO2), a greenhouse gas. This amount was equal to about 26% of

total U.S. transportation sector CO2 emissions and equal to about 9% of total U.S. energy-

related CO2 emissions in 2020. Diesel fuel (refined from crude oil) produces many harmful

emissions when it is burned, and diesel-fueled vehicles are major sources of harmful pollutants,

such as ground-level ozone and particulate matter.

This is relevant to our study for the reason of our objectives in reducing carbon dioxide

emitted by automobiles' engine. The number of diesel engine emissions of carbon dioxide

becomes one of the most biggest amount of pollution produced a year. Thus, innovative
exhaust filter will provides a significant role by filtering carbon dioxide and reducing emission

that automobile dieasel engines produced.

According to S Dey and NS Mehta, 2020, a catalytic converter is a device that converts

more toxic exhaust gas pollutants into less toxic pollutants. There are different types of

catalysts used in the automobile exhaust gas treatment like noble metal and base metals

catalysts etc. The control techniques for exhaust gas emissions are engine modifications, fuel

pretreatment, fuel additives, exhaust gas recirculation and positive crankcase ventilation.

According to Kristanaviparkporn et al. 2021, the function of three way converters (TWC) is

essential as they reduce harmful emissions otherwise emitted to the atmosphere. TWC

converters are preferred over two-ways as they are able to remove a wider variety of

pollutants. The main parts of a TWC are first the honeycomb, for which cordierite is the most

used compound, then we have the washcoat, typically formed by Al2O3 or metal oxides, and

lastly the catalyst support, where PMG solutions are common. The working temperature on

TWC covers a wide range, although typical operating temperatures are between 450–500 °C. At

these temperatures, CO and HC conversions range between 90–99.9%. For TWC, the air-fuel

ratio can be close to stoichiometric values which is an advantage from an operational point of

view. The future challenges of TWC will be closely related to emission control policies.

According to Leman et al. 2017, the catalytic converter is found to be one of the most

effective tools to reduce the overwhelming exhaust pollutants in our environment. The use of

new catalyst such as to replace the noble metal material of Platinum (Pt), Palladium (Pd) and
Rhodium (Rh) has been reviewed. Material such as zeolite, nickel oxide and metal oxide has

been found to effectively reduce the emission than the commercial catalytic converter

Catalytic converter purpose is to reduce the emission of gaseous pollutants. Although

catalytic converters are effective at removing harmful emissions, they do not reduce the

emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) produced when fossil fuels are burnt. That's why the

researchers' objectives is to undertake a experimentation that could filter carbon dioxide as

well as those hydrocarbons and harmful emissions.

According to Huang et al. 2021, It is crucial for the diesel particulate filter (DPF) that the

exhaust temperature at the DPF inlet is well managed and accurately controlled during the

thermal regeneration process, in order to ensure the integrity of the filter and improve

regeneration efficiency simultaneously. However, this is challenging because the DPF and the

upstream diesel oxidation catalyst are complex systems with complicated chemical, thermal

and fluid phenomena, especially in real-world driving where the operation and environment

conditions are varying and unpredictable. In some cases when the engine speed is suddenly

dropped to idle (DTI) from normal operation conditions, uncontrolled regeneration events may

occur and result in excessive temperature spikes inside the DPF that may melt down the filter.

According to L Brownell 2020, the team has their sights set on applying their technology to

indoor air purification for homes, offices, and other buildings. Indoor air offers its own unique

set of challenges: the types and amounts of pollutants vary dramatically from building to

building, and it would take a large amount of energy to heat the air to a temperature where the

current catalysts can work, then cool it back down to a comfortable level.
 The objective of this work is to improve safe, reliable and efficient filter operation during

the DPF thermal regeneration process, thus reducing the risk of destructive melting of the DPF.

It is relevant to researchers' studies to serves as an additional knowledge in creating innovative

exhaust filter that could sustain the high temperature when it's inserted to automobile's

exhaust. Indeed, exhaust system has a high temperature researchers examining materials that

could possibly hold the heat that produced by engines, that's why the idea of Brownell is

relevant to researchers' study where the filter could function and purified to the heat.

According to Ramalingam et al. 2018, the diesel engines are widely used in the

transportation, automotive, agricultural application and industrial sector. The major pollutants

emitted by the diesel engines are unburned hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO),

particulate matter (PM), sulphur oxides (SOx) and lead. These pollutants can cause health

problems to human beings and impact on the environment.

According to S Dey and G Chandra Dhal 2020, that carbon monoxide (CO) is a very

poisonous gas present in the atmosphere. Automobile vehicle exhaust contributes 64% of the

CO pollution in urban areas. Increasing costs of noble metals as a catalyst in automobile

vehicles motivate the investigation of material that can be substituted for noble metals. Among

the non-noble metals, copper (Cu) is found to be the most capable and highly active catalyst for

CO oxidation.
Related Studies

Rounce et al. Global energy and mobility demands keep growing, still being majorly

supplied by internal combustion engines fueled by fossil fuels especially for mobile applications.

However, there are challenges derived from their widespread utilization such as impact on fuel

security and human health. Therefore, concerns regarding energy security and the adverse

impact on climate change and air quality have motivated regulatory bodies to impose

increasingly strict emission limits. Compression ignition engines have higher thermal efficiencies

but higher levels of particles and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions compared to their spark

ignition engines counterpart.

This is related to the present study because it focuses about the continues growth

of demand of fuel engine in our world, mining too much fuel or even oil in the crust of the earth

is very dangerous to our ecosystem because it distorb the land and marine ecosystem, Seismic

techniques used to explore for oil under the ocean floor may harm fish and marine mammals

and also it is dangerous to a humans health because when the fossil fuel are burned they

released carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases which in turn trap heat in our atmosphere,

making them the primary contributors to global warming and climate change.

Therefore, Swanson et al. (2007) proposed to use plants oil and vegetables oil as a

fuel to ignite in the combustion chamber to avoid harmful substances that fossil fuel engine

emitted in the air, but vegetables oils proven that it is too viscous to use in the continues
ignition system, Swanson et’ al also proposed a animal oil to use fuel in the engine, but in the

United states and Europesm, they modified the soybean oil and rapeseed oil respectively. The

fatty acids in plant triacylglycerols contain unsaturated carbon bonds and thus tend to remain

in liquid form at low temperatures. These liquid oils currently require a modified diesel engine,

limiting their usefulness as an alternative fuel source at this time. Chemical modification of the

plant oil is required to produce a fuel that can be used in an unmodified diesel engine. 

This is related to this study in the way of the Researches and Swansons et al. had

one goal, to reduce the pollution caused by the engines emission, Swanson proposed to used

plants oil as an alternative fuel, to avoid using fossil fuel that contain a very dangerous

substances to the ecosystem and humans health. Therefore, in the modern world people used

fossil fuel for their car’s engine, then the researchers aims to reduce the dangerous substances

that fossil fuel produced.

Gap-Bridge of the Study

This study aimed to develop an innovated exhaust filter.

Related literatures and related studies were reviewed for the researchers to have an

idea about exhaust filter and emission of gasses. There were studies about global warming

caused by automobiles emissions. There were studies about air pollution and it's effect to the

health of the community. There were studies about materials and elements used in making

catalytic converter. There were studies about the fesign, development and characterization of a
novel and innovative exhaust filter media for the global automotive industry. There were

studies about catalytic converter and catalyst properties for conversion of gaseous chemicals

emitted by automobiles. About percent decrease in carbon monoxide (CO) and 77 percent

decrease in hydrocarbon (HC). Most studies on exhaust filter focused on the filtration and

conversion of harmful gasses into carbon dioxide however there were no studies conducted

about development of innovated exhaust filter.

The catalytic converter converts harmful chemicals into carbon dioxide however there

is no device used in exhaust filter to lessen the carbon dioxide. This study aimed to develop an

innovated exhaust filter that can lessen the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by exhaust filter

or catalytic converter of automobiles. This is the gap bridged by this study.

Planning
 CHAPTER III

Research Design and Methodology

The chapter three of the research paper contains the research design, respondents,

instruments, sample, data collection and data analysis procedures.

Method

Research Instrument

Sample

In selecting the Respondents of the study and in order for the population to adequately

represented, the Researchers used a Convenience Sampling Method to select respondents who

are not forced to respond to the online survey conducted by the Researchers.
 Convenience sampling is defined as a method adopted by researchers where they

collect market research data from a conveniently available pool of respondents. It is the most

commonly used sampling technique as it’s incredibly prompt, uncomplicated, and economical.

In many cases, members are readily approachable to be a part of the sample.

Data Collection Procedure

Data Analysis Procedure

Materials, tools and Equipment
Upon the completion of the design, materials, tools and equipment which are needed in
the construction and fabrication of the innovated exhaust filter were identified.
The listed materials and supplies that are needed as to the number of pieces were
canvassed at the local market and online store for the availability and its price quotation. The
materials that are needed to construct the innovated exhaust filter are purchased immediately
for the speed construction of the product.
Table 1 shows the listing of all the materials and supplies needed in construction of
innovated exhaust filter with proper quantity, unit, description, unit cost and total cost in peso.
The total amount for the purchase of all the materials and supplies and materials was minimal
and it was bought fro brand new materials.
Table 1. Supplies and Materials

Qty Unit Description Unit Price Total price

Steel Wool

Stainless Steel

Soda Lime

Nut

Bolt

Metal epoxy

Stainless steel Hole saw Drill

Acetylene

Silicone Rubber Gasket

Cutting Disc

Welding rod
Construction
All the Components include the tools, equipment and material are used to constructed

the innovated exhaust filter at the automotive shop with the help of some professional

mechanic to ensure that the innovated exhaust filter build with good quality and feasible for

long term service.

There were five (5) component parts constructed and fabricated procedurally which was

start from measuring all the sizes were to cut and where to place the holes that are needed in

fabricating the body of innovated exhaust filter. Next was the Cutting and drilling all the marked

parts where to cut the Stainless steel by used of electric grinder and cutting disc, and placed

hole were to place the nuts, bolts and stainless steel air passage by used of stainless steel hole

saw drill. Joining the cut stainless steels to create the round shape and form the body of the

innovated exhaust filter and fixed the nuts to under the hole by used of Welding machine and

welding rod. After the innovated exhaust filter body was build, soda lime and the steel wool

was placed in their respected chamber. The last procedure of constructing the innovated

exhaust filter was the assembling of the two major parts of the innovated exhaust filter, the

innovated exhaust filter and the innovated exhaust filter chamber by used of Bolts to fix the

two major parts and by used of silicone rubber gasket to prevent the air leak from the bolts.
The Design

The Inovated Exhaust Filter is designed to filter the Carbon dioxide (CO²) so as to draw

out or drive in or simply remove and Install the exhaust filter on tailpipe. Sketches, Drawings,

Layout, and simple dimensions are fundamentals preparations in the construction of the

project. The product includes the.

The Stainless steel serve as the body frame of the innovated exhaust filter because

stainless steel can resist the heat emitted by the engine in exhaust pipe .

Soda lime is a chemical that when carbon dioxide sticks it would have a chemical

reaction to filter out the carbon dioxide emitted by the diesel engine.

The Bolts and nuts connect the innovated exhaust filter body and the innovated exhaust

filter chamber to make the them not removed while the automobile was driven.

Silicone Rubber gasket was high temperature gasket that can resist the temperature of

exhaust pipe that prevent the air leak from the bolts thread.

The Steel wool prevents the Soda lime to spread inside the innovated exhaust filter

chamber.

This part will all be labeled with all the precisions and mensuration needed for the

construction. Furthermore the finish product will provide with a case to enclose and secure its

parts.
The design of the Inovated Exhaust Filter is shown in Figure _.
Planning

The researchers focus to design an improvise filter excessive exhaust or particulates released by vehicle,
this study involved the dimensions and selection of materials needed in fabrication of filter as well as
the other parts the plans include the listing materials to be used the design of each part of the tools, the
needed tools and equipment and the costing until the whole project is completely finished

Methods

According to (web finance ) Research and Development serve to explore unique products, methods, and
services by applying new knowledge to create a developed and improved products that satisfy the needs
of commodities. R&D expands human knowledge to improve and develop new uses for a product.
Experimental and theoretical are fundamental endeavors that are undertaken with the primary goal of
gaining new knowledge through the study of phenomena and the unbiased observation of facts..When
developing a new product, process or service, or refining an existing one, R&D is one of the earliest
phases. Experimentation and innovation is often rife at this stage, along with risk.Basic research is all
about acquiring knowledge and using it to build understanding and intelligence Applied research is a lot
more defined, and often looks to achieve a specific objective. This could be using a new
technology,Applied research is often what leads to the development phase The design and development
phase is all about taking an idea and making it into a product or process. Effectively, it’s about
translating the research into a commercial product or service. It often involves designs, prototyping,
trials, testing and refinement
 INNOVATED
EXHAUST
FILTER

Figure . The design of the Innovated exhaust filter