Lesson 3: Test Yourself (ROCKS)

1. We know that the three major types of rocks are sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic. Each of these rocks is the
consequence of physical rock cycle activities such as melting, cooling, eroding, compacting, or deforming.

Sedimentary Rocks

 Rock fragments from other types of existing rocks or organic material are used to create sedimentary rocks.

 Additionally,  clastic, organic (biological), and chemical sedimentary rocks are the three different types of sedimentary rocks.

 Sandstone is a type of clast sedimentary rock, which is formed from fragments of other rocks.

 Hard, biological elements like plants, shells, and bones that are compacted into rock are what give rise to organic sedimentary rocks like coal.

 The weathering, or disintegration, of the exposed rock into tiny fragments is the first step in the production of clastic and organic rocks.

Metamorphic Rocks

 Rocks that have undergone extreme heat or pressure and changed from their initial state are known as metamorphic rocks.

 Furthermore there are two types of metamorphic rocks: foliated and nonfoliated.

 Minerals that are flat or elongated line up in layers to form foliation when a rock is subjected to intense pressure.

 Nonfoliated rocks are created in the same way as foliated rocks, but they lack the minerals that tend to line up under pressure and give foliated

rocks their layered look.

Igneous rocks

 When molten, heated material cools and solidifies, igneous rocks are created (their name is derived from the Latin word for fire).

 A few different processes can be used to create igneous rocks.

 They are referred to be intrusive, or plutonic, igneous rocks when they are generated deep within the earth.

 They are referred to be extrusive, or volcanic, igneous rocks if they developed outside of or on top of the Earth's crust.

2. Sedimentary rocks are formed when loose sediment that is deposited by moving water becomes hard
over time. Sedimentary rocks are formed on the surface of the Earth. Igneous rocks are formed from
cooled and solidified magma. Metamorphic rocks are the rocks changed by temperature or deformation.
Rocks that precipitate directly from hot water are called hydrothermal rocks.