Islamic University of Gaza

Faculty of Engineering Prepared by:

Electrical & Computer Dept. Eng. Talal F. Skaik
Microwaves Lab
Experiment #3
Single Stub Matching

Objectives:

9 Understanding Impedance Matching, Using single shunt stub(open/short) for

making impedance matching.
9 Use Smith_Chart2 to design and use TRLINE to verify the answer.

Theoretical Background:

Given a transmission line of characteristic impedance Z0 and phase velocity u

drives a load ZL.
Z − Z0
• The reflection coefficient is ΓL = L
ZL + Z0
• The generator supplies power Pin ;
o part of the input power is delivered to the load: (1− | ΓL | 2 ) Pin
o part of the input power is reflected back to the generator: | ΓL | 2 Pin
• The reflected power is wasted:
o some generators cannot absorb much reflected power.
o often an “isolater” is used to absorb power reflected back to the
generator.
• Ideally, the load should be “matched” to the transmission line, , so that the
reflection coefficient is zero and all the incident power is absorbed by the load.
• The objective of “impedance matching” is to insert a “matching network”
between the transmission line and the load such that the input impedance Zin is
a better match than ZL.

• Then the reflection coefficient is smaller than ΓL and so less power is reflected
back to the load. Matching networks are often designed to achieve a perfect
match (Γ=0).
Single Stub Matching:

Single open or short circuited transmission line (stub) with length(L) connected either
in shunt or series at certain distance (d) from load .

* For the following transmission line, a short-circuited stub transmission line with
length(L) is connected in parallel(shunt) at a distance (d) from the load(ZL).
Jjhjjkhlk

• At terminals AA we want to have Yin=Y0=1/Z0 to make matching.

• Yin is made up of Y1 in parallel with Ys. Since parallel admittances add, we have
Yin=Y1+Ys.
• We can decompose Y into conductance and susceptance as Y1=G1+jB1 and
Ys=jBs
• So, we can write Yin=Y1+Ys=G1+jB1+jBs=G1+j(B1+Bs).
• We can obtain the match by choosing:
G1=1/Z0
Bs=-B1 ( Ys= -jB1). Then, Yin=Y1+Ys=Y0+jB1-jB1=Y0 (Yin=Y0 matching)
 • At matching, if we take normalized values :
yin=y1+ys
y1=1+jb1, ys=jbs, then yin=1+jb1+jbs=1+j(b1+bs) with bs= - b1 and yin=1.

Smith Chart Method for Designing Single-Stub Matching

Example) For ZL=15+j10 Ω, we want to design two (single-stub shunt-open) tuning

networks to match load to 50Ω line.

™ Run Smith_Chart2 software.

™ Select from main menu Y-Chart.

™ Select DATAPOINT from the Toolbox, then fill the load impedance with
15+j10.

™ From the Toolbox, select (series line) with characteristic impedance 50 Ω and
εr=1.
™ From the load (point#1), move clockwise toward generator until intersecting
the 0.02+jB circle at point#2. then the distance from the load to
stub=d=0.044λ.
™ From the Toolbox, choose SHUNT LINE, with characteristic impedance 50Ω
and εr=1. then choose stub type OPEN END.

™ Now, move from point#2 clockwise until the input admittance(Y) becomes
0.02+j0 (POINT#3, where matching happens).
™ Record the stub length, L=0.147λ.
Solution 2:-
We note that by moving from load POINT#1 clockwise toward generator, we
intersect the 0.02+jB circle in two points. The previous solution was for the first
point. Now, we repeat all previous steps but for the other point, and find another
solution(d=0.387λ and L=0.353λ).
* Now, to verify our solution, we will use TRLINE.EXE software. Choose Single-
stub matching circuit.(from the previous procedure, d=0.044λ and L=0.147λ)

Now fill in the following parameters:

9 Generator: Voltage source=1VRMS, internal resistance=50Ω,
frequency=300MHz.
9 Choose the propagation velocity for the three lines =300meter per
microsecond.
Then, the wavelength=u/f=3*108/300*106=1m.
9 Choose Line #1, Characteristic impedance=50 Ω, the length of line #1 is not
important here, we are interested in the lengths of lines 2 and 3 for matching.
9 Now, choose Line #2, and fill the following parameters.(d=0.044λ=0.044m)

9 Choose Line #3, and fill the following parameters.(L=0.147λ=0.147m)

9 Choose Load #1, ZL=15+j10.

9 Choose Load #2, (Open Circuit, Z= ∞ ).

9 Choose(draw Smith Chart as a function of the line length).
9 Choose Line #2. Note that the input admittance=20-j26.6(mS)=Y0+jB.
So, for matching, the input admittance for the stub must equal to +26.6mS,
and the total admittance will equal to 20-j26.6+j26.6=20mS=Y0=1/Z0.

9 Click on Exit, then choose Line #3

9 Note that Load admittance=0+j0(open circuit).

9 Note that Input admittance=+j26.5mS(approximately as expected).
Experimental Procedure:

Problem(1)

Antenna with impedance 40+j30 Ω is to be matched to a100-Ω lossless line with a

shunt shorted stub. Determine the stub length and the distance between the stub and
the antenna.
Note: You have to find two solutions(for d=distance from load to stub and L=stub
length). you also have to find the input admittance for the stub when matching occurs.
Use Smith_Chart2 to design and TRLINE to verify your solution.

Problem(2)

At 850 MHz, an antenna with an input impedance ZL=100-j45 of ohms must be

matched to a transmission line of characteristic impedance Z0=50 ohms. The speed of
travel on the transmission line is u=30 cm/ns. Design a short circuited single-stub
matching circuit by choosing values for d and L.
Note: You have to find two solutions(for d=distance from load to stub and L=stub
length). you also have to find the input admittance for the stub when matching occurs.
Use Smith_Chart2 to design and TRLINE to verify your solution.