V2X Communication System

Rubel Halder
22ECM3R20, rh22ecm3r20@student.nitw.ac.in
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Abstract
Next-generation vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication
systems represent the enabling technology for cooperative,
accident-free and zero-emissions driving. In this perspective,
V2X connectivity is expected to support heterogeneous sets
of use cases, each one exhibiting a specific set of require-
ments. As a result of a detailed inspection of scientific and
technical literature, this paper provides a comprehensive and
structured overview of the standardization initiatives dealing
with V2X use cases classification, along with the guidelines
issued by major worldwide coordination initiatives and re- Figure 1: ImageTitle - V2X communication
search projects. In particular, relevant categories of V2X use
cases for road transport are described, with main focus on
specific requirements for key performance metrics, namely 2 How Vehicle to Everything (V2X)
message transmission rate, communication latency and ex- Works?
pected datarate.
Keywords – competitive standards for V2X communi- In a V2X communication system, the information travels
cation, namely, CellularV2X (C-V2X), Dedicated Short from the vehicle sensors and other sources through high-
Range Communication (DSRC), Cooperative Intelligent bandwidth, high-reliability links, allowing it to communicate
Transport Systems (C-ITS), Advanced ITS, and Asso- with other cars, infrastructure such as parking spaces and
ciation of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB) de- traffic lights, and smartphone-tossing pedestrians.
velopment. By sharing information, such as speed, with other entities
around the vehicle, the technology improves the driver’s
awareness of potential dangers and helps reduce the severity
1 Introduction of injuries, road accident fatalities, and collision with other
vehicles.
The general form of vehicular communication, referred to
as vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, allows com- The technology also enhances traffic efficiency by warning
munication between vehicle and another vehicle, vehicle drivers of upcoming traffic, suggesting alternative routes to
and pedestrian, vehicle and roadside infrastructure, and so avoid traffic and identifying available parking spaces.
forth.Vehicle to Everything (V2X) is a vehicular communica-
Much like other communication technologies, V2X, in recent
tion system that supports the transfer of information from
years, has split into 2 varied camps based on varied technolo-
a vehicle to moving parts of the traffic system that may af-
gies.
fect the vehicle. The main purpose of V2X technology is to
improve road safety, energy savings, and traffic efficiency on • DSRC, Dedicated Short Range Communication.
the roads. Despite the stupendous potentiality, many differ-
• C-V2X, Cellular V2X.
ent aspects of V2X communication is hitherto unclear among
some researchers and professionals. This is partly due to the • GPS based.
fact that the standards of V2X communication have been de-
veloping very fast. A clear understanding of various aspects 2.1 What Is DSRC Communication and How
of V2X communication should be made available immediately It Works?
DSRC is the original V2X standard that enables vehicles to
in order to help smooth progress of this technology towards
communicate with each other and with the infrastructure
5G as well as early deployment. This paper aims to clearly
via over-the-air messages compliant with the IEEE 802.11P
depict the most important aspects of V2X communication,
standard.
namely, modes of operation, network architecture, spectrum
used, specifications, applications, system requirements, secu- Moving on, the DSRC standard provides information about
rity, and privacy. toll payments and accident notices. It operates in short-
range, i.e. under 1 kilometer, and runs in the unlicensed
5.9GHz band. One of the best things about this standard
is that it is totally unaffected by weather conditions. Thus,

1
even in times of rain, fog, or snow, it can easily scan the
environment and deliver accurate information.
2.2 What Is C-V2X Communication and
How It Works? • Partial and fully automatic driving functions are avail-
The Cellular V2X is an alternative to DSRC that uses LTE
as the underlying technology. The Qualcomm and 5G Auto- But there are also available some disadvantages in V2X com-
motive Association greatly support the use of this technol- munication.
ogy.
One of the best benefits of using C-V2X is that it comes with
operational modes that the users can choose from. The first
mode is a low-latency Cellular-V2X Direct Communications
over the PC5 interface, on the unlicensed 5.9GHz band. This
mode is specially designed for exchanging active safety mes-
sages such as collision warnings and other short-range V2I,
V2V, and V2P situations. This mode closely aligns with what
is offered by the traditional DSRC standard.
2.3 Types of V2X communications :
• Vehicle to network (V2N)
• Vehicle to vehicle (V2V)
• Vehicle to pedestrian (V2P)
• Vehicle to infrastructure (V2I)
• Vehicle to cloud (V2C)
• Vehicle to device (V2D)
• Vehicle to grid (V2G)
Figure 2: ImageTitle - Different types of V2X applications
3 Benefits or advantages of V2X
Communication
• It allows driver to reach destination quickly, safely and
in cost effective manner. This is possible due to avail-
ability of traffic information, parking lot assistance, op-
timized fuel consumption and so on.
• Drivers utilizes vehicle management functions to reduce
operational costs and ease in usage. Drivers and owners
get information on condition of vehicle, service related
reminders etc.
• Owners get information on vehicle breakdown preven-
tion via phone, SMS and other notifications.
• Various safety functions warn drivers about external
hazards and internal vehicle hazards. This helps in pre-
vention of crashes
able.
4 Challenges or Drawbacks or dis-
advantages of V2X Communica-
tion
• As vehicles in V2X are connected to internet, they are
prone to hacking. Hackers can access and control the
vehicle.
• Privacy of the owners and users of the vehicles are ma-
jor concern. This is due to leakage of informations
such as vehicle location, daily routine, frequently used
apps etc. These hacked informations can be used for
unauthorized purposes. These can also be used by or-
ganizations and government agencies.
• Autonomous driver system can cause fatal conse-
quences during failure of the system.
• Malfunctioning of cars or sensors or networks lead to
incorrect data. This leads to faulty communications.
5 Conclusion and Future Work :
This paper captures the evolution of V2X use cases un-
til the most up-to-date methodologies and classification ap-
proaches. A whole overview is provided by considering main
institutions and organizations involved in the standardization
process both in Europe and in other parts of the world. As
the presented review shows, several organizations and compa-
nies are involved in the C-ITSs field and many contributions
are available. However there isn’t a common agreement to
describe use cases nor service level requirements. Within the
EMERGE project, which aims to allow dual-use light com-
mercial vehicles to operate in daily or emergency scenarios,
further efforts will be made to define a comprehensive and
consensus methodology for V2X use cases taking into ac-
count the diversified C-ITS background.