FINAL YEAR PROJECT REPORT

PTP 1424PDM
PDM/02/APRIL2019

TITLE
UV SORGE

GROUP MEMBERS
MUHAMMAD ZHAFRAN BIN ZAINUDDIN
NURUL ANIS HIDAYAH BINTI MUHAMED RAFAIZUL
AMMAR AREEF BIN BAHARUN
MUHAMMAD ASYRAF BIN ISMAIL

PROJECT SUPERVISOR
MS NOR ZAMIRA BINTI ZAMRI

PRODUCT DESIGN & MANUFACTURING

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
GERMAN-MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE

JULY 2021
 OATH

We hereby declared that this Final Year Project is originated from our own idea.
The group members are:

Signature :

Name : MUHAMMAD ZHAFRAN BIN ZAINUDDIN

Signature :

Name : NURUL ANIS HIDAYAH BINTI MUHAMED RAFAIZUL

Signature :

Name : AMMAR AREEF BIN BAHARUN

Signature :

Name : MUHAMMAD ASYRAF BIN ISMAIL

Date :
 DEDICATION

This Final Year Project is wholeheartedly dedicated to the Almighty God,

thank you for the guidance, strength, power of mind, protection and skills and for

giving us a healthy life. All of these, we offer to you.

We also dedicated this Final Year Project to our beloved Project Supervisor,

Ms. Nor Zamira binti Zamri, who have been our source of inspiration and gave us

strength when we thought of giving up, who continually provide his moral, spiritual,

and emotional supports.

And lastly, to our parents, brothers, sisters, relatives, mentors, friends, and

classmates who shared their words of advice and encouragement to finish this

project and to believe in us in overcome all the hurdles throughout the project.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Alhamdulillah. First of all, we would like to thank God for giving us strength

and health to complete this Final Year Project. We are overwhelmed in all

humbleness and gratefulness to acknowledge the depth to all those who have helped

us to put these ideas, well above the level of simplicity and into something concrete.

We would like to express our special thanks of gratitude to our Project Supervisor,

Ms. Nor Zamira binti Zamri, who helped us in doing a lot of research and we came to

know about so many new things.

Any attempt at any level can’t be satisfactorily completed without the support

and guidance of our parents and friends. We also would like to thanks to all

Technical Training Officers (TTOs) that contributed who helped us in gathering

different information, collecting data and guiding us from time to time in making this

project, despite their busy schedules, they gave us different ideas in making this

project unique and successful.

Last but not least, we want to thank ourselves for believing in ourselves, for

doing all this hard work, for having no days off, for never quitting, for always being a

giver, and trying to give more than we receive. We want to thank ourselves for trying

to do more right than wrong and for just being ourselves at all times.
 ABSTRACT

The purpose of this project is to design a product with given theme which is

Covid-19. This product is called UV Light Sterilizer. This UV type C Light Sterilizer

will be used to sterilize a high-end surfaces of the pocket items. It also can fit many

pocket items like handphone, wallet, coins, keys etc. while sterilizing as its space is

spacious. The main reason on creating this product is to help customer on their

difficulties to sterilize their pocket product that cannot be sanitized chemically. Due to

the problem arose, our group decided to come out with an idea to redesign and

improving current design of sterilizer that will help in solving our problems. We

believed our product will be successful and were needed in local market out there.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER CONTENT PAGE NUMBER

CHAPTER 1 Introduction

1.0 Group Organization Chart 2

1.1 Project Background 3

1.2 Problem Statement 5

1.3 Objectives

1.2.1 Project Objectives 6

1.2.2 Product Objectives 6

1.4 Project SWOT Analysis 7

CHAPTER 2 Feasibility Studies

2.1 Feasibility Study 8

2.2 Brainstorming 10

2.3 Mind Mapping 11

2.4 Primary Source 12

2.4.1 Interview 13

2.4.2 Questionnaire 14

2.5 Secondary Sources 15

2.5.1 Market Research 16

2.5.2 User Research 17

2.5.3 Engineering & Manufacturing Research 18

2.5.4 Design Criteria

2.5.4.1 Primary Criteria 19

2.5.4.2 Secondary Criteria 20

I
CHAPTER 3 Project Methodology

3.0 Introduction 21

3.1 Idea & Concept Development 22

3.2 Scoring & Screening

3.2.1 Screening Concept 24

3.2.2 Scoring Concept 25

3.3 Final Design Development 26

3.4 3D Modelling & Technical Drawing 27

3.5 Ergonomic

3.5.1 Anthropometry Data 28

3.5.2 Manikin & Machine 29

3.6 Project Costing

3.6.1 Direct, Indirect and Total Cost 30

3.6.2 Fixed and Variable Cost 34

3.6.3 Break-even Output and Break-even Chart 35

CHAPTER 4 Project Implementation

4.1 Contingency Plan 35

4.2 Process Plan

4.2.1 Process Plan Flow 36

4.2.2 Body Frame 37

4.2.3 Aluminium Grill 38

4.2.4 Post Processing 39

4.3 Quality Plan 40

4.4 Project Schedule

4.4.1 FYP1 Project Schedule 41

4.4.2 FYP2 Project Schedule 42

4.4.3 Work Breakdown Structure 43

II
CHAPTER 5 Findings & Analysis

5.1 Product Testing 44

5.2 Final Product Testing 45

5.3 Problem Encountered & Countermeasures 46

CHAPTER 6 Conclusion

6.1 Conclusion 47

6.2 Recommendation 48

REFERENCES

III
 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE TITLE PAGE NUMBER

1.4 SWOT Analysis 7

2.5.1 Market Research 16

2.5.2 User Research 17

2.5.3.1 Raw Material Listing 18

2.5.3.2 Standard Part Listing 18

2.5.3.3 Electrical Part Listing 18

3.2.1 Concept Screening 24

3.2.2 Concept Scoring 25

3.2.2.1 Relative Performance 25

3.4.1.1.1 Costing of Raw Materials 30

3.4.1.1.2 Costing of Standard Parts 30

3.4.1.1.3 Costing of Electrical Parts 31

3.4.1.2 Direct Labour 31

3.4.1.3 Direct Expenses 31

3.4.3 Total Cost 32

3.6.3.2 Break-even Quantity 34

3.6.3.3 Break-even Sales 34

4.1 Contingency Plan 35

4.3 Quality Plan 40

4.4.1 FYP1 Project Schedule 41

4.4.2 FYP2 Project Schedule 42

5.1 Problem Encountered & Countermeasures 46

6.2 Recommendations 48

IV
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE NUMBER

Figure 3.3 Final Design Development 26

Figure 3.4 Product Technical Drawing 27

Figure 3.5.1 Manikin Configuration 28

Figure 5.1 Product Testing 44

Figure 5.2 Final Product Testing 45

Figure E1 FYP1 Project Schedule 80

Figure E2 FYP2 Project Schedule 81

V
 LIST OF DIAGRAMS

DIAGRAM TITLE PAGE NUMBER

1.0 Group Organization Chart 2

2.1 Feasibility Study 8

2.2 Brainstorming 10

2.3 5W1H 11

3.0 Project Methodology 21

3.6.3.4 Break-even Chart 34

4.2.1 Block Diagram Flow Chart 36

4.2.2 Process Flow for Body Frame 37

4.2.3 Process Flow for Aluminium Grill 38

4.2.4 Post Processing 39

4.4.3 Work Breakdown Structure 43

VI
 LIST OF SYMBOL AND ABBREVIATIONS

FYP Final Year Project

GMi German-Malaysian Institute

TTO Technical Training Officer

Covid-19 Corona Virus Disease 2019

MCO Movement Control Order

UVC Ultraviolet C

UVGI Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation

DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid

RNA Ribonucleic Acid

SWOT Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat

3D 3 Dimensional

5W1H What, Why, Who, Where, When, How

USB Universal Serial Bus

PLA Polylactic Acid

ABS Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene

RM Ringgit Malaysia

CAD Computer Aided Design

STL Standard Triangle Language

FDM Fused Deposition Modeling

BEPq Break-even Quantity

BEPs Break-even Sales

VII
mAh Ampere Hour

mm Milimeter

cm Centimeter

m Meter

g Gram

kg Kilogram

k Kilo

mA Mili Ampere

W Watt

V Volt

Ω Ohms

VIII
 LIST OF APPENDIX

Appendix A Interviews

Appendix B Questionnaires

Appendix C Idea & Concept Development

Appendix D Product Technical Drawing & Details

Appendix E Project Schedule & Gantt Chart

IX
 1

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT

The Final Year Project (FYP) is mandatory since it gives us real life

experience on how to handle project by applying all the knowledge gained there.

Hence, we were assigned to do a Final Year project (FYP) based on the requirement

given by each trade with a group of three of four given. For student majoring in

Product Design & Manufacturing, we were assigned to do a project with a given

theme which is ‘Covid-19’.

Based on the theme given, we have made the most for our Final Year Project

(FYP) where this project was divided into two phases. The first phase of Final Year

Project (FYP) was called FYP1. This phase was carried out in our semester 4. In this

phase, the task was to generate idea and develop into a final product to be presented

in front of selected panels to ensure its manufacturability.

 2

1.0 GROUP ORGANIZATION CHART

Project Supervisor
Ms. Nor Zamira binti Zamri

Group Leader
Muhammad Zhafran bin
Zainuddin

Group Member Group Member Group Member

Muhammad Asyraf bin Nurul Anis Hidayah binti Ammar Areef bin
Ismail Muhamed Rafaizul Baharun

Diagram 1.0: Group Organization Chart

 3

1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the

SARS-CoV-2 virus. Most people infected with the virus will experience mild to

moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment.

However, some will become seriously ill and require medical attention. The virus can

spread from an infected person’s mouth or nose in small liquid particles when they

cough, sneeze, speak, sing or breathe.

During this pandemic, it has become extremely important to make sure that we

all take the necessary steps to keep this coronavirus away from us. The only proven

method to kill most of the viruses and germs is by using ‘UVC Germicidal Lamp’.

Enough exposures to UVC radiation causes damage to DNA and RNA of the virus so

they cannot replicate, effectively killing or inactivating a virus.

In the Covid-19 era, people tend to sanitized their stuffs oftenly as a safe step on

not exposed to the Covid-19. Most of people use chemical sanitizing method on

sanitizing their product. Unfortunately, not all product can be sanitized chemically.

For example, electrical components.

Given the current outbreak of Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19), consumers may

be interested in purchasing ultraviolet-C (UVC) lamps to disinfect surfaces in the

home or similar spaces. Ultraviolet lights have shown great promise in providing

effective disinfection and sterilization of surfaces. UVC light has long been used as a

measure for sanitization of air, surfaces and water and is known to kill bacteria and

viruses.
 4

The most common form of UV radiation is sunlight, which produces three main

types of UV rays which is UVA, UVB, UVC. UVA rays have the longest wavelengths,

followed by UVB, and UVC rays which have the shortest wavelengths. UVB and UVA

radiation is expected to be less effective than UVC radiation at inactivating the

SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus.

 UVB: It is less effective than UVC at doing so and is more hazardous to

humans than UVC radiation because UVB radiation can penetrate deeper into

the skin and eye. UVB is known to cause DNA damage and is a risk factor in

developing skin cancer and cataracts.

 UVA: UVA radiation is less hazardous than UVB radiation but is also

significantly (approximately 1000 times) less effective than either UVB or UVC

radiation at inactivating other SARS viruses. UVA is also implicated in skin

aging and risk of skin cancer.

In this project, we were assigned to create a product related to the current

outbreak; Covid-19. We have come with an idea of doing a portable UVC device that

can kill virus and bacteria on surfaces.

 5

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

As in our UVC Light Sterilizer product, we have made the research on the

drawbacks of current sterilizer in order to improvise and innovate a better sterilizer for

other. These are all the problem statements:

 During pandemic people tend to go out for groceries or work without proper

sterilized the pocket items .

 Direct expose the disinfect chemical can cause danger to the user.

 Most of product in the market cannot be sterilized chemically.

1.2.1 Design Statement

 To design a UV Sterilizer that use UV types-C.

 To sterilize pocket items like handphone, wallet, keys etc. for home purpose.
 6

1.3 OBJECTIVES

1.3.1 PROJECT OBJECTIVES

The project objective describes project’s outcome: intended and direct, short

and medium term effects on the target group. The project objective must lie within the

scope of the project, and one must be able to directly attribute the effects to the

project. Well-formulated, genuine outcome (and impact) objectives are therefore of

great importance if the outcome and impact assessment. Below are the objectives of

this project.

1) To create a product that use UVC light as sterilizing mechanism.

2) To reduce the risk of spreading of virus.

3) To promote good hygiene for people.

4) To fulfill market demand of the product during this pandemic.

1.3.2 PRODUCT OBJECTIVES

There are several product objectives that need to achieve in our product. The

product objectives are as follow:

1) To improve the current design of UVC light sterilizer by considering the

ergonomic aspects.

2) To use low dose and suitable duration per use to sanitize product that provide

effective inactivation of a bacteria or virus.

3) To improve the current sanitizer by applying some ergonomic aspects.

 7

1.4 PROJECT SWOT ANALYSIS

SWOT analysis is a strategic planning technique to help a person or

organization identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats related to

project planning.

This technique is designed for use in the preliminary stages of decision-

making processes and can be used as a tool of evaluation. It is intended to specify

the objectives of the project and identify the internal and external factors that are

favorable and unfavorable to achieving those objectives.

Strengths 1. Sterilize 5-6 pocket items in one time (time-reducing)

2. Portable
3. Good appearance

Weakness 1. Need more time to sterilize more items..

2. Only can sterilize small items.

Opportunities 1. A long life use product as we are all surrounded with bacteria.
2. Fit in building interior design.

Threats 1. More advanced product in future.

2. People tend to not really care about hygiene in endemic
period.

Table 1.4: SWOT Analysis

 8

CHAPTER 2

FEASIBILITY STUDIES

2.1 FEASIBILITY STUDY

Feasibility Study is an assessment of the practicality of a proposed project or

system. The feasibility study concluded that the project would be able to be

implemented to success as it was carefully planned. Feasibility study can be divided

into two which is the primary and secondary sources.

Interview
Primary Sources
Questionnaire

Feasibility Studies
Internet

Secondary Sources Newspaper

Magazines

Diagram 2.1: Feasibility Studies

The history of studying UVC as a way to kill bacteria and other organisms

dates back to as early as 1845, when it became known that microorganisms respond

to light.

However, it was in 1877, when it is observed that exposing test tubes

containing Pasteur’s solution to sunlight prevented the growth of microorganisms

 9

inside the tube and upon increased exposure duration, the test tube remain bacteria-

free for several months.

These early investigations pointed to key factors that influence ultraviolet

germicidal irradiation (UVGI):

 Inactivation of a given fraction of organisms is dependent on the dose of

radiation received.

 Dose is the product of intensity and exposure duration.

 Inactivation is also dependant on the wavelength of received radiation.

These early findings laid the foundation for further research and scientific data

on UVC disinfection.
 10

2.2 BRAINSTORMING

Brainstorming is a group discussion used to generate idea spontaneously to

solve the problem or to find a solution. Given the problem of current product major

drawbacks, we conducted a brainstorming session before proceed to our feasibility

studies to grasp the first visual of our UVC Light Sterilizer.

A device that use UVC as its Mechanical: Open and

sterilizing mechanism. Make it Close door.

portable and user friendly. The Electrical: UVC light,

design is home/office-friendly. display timer, and door

lock.

Product can’t sanitize

chemically:-
UVC Light Sterilizer
- Handphone
- Cash
- Jewellery
Outer Body: sheet metal - Mask
fabrication or 3D printing. Use - Powerbank
PLA or ABS for 3D printing. - Makeup
Inner Body: Surround - Documents
aluminium tape to reflect UVC

UVC Safety: Always

Exposure Time protect the eyes and skin
(5cm) (15cm) from exposed to the UVC.
5W - 5 minutes 5W - 57 minutes Effect: Can cause
15W - 2minutes 15W - 17 minutes redness and skin aging.
25W - 1minutes 25W - 11 minutes Also can damage the
35W - 55seconds 35W - 8 minutes eyes if exposed too long.

Diagram 2.2: Brainstorming

 11

2.3 MIND MAPPING

Mind mapping is used to visualize information in an organized order. It shows

the relationship between the pieces as a whole. We use the concept of 5W1H

Question to see the details in an organized way.

UVC Light Sterilizer

What How
Why

When Where

When have Can place it in

items that want house, office or
to sterilize after public places
it is exposed to like surau.
environment.

A sterilization To sterilize items Easily place

device that use your items
UVC as its that cannot be inside the
sterilizing sterilized device. Set the
mechanism. Have a timer
door lock as safety chemically. afterwards and
feature to ensure wait until it is
safety from being done sterilizing.
exposed to kids.

Diagram 2.3: 5W1H

 12

2.4 PRIMARY SOURCES

Primary data is information that you collect specifically for the purpose of your

research project. An advantage of primary data is that it is specifically tailored to your

research needs. Primary data is very important as they remains the originality of that

certain info. Example of primary sources are as below:

1. Interview

2. Observation

3. Action research

4. Case studies

5. Life histories

6. Questionnaires

7. Ethnographic research

8. Experiments
 13

2.4.1 INTERVIEW

We have conducted several interviews for us to gain more information

regarding our product, UVC Light Sterilizer. Interview was done by interviewing many

groups of people from students to officer. This to see wider perspective as our

product is friendly for all groups of people. Interview was done by online and offline

interview session.

The interviews are stated in the following pages:

i. Appendix A: Interviews

The summary of the interviews get us to the point that we have finalized our selected

material which is PLA. PLA is material that are used in 3D printing. We also choose

3D printing as our manufacturing process as it is low in budget even though a bit time

consuming. All the Arduino features that we have been discussed with the

interviewee were really helpful as we only choose the best and must feature that a

UVC Light Sterilizer need. We also have encountered user’s problem in managing

their item’s hygiene. We discovered what their items that they find difficult to

sanitized. In conclusion, the interviews really helps us in selecting and managing for

our product.
 14

2.4.2 QUESTIONNAIRES

Questionnaire is a method of observation or data gathering method that is used

to collect, analyze and interpret the view of sample from a population. In order to find

the information on UVC light Sterilizer, we administer the questionnaire.

The questionnaire consists of 15 questions which is divided into two types of

questions, which is, open ended and close ended question. The questionnaire were

answered by 53 respondents.

The questionnaire set of question are as stated in the following pages:

i. Appendix B: Questionnaires

The summary consists of all the data analyze through the questionnaires. The data

collected has been visualized in chart and graph for better understanding in terms of

sampling.
 15

2.5 SECONDARY SOURCES

A secondary sources is a document or recording that relates or discusses

information originally presented elsewhere. A secondary source contrasts with a

primary source, which is an original source of the information being discussed.

Secondary source involve generalization, analysis, synthesis, interpretation, or

evaluation of the original information.

Secondary sources include:

 Books

 Encyclopedia

 Biography

 Newspapers

 Referencing other forms of research and using quotes

The benefits of secondary sources include:

 Save time and money.

 May provide information and access to historical data.

 May be used to prove or disprove an argument or theory.

 May be used to offer general background information.

 Can be used to set the scene of the research and its findings.

 May be useful for putting the research into context.

 16

2.5.1 MARKET RESEARCH

Market research is the activity of gathering information from all perspective. The

purpose of market research is to invent the UVC Light Sterilizer that satisfies

consumer’s needs and preferences. Comparisons are made based on existing UVC

light sterilizer in the market. Three types of UVC light sterilizer were chosen as

reference or product benchmark.

Properties Competitors Listing

Product

Company SSODD THAIHOO SUPERMAMA PhoneSoap LETORS

Product UV UV Ozone UV House HomeSoap UV Sanitizer

Name Cabinet Sterilizer UV Box
Sanitizer

Power Power Power Power Supply Power Power

Source Supply Supply Supply Supply

Product 42x36x53 34x22x24 40x35x55 30x37x60 26x24x25

Size (cm)

Capacity 60L 25L 60L 15L 20L

Product Large Easy to No installation Compact Portable

Benefits capacity carried on needed design,
Small size

Sterilization 15 15 minutes 20 minutes 8 minutes 5 minutes

Time minutes

Target Indoor Home, Breastfeeding Home, Breastfeding

Market usage Office mom Office mom

Product RM826.00 RM786.00 RM690.00 RM945.00 RM543.00

Price

Table 2.5.1: Market Research

 17

2.5.2 USER RESEARCH

User research focuses on user habit or the understanding of user behavior

when using a product. In designing a user friendly product, understanding the user

need and product aftermath should be taken seriously. The findings are as follow :

Type Problem Solving Method

Material Most user want it to be portable Use a light material that will be
and user friendly. The material easy for user to carry. PLA in
selection need to be right for 3D printing is the best choice
portability. as it is not weight consuming.
Instead of using steel that will
cause not portability for user.

The color scheme also play a
big role in attractiveness of a
product.
PLA also come in various raw
material color as it will cause in
smaller budget that we don’t
have to buy any addition for
painting finishing.

Features Consumer wants more features We only put three main

that user friendly so the features that we think is the
product get the eye attention. best and important. We put
Timer, Door Lock, and UVC.

Safety UVC are not safe for eyes and
skin as it will damage the part
body. UVC also need to be
avoid from kids that they don’t
know how to manage the UVC.
We add door lock features in
our product as the safety. It
requires pass code so that it
will only be unlock by the
adults that are managing the
product.

Table 2.5.2: User Research

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2.5.3 ENGINEERING & MANUFACTURING RESEARCH

MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

Below is the list of material that are needed for UVC Light Sterilizer:

List of Raw Material

No Raw Material Specification Qty

1 Non-Stick Cooling Rack 25 x 40.5cm, 260g 2
2 Filament PLA 2.85mm, 1kg 2
Color: White
3 Aluminium Foil Tape Width: 5cm, Length: 5m 2
4 Perspex Transparent, 2
Thickness: 1.5mm, Size: A3
(30x40cm)

Table 2.5.3.1: Raw Material Listing

List of Standard Part

No Standard Part Specification Qty

1 Hinge Size: 1” 6
2 Screw Type: Flat Head, Drive: Slotted 28
3 Rubber Pad 4.5 x 4.5cm 12
4 Sand Paper Grit: 1000 1
5 Sand Paper Grit: 600 1
6 Sand Paper Grit: 180 1
7 Samurai Spray Paint Color: Sugar Cane, Code: 7, 1
400ml
8 Samurai Spray Paint Color: Royal Ivory, Code: 6, 1
400ml
9 Samurai Spray Paint Color: Artic White, Code: 5, 1
400ml
10 Samurai Spray Paint Color: Clear, Code: 128, 1
400ml
11 Samurai Spray Top Coat Plastic Primer 1
12 Perspex Cutter 1
13 Recessed Holder 128mm, Thickness: 2mm 4

Table 2.5.3.2: Standard Part Listing

List of Electrical Part

No Electrical Part Specification Qty

1 UVC Lamp 11W 1
2 Neodymium Magnet Diameter: 5mm 6
Thickness: 1mm

Table 2.5.3.3: Electrical Parts Listing

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2.5.4 DESIGN CRITERIA

Design criteria are the explicit goals that a project must achieve in order to be

successful. Primary criteria are those that constitute a successful project. The project

will be unsuccessful if it does not meet these goals. Secondary criteria are those

features that are highly desirable but not absolutely essential.

2.5.4.1 PRIMARY CRITERIA

1. Ergonomic

It is essential in take a serious part in ergonomic feature as it work with the

human essential. We make the product are ergonomic in design aspect that

meet the human essential criteria.

2. Efficiency

Efficiency in producing a product are really a must as the product will be less

attractive if it is not efficient. The efficiency in our product is in ability to work as a

good sterilizer with all the features.

3. Safety

A product really required a safety features as a safe step for the consumer to

use it. In our product, we add door lock as the safety feature to prevent the kids

from easily operate the sterilizer as UVC light are harmful if not operate properly.

4. Rigid Structure

Rigid structure is the ability to not bend and stay in shape. This for the product to

not easily break and have a long lifetime. Long lifetime will give good review to

consumer.
 20

5. Easy to use

All the features added to the product need to be consider in the easiness of

using from the consumer perspective. We want to make it easy for the consumer

as not all consumer will understand the same of the use of the features.

2.5.4.2 SECONDARY CRITERIA

1. Easy to manufacture

To manufacture a product, we need to look in all aspects as all process

require costing. We choose the best manufacturing way which is 3D printing

as it low in cost and easy to produce.

2. Portability

Not all product need to be portable. It depends on target market. In our

design, we make it portable as it will be easier for consumer to bring it

anywhere with the suitable size of our product. The weight that produced from

the 3D printing are also make it allowable for it to be portable.

3. Feasibility

This is the capable of being done or carried out. This need to consider in

manufacturing, material selection, consumer using. We find this criteria

important because the product need to be able to manufacture in order to be

a complete product.
 21

CHAPTER 3

PROJECT METHODOLOGY FRAMEWORK

3.0 INTRODUCTION

Project methodology is one of the fundamental things of a project since it

outlines the entire reason on why we make the project. Essentially, a methodology is

a collection of methods, practices, processes, techniques, procedures and rules. In

project management, methodologies are specific, strict, and usually contain a series

of steps and activities for each phase of the project life cycle.

Planning

Maintenance Design

Verification Implement

Analysis

Diagram 3.0: Project Methodology

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3.1 IDEA & CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

Idea and concept development is where we cover the process of designing

starting from idea generation to concept development of product. All of these
portrayed the idea generated from each of our group member regarding our choice of
product.

Idea 1: Nurul Anis Hidayah binti Muhamed Rafaizul

The characteristic for this idea is the whole body is made from Mild Steel and
to be joined with welding. It has 2-storey for the storage which use steel grill for user
to put their pocket items. This idea comes with door lock, timer and light intensity
control.

Idea 2: Ammar Areef bin Baharun

This product’s concept is horizontal sliding mechanism, which means the UVC
lamp will be placed below the slide and will operate when the slide is closed. The
design is likely to be similar to CPU gaming case. It can also contain a large number
of items due to the products size, and equipped with a two-storey.
 23

Idea 3: Muhammad Asyraf bin Ismail

The distinguishing feature of this idea is that the whole body is constructed of
mild steel, with the outer layer of the product being made of wood. It has the ability to
modify the shape of the product to two different types that can open the wings to
expand on each surface of the room and close the gap between each wing to form a
box. The concept is augmented with magnets, top doors with timer and light intensity
control.

Idea 4: Muhammad Zhafran bin Zainuddin

The idea was inspired by the ‘bee’s nest’ as the body parts with its hexagonal

shape. It is built with a 1000 mAh battery capacity which it can sterilize the items and

charge the device at the same time. The small size of this concept makes it portable

for user to bring it along everywhere.

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3.2 SCORING & SCREENING

Concept scoring and concept screening were completed to decide which

designs should be considered or improved upon. The first method used was concept

screening, which only involves comparing each design to the original. The ones that

received a better or equal score to the reference were further considered in concept

scoring.

After concept screening, a decision was made to take three of the four designs

into the concept scoring phase. Concept scoring is an improved and more detailed

version of concept screening.

3.2.1 CONCEPT SCREENING

Selection A B C D E
Criteria (Reference) (Anis) (Asyraf) (Zhafran) (Ammar)

Ergonomic 0 0 - 0 -
Rigid 0 0 0 0 0
Structure
Easy to use 0 + + + 0
Portability 0 0 - + -
Feasibility 0 + 0 0 +
Easy to 0 - - + 0
Manufacture
Stability 0 0 0 0 0
Efficiency 0 + + - 0
Safety 0 + - - 0

Sum +’s 0 4 2 3 1
Sum 0’s 9 4 3 4 6
Sum -’s 0 1 4 2 2

Net score 0 3 -2 1 -1
Rank 3 1 5 2 4
Continue YES YES NO YES NO

Table 3.2.1: Concept Screening

 25

3.2.2 CONCEPT SCORING

A B C D E
(Reference) (Anis) (Asyraf) (Zhafran) (Ammar)

Selection Weig Ratin Weight Ratin Weight Ratin Weight Ratin Weight Ratin Weight
Criteria ht g Score g Score g Score g Score g Score

Ergonomic 15% 3 0.45 3 0.45 1 0.1 1 0.1 1 0.1

Rigid 10% 3 0.3 3 0.3 3 0.3 3 0.3 3 0.3

Structure

Manufactur 10% 3 0.3 2 0.2 2 0.2 5 0.5 3 0.3

ability

Easy to 20% 3 0.6 4 0.8 5 0.5 4 0.8 3 0.3

use

Portability 5% 3 0.15 3 0.15 2 0.1 4 0.2 2 0.1

Feasibility 5% 3 0.15 4 0.2 3 0.15 3 0.15 4 0.2

Stability 10% 3 0.3 3 0.3 3 0.3 3 0.3 3 0.3

Efficiency 10% 3 0.3 5 0.5 4 0.4 2 0.2 3 0.3

Safety 15% 3 0.45 5 0.75 2 0.3 2 0.3 3 0.45

Total 100 27 3 32 3.65 25 2.35 27 2.85 25 2.35

Score %

Continue? YES YES NO YES, BUT NO

IMPROVE

Table 3.2.2: Concept Scoring

No Relative Performance Rating

1 Much worse than reference 1
2 Worse than reference 2
3 Same as reference 3
4 Better than reference 4
5 Much better than reference 5

Table 3.2.2.1: Relative Performance

 26

3.3 FINAL DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Below is the final design development for our product. The idea of design was

developed from Idea Anis and Idea Zhafran with the combination from other idea

features and design. The selection of ideas were from the result of scoring and

screening concept.

Figure 3.3: Final Design Development

The final design sketches, thumbnail and idea concept development can be viewed

in details as stated in the following pages :-

i. Appendix C: Idea & Concept Development

 27

3.4 3D MODELLING & TECHNICAL DRAWING

Figure 3.4 : Product Technical Drawing

All technical drawings can be viewed in details in the following pages :-

i. Appendix D: Product Technical Drawing

For the animations, we have uploaded it on YouTube. It can be viewed on the link

stated below :-

i. Product Animation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDnA7_BBS9Y

ii. Assembly Animation : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OIkxbkEzYT0

iii. Exploded Animation : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5v0Y7jvuZaQ

 28

3.5 ERGONOMIC

Ergonomic is the best scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of

interactions among human and elements of a system, and the profession that applies

theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being

and overall system performance. The purpose of ergonomic is tolerable and comfort,

acceptable condition and lastly for optimal condition. With this purpose of ergonomics,

a person lifts objects that are easy to carry or easy to lift. So, we have conduct

ergonomic was done by using CATIA V5 R18.

3.5.1 ANTHROPOMETRY DATA

Based on the option given by CATIA V5 R18, the precentile chosen is 50% in

which the height of manikin is about 170 cm. this percentile is chosen to ensure that

most people in the population of korea was chosen due to representation of Asian

people. Gender chosen was male and female because the most among them can lift

simple objects that have support on the side such as the handle.

Figure 3.5.1 Manikin Configuration

 29

3.5.2 ANTHROPOMETRY – MANIKIN & PRODUCT

Isometric View Front View Side View Top View

For the height level of the product is the suitability on a person carrying the product
such as the level of the abdomen or waist while walking for example in the isometry
diagram.

Walking/Moving Putting Down/Manual Lifting Holding

 30

3.6 PROJECT COSTING

3.6.1 DIRECT, INDIRECT, AND TOTAL COST

3.6.1.1 DIRECT COST
3.6.1.1.1 DIRECT MATERIAL

COSTING OF RAW MATERIALS

No Raw Material Specification Qty Price/units Total

1 Non-Stick Cooling 25 x 40.5cm, 2 RM8.70 RM17.40
Rack 260g
2 Filament PLA 2.85mm, 1kg 2 RM60.00 RM120.00
Color: White
3 Aluminium Foil Tape Width: 5cm, 2 RM15.20 RM30.40
Length: 5m
4 Perspex Transparent, 2 RM14.50 RM29.00
Size:
30x40cmx1.5mm
TOTAL RM196.80

Table 3.6.1.1.1: Costing of Raw Materials

COSTING OF STANDARD PARTS

No Standard Part Specification Qty Price/units Total

1 Hinge Size: 1” 6 RM0.60 RM3.60
2 Screw Type: Flat Head, 28 RM1.00 RM1.00
Drive: Slotted
3 Rubber Pad 4.5 x 4.5cm 12 RM6.10 RM6.10
4 Sand Paper Grit: 1000 1 RM2.00 RM2.00
5 Sand Paper Grit: 600 1 RM0.60 RM0.60
6 Sand Paper Grit: 180 1 RM0.60 RM0.60
7 Samurai Spray Paint Color: Sugar 1 RM9.00 RM9.00
Cane, Code: 7,
400ml
8 Samurai Spray Paint Color: Royal 1 RM8.00 RM8.00
Ivory, Code: 6,
400ml
9 Samurai Spray Paint Color: Artic 1 RM9.00 RM9.00
White, Code: 5,
400ml
10 Samurai Spray Paint Color: Clear, 1 RM9.50 RM9.50
Code: 128,
400ml
11 Samurai Spray Plastic Primer 1 RM25.90 RM25.90
Coating
12 Perspex Cutter 1 RM15.50 RM15.50
13 Recessed Holder 128mm, 4 RM9.05 RM36.20
Thickness: 2mm
TOTAL RM127.00

Table 3.6.1.1.2: Costing of Standard Parts

 31

COSTING OF ELECTRICAL PARTS

No Electrical Part Specification Qty Price/units Total

1 UVC Lamp 7W 1 RM50.00 RM50.00
2 Neodymium Magnet Diameter: 5mm 6 RM3.00 RM18.00
Thickness: 1mm
TOTAL RM68.00

Table 3.6.1.1.3: Costing of Electrical Parts

Total Direct Material = Raw Materials + Standard Parts + Electrical Parts

= RM 391.80

3.6.1.2 DIRECT LABOUR

We assume that the labour cost for our product making are as follow:

No Position Qty Labour Cost Total Hours Total

per Hour per Month
1 Operator 4 RM3.00 80 RM240.00
TOTAL RM960.00

Table 3.5.1.2 : Direct Labour

3.6.1.3 DIRECT EXPENSES

The expenses for our FYP includes as in table below:

No Machining/Fabrication Type Cost Per Total Hour Total Cost

Hour
CAD Design and RM35 10 RM350
checking .STL Files
Post processing & finishing RM25 5 RM125
Trial & Testing RM30 3 RM90
TOTAL RM565

Table 3.6.1.3: Direct Expenses

 32

3.6.1.4 TOTAL DIRECT COST

Therefore, the total direct cost is RM1916.80
Total Direct Cost = Direct Material + Direct Labour + Direct Expenses
= RM 1916.80

We conclude that our project direct cost is the variable cost.

Hence, the variable cost is RM 1916.80.

3.6.1.2 INDIRECT COST

The indirect cost such as administration cost, marketing, rent etc are assumed to be
20 - 30% of the direct cost.

Total Indirect Cost = 25% x Direct Cost

= 25% x RM 1916.80
= RM 479.20

We assumed that our project indirect cost is the fixed cost.

Hence, the fixed cost is RM 479.20 .

3.6.1.3 TOTAL COST

Therefore, the total cost for our FYP is RM. The details of the calculation are as
follows:

Direct Cost RM 1916.80

Indirect Cost RM 479.20
Total Cost RM 2396.00

Table 3.6.1.3 : Total Cost

 33

3.6.2 FIXED AND VARIABLE COST

3.6.1 FIXED COST
We assumed that our project indirect cost is the fixed cost.

Hence, the fixed cost is RM 479.20 .

3.6.2 VARIABLE COST

We conclude that our project direct cost is the variable cost.

Hence, the variable cost is RM 1916.80.

 34

3.6.3 BREAK-EVEN OUTPUT AND BREAK-EVEN ANALYSIS

3.6.3.1 BREAK-EVEN ANALYSIS

Based on the costing prepare above, the elements of costing listed below

1. Total Cost = RM2396.00

2. Total Fixed Cost = RM479.20
3. Total Variable Cost = RM1916.80
4. Selling Price per Unit = RM672.30

3.6.3.2 BREAK-EVEN QUANTITY

BEPq = Fixed Cost

Selling Price per Unit - Variable Cost per Unit
= RM479.20
RM672.30 - RM1916.80
= 0.99 unit
Table 3.6.3.2: Break-even Quantity
3.5.3.3 BREAK-EVEN SALES

BEPs = BEPq × Selling Price per Unit

= 0.99 × RM672.30
= RM2376.00
Table 3.6.3.3: Break-even Sales
3.6.3.4 BREAK-EVEN CHART

TC =
RM2396.00

RM221 V
0 C

RM479.20
F
C
0.99 unit

Diagram 3.6.3.4: Break-even Chart

 35

CHAPTER 4
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 CONTINGENCY PLAN

A contingency plan is a course of action designed to help an organization

respond effectively to a significant future crisis or situation that may or may not
happen. A contingency plan is sometimes referred to as "Plan B," because it can be
also used as an alternative for action if expected results fail to materialize.
Contingency planning is a component of business continuity, disaster
recovery and risk management.

No Risk Probability Preparation Response

1 3D printer can’t Low Identify other Consider to use sheet
consider the methods of metal fabrication based
product sizing. fabrication that on strength, properties,
suitable for the and capability.
product.
2 Limited High Identify other Consider to use ABS
material for 3D materials suitable plastic because easy to
printing due to for producing the find and also suitable for
MCO. product. another choice of
material for the product.
3 Limited time of Medium Prepare the material Ensure all materials are
manufacturing of the product first. ready to avoid waste of
due to MCO. time waiting for
materials to arrive.
4 Storage space Medium Develop another Consider to use other
is quite small. design of the design of the product to
product. maximizing the
product’s capacity.
5 PLA is not Low Identify other Consider to use ABS
strong enough materials suitable plastic that can
for for producing the accommodate the
manufacturing product. weight of storage

Table 4.1: Contingency Plan

 36

4.2 PROCESS PLAN

In ensuring that the fabrication are done according to plan, process plan is
prepared for each of the process involved. Process plan is a document that states
the sequence or step-by-step of a producing a part for the product. This plan will
become a reference for fabrication process to increase the efficiency and control the
time consumed. It is divided into two, process plan for overall project and for each of
the component that is fabricated.

4.2.1 PROCESS PLAN

Diagram 4.2.1: Block Diagram Flow Chart

 37

4.2.2 PROCESS PLAN FLOW FOR BODY FRAME

Setup all material that is

going to be used

NO
Measure of size, quantity
and type of raw material
Re-order material
from supplier
Proceed to 3D CAD
YES based on product design

CAD must be save STL

file format for the CURA

Process to make G code

at CURA Ultimaker

Insert the G code into the NO

FDM machine process
Check Ultimaker

FDM process machine in good

Manufacturing a product condition

Remove burr, rough

YES
parts and using
sandpaper.

Using spray coating for a

smooth surface the
product

Diagram 4.2.2: Process Plan Flow for Body Frame

 38

4.2.3 PROCESS PLAN FLOW FOR GRILL

Setup all the material to be

used

NO
Check the surface on the
aluminium grill
Re-order the
aluminium from
supplier Proceed the bending
machine on the drawing
YES

Check the rod Aluminium in

the bending area surface

NO
Check the angle of the
bending area
Proceed to bending
machine again until
angle required
Attach the part into the
achieved
product

YES

Diagram 4.2.3: Process Plan Flow for Aluminium Grill

 39

4.2.5 POST PROCESSING

Setup all parts that need

to be assembled

Deburr all sharp edges

Spray coating the body

part one layer

NO
Attach all electronic parts

Add second layer of

coating to give better
surface finish
Run on the sterilizer
YES

Diagram 4.2.5: Post Processing

 40

4.3 QUALITY PLAN

Quality plan is a set of activities planned at the beginning of the project that
helps achieve quality if the project is being executed. The purpose of the quality plan
is to define these activities or tasks that intend to deliver product while focusing on
achieving customer quality expectations. These activities and tasks are defined on
the basic of the quality standard set by the organization delivering the product.

For our Final Year Project (FYP), we as part of the organization for this project
take the quality plan a compulsory in order to successfully achieve FYP objectives.
Our main target is to ensure that our project has the maximum product quality that
can be produced.

No Inspection Tools Remarks

1 Incoming raw material inspection Vernier calliper Make sure raw material’s
dimension is correct
2 Incoming electrical parts Multimeter Ensure all electrical parts
inspection are functioning.
3 Dimension of body parts Vernier calliper All parts must follow the
drawing dimension
provided.
4 Sharp edges or burr on body Sand paper Remove all sharp edges
parts and burr to achieve a
smooth surface

Table 4.3: Quality Plan

 41

4.4 PROJECT SCHEDULE

4.4.1 FYP1 PROJECT SCHEDULE

Project schedule is a mechanism to communicate what tasks need to get done

and which organizational resources will be allocated to complete those tasks in what
timeframe. A project schedule is a document collecting all the work needed to deliver
the project on time. The schedule identifies when major project milestones are
expected to occur and when each project task is expected to begin and end. We
utilize this project schedule to track advance and to organize the trade of materials
and data between individual.

The objective in this chapter is to manage properly planning the project, to

estimate the duration and when to complete the project and to distribute the job and
task arrangement. Table below showed the FYP 1 Project Schedule with the
deadline set by German-Malaysian Institute (GMi).

No Activity/Assignment Deadlines Scope

1 FYP 1 Briefing Wednesday, 3/2/2021 All
2 Project Registration Wednesday, 10/2/2021 Individual
(TW3)
3 Product Research Report Friday, 26/2/2021 (TW5) Group
4 Idea & Concept Development Friday, 12/3/2021 (TW7) Individual
5 Final Design Development Friday, 26/3/2021 (TW9) Group
6 3D Modelling & Technical Friday, 9/4/2021 (TW11) Group
Drawing
7 Mock-Up Scale Friday, 23/4/2021 (TW13) Group
8 Project Budget & Scheduling Friday, 23/4/2021 (TW13) Group
9 FYP 1 Internal Presentation 16 - 17/6/2021 (TW15) Group
10 Design Review Presentation 24 - 28/6/2021 (TW17) Group
11 Design Report Friday, 4/7/2021 (TW18) Group/Individual
12 Procurement of Material Friday, 11/7/2021 (RW) Group

Table 4.4.1: FYP 1 Project Schedule

 42

4.4.2 FYP2 PROJECT SCHEDULE

The table below showed the FYP2 project schedule complete with planned the
deadline.

No Activity/Assignment Deadlines Scope

1 Project Briefing Thursday, 29/7/2021 (TW1) All
2 Final Project Design Monday, 16/8/2021 (TW4) Group
3 Write Up Wednesday, 8/9/2021 (TW7) Group
4 FYP Draft Report (Chapter 1 - 3) Friday, 17/9/2021 (TW8) Group
5 Presentation Draft Friday, 15/10/2021 (TW11) Group
6 Project Fabrication Thursday, 18/11/2021 (TW14) Individual
8 FYP2 Final Draft Report Monday, 29/11/2021 (TW16) Group
(Chapter 1 - 6)
9 FYP2 Internal Presentation Wednesday, 1/12/2021 (TW16) All
10 FYP2 External Presentation Monday, 3/1/2022 (TW18) All
11 FYP2 Final Report (Hard Cover) Wednesday, 5/1/2022 (TW18) All

Table 4.4.2 : FYP2 Project Schedule

 43

4.4.3 WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE

All the tasks/activities of FYP1 and FYP2 project title are arranged as work
breakdown structure below,

1.0 UVC Light Sterilizer

1.1 Initiation 1.2 Planning 1.3 Execution 1.4 Closure

Internal
Brainstorming Budget Planning Mock-Up Scale
Presentation

Procurement of External
Ideation 2D/3D Design
Material Presentation

Interview & Construct Actual Product

Schedule Planning
Questionnaire Product Demonstration

Product Research Contingency Plan Product Testing Group Release

Market Research Process Plan Data Collection

User Research Quality Plan

Product Benchmark

Diagram 4.4.3 : Work Breakdown Structure

 44

CHAPTER 5
FINDINGS & ANALYSIS

5.1 PRODUCT TESTING

As stated of how crucial product testing is, we have carried out UV Sorge

testing. The testing was done at Block A3 German-Malaysian Institute Hostel on

5.00p.m. The testing was done by our team members.

Figure 5.1 Product Testing

The first testing of the UV Sorge was done for about 10 minutes with placing

10 pocket items. The testing focus on our product’s strength on accommodate many

pocket items being held in one time for a period of time. In result, we observe that the

bottom and top grill supported all the pocket items that being held.

We did some improvement on the grill by tighten it with tape in result it will

hold more pocket items with no failure.

 45

5.2 FINAL PRODUCT TESTING

The final product testing was done at Block A1 German-Malaysian Institute

Hostel on 10.00p.m. The testing was done by on of our team members.

Figure 5.2 Final Product Testing

The purpose of this final product testing is to observe on the duration of

sterilization with different height from the UV light. The testing was done with three
different height which is 5cm, 8cm and 10cm. This to measure which is height the
most suitable height for us to use in our final product.

The result is 5cm took 10 minutes for it completely sterilized followed by 8cm
with 16minutes and 10cm with 30 minutes. In result we can see that 5cm is the most
suitable height for us to use as it only require the shortest duration of sterilization.
 46

5.3 PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED & COUNTERMEASURES

Problems are typically discovered during the product's construction, whether

as a result of material qualities or technical faults during manufacture. To address
these issues, we've made a number of changes to ensure the UVC light sterilizer's
quality and customer satisfaction.

No Problem Encountered Countermeasures

1 Selected idea concept are similar with Brainstorming with the group members
existing product. to redesign concept.

2 Ultimaker 3D printer suddenly broke in Find another alternative to print the

the middle of the printing process. product, e.g TTO

3 Difficulty on deciding the size of the Measure up standard size of the

product. similar product in market and
compare.

4 Unable to conduct many interviews Interviews are all conducted online via
due to MCO. call and video call.

5 Problem in adding suitable safety Research on most common problem

features to the product. consumer faced while operating UVC
Light Sterilizer and decide which
safety feature need to be add.

6 Problem encountered in producing Produce mockup using digital mockup

mockup due to MCO. via 3DS Max.

Table 5.1: Problem Encountered & Countermeasures

 47

CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION

6.1 CONCLUSION

Conclusion is the whole summary of a project research and development.

Objectives were the aims that we targeted to achieve in our product hence taking

actions towards the goals that needed to succeed in this project. Given the objectives

of our project, the conclusion are as follows.

In conclusion, we believe that our objectives in designing a UVC Light

Sterilizer has been achieved. We improved the current design of sterilizer by

considering all the ergonomic aspects and improving the features that a sterilizer

needs. The reason is to promote good hygiene to consumer and to reduce the risk of

spreading of virus.

In addition, we solved all the problem statements stated In order to achieved

the best sterilizer. The lack of use of hand sanitizer nowadays make it as a good

reason for our sterilizer to be marketed. Our sterilizer also will help in sterilizing all

items that cannot be sterilized chemically.

 48

6.2 RECOMMENDATION

In the future for our product, we have branched out a few modifications and

improvements to be made to our product.

No Features Recommendations

1 Design The design for UVC Light Sterilizer

need to improve following the current
design criteria in market. All the
ergonomics and design guidelines
must allign with current design
recommendation.

Consider to change the shape into

more futuristic looks and different
concept.

2 Features We will manage to add more features

in the future such as auto open/close
door, the UVC lamp exposure rate and
auto ON when a item is place inside
the product. This will make our product
look futuristic.

3 Size The size need to be bigger as more

items can fit and results in time
reducing of sterilization of many items.
This also allow more item to be stored
in the product.

4 Material Handling We suggest to add material handling

features, holder for both side of our
product as easiness for consumer to
handle/carry our product from A to B.

Table 6.2: Recommendations

 49

REFERENCES

1. Jill Seladi. October 22, 2020. Can UV Light Kill the new Coronavirus? US &

Canada: Cameron White, MD.

2. Matt Berger. August 4, 2020. How the Coronavirus Spread Indoors and What Can

Be Done With It. New Delhi: Dana K. Cassell.

3. Jeladi-Schulman. April 29, 2020. How Long Does the Coronavirus Lives on

Different Surfaces? Canada: Meredith Goodwin.

4. Violet Defense. September 7, 2017. UV Lights for Disinfection. United States:

healthline.com

5. Zaria Gorvett. April 24, 2020. Can You Kill Coronavirus with UV Light? US &

Canada: bbc.com
 50

APPENDIX A
INTERVIEW

Online Session
Student Data Template
Interviewee: Interviewer:
Rosli @ Jefri bin
Nurul Anis Hidayah
Mohamad
Date: 10/4/2021
Question Statement
1. What do you think about A good innovation as there
placing a UVC Light are many items in this
Sterilizer in your house? house that need to be
sterilized. Also I find it
opening my eyes that I
need to start take serious
on sterilizing
2. How do you picture the A minimalist design
design of sterilizer that sounds nice. I also prefer
suits with the home it not be too big or too
environment? small as it will look better
with the home
environment.
3. Is there any items that I would say that my
you concern on sterilizing personal items like keys,
it? phone and others. Since I
never thought of sterilizing
it, so it would be great to
have this sterilizing device
for me.
51
Interpreted Need
It is a good idea in
replacing the UVC Light
Sterilizer for home usage
as there many items that
need to be sterilized.
We need to design the
sterilizer to fit with the
home usage or any other
places. It need to
acceptable when
consumer sees it.
We are going to design a
sterilizer for personalized
items as we want our
design to be portable and
easy for the consumer.

Online Session
Student Data Template
Interviewee:
Suzanawati binti Fadzli
Question
1. In your opinion, what is
the best material that we
can use to produce this
sterilizer?
2. Do you think 3D printing
has a rigid structure?
3. What do you think about
the size of our product?
Interviewer:
Nurul Anis Hidayah
Date: 10/4/2021
Statement
It can be from sheet metal,
plastic moulding or 3D
printing. It depends on the
design that you are going
to create. But I would
prefer to use 3D printing
as it is low cost.
Yes if you format the STL
printing with 100%
coverage. I suggest you to
add other materials on
your device such as wood
working or plastic
moulding to give more
looks on it.
I prefer it to be portable for
me to bring along anytime
I want to. Portable doesn’t
mean it to be small, but
allowable to bring along.
52
Interpreted Need
We can see that we need
to choose the best
material in order to
produce or product.
We will give a little bit
more attention in
additional material to
make it look more
interesting. We like the
concept of wood working
here.
We will design a suitable
size for it to be portable
and suitable for home
usage too.
 53

Online Session
Student Data Template
Interviewee: Interviewer:
Nur Hazirah binti Ismail
Muhammad Asyraf

Date: 15/4/2021

Question Statement Interpreted Need

1. What features that you I like the features of timer We will add timer feature
preferred in a sterilizer? where we can easily set so it will be easy to set the
the timing for sterilizing. sterilizing timing.

2. What safety features In this case, the kids are
that you want and concerning so I want it to
preferred to put on our have a door lock where
sterilizer? kids can’t easily open and
operate the sterilizer.
We also think door lock
need to be done in our
product. We will attach it in
the form of Arduino.

3. Do you think in Yes. Arduino really need We will working with

attaching Arduino to be in your product since Arduino as it will make our
features, our product will you are working with product more interesting.
be more interesting? sterilizing mechanism
unless you are doing it
manually.
 54

APPENDIX B
QUESTIONNAIRE
 55

Figure B1: Job field of respondents

From the pie chart shown above, we can conclude that the majority of job field
that answered the questionnaire is an office worker where leading with 32.1%. While
following in lead is engineers with 11.3% and students with 7.5%.

Figure B2: Personal hygiene of respondents

From the bar chart shown above, most of the respondents find personal hygiene
really important where there are 48 respondents who voted as most important (5).
Leading with second places, 3 respondents think that personal hygiene is important
(4) and lastly 2 respondents voted personal hygiene as neutral (3). From this bar, we
can conclude that people still concern about the personal hygiene and how important
it is to be taken care of.
 56

Figure B3: Respondent’s every day carry item(s)

Based on the table shown above, most of the respondent’s every day carry items
is handphone, wallet/purse and keys. All the items stated were easy to carry and
small. This information helps us in determine the size for our product as it is will
compatible with respondent’s using.

Figure B4: Respondent’s sanitize their every day carry item(s)

From the bar chart shown above, the number of 19 respondents (35.8%) chose
neutral (3) as their often rate of cleaning or sanitizing their every day carry items.
Leading with 13 respondents (24.5%) chose very least often (1). From this chart, we
can see that most of the respondents did not clean or sanitize their every day carry
items which is worrying as hygiene is very important.
 57

Figure B5: Respondent’s every day carry item(s)

Based on the table shown above, respondents stated that their every day carry
items are difficult to clean and sanitize. Some of the items are handphone, wallet,
cards.

Figure B6: Respondent’s storage for their every day carry item(s)

From the table shown above, we can conclude that most of the respondents does
not have a proper storage to store their every day items which make the items were
exposed to bacteria and germs.
 58

Figure B7: Respondent’s preference

From the pie chart shown above, most of the respondents prefer UV-light
sanitizing as their way of sanitizing which is 79.2%. Leading with chemical sanitizing
which is less preferred with 20.8% of respondents voting it.

Figure B8: Respondent’s preference

From the pie chart shown above, most of the respondents (88.7%) voted YES as
they agreed that UVC light is useful in sterilizing. The total of 11.3% respondents
voted NO as they think UVC light is not useful in sterilizing.
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Figure B9: Respondent’s preference

Based on bar chart shown above, we divided five section of preference for
respondents in buying a product. The result shown that all the five categories were
voted Neutral (3) as their most preferred.

Figure B12: Respondent’s Preference

From the bar chart shown above, 24 respondents (45.3%) voted 4 (Easy) as their
preference on the easiness of using our product. While leading with 5 (Very Easy)
with a number of 17 (32.1%) votes. The rest of the respondents ; 12 (22.6%) voted 3
(Neutral) as their preferences.
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Figure B13: Respondent’s Preference

Based on the figure shown above, we collect datas of respondent’s preference

in our product that they like and dislike. It is sure that our product can eliminate
bacteria and viruses and keep hygiene for people. Unfortunately, our product might
come to be too expensive for them.

Figure B15: Respondent’s Preference

From the table shown above, the respondents suggest all the improvement to
our product. The improvements goes as they preferred it to be portable. Next, they
preferred the suitable size for home usage. Lastly, they want it to be easy to handle.
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APPENDIX C
IDEA CONCEPT &
DEVELOPMENT
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A. Thumbnails
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B. Idea & Concept Development

Idea: Nurul Anis Hidayah binti Muhamed Rafaizul

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Idea: Ammar Areef bin Baharun

Idea: Muhammad Asyraf bin Ismail

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Idea: Muhammad Zhafran bin Zainuddin

C. Final Idea Development

Final Idea Development

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APPENDIX D
PRODUCT TECHNICAL
DRAWING
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APPENDIX E
PROJECT SCHEDULE &
GANNT CHART
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Figure E1: FYP1 Project Schedule

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Figure E2: FYP2 Project Schedule