GROUP 6

OVERVIEW OF
SPECIAL USES
CITY CODES AND ORDINANCES
CODES GROUP 6

A published body of rules & regulations for

building practices, materials, and installations
designed to protect the public's health,
welfare, and safety.
Established by municipal, state, or federal
authorities usually have the power of the law.
 GROUP 6
HOW ARE THESE CODES ENFORCED?

Local government building officials are the ones who

enforce building codes.
They review design plans, inspect construction work, and
issue permits.
Building officials come out to the site for inspections at
different phases of the project to ensure that the building
is being built according to the code.
 GROUP 6
IMPORTANCE OF CITY CODE

It specifies where buildings can be built, how tall they can

be, how far they can be from the street and neighboring
properties, and so on.
Codes govern how wide streets are, whether or not they
have sidewalks and bike lanes, and everything else that
determines the limits of what's permissible in the built
environment you see every day.
 GROUP 6
HISTORY OF BUILDING CODE

“If a builder builds a

house for someone, and
does not construct it
properly, and the house
which he built falls in and
kills its owner, then that
builder shall be put to
death.”

-Hammurabi
4
 GROUP 6
WHO IS HAMMURABI?
Sixth Amorite king of the Old Babylonian Empire, reigning
from c. 1792 BC to c. 1750 BC.
Known for the Code of Hammurabi, which he claimed was
given to him by Shamash, the Babylonian god of justice.
Unlike earlier Sumerian law codes, such as the Code of Ur-
Nammu, which focused on compensating the victim of the
crime, the Law of Hammurabi was one of the first to
emphasize physical punishment of the perpetrator.
It established the presumption of innocence as one of the
first codes to prescribe specific penalties for each crime.
Although its penalties are harsh by modern standards,
they were designed to limit what a wronged person could
do in retaliation.
HISTORY OF BUILDING CODE GROUP 6

Since at least the Code of Hammurabi in the 18th Century BC,

there have been codes governing the design and construction
of buildings.
Code of Napoleon (18th Century AD) provided for loss
replacement as a sort of insurance policy.
Other codes established rules for materials of systems: the
Lord Mayor of London in 1189 required party walls between
buildings, and the Charlestown General Assembly in 1740
required brick and stone for exterior walls.
OBJECTIVES OF BUILDING CODE GROUP 6

To protect public health and safety by setting a minimum

standard and quality
Codes are to be followed & maintained but are used to be as
basic foundations for quality
Codes do not regulate building performance
Codes do place limitations on design and aesthetics
Building construction is regulated by an impartial authority,
ensures that the interests of all are protected
OBJECTIVES OF BUILDING CODE GROUP 6

Building codes have one major benefit to all:

Liability protection- if a building is designed or constructed
according to code, the building professionals are exposed to
substantially lower liability risk
The building code regulates the following aspects of building
design and construction:
i. Life Safety (e.g handrail dimensions and clearances; stair tread
and riser rations and uniformity)
ii. Fire Safety (e.g fire resistance materials and construction;
smoke protection, means of egress or methods of exiting the
building in the event of an emergency)
OBJECTIVES OF BUILDING CODE GROUP 6

iii. Structural Safety

iv. Health and welfare (e.g lighting, ventilation, sanitation, indoor
climate, noise control)
v. Property protection (e.g safeguarding against loss or
damage; durability of materials)
IMPORTANCE OF BUILDING CODE GROUP 6

They ensure that architects and contractors are making their

structures as safe as possible.
To provide minimum standards to protect the public health,
safety, and general welfare as they relate to the construction
and occupancy of buildings and structures.
Model building codes provide protection from tragedy caused
by fire, structural collapse, and general deterioration.
IMPORTANCE OF BUILDING CODE GROUP 6

These rules specifically call out the standards in all aspects of

the construction of buildings and non-building structures.
Structural standards, the building’s occupancy, types of
wall assemblies, safe egress, type of foundation, floor
assemblies, roof structures/assemblies, stairs and halls,
mechanical, electrical, plumbing, site drainage, lighting,
fixtures standards, occupancy rules, among others.
Fire codes and life safety systems
Requirements for natural disasters such (typhoons,
earthquakes, etc)
CODE EVOLUTION GROUP 6

New editions of the building code come out every 3 to

5 years
Approval is through a political process
Due to the length of review in political processes the
adapted code is often not the most recent edition of
the model building code on which the adopted code is
based.
 GROUP 6

NATIONAL
CODES &
STANDARDS
 GROUP 6

NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF

THE PHILIPPINES (P.D 1096)
It aims to ensure that developers conform to
the implementation of modern technical
knowledge on construction, building design,
occupancy, maintenance, and use.
 GROUP 6

FIRE CODE
OF THE PHILIPPINES (P.D 1185)
It serves as the framework that guides the
BFP in the implementation of the law to
ensure public safety and to promote
economic development through the
prevention and suppression of all kinds of
destructive fires.
 GROUP 6

NATIONAL STRUCTURAL
CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
It is the primary design code that provides
guidance to civil and structural engineers on
the design and evaluation of buildings, and
any other structures.
 GROUP 6

NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE

OF THE PHILIPPINES

The right of the government to regulate the

details of plumbing is based on the principle
of the protection of public health. The basic
goal of the National Plumbing Code of the
Philippines is to ensure the qualified
observance of the latest provision of the
plumbing and environmental laws.
 GROUP 6

ELECTRICAL CODE
OF THE PHILIPPINES
The purpose of the Philippine Electrical
Code is the practical safeguarding of
persons and property from hazards
arising from the use of electricity.
 GROUP 6

ACCESSIBILITY LAW (BP 344)

An Act to Enhance the Mobility of
Disabled Persons by Requiring Certain
Buildings, Institutions, Establishments,
and Other Public Utilities to Install
Facilities and Other Devices.
 GROUP 6

PHILIPPINE
ENVIRONMENTAL CODE
(PD 1152)
This Act makes provision for the protection of the PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1152

environment in a broad sense. Its provisions are PHILIPPINE

divided into Titles, the major part of them ENVIRONMENT CODE
dealing with specific aspects of environment
protection. Title I makes provision with respect
to air and noise pollution.

4
 GROUP 6

PHILIPPINE GREEN
BUILDING CODE

A referral code to the National Building

Code of the Philippines, rallies to lessen the
impacts of buildings to health and the
environment through resource management
efficiency.

4
 GROUP 6

ORDINANCE
ORDINANCE GROUP 6

Ordinance refers to a law passed by a local

government unit.
Ordinances can address anything from local
government structure to speed limits and sign
sizes.
An act adopted by a municipal governing
body having effect only within the jurisdiction
of the municipal government.
 HOW THE ORDINANCE PROCESS WORKS

IDEA

INTRODUCTION

CITY COUNCIL SPECIALIZED COMMITIES

READINGS & PUBLIC HEARINGS

VOTING & ENACTMENT

IMPORTANCE OF ORDINANCE GROUP 6

The majority of ordinances deal with maintaining public health

and safety, zoning, public morals, behavior and general
welfare.
Examples of ordinances would be those related to noise, snow
removal, pet restrictions, and building and zoning regulations,
to name a few.
ZONING ORDINANCE GROUP 6

Zoning ordinances constitute a master plan

for land use within the municipality.
The main types of zoning are industrial,
commercial, residential, and agricultural.
Other types include historic, school, hospital,
and airport zoning.
Zoning attempts to conserve the value of
property and to encourage the most
appropriate use of land throughout a
particular locality.
ZONING ORDINANCE GROUP 6

Zoning ordinances typically delineate

acceptable areas within a town for residential
construction, commercial construction,
industrial construction and agricultural space.
They may also require things like sidewalks,
street lights, crosswalks and bridges.
They might dictate building heights and the
outer appearance of buildings in certain
areas
ZONING GROUP 6

Zoning is the division of a city/municipality into zones or

sub-zones (e.g. commercial, residential, industrial,
institutional, agricultural, forest, etc.) according to present
and potential uses of land to maximize, regulate and direct
their use and development in accordance with the
Comprehensive Land Use Plan.
ZONING GROUP 6

It takes the form of a locally enacted ordinance which

provides, among others, regulations affecting uses allowed
or disallowed in each zone or sub-zone, conditions for
allowing them, and procedures on evaluating deviations.
Concerned primarily with the use of land and the regulation
of development through imposition of building heights, bulk,
open space, and density provisions in a given area.
BENEFITS GROUP 6

Optimized use of land based on, among others, suitability and capability,
e.g., use of prime agricultural land for agricultural purposes and high value
areas for intense urban developments.
Promotion of public health and safety through compatible arrangement of
various land uses, e.g. buffering between residential and industrial zones
and through standards for environmental protection and conservation.
Preservation of desirable character and real estate values of the zone or
subzone through standards intended to facilitate high quality and
appropriate developments.
Promotion of the rational and orderly growth of the city/municipality by
employing a system that allows the adequate evaluation of development
proposals in both public and private lands.
LEGAL BASIS GROUP 6

1987 Philippine Constitution

Section 20 of RA 7160, Local Government Code of the Philippines
Section 447 A.2 (VI, VIII-IX), Section 448 A.2 (VI) and Section 458 A.2 (VII-IX) of
RA 7160
P.D. 1396 (Amending P.D. 933), creating the Ministry of Human Settlements,
renaming the Human Settlements Commission as the Human Settlements
Regulatory Commission
Letter of Instruction No. 729
Section 5, Executive Order 648, Reorganizing the Human Settlements Regulatory
Commission
PD 933 and Executive Order 648, as amended by EO 90, empowering the HLURB to
review and approve or disapprove land use plans of cities and municipalities
Executive Order 72
LAND USE CATEGORIES AND COLOR CODING GROUP 6
LAND USE CATEGORIES AND COLOR CODING GROUP 6
LAND USE CATEGORIES AND COLOR CODING GROUP 6
LAND USE CATEGORIES AND COLOR CODING GROUP 6
SAMPLE ZONING MAP GROUP 6
SECTION 15. HEIGHT REGULATIONS GROUP 6

Notwithstanding the Building Height provisions of this

ordinance, building heights should also conform to the height
restrictions and requirements of the Civil Aviation Authority of
the Philippines (CAAP).
Exempted from the imposition of height regulations in
residential zones are the following: towers, church, steeples,
water tanks and other utilities and such other structures not
covered by the height regulations of the National Building
Code and/or the CAAP.
 SECTION 16. AREA REGULATIONS GROUP 6

Area regulations in all zones shall conform to the applicable minimum requirements of existing laws,
codes and regulations such as:
1. PD 957, “Subdivision and Condominium Buyers’ Protective 13. RA 6657 or Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law –
Law” and its revised implementing rules and regulations. 14. RA 8749 – Clean Air Act
2. Batas Pambansa 220 14. RA 9003 – Ecological Solid Waste Management Act

3. RA 7279 – Urban Development and Housing Act; 15. RA 7586 or National Integrated Protected Areas Act –

4. PD 1096 – National Building Code protected areas in both land and seas;

5. PD 1185 – Fire Code 16. RA 7942 or Philippine Mining Act – mining areas;

6. PD 856 – Sanitation Code 17. RA 8371 or Indigenous People’s Rights Act (IPRA) –
18. RA 8435 or Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act
7. RA 6541 – Structural Code
19. RA 8550 or Revised Fisheries Code –
8. Batas Pambansa 344 – Accessibility Law
20. RA 9593 or Philippine Tourism Act –
9. Rules and Regulations – HLURB Locational Guidelines and
21. RA 9729 or Philippine Climate Change Act, as amended;
CLUP Guidebook 2013- 2014
22. RA 10066 or Philippine Cultural Heritage Act
10. CA 141 or Public Land Act
23. RA 10121 or Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act –
11. PD 705 or Revised Forestry Code – forestlands;
disaster-prone and geo-hazard areas.
12. PD 1076 or Water Code of the Philippines – inland and
24. Other relevant guidelines promulgated by the national
coastal waters, shorelines and riverbank easements;
agencies concerned.
SECTION 17. EASEMENT GROUP 6

Pursuant to the provisions of the Water Code: 1) the banks of rivers and streams
and the shores of the seas and lakes throughout their entire length within a zone
of three (3) meters in urban areas, twenty (20) meters in agricultural areas and
forty (40) meters in forest areas, along their margins, are subject to easements of
public use in the interest of recreation, navigation, floatage, fishing and salvage.
No person shall be allowed to stay in this zone longer than what is necessary for
space or recreation, navigation, floatage, fishing or salvage or to build structures
of any kind.
Mandatory five-meter easement on both sides of earthquake fault traces on the
ground identified by PHIVOLCS.
As required by the City/Municipal Government, road widening and road
construction program illustrated in Annex 4 as well as other projects that may
later on be identified.
SECTION 18. BUFFER REGULATIONS GROUP 6

A buffer of four (4) meters (or as declared by the LGU) shall be provided along
entire boundary length between two or more conflicting zones/sub-zones
allocating two (2) meters from each side of the zone/sub-zone boundary. Such
buffer strip should be open and not encroached upon by any building or structure
and should be a part of the yard or open space.
OLONGAPO CITY ZONING ORDINANCE GROUP 6
 REFERENCES GROUP 6

https://study.com/academy/lesson/building-ordinances-codes-definition-types-purpose.html?fbclid=IwAR0twN-
iGs2XFQ5cy61JysUu8tAbuPf14IsyES7c-IiDX7GtdR9sLX2B1ds.
https://crgov.com/2761/What-is-an-Ordinance?fbclid=IwAR0-S67E-w9abQvEJA96Ii_eGK0tR_Eg2GbzNf0bUvWqcvCt6_FiiPqjBC0
https://www.slideshare.net/eeany/building-codes-and-the-design-process-presentation?
fbclid=IwAR3nQjuLxhH4PXYvfEnv4vRAoEaujw85DZyAxBWpstrRC-Wcu2Y417kmVI4
https://www.slideshare.net/professorS/ach-121-lecture-03-codes?
fbclid=IwAR0RmrqGsN59Tj_juyZGku2Er7VkkSE3QEwG_ZBU5pFeqI4rsrX5KjYlbWY
https://www.rockwool.com/north-america/advice-and-inspiration/blog/building-codes-and-standards/?
fbclid=IwAR3m6J66YIM_h6mNGqOoa06uALjns1N39C7klv0MbEJgPZ5_H-Kir7v2U50
https://cumminshomedesign.com/blog/2018/3/23/importance-of-building-codes?
fbclid=IwAR2xcOq4G4W4JG8EtbsbF0u5Rr2kzdb8bm3i7gyGkkfvG2UymqT0TKOd80c#:~:text=What%20are%20building%20codes%3F,welfar
e%20of%20the%20buildings%20occupants
https://slideplayer.com/slide/15112159/?fbclid=IwAR0-S67E-w9abQvEJA96Ii_eGK0tR_Eg2GbzNf0bUvWqcvCt6_FiiPqjBC0
https://www.strongtowns.org/journal/2020/6/8/6-reasons-your-city-needs-a-form-based-code?
fbclid=IwAR23bRJ7x7tQKUtgAXz09NFKSZJyl5JwDfLV0KIOx3ZZ82FUbErYHn4tqec#:~:text=Your%20city's%20zoning%20code%20is,neighbo
ring%20properties%2C%20and%20so%20on
https://www.statescape.com/resources/local/ordinance-process/?
fbclid=IwAR1nqXdDqnKOyfQ3HYQ5YwCxI7VEdpM25AB2sC1tVyXENiIkS3Th0Bu4fkQ
https://www.hollydennisinteriors.com/single-post/2018/06/07/the-importance-of-business-codes?fbclid=IwAR1kgZw-
f97Af9tJKkwf0Rwk7mOHVXqBA3OkIIWAO3u098TYiCkYfrx9-
Dg#:~:text=The%20main%20purpose%20of%20building,structural%20collapse%2C%20and%20general%20deterioration
http://www.msulocalgov.org/technicalassistance/resourcesbytopic/meetingmanagementandgoodgovernance/OrdinanceResolution.pdf
https://lcp.org.ph/UserFiles/League_of_Cities/file/HLURB_CLUP_Guidebook_Vol_3_11042015.pdf?
fbclid=IwAR3SZyB7SnOGk_9rZvrgqMk1GgpnSmx5-HnDnBlmh-7GxyLWbJDfP0t8Wto