PAPER PRONUNCIATION

ORGAN OF SPEECH

THIS PAPER WAS COMPILED TO FULFILL GROUP ASSIGMENTS FOR

PRONUNCIATION COURSE

Directed By
Group 4:

1. Muhammad faisal hajmi (0304222091)

2. Najla regar (0304222000)
3. Rahayu wulandari (0304222000)
4. Safitri ahwani (0304222117)

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TARBIYAH AND TEACHING TRAINING
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATERA
MEDAN
 2022

PREFACE

First of all, We would like to thank Allah SWT because, with Allah's help, the
authors completed writing a paper entitled " ORGAN OF SPEECH" at the appointed
time.

The purpose of writing this paper is to fulfill the task given by Mr. Yani lubis, S.Ag,
M.Hum as a lecturer in The pronunciation Courses. We, as the authors of the paper,
hope that this paper can add knowledge and experience to readers. And we hope this
paper can be useful in everyday life.

We apologize as compilers for feeling that there are still many shortcomings in the
preparation of this paper due to our limitations and knowledge. For that, we sincerely
hope for constructive criticism and suggestions from readers to improve this paper.

Medan, 18 October 2022

Group 4
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE …………………………………………………………………………... 2
TABLE OF CONTENT …………………………………………………………….. 3
CHAPTER l …………………………………………………………………………..4
INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………4
1.1 Background of Paper ……………………………………………………………..4
1.2 Problem Formulation ……………………………………………………………..4
1.3 Purpose of Paper ………………………………………………………………….4

CHAPTER II ………………………………………………………………………….5
DISCUSSION …………………………………………………………………………5
2.1 The Definition Of Speech Organ ………………………………………………….5
2.2 The Importance Of Speech
Organs………………………………………………………………….5
2.3 Parts of the speech apparatus
……………………………………………………………………………....6
2.4 Phonation organs
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…....7
2.5 Articulation organs
………………………………………………………………………………….………..
….7

CHAPTER Ill ……………………………………....……….…...…....……………...11

CLOSING ………………………………………………………...……………….....11
3.1 Conclusion ………………………………………………….…………….....…...11
3.2 Suggestion ………………………………………………………………..…..….11

REFERENCE …………………………………………………………………………12
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of Paper

Speech organs are body structures that work together so that people can communicate
through spoken language. This abstract form is then brought forward in concrete form through
different body organs which receive messages from brain. These body organs give rise to spoken
language which was once in form of neurons or signals in mind. Such organs are known as
speech organs.

1.2 Problem Formulation

 What is The Definition of Speech Organs?

 What is The Importance Of Speech Organs?
 What is The Parts of the speech apparatus?
 What is The Phonation organs?
 What is The Articulation organs?

1.3 Purpose of Paper

1 To know The Definition of Speech Organs

2 To know The Importance Of Speech Organs
3 To know The Parts of the speech apparatus
4 To know The Phonation organs
5 To know The Articulation organs
 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

2.1 The Definition Of Speech Organs

Speech organs are body structures that work together so that people can communicate
through spoken language. Also called speech articulators, these organs are necessary in
the production of the voice, or the sound produced only by humans to tell each other
how they think or feel. They can be classified according to whether they are active or
passive.

Brain is mostly involved in cognitive working, thus it brings the origin of language in
an abstract form. This abstract form is then brought forward in concrete form through
different body organs which receive messages from brain. These body organs give rise
to spoken language which was once in form of neurons or signals in mind. Such organs
are known as speech organs. All of the sounds we produce are because of muscle
contraction or expansion. The muscles in the chest that we use for breathing produce the
flow of air that is needed for almost all speech sounds; muscles in the larynx produce
many different modifications in the flow of air from the chest to the mouth. After
passing through the larynx, the air goes through what we call the vocal tract, which ends
at the mouth and nostrils. Here the air from the lungs escapes into the atmosphere. We
have a large and complex set of muscles that can produce changes in the shape of the
vocal tract, and in order to learn how the sounds of speech are produced it is necessary
to become familiar with the different parts of the vocal tract. These different parts are
called articulators, and the study of them is called articulatory phonetics.
2.2 The Importance Of Speech Organs

The objective is to acquaint the learner with speech organs and their mechanism. This
branch of phonetics concerns with the speech producing mechanism and the ‘apparatus’
in human beings and explains how the outgoing airstream is regulated along the vocal
tract to form various speech sounds. All speech organs are known as articulators.
These organs of speech also serve other biological needs. The airstream that goes in and
out of the lungs forms the basis of speech; that is, speech is based on the outgoing
airstream. The organs used for speech include the lips, teeth, alveolar ridge, hard palate,
velum, uvula, glottis and the tongue. Glottis is not an active articulator because it is only
a space between vocal folds

2.3 Parts of the speech apparatus

 Lungs
 The lungs are the largest organs of the human body and their main function is to allow
inspiration and expiration of air . They are formed by connective tissue inside which are the
bronchial tubes, which progressively branch off from the trachea. 

 Bronchi

The bronchi are the ducts that arise from the bifurcation of the trachea . Each of the bronchi is
connected to one of the lungs. The air enters through the trachea and reaches the lungs through
the bronchi, so that its role is very important.

 Windpipe

The trachea is one of the most important elements of the respiratory system. It is the tube that
connects the nose and mouth with the lungs and bronchi . It is shaped like a tube and consists of
a set of cartilaginous rings. It begins in the larynx and runs to the chest.

2.4 Phonation organs

 Pharynx and Larynx

Pharynx and Larynx Pharynx is connected to the nasal cavity. It is behind the larynx. And the
larynx is simply the parts of Adam's apple and that parts are larynx. English do not produce
much sounds by using pharynx and larynx so they are very complex to understand. Basically,
when air passes through the lung, the air travels the vocal tract and this pharynx and larynx
sometimes wide open or sometimes they are close. Pharynx and Larynx are different from oral
cavity and nasal cavity.

 Vocal chords

The vocal cords are the element of the phonological apparatus responsible for the production
of the voice . Despite their name, the truth is that they have no rope shape, but are a set of folds.
They are a total of four, divided into two large groups: true and false . The false ones do not
participate in the production of sounds, while the true ones do. The resonators are responsible for
the vibrations that come from the vocal cords become sound.

2.5 Articulation organs

There are two articulators, one is active articulators and another is passive articulators.
1. Active articulators
Active articulator is the muscles inside our mouth. It is movable organs which are
principally the lip and the tongue (tongue tip, tongue blade, tongue front, tongue root). It
takes part directly to produce sounds.

2. Passive articulators

There are some organs which are not muscles but bones inside our vocal tract. These
bones, we call them passive articulators. And they are immovable parts which are upper
teeth, hard palate, alveolar ridge, postalveolar region, soft palate and which remains
motionless. Passive articulators do not move because the bones do not move.

 Articulators are basically the organs that take part in producing sounds, like:

 Palate
The palate is the upper wall of the oral cavity . It is divided into two parts: the bone palate and
the veil of the palate. Its main function is to separate the oral cavity from the nostrils and its
interaction with the tongue allows the articulation of sounds.

 Language
The tongue is a mobile organ that is inside the mouth. It has a key role in numerous functions,
such as mouth hydration , swallowing or language, among others. It is characterized by its cone
shape.

 Teeth
In the case of adults, they have a total of 32 teeth : 8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 premolars and 12
molars. It is interesting to know that not all adults have wisdom teeth since there is not always
enough room for growth. 
  Lips
The lips are essential to carry out a large selection of functions.

 Glottis
The glottis is the narrowest part of what is called laryngeal light , a space limited by the vocal
cords. Before the vibration of the vocal cords, the sound is transformed into voice or loudness.
Thus, when they do not vibrate what is called dull sound is produced. 
 A speech organ is active if it moves as sound is produced, while it is passive if there
is no movement. Along with the lips, tongue, and teeth, these organs also include the
alveolar crest, uvula, palate, and glottis. Of these speech articulators, only the lower lip,
tongue, and glottis are active. The mechanism of sound or voice production begins when
incoming air flows through the glottis, resulting in vibration of the vocal cords. This
vibration pushes air to flow through the glottis to vibrate the vocal tract, producing
sound.
 CHAPTER III

CLOSING

3.1 Conclusion
When we make a sound, there are certain verse of our vocal tract. they move, they block the
air and they help us to produce sounds (words, sentences, or language). Simply say that, organs
that can produce sound, we call them speech organ. Organ of speech also known as vocal organ.

We have a large and complex set of muscles that can produce changes in the shape of the
vocal tract, and in order to learn how the sounds of speech are produced it is necessary to
become familiar with the different parts of the vocal tract. These different parts are
called articulators, and the study of them is called articulatory phonetics. We have a large and
complex set of muscles that can produce changes in the shape of the vocal tract, and in order to
learn how the sounds of speech are produced it is necessary to become familiar with the different
parts of the vocal tract. These different parts are called articulators, and the study of them is
called articulatory phonetics.

3.2 Suggestion

Similarly, we can benefit from the material that is the subject of this paper, of course, there
are still many shortcomings and weaknesses, due to lack of knowledge and lack of references
related to the title of this paper. The author really hopes, dear readers, to provide constructive
criticism and suggestions for a perfect paper to the author in writing a paper on the next
opportunity. Hopefully this paper is useful for readers.
 REFERENCES

Celce-Murcia, M. (2010). Teaching Pronunciation: A Course Book and Reference

Guide.2nd edition. Cambridge University Press. USA.

Delahunty and Garvey (n.d). Phonetics and Phonology. Chapter 4.

Laya, A. and Quintana de Laya, C. (1994). An Introduction to the study of Phonology.

FEDUPEL. Caracas

Udoy Rahman. (2020). Speech Organs.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346490066

https://englopedia.com/the-importance-of-speech-organs/