KOLEJ MATRIKULASI SELANGOR physics\akademik\1PN\SF016\ch3

3 Momentum & Impulse

3.1 Momentum &
impulse
Momentum, p = the p = mv 1. Impulse, J = Ft
product between mass 2. Impulse, J =
and velocity Unit: kg m s-1/ N s
change in
momentum
J = p = m (v2 – v1)
Impulse, J = 3. Impulse-
3.1 Momentum the product of a force, F and Momentum
& impulse the time, t Theorem
The impulse of the force
J = Ft F acting on a particle
Unit: kg m s-1/ N s equals the change in the
momentum of the
particle caused by that
Impulse, J force.
the change of momentum,
J = Ft = m(v2 – v1)
p = mv - mu = m(v - u)
Unit: kg m s-1/ N s

From F-t graph:

Impulse, J = Area under graph

3.2 Conservation of linear momentum 2. In 2-D,

1. States
“In an isolated (closed) system, the total momentum of that system is
constant.”
OR
“When the net external force on a system is zero, the total momentum of
that system is constant.” pix = pfx
p = constant, piy = pfy
OR 3. Collision - an isolated event in which two or more
The total of initial momentum = the total of final momentum bodies (the colliding bodies) exert relatively strong
pi = pf forces on each other for a relatively short time

Total momentum is
conserved
elastic
one in which the total kinetic pi = pf
energy (as well as total
momentum) of the system is the
same before and after the collision Total kinetic is conserved
Collision
Ki = Kf
an isolated event in which two or
more bodies (the colliding bodies)
exert relatively strong forces on Total momentum is
each other for a relatively short
time inelastic
conserved
one in which the total kinetic pi = pf
energy of the system is not the
same before and after the collision
(even though the total momentum Total kinetic is not
of the system is conserved). conserved
Ki  Kf

Elastic Inelastic
pi = pf : pi = pf :
m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2 m1u1 + m2u2 = (m1 +m2)v
Ki = Kf : Ki  Kf :
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
m1u12 +2 m2u22 =2 m1v12 +2 m2v22 m1u12 + 2m2u22  2(m1 +m2)v2
2 2