Faculty of Engineering Technology Page No.

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Department of Electrical Engineering Technology Revision No. 1

Title: Lab 8: AN INTRODUCTION OF LVSB & SCADA
Effective Date 10/03/2021
SYSTEM

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

INDUSTRIAL INSTALLATION TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY

(MAKMAL TEKNOLOGI PEPASANGAN INDUSTRI)

WORKING INSTRUCTION AND REPORT

Course Code & Name / BNE 42902 / BNE 45002

Kod & Nama Kursus EWP 4 / SCADA & POWER PROTECTION LAB
Code & Title of
Experiment/ Kod & Tajuk EXP 2: AN INTRODUCTION OF LVSB & SCADA SYSTEM
Ujikaji
Date of Experiment/
OCT/NOV 2022
Tarikh Ujikaji
Programme/Program BNE
Group/ Kumpulan 13
Matrix No./
Name/Nama
No. Matrik
Group Members/ 1.AMAR BAIHAQI BIN MUHAMAD CN200032
Ahli Kumpulan 2.
3.

Instructor Name / 1.
Nama Instruktor 2.
Keputusan/Result /15%
Pemerhatian/Observation /15%
Perbincangan/Discussion /20%
Soalan/Question /10%
Assessment / Penilaian Kesimpulan/Conclusion /5%

TOTAL/ JUMLAH /65%

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Department of Electrical Engineering Technology Revision No. 1

Title: Lab 8: AN INTRODUCTION OF LVSB & SCADA
Effective Date 10/03/2021
SYSTEM

1. EXPERIMENT LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the experiment, students should be able to:

1.1 To identify LVSB & SCADA system, installation & operation in Low Voltage Switchboard.
1.2 To identify all the electrical & SCADA accessories in LVSB layout
1.3 To design SCADA system plan layout according SCADA system in the lab.

2. INTRODUCTION / THEORY

2.1. LVSB & SCADA SYSTEM

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) is a system that aims to monitor and
control field devices on Low Voltage Switchboard.

LVSB using SCADA which is centralized system that monitors and controls the entire area.
This supervisory system gathers data on the process and sends the commands control to
the process.

Figure 2.1 (a): Example of SCADA with Main Components

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Department of Electrical Engineering Technology Revision No. 1

Title: Lab 8: AN INTRODUCTION OF LVSB & SCADA
Effective Date 10/03/2021
SYSTEM

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) is a system that aims to monitor and
control field devices at your remote sites. SCADA systems are critical as it helps maintain
efficiency by collecting and processing real-time data.

The main goal of this supervisory system is to monitor and control equipment in the
industrial processes for companies in the public and private sectors. As a matter of fact, in
today's world, there are SCADA systems almost everywhere. This includes industrial
plants, manufacturing, transportation, oil and gas, power distribution, water control and
etc.

2.2 Four SCADA FUNCTIONS

SCADA systems perform several functions that allow for proper management of remote
facilities. The following are the core functions of a SCADA system:

(a) Data Acquisition

The collection of SCADA data frequently involves some kind of analog to digital
conversion. Temperature is converted to degrees Celsius. Transmit signal strength is
converted to dBm. Channel quality is measured in errored seconds.

(b) Networked Data Communication

The collected data is transmitted either spontaneously or in response to a request for data
to some kind of upstream consolidator or master. The communication channel can be
analog (T202, POTS) or digital (RS485, TCP/IP). SCADA network topology typically also
includes some kind of transport validation independent of any content validation.

(c) Data Presentation

The collected data is processed, organized and presented for system operators to make
appropriate response and control decisions. The presentation can vary from tabular
presentation of logged events to graphical presentation against mapping or image
backgrounds.

(d) Control
If control decisions are warranted and the system supports output, appropriate
commands can be dispatched to affect specific operational or configuration changes. Most
control actions are performed by RTUs and PLCs.
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Department of Electrical Engineering Technology Revision No. 1

Title: Lab 8: AN INTRODUCTION OF LVSB & SCADA
Effective Date 10/03/2021
SYSTEM
2.3 The Four Main Components Of SCADA

In SCADA system, normally four important system components that present in every
SCADA network thru the following basic components:

(a) Inputs
Inputs (either digital or analog) and output relays or electrical signals that directly
interface with managed elements in the remote sites. That's where the SCADA functions
start.

These sensors and control relays perform the data acquisition but can't interpret
communication protocols on their own. But your SCADA system still needs a way to collect
this data and report it to you in a meaningful way. That's where RTUs come into play.

(b) Remote Telemetry Units (RTUs)

In Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC), RTUs are small computerized units deployed in
the field at specific sites and locations. Remote telemetry unit, also known as a remote
terminal unit (RTU), serves as local collection points for gathering reports from sensors
and delivering commands to control relays.

(c) Human Machine Interface (HMI) SCADA

HMI software is a computer master station system that processes data and allows a
human operator to manage and control the system. HMIs provide the human operator
with information gathered from multiple RTUs.

This information is displayed in the master unit's user interface that should be
understandable and actionable since quick response actions to alarms are usually
required. The best HMI SCADA software will present the data as an intuitive graphical
representation based on maps.

(d) Communications Network

The communications network is what connects telemetry and SCADA at your remote sites.
Today, one of the most common communications technology is Ethernet.
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Department of Electrical Engineering Technology Revision No. 1

Title: Lab 8: AN INTRODUCTION OF LVSB & SCADA
Effective Date 10/03/2021
SYSTEM

Figure 2.3 (a): LVSB set complete with SCADA system

Figure 2.3 (b): Motorized ACB & SCADA Control Box system
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Department of Electrical Engineering Technology Revision No. 1

Title: Lab 8: AN INTRODUCTION OF LVSB & SCADA
Effective Date 10/03/2021
SYSTEM

Figure 2.3 (c): Internal SCADA Control Box & Software used

Figure 2.3 (d): GUI SCADA System controlling LVSB

 Faculty of Engineering Technology Page No. 7 / 12

Department of Electrical Engineering Technology Revision No. 1

Title: Lab 8: AN INTRODUCTION OF LVSB & SCADA
Effective Date 10/03/2021
SYSTEM

Figure 2.3 (e): Main SCADA System & SCADA Clients controlling LVSB

3. PRELAB

3.1 Briefly identify & list down the SCADA system in Low Voltage Switchboard by tracing
SCADA components & its function.
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Department of Electrical Engineering Technology Revision No. 1

Title: Lab 8: AN INTRODUCTION OF LVSB & SCADA
Effective Date 10/03/2021
SYSTEM

4. EQUIPMENT

4.1 A4/A3 paper

4.2 Mechanical Pencil 0.7 (2B) & Eraser
4.3 Laptop/Computer
4.4 Test Pen & Suitable PPE

5. SAFETY PRECAUTION

5.1 Remember Always - Safety First!

5.2 Always ware suitable cloths and stationaries during identifying SCADA System in this lab.
5.3 Check and verify your work at least three times before ask instructor to do
the examination for marks.

6. PROCEDURES

6.1 Trace and redraw a SCADA system layout in Low Voltage Switchboard (LVSB) circuit in block
diagram and single line diagram with appropriate legend. Label completely all the
components of SCADA system.

Explain the operation of SCADA system completely by referring the operation of the system.

7. RESULTS
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Department of Electrical Engineering Technology Revision No. 1

Title: Lab 8: AN INTRODUCTION OF LVSB & SCADA
Effective Date 10/03/2021
SYSTEM
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Department of Electrical Engineering Technology Revision No. 1

Title: Lab 8: AN INTRODUCTION OF LVSB & SCADA
Effective Date 10/03/2021
SYSTEM

7. DATA ANALYSIS & DISCUSSION

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Department of Electrical Engineering Technology Revision No. 1

Title: Lab 8: AN INTRODUCTION OF LVSB & SCADA
Effective Date 10/03/2021
SYSTEM

9. QUESTIONS

9.1 Define SCADA system`s block diagram in LVSB in the lab.

9.2 Breifly give three advantages of SCADA System in LVSB in the lab.
 It safeguards the environment from the failure of the LVSB system.
 It improves energy savings due to the optimization of the system.
 It reduces the time for fault identification and restoration.

9.3 Explain why HMI and network data communication are important in SCADA System.

HMI and SCADA solutions enable them to precisely monitor, control, and visualise all
aspects of their operations from a single location. Operators can see what's important
and take the appropriate actions to increase efficiency and reduce costs with a quick
glance.
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Department of Electrical Engineering Technology Revision No. 1

Title: Lab 8: AN INTRODUCTION OF LVSB & SCADA
Effective Date 10/03/2021
SYSTEM

10. CONCLUSION
What student learned about SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) is a system that
monitors and controls field devices on a Low Voltage Switchboard. The LVSB employs SCADA, a
centralized system that monitors and controls the entire area. This supervisory system collects
process data and sends control commands to the process. SCADA (Supervisory Control and
Data Acquisition) is a system that monitors and controls field devices at remote sites. SCADA
systems are critical because they collect and process real-time data, which helps to maintain
efficiency in LVSB. The primary goal of this supervisory system is to monitor and control
equipment in power system processes for both public and private sector companies and
reduce the cost. Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) is a system of software and
hardware elements that allows industrial organizations to control industrial processes locally or at
remote locations Monitor, gather, and process real-time data , Directly interact with devices
such as sensors, valves, pumps, motors, and more through human-machine interface (HMI)
software and record events into a log fil.

Prepared by / Disediakan oleh : Approved by / Disahkan oleh :

Signature / Tandatangan : Signature / Tandatangan :

Name / Nama : Ts. Maizul Bin Hj Ishak Name / Nama : Ts. Dr Hairulazwan Bin Hashim
Date / Tarikh : 15/03/2021 Date / Tarikh : 15/03/2021