Approaches to literature reveal how or why a particular work is constructed and what its social and

cultural implications are. Understanding critical perspectives will help you to see and appreciate a
literary work as a multilayered construct of meaning. Reader-response suggest that the reader is
essential to the meaning. Marxism focuses on certain societal issues class and its distinctions. Feminism
and Queer theory examines the subjugation of women and the role of gender in literature. Formalism’s
focus is on the arrange of language while Historical-Biographical embraces the Author-text connection,
last but not least is Deconstruction that text contains numerous meaning.