Etymological

background
of the English
vocabulary

Made by: Nurzhanqyzy Uldana

Group: AKK-202

Checked by: Borgul N.M.

 PLAN
RUSSIAN CHINESE
KOREAN
ETYMOLOGY BORROW BORROWING
BORROWING
ING

FRENCH
BORROWING
Etymology
Etymology (from Greek etymon “truth”
+ logos “learning”) is a branch of
linguistics concerned with the study of
the origin and history of words and
tracing
them to their earliest determination
source.
The etymological structure of the English
vocabulary consists of 2 elements:
native (Indo-European and Germanic) and
borrowed.

Indo-European

Germanic Borrower

They make a very big portion The borrowed or foreign

Here are several semantic of the vocabulary, e.g. element in English is
groups that came into English nouns: hand, life, sea, ship, represented by the
from this source: meal, winter, ground, coal, vocabulary
family relations and names of goat; units originating from
kinship: brother. adjectives: heavy, deep, free, different languages. Some

broad, sharp, grey; of them are given below.

Borrowing
The concept of lexical borrowing in the Korean
language accompanies a broad spectrum of
history, language contact, and cultural

in the influences. With the phenomenon of loanwords,

the Korean vocabulary is composed of three
main components: native Korean words, Sino-

Korean Korean words (including Sino-Japanese), and

other loanwords such as the English language.

Language
With the close proximity of Korea and China,
much of the Korean culture and language has
elements of the Chinese influence.
Borrowing in
the Korean The Korean word 선글라스
Language
“Sun-gu-la-ssu” meaning
“sunglasses”
·
A more interesting case of lexical
The Korean word 아파트
“A-pa-tu” meaning
borrowing would be the Japanese and
“Apartment”
Sino-Japanese words – many of the words
that entered the Korean language during

the Japanese occupation from 1910-1945.

In this sphere of loanwords, many English
words were also introduced into Korea via
the Japanese, although a various case of
clipping and change in meaning can be
seen. Some examples are:
 Russian There were constant contacts between
England and Russia and they
borrowed words from one language into the
borrowings other.

trade relations: rouble, copeck, pood;

vehicles: troika, troshki, kibitka;
words
relating to the nature,: taiga, tundra,

steppe; clothes: sarafan, shuba;

animals and fish: borzoi, beluga sterlet, beverages –vodka, kvass, etc.
sable;
In the English language, there are
many loanwords that have been
borrowed from Chinese languages
and dialects.
Ketchup
o f th is w o rd a re
The origins
d . Bu t m a n y b e lie ve
debate
in s a r e fr o m e ith e r
that its orig
d ia le c t fo r t h e fis h
the Fujianese
sauce 鮭汁 ( g u ī z h ī ) o r t h e
o r d fo r e g g p la n t
Chinese w
sau c e 茄汁 (q ié z h ī) .
CHINESE BORROWING

咖啡 (kā fēi) - coffee 拜拜 (bāi bāi or

bái bái) - bye bye
 French borrowings

And а great part of these

words came to the
c h b orr o win g s m ake English language in the
Fren t
one of the largesg lish
13th - 14th
s o f m o de rn E n centuries. French
layer
word stock. At eir borrowings of this period
re n t e stim a te s th resulted from the Norman
diffe
total varies from the conquest which
of
40 to 55 per centlary. affirmed the French
whole vocabu language as the
language of the ruling
class.
French
Borrowings
1. State and state administratio
n: government,
parliament, counsel, assembly,
authority, office,
power, baron, count, duke, duch
ess, prince,
royal, feudal.
2. Court of justice: court, justice
, jury, prison,
crime, acquit, sentence, penalty,
defendant,
guilt.
3. Military life: war, battle, army,
regiment,
general, captain, lieutenant, vic
tory.
4. Church life: religion, parish, a
ltar, Bible,
paradise, saint, vice, virtue, divin
e, clergy.
5. Amusements: leisure, pleasure
, sport,
tournament, dance, cards, feast
, joy.