ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES (AICS)

NSTP1 (NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM 1) What is numeracy?

MODULAR/1st SEMESTER/FINALS/WEEK 1 Ability to count

Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, you
must be able to:
1. Describe a literate person.
2. Understand the importance of literacy and
numeracy.
3. Evaluate the literacy and numeracy rate of Filipinos.
Ability to solve problems
Ability to make sense of time, numbers, patterns,
and shapes
In summary, it is the ability to use mathematics
with confidence and efficiency.
Where do we use literacy and numeracy?

FUNCTIONAL LITERACY AND NUMERACY

What is literacy?

Ability to read
Ability to speak
Ability to spell
Grammar knowledge
Ability to listen

In summary, it is the ability to communicate and

make sense of our world.

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Importance of Functional Literacy and Numeracy

➢ Literacy is a critical component to ensure all

students have the best chance to succeed in their
studies and everyday life.

➢ Numeracy is important for individuals to develop

logical thinking and reasoning strategies in their
everyday activities. We need numeracy to solve
problems and make sense of numbers, time,
patterns and shapes for activities like cooking,
reading receipts, reading instructions and even
playing sport.

➢ Literacy and numeracy help people gain the

fundamental skills necessary to achieve success in
life.

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NATIONAL POLICIES ON LITERACY
ARTICLE XIV SECTION 2 (1987 Philippine
Constitution)
Section 2. The State shall:
(1) Establish, maintain, and support a complete,
adequate, and integrated system of education relevant
to the needs of the people and society;
(2) Establish and maintain a system of free public
education in the elementary and high school levels.
Without limiting the natural right of parents to rear
their children, elementary education is compulsory for
all children of school age;
(3) Establish and maintain a system of scholarship
grants, student loan programs, subsidies, and other
incentives which shall be available to deserving
students in both public and private schools,
especially to the underprivileged;
(4) Encourage non-formal, informal, and indigenous
learning systems, as well as self-learning,
independent, and out-of-school study programs
particularly those that respond to community needs;
and
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(5) Provide adult citizens, the disabled, and out-of-
school youth with training in civics, vocational
efficiency, and other skills.
Complete, adequate, and integrated system of
education
The system of education the State is required to
establish, maintain, and support must be:
(1) Complete, that is, it includes nursery and
kindergarten schools, elementary and high schools,
and colleges.
(2) Adequate, that is, it meets the varying educational
needs of the country.
(3) Integrated, that is, the different levels of education
are related in purpose and orientation.
Compulsory elementary education for all children of
school age
The provision aims to address two social problems
– illiteracy and child labor, prostitution and crime brought
about by parents who let their children work or peddle in
the streets at a very young age without any education.
These children are often taken advantage of by
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unscrupulous persons who exploit them for their selfish or
criminal ends.
Compulsory elementary education hopes to lessen,
if not cur, these problems. The law may require all parents
to send their children to school or become liable to
penalties.
Natural right of parents to rear their children
It is the duty of parents not only to feed and clothe
their children but also to see to it that they grow up
equipped with the means to become worthy citizens. The
State may require that parents provide education for their
children should they fail to do so. In such case, the State
is protecting not only the future of the young but the higher
social good.
Different learning systems
(1) Formal education is that which takes place within
the four walls of the classroom with teachers and
textbooks normally approved by the Department of
Education, Culture, and Sports.
(2) Non-formal education refers to that which takes
place in factories, shops, and other work places
meant to improve the skills of workers or provide
new skills to youth and adults.
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(3) Informal education refers to learning derived from
home, church, mass media, and other community
institutions.
(4) Indigenous learning systems include ways and
methods which are used in preserving and building
certain traditions within cultural communities.
The introduction of the last three (3) systems
in education make learning accessible to all people,
including out-of-school youth, the disabled, and
adults.
Training in civics, vocational efficiency, and other
skills
The State is directed by the Constitution to provide
training in civics, vocational efficiency and other skills to
adult citizens, the disabled and the out-of-school youths.
(Sec.2 [5]). The aim is to help these classes of citizens
become worthy and useful members of society. Such
training is to be given for free.
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REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7165 (R.A. No. 7165) An Act
Creating the Literacy Coordinating Council, Defining
Its Powers And Functions, Appropriating Funds
Therefor, And For Other Purposes
SECTION 1. It is the policy of the State to give the
highest priority to the adoption of measures for the
total eradication of illiteracy. For this purpose, it shall
encourage and rationalize the formulation of policies
and the implementation of programs on non-formal,
informal, and indigenous learning systems, as well as
self-learning, independent, and out-of-school study
programs particularly those that respond to
community needs.
SECTION 2. To carry out the declared national policy,
there is hereby created a Literacy Coordinating
Council, hereinafter referred to as the Council, which
shall be an inter-agency body administratively
attached to the Department of Education, Culture and
Sports.
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Administrative Order no. 116, s. 2005
Signed on March 14, 2005: Providing Integrated
Assistance to Filipino Repatriates from Sabah, And
Designating the Department Of Labor And
Employment As Lead Agency
Whereas, the State is mandated by the Constitution to
afford full protection and assistance to overseas Filipinos;
Whereas, the assistance to overseas Filipinos is
considered as a pillar of the government’s foreign policy;
Whereas, the current developments in Sabah make it
imperative to organize an integrated and systematic
welfare and assistance program to extend the necessary
help to affected overseas Filipinos;
Whereas, the assistance includes the training and other
related interventions, among others, to enhance the
readiness of these affected overseas Filipinos for
reemployment as well ass facilitate their reintegration into
our socio-economic community.
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Philippine Literacy Rate • The Alternative Learning System, which provides

The ability to read and write is a priority, so any
effort to promote literacy by the government,
organizations, or even private individuals is celebrated.
Prior to World War I, the literacy rate in the
Philippines was at a dismal 20%. But it was one of the
countries that experienced rapid school expansion in the
late 1930s, according to United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization’s (UNESCO) 2006
Education for All Global Monitoring Report, and, as a
result, literacy rates rose to the middle range during the
1950s (35%–75%). UNESCO has said literacy transitions
are linked to educational expansion.
Shifts in the country’s education system were
rooted in structural changes and policymaking bodies
throughout history.
opportunity for out-of-school youths to use the
education services of DepEd and take the
accreditation and equivalency test, paving the way
for further education
• Open high school and night school opportunities
• Establishment of schools in areas without schools
• The Kindergarten Law, which makes attending
kindergarten a requirement
By 2000, organizations inside and
outside of the Philippines measured youth
literacy rates between 95% and 96.6%.

For John Arnold S. Siena, a director for the National

Educators Academy of the Philippines, part of DepEd, the
high literacy rate in the country and the 95.24% school
participation of children in elementary schooling were
achieved through the campaign of the government,
particularly DepEd, to bring more school-age children to
school. He said initiatives that focused on this goal include
the following:

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STUDY GUIDES ACTIVITY NO. 1

Directions: Answer the following questions Directions: Look for literacy program/s imposed or
comprehensively. established by the national government. Assess its
effectivity and if it was able to attain its goal. Make a
1. Explain literacy and numeracy in your own words. reflection paper about this.
2. Cite specific examples on where literacy and
numeracy are used and applied.
3. In your own understanding, what do think is the
essence of being a literate one?

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NSTP1 (NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM 1) Life Stages

MODULAR/1st SEMESTER/FINALS/WEEK 2

Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, you

must be able to:

4. Describe the process of human growth and

development.
5. Characterize the factors that affect the learning
process.
6. Analyze the roots and theories of learning.

PRINCIPLES OF LEARNING

Growth – the measurable physical changes that occur

Principles of Human Growth and Development
throughout a person’s life.
Examples are height, weight, body shape, dental
structure (teeth)
Development – refers to the changes in intellectual,
mental, and emotional skills that occur overtime.
A. Continuity.
• Growth and development are a continuous
process from conception to death.
B. Sequentially.
• Every species, whether animal or human,
follows a pattern of development peculiar to
it. This pattern in general is the same for all
individuals.

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C. Generality to Specificity
• Development proceeds from general to
specific. In all areas of development, general
activities always precede specific activity.
D. Differentially
• The tempo of development is not even.
Individuals differ in the rate of growth and
development.
E. Development proceeds from the Head
downward
• This principle describes the direction of
growth and development. The head region
starts growth at first, following by which other
organs starts developing.
F. Development proceeds from the centre of the
body outward
• The directional sequence of development
during both prenatal and postnatal stages
may either be from head to foot, or from the
central axis to the extremities of the body.
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G. Development depends on maturation and
learning
• Maturation refers to the sequential
characteristic of biological growth and
development.
• The biological changes occur in sequential
order and give children new abilities.
H. Development proceeds from the simple to more
complex
• Children use their cognitive and language
skills to reason and solve problems.
• Children at first are able to hold big things by
using both arms. In the next part, they are
capable to hold things in a single hand,
which allow them to pick small objects like
peas, cereals, etc.
I. Growth is a personal matter
• Each child grows in his own personal
manner. He/she should be permitted to grow
at his/her own rate.
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J. Growth comes from within would help the growth of the child such as warm ups and
• One or surrounding environment can some simple dance movements for kids.
encourage or can hinder the energy of a
Children encounter difficulties during their change
child, but the drive force that pushes a child
especially during the rapid changes so, educators should
to grow is carried inside him.
at least give them advices about those obstacles and
explain thoroughly the reason they are having the pain or
K. Growth has certain characteristics common at
difficulties.
particular stages

L. Growth is gradual and orderly but uneven

Fact Check

✓ The more you learn about the

Implications of growth and development in Teaching
children’s physical development
and Learning
then you are in a position to deal
A significant relationship exists between a person’s with their physical needs.
body concept and his general self-concept. Physical
educators need to be more concerned with the
development of the body concept in children. ✓ It is also an interesting area for
Understanding how the growth process affects policy makers and implementers like
performance ability can help the teacher plan activities teachers to have an insight of child
based on individual readiness factors. physical abuse and mental
retardation.
Educators, especially in pre-school must be careful
in giving physical activities to the children because their
bones are still developing as well as their muscles.
Teachers should give children physical activities that

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STUDY GUIDES
Directions: Answer the following questions.
1. Describe maturity.
2. Give specific changes in growth and development
for every life stages.
3. What are factors that affect human growth and
development?
National Service Training Program 1
ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES (AICS)
ACTIVITY NO. 2
Directions: Assess your personal growth and
development. What are the things that you have
encountered during your life stages? How are they differ
from other’s development? Write a personal essay telling
your personal growth and development.
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THE LEARNING PROCESS
Learning constitutes the central theme of
educational psychology in understanding how learners
learn and the condition under which they learn best is the
major contribution which psychology makes to an
educational practice.
Learning is an integrated, directed, systematic,
purposive, and ongoing process that occurs in the
individual that enables him to meet specific objectives,
fulfill his interests, and satisfy his needs, and cope with the
various problems that confront him.
Conceptually, as viewed by educators the process
of learning involves five well-phased phases:
1. Unfreezing. This is the stage where the individual
becomes motivated and ready to consider changes
in attitudes, behaviors, knowledge, and skills.
2. Problem Diagnosis. This is the stage of determining
and examining the forces supporting the need for
change.
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3. Goal-setting. This is the stage where the desired
changes in attitudes, knowledge, skills, and
behaviors are explicitly stated.
4. New Behavior. This is the phase where in the
individual learns, adapts, and practices the newer
knowledge, attitudes, skills, and behaviors which
are earnestly desired.
5. Refreezing. This is the phase of the learning
process where novel learnings have found to be
relevant and to be beneficial and assimilated into
the learner’s ongoing frame work of knowledge,
attitudes, skill, and behavior.
Factors that may Affect the Learning Process
A. Intellectual factor. The term refers to the
individual mental level. Success in school is
generally closely related to level of the intellect.
B. Learning factors. Factors owing to lack of
mastery of what has been taught, faulty
methods of work or study, and narrowness of
experimental background may affect the
learning process of any pupil. Similarly, because
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of faulty instruction, the pupil may have learned
inefficient methods of study.
C. Physical Factors. Under this group are
included such factors as health, physical
development, nutrition, visual and physical
defects, and glandular abnormality. It is
generally recognized that ill health retards
physical and motor development, and
malnutrition interferes with learning and physical
growth.
D. Mental Factors. The efficiency of the work from
day to day and the rapidity with which it is
achieved are influenced by the attitude of the
learner. A favorable mental attitude facilitates
learning. The factor of interest is very closely
related in nature to that of symbolic drive and
reward.
E. Emotional and social factors. Personal
factors, such as instincts and emotions, and
social factors, such as cooperation and rivalry,
are directly related to a complex psychology of
motivation. It is a recognized fact that the
various responses of the individual to various
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kinds of stimuli are determined by a wide variety
of tendencies.
F. Teacher’s Personality. An individual’s
personality is a composite of his physical
appearance, his mental capacity, his emotional
behavior, and his attitudes towards others.
Effective teaching and learning are the results of
an integrated personality of the teacher.
G. Environmental Factor. Physical conditions
needed for learning is under environmental
factor. One of the factors that affect the
efficiency of learning is the condition in which
learning takes place. This includes the
classrooms, textbooks, equipment, school
supplies, and other instructional materials.
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 ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES (AICS)

STUDY GUIDES ACTIVITY NO. 3

Directions: Answer the following questions. Directions: Each individual learns as his/he own phase.
Some learn faster and some require time to digest what he
1. What is learning based on your personal wishes to learn. Describe your learning process. Include
experience? the factors that affect your learning process as well as the
factors that motivate you the most. Write a personal essay
2. Give specific life instances in which the phases of about this.
learning are observed.

3. Explain the importance of self-motivation in the

learning process.

4. Which of the factors that affect the learning process

has the biggest impact to learners? Why?

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THEORIES OF LEARNING
Learning is defined as modification of behavior
through experience. It is also defined as the acquisition of
behavior pattern. It is the modification and coordination of
the responses of organism. Learning is essentially an
active process. The learning is an enrichment of
experience. In learning, there is an interaction of the
environment with the organism.
A. Association Theories
a. William James
Pragmatism. This is a philosophical
movement or system having various forms,
but generally stressing practical
consequences as constituting the essential
criterion in determining meaning, truth and
values.
William James believed that
this philosophy is a method of solving
or evaluating intellectual educational
problems about the kind of knowledge
one is capable of acquiring.
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b. Edward Lee Thorndike
Experimentalism. This is an educational
doctrine or practice of relying on
experimentation using empirical data that
are valid and reliable to establish the truth.
Experimentalism as a philosophy had to wait
for the emergence of modern science and
technology to have its full development.
c. Ivan P. Pavlov
Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning theory
asserts that an individual learns when
previously neural stimulus is paired with an
unconditioned stimulus until the neural
stimulus evokes a conditioned response.
d. Burrhus F. Skinner
Operant Conditioning Theory. An
individual learns the desired responses
because he is rewarded for doing and learns
to avoid responses because he punished for
doing.
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The fundamental concepts in operant
conditioning are:
1. Operant conditioning. This refers to using
pleasant or unpleasant consequences to
control the behavior.
2. Reinforcers. These refer to
consequences that strengthen a 6. Cue. This is the signal as to what
behavior. The reinforcers are primary
reinforcers which are related to basic
needs; secondary reinforcer, the value
of something is acquired when
associated with primary reinforcer;
positive reinforcer is the consequence
given to strengthen behavior, negative
reinforcer is the release from an
unpleasant situation or condition to
strengthen behavior; intrinsic, pleasure
is inherent in the activity; extrinsic,
praises or rewards given to motivate
individuals to engage in behavior.
3. Punishment. Any unpleasant
consequences to weaken behavior. A
consequence that a person avoids is
aversion stimulus.
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4. Shaping. This is teaching of new skills or
behavior by motivating and reinforcing
learner to help him reach goals.
5. Extinction. This is the act or condition of
eliminating or decreasing a behavior by
withdrawing the reinforcement.
behavior will be reinforced.
7. Discrimination. This is the act in
response to stimuli.
8. Generalization. This is the act or process
by generalizing behaviors learned under
one set of conditions can be carried over
another conditions or situations.
B. Social Learning Theory
Learning takes place through observation
and sensorial experiences.
Learning from models:
1. Attend to pertinent clues.
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2. Code of memory (store a visual image).
3. Retain in memory.
4. Accurately reproduce the observed
activity.
5. Possess sufficient motivation to apply
new learning.
Four interrelated processes establish and
strengthen identification with the model:
1. Children want to be like the model.
2. Children believe they are like the model.
3. Children experience emotions like those
the model is feeling.
4. Children act like the model.
Through identification, children come to
believe they have the same characteristics
as the model.
When they identify with a nurturing and
competent model, children feel pleases and
proud.
When they identify with an inadequate
model, children feel unhappy and insecure.
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C. Cognitive Theory
a. Max Wertheimer
Gestalt Theory. This theory of learning
emphasizes use of instinct as basic
principle and is opposed to trial and error.
Learning in terms of modification of
behavior that takes place in meaningful
patterns and the Gestalt stresses
configuration.
Learning is based on:
1. Experience
2. Intelligence
3. Learning situation – situation and the
availability of the options are relevant
4. Initial efforts of the organism in form
of trial and error is relevant
5. Repetition and generalization
b. Jerome Bruner
Stages of Cognitive Development
1. Enactive stage (birth to 3 years).
Learn through movement or action.
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 ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES (AICS)

2. Iconic stage (3 to 8 years). Lean 2. Teachers should select learning

through images or icons activities according to the stage of
development of student.
3. Symbolic stage (from 8 years).
Learn through abstract symbols.

Educational Implications of Bruner’s

Theory

1. Spiral Curriculum

3. Education begins with motor

activities.

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STUDY GUIDES

Directions: Answer the following questions

comprehensively.

1. What is learning? why is learning considered the

most universal and important occupation of man?

2. Explain Pavlov classical conditioning theory. What

are some applications of classical conditioning to
classroom teaching?

3. What is operant conditioning? Substantiate your

answer.

4. Explain the meaning of social learning theory and

enumerate its characteristics.

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 ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES (AICS)

NSTP1 (NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM 1)

Environmental Development Benefits
MODULAR/1st SEMESTER/FINALS/WEEK 5
• Contributing to improving the neighborhood’s
appearance as well as residents’ lives

Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, you
must be able to:
7. Examine various environment and social concerns;
8. Develop awareness for these concerns;
9. Provide possible recreational activities which may
be helpful despite today’s crisis.
• Providing economic and social stimulus by boosting
the quality of life in the neighborhood and
surrounding area
• Helping to maintain and even enhance property
value
• Attracting discerning new residents to the area

DYNAMICS IN THE COMMUNITY

ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT

Environmental development is the direct result of

investment in infrastructure, scenic surroundings, green
areas, and public spaces. The planning of green areas
considers water conservation issues, as well as how best
to adapt vegetation to the local climate, while all new
facilities are constructed in line with the specific needs of
the local community.

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ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES

Entrepreneurs are those persons (business owners) who

seek to generate value, through the creation or expansion
of economic activity, by identifying and exploiting new
products, processes, or markets.

Entrepreneurial activity is the enterprising human action

in pursuit of the generation of value, through the creation
or expansion of economic activity, by identifying and
exploiting new products, processes, or markets. A. Retailing. This store is put up to enable customers
to buy merchandise on a per piece basis.
Entrepreneurship is the phenomenon associated with
Customers usually pay in cash for goods bought for
entrepreneurial activity.
their personal consumption.
Types of Entrepreneurial Activities

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 ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES (AICS)

C. Manufacturing. This is the creation of goods from

B. Wholesaling. This type of business sells raw materials, or the assembly of parts to produce
merchandise in bulk to customers whose purpose a finished product. Generally, manufacturers sell
is reselling them. their goods to wholesalers, who in turn pass on to
retailers.

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 ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES (AICS)

Common examples of service business are the

following:

Information Technology – offering technology

D. Service. It is any business that requires work to be
done, with or without the use of tools or equipment,
whether skilled or unskilled.
platforms, software application and systems
Education and Training Services – schools,
tutorial, training centers
Consulting services – offering your knowledge
and work output
Transportation Services – airlines, grab, car
rental
Events and Catering Services
Entertainment – movies, video games and
other entertainment

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 ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES (AICS)

Media – content such as social media, radio

broadcast, television, and newspapers
Financial Services – banking, insurance, and
investment services
Professional Services – services of
professionals such as lawyers, architects,
engineers, doctors
Logistics – delivery services such as
HEALTH SITUATION IN THE PHILIPPINES
Lalamove, LBC courier, Ninja van, JRS
Hospitality Services – hotels, restaurants, The Philippines has made significant investments
and advances in health in recent years.
tourist attractions, and amusement parks
Culture Experiences – museums, Rapid economic growth and strong country
performance art capacity have contributed to Filipinos living longer
and healthier.
Medical Services – hospitals, clinics,
laboratory However, not all the benefits of this growth have
Wellness, Beauty and Fitness – gym, spa, reached the most vulnerable groups, and the health
system remains fragmented.
salon
Sports – golf club, badminton club Health insurance now covers 92% of the
population.

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Maternal and child health services have improved,
with more children living beyond infancy, a higher
number of women delivering at health facilities and
more births being attended by professional service
providers than ever before.
Access to and provision of preventive, diagnostic
and treatment services for communicable diseases
have improved, while there are several initiatives to
reduce illness and death due to noncommunicable
diseases (NCDs).
Despite substantial progress in improving the lives
and health of people in the Philippines,
achievements have not been uniform, and
challenges remain.
Deep inequities persist between regions, rich and
the poor, and different population groups.
Many Filipinos continue to die or suffer from
illnesses that have well-proven, cost-effective
interventions, such tuberculosis, HIV and dengue,
or diseases affecting mothers and children.
Many people lack sufficient knowledge to make
informed decisions about their own health.
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Health Policies and Systems
▪ The Government’s vision for the Philippines
has been translated by the Department of
Health into the Philippine Health Agenda
2016–2022.
▪ Under the motto All for Health Towards
Health for All, universal health coverage is
the platform for health and development in
the Philippines –driven by action within and
outside the health sector.
▪ Reducing health inequities is singled out as
the most important result of three health
guarantees: 1) ensuring financial protection
for the poorest people; 2) improving health
outcomes with no disparities; and 3) building
health service delivery networks for more
responsiveness.
Top 10 Facts on Healthcare in the Philippines
1. The WHO refers to the Filipino Healthcare System
as “fragmented.” There is a history of unfair and
unequal access to health services that significantly
affects the poor. The government spends little
money on the program which causes high out of
pocket spending and further widens the gap
between rich and poor.
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2. Out of the 90 million people living in the Philippines,
many do not get access to basic care. The country
has a high maternal and newborn mortality rate,
and a high fertility rate. This creates problems for
those who have especially limited access to this
basic care or for those living in generally poor health
conditions.
3. Many Filipinos face diseases such as Tuberculosis,
Dengue, Malaria and HIV/AIDS. These diseases
pair with protein-energy malnutrition
and micronutrient deficiencies that are becoming
increasingly common.
4. The population is affected by a high prevalence of
obesity along with heart disease.
5. Healthcare in the Philippines suffers from a
shortage of human medical resources, especially
doctors. This makes the system run slower and less
efficiently.
6. Filipino families who can afford private health
facilities usually choose these as their primary
option. Private facilities provide a better quality of
care than the public facilities that lower income
families usually go to. The public facilities tend to
be in rural areas that are more run down. These
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facilities have fewer medical staff and inferior
supplies.
7. Only 30 percent of health professionals employed
by the government address the health needs of the
majority. Healthcare in the Philippines suffers
because the remaining 70 percent of health
professionals work in the more expensive privately
run sectors.
8. To compensate for the inequality, a program called
Doctors to the Barrios and its private sectors
decided to build nine cancer centers, eight heart
centers and seven transplant centers in regional
medical centers.
9. The Doctors to the Barrios included Public-Private
Partnerships in a plan to modernize the
government-owned hospitals and provide more up
to date medical supplies.
10. More than 3,500 public health facilities were
updated across the country.
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 ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES (AICS)

RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES b. Participant Type. People do not gain enjoyment

merely by watching; they do so by joining the
➢ Held during special occasions activity.
➢ Revitalize all the different aspects of life (physical,
mental, social, emotional)
➢ All activities are held for everybody’s enjoyment

Recreation

➢ Relaxing the mind and the body

➢ It is important to engage in an activity that relieves
a day-to-day tension
➢ Universal need of man

Classification of Recreational Activities

a. Spectator Type. People spend their time watching

the event and derive enjoyment from it.

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 ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES (AICS)

Types of Recreation

a) Active type. People have to function effectively in

performing the action.

b) Passive type. People have no excessive

movement in performing the task or action.

Public Type. Involves the general public.

Private Type. Confined to people working in private

companies.

Commercial Type. Endorsing product which are open to

everybody.
Physical Activity. People exerts efforts and bodily
functions in performing the action.

Mental Activity. The mind is doing the functions with less

body movement.

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Importance of Recreational Activities
It helps manage stress, boosts physical activity,
and ultimately contributes towards improving the
overall quality of life.
Recreation has an array of advantages and effects
on an individual’s life in a variety of ways. Following
is the detailed insight on its importance:
• Physical Health. This helps increase the
overall cardiovascular system as well as
muscular strength.
• Mental Stability. Engagement in physical
activity helps teens manage stress and
anxiety in an extremely efficient way.
• Better Life Satisfaction. Recreation acts as
a tool that helps an individual improve their
personality, improve their physical stature,
reduces tension and anxiety, while
contributes to better creative expansion.
National Service Training Program 1
ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES (AICS)
SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN THE COMMUNITY
Social Problem (also called a social issue or social ill)
This refers to an issue that influences and is
opposed by a considerable number of individuals within a
society.
1. Juvenile Delinquency
Juvenile. Deals with children below 21 years old
who violates laws or who fail to do what the law
requires.
Delinquent. Refers to one who committed an
offense against an individual and is punishable
under our criminal justice system.
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 ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES (AICS)

Juvenile Delinquency is an anti-social, a menace 2. Drug Addiction. It is the state of periodic/chronic

to the people’s welfare, different from what is normal intoxication detrimental to the individual and
action, and which serve as outlet of an instinctive urge. society. It is produced by repeated intake of habit-
This is usually performed by teenagers. forming drugs.

Types of Delinquents Precipitating Factors

a. Environmental delinquents – occasional ➢ Curiosity and natural tendency to experiment
lawbreaker with drugs
➢ Disturbed domestic environment
b. Emotional maladjusted delinquents – chronic
lawbreaker ➢ Escape from tensions and frustrations
➢ Ignorance about ill effects of drugs
c. Psychiatric delinquents – serious emotional
disturbances in the family

Contributory causes

➢ Industrialization
➢ Frustration
➢ Emotional deprivation
➢ Emotional deprivation
➢ Gangs or “barkada” of the wrong kind
➢ Broken homes
➢ Rejection

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 ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES (AICS)

3. Sex Problems 4. Poverty. It is the state or condition of having no

money to buy goods and to provide services to
satisfy one’s basic needs.

Causes of Poverty
➢ Neocolonial
➢ Graft and corruption
➢ Population explosion
➢ Typhoons, fires, earthquakes, floods
➢ Unemployment
➢ Government and politics

Causes of Sex Problems

➢ Influence of media where extra marital

relations and live-in arrangements of movie
folks are publicized
➢ Invention of contraceptives lessens
inhibition
➢ Poverty is the main cause of prostitution
➢ Breaking down of family discipline

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 ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES (AICS)

5. Prostitution and Sexually Transmitted 6. Mail-Order Brides. This refers to a woman who
Diseases. lists herself in catalogs (online or otherwise) and is
selected by a man for marriage.

Causes of Prostitution
➢ Poverty
➢ Changes in environment
Reason
➢ Breakdown of inter-family relations
➢ Lack of affection ➢ Mail-order brides usually come from poor families
and they think they will have a better life abroad.
➢ Illegitimacy
➢ Easy access to health and wealth Result

➢ May be incompatible.

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 ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES (AICS)

7. Employment Abroad. 8. Lack of Peace and Order

Causes
• The lack of jobs in the Philippines has
encouraged many to seek greener pastures,
even at the sacrifice of being separated from
their families.

• Low salary in the Philippines

Result
• Philippines suffers brain drain.
• Nurses go to US and Middle East and are
sometimes exploited by their employers.
• Teachers accept domestic jobs, which is far
below their profession.
• Laborers go to Middle East where often do
Causes
not get the wage that was promised to them.
• The communists, who are getting help from
• Entertainers go to Japan and are sometimes
abroad, want to control the country.
forced into prostitution by illegal recruiters.
• The rising cost of living, lack of jobs, and
poverty
• Ambition and desire for power

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• Lack of strong knowledgeable leadership
has led many to be disappointed and to lose
confidence in the government
• Lack of unity among Filipino people
Effects
• Many Filipinos want to leave the Philippines
and settle in other countries.
• Many political leaders have their own private
armies
• Some people take the law into their own
hands
• Some join the communists on the excuse
that they do not care where their rice come
from as long as they get it.
• Graft and corruption exist even among
people.
National Service Training Program 1
ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES (AICS)
9. Health Care – CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19)
COVID-19 is the infectious disease caused
by the coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which is a
respiratory pathogen. WHO first learned of this new
virus from cases in Wuhan, People’s Republic of
China on 31 December 2019.
The most common symptoms of COVID-19
are:
✓ Fever
✓ Dry cough
✓ Fatigue
People aged 60 and over, and those with
underlying medical problems like high blood
pressure, heart and lung problems, diabetes,
obesity or cancer, are at higher risk of developing
serious illness.
However, anyone can get sick with COVID-19
and become seriously ill or die at any age.
The time from exposure to COVID-19 to the
moment when symptoms begin is, on average, 5-6
days and can range from 1-14 days. This is why
people who have been exposed to the virus are
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advised to stay home, apart from others, for 14
days, in order to prevent the spread of the virus,
especially where testing is not easily available.
Many potential vaccines for COVID-19 are
being studied, and several large clinical trials may
report results later this year. If a vaccine is proven
safe and effective, it must be approved by national
regulators, manufactured, and distributed. WHO is
working with partners around the world to help
coordinate key steps in this process. WHO is
working through the ACT-Accelerator to facilitate
equitable access to a safe and effective vaccine for
the billions of people who will need it, once it is
available.
WHO does not recommend self-medication with
any medicines, including antibiotics, as a
prevention or cure for COVID-19. WHO is
coordinating efforts to develop treatments for
COVID-19 and will continue to provide new
information as it becomes available.
Source:
https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-
coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-
detail/q-a-coronaviruses#:~:text=symptoms
National Service Training Program 1
ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES (AICS)
COVID-19 Pandemic in the Philippines
The COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines is
part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-
2). The first case in the Philippines was identified
on January 30, 2020 and involved a 38-year-old
Chinese woman who was confined at San Lazaro
Hospital in Metro Manila. On February 1, a
posthumous test result from a 44-year-old Chinese
man turned out positive for the virus, making the
Philippines the first country outside China to record
a confirmed death from the disease.
After over a month without recording any cases,
the Philippines confirmed its first local transmission
on March 7. Since then, the virus has spread with
at least one case being recorded in the country's 81
provinces. Socio-economic status has been
associated with the prevalence of COVID-19 cases
across the country. Lockdowns, or community
quarantines, have been imposed throughout the
country since March 15 as a measure to limit the
spread of the virus.
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As of October 16, there have been 351,750
confirmed cases of the disease in the country. Out
of these cases, 294,865 recoveries and 6,531
deaths were recorded. It has the 2nd highest
number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Southeast
Asia (after Indonesia), and ranks 7th in Asia and
20th in the world. The largest single-day increase in
the number of confirmed cases was reported on
August 10, when the Department of Health (DOH)
announced 6,958 new cases.
The Philippines had a slightly lower testing
capacity than its neighbors in Southeast Asia during
the first months of the pandemic in the country. The
Philippines had a slightly lower testing capacity
than its neighbors in Southeast Asia during the first
months of the pandemic in the country. The
Philippines had a slightly lower testing capacity
than its neighbors in Southeast Asia during the first
months of the pandemic in the country. The
Philippines had a slightly lower testing capacity
than its neighbors in Southeast Asia during the first
months of the pandemic in the country.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-
19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines
National Service Training Program 1
ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES (AICS)
STUDY GUIDE
Directions: Explain the following.
1. What benefits can we get when there is
environmental development in our community?
2. Compare and contrast the different types of
entrepreneurial activities. Put your comparison in a
table. Give 3 examples for each.
3. What are the issues faced by our heath care
department? What actions do they take to face
these issues?
4. What benefits can we get from recreational
activities?
5. Looking at the social issues in our community, what
do you think they common denominator? Why do
you say so?
6. How does COVID-19 pandemic affect the life of
every Filipino?
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