CELL STRUCTURES AND FUNCTION$

Cell is the basic unit of life. It is composed of different structures and each has a
specific function. The table below summarizes the cell structures and functions.

PARTS THAT SURROUND THE CELL

Cell re How does it look like? Description/ Function

Cell Membrane Outer covering of the cell that
controls the movement of
materials in and out of the
cell

CellWall Supports & protects cells I

found in plant cell only

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PARTS FOUND INSIDE THE CELL

Cell Structure How does it look like? Descri Function

Nucleus Directs all cell activities
The command center of the
cell. lt is where the DNA,
the storage of genetic
information, is located.

Nuclear Surrounds the nucleus;

Membranes \ otherwise known as
nuclear envelope

Nucleolus Nucleolus Found inside the nucleus

and contains Ribonucleic
Acid needed to build
proteins ,

p
 E ndoplasmic
Reticulum
[rso,:]la5mi( Retili;lurr Moves materials around in
cell. lt has 2 types the
smooth ER which lacks
ribosome and the rough ER
which contains ribosomes
I
R ibosomes
Responr sible for making
proteins ; site of protein
synthesis

Mitochond ria
energy th rough
chemical reactions
breaking down fats &
carbohydrates;
powerhouse of the cell

U
green pigment needed for
photosynthesis; found in \
plant cell only

Golgi or GOLG' APPABATUS

Golgi Body Protein' packaging of the

cells'involves in the
sorting, processing and
packaging of proteins.

Con tains digestive

Lys050mes
enzymes that break down
macromolecules such as
proteins, nucleic acid and
polysaccharides. They also
function as "safety officers',
when they help destroy
harmful bacteria.
Vacuoles
SACS for
storage, digestion, and
waste removal. plant cell
has large vacuole while
animal cell has small
vacuole.

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 It s important to remember that our human boody is made
up of different complex
structures that all work together. There are several levels
of organization to this
structure each level being more complex than the last. The
human hody isconsists of
trillions of cells in all shapes and sizes. These tiny structures
ls the basic unit of
every living organisms. Groups of cells having thesame
function will form tissues.
same group of tissues will form an organ. An crgan with the same function
with the
othe organ will form an organ system. These orgrn system
will in turn work together
in an organism.
study the table below to understand the level of organization
better.
Level of Explanation
Grganization Example

s[w /trtorns .lre defined as the

s@ snrallest unit of tsn tlenrenr

tlrat srilf m*intains lhe
C*rbl:n. Hyelr<:gen.
(}xyqen
properly *f :h;,:t elerl*nt.
&t<uyric l-eve*
sh-"
Alofiii con'lbine to forrr
"r?#
wt"
4x*.*t
molecr-;fes lvlticlr
tan l:i:vr_,
cn!rrely drfferent properttes
\filat€r. DNA.
Carbohyctrates
tha* tlre dtorn. Iltey co*t*in,
Motecular Level
Cells are the sm.rllest unit of
lmlIfitfrI ti{e" {ells arrl enrlo:ecl by a
rrrenrbrane ar <ell v.,a!i *rr<i in Mr-rscle cell, Skin cell,
Neurorr
muf ticeiiul*r organisr"r:s *ften
(ellular Level perfor m specifi c funCtron!.

Tissu*g *regro*psof c*t{* wlttr Muscle. fpitheli*1"

*ir*i{*r fi***t*o** Conntx{ive
Tissue Level

Org.:ns ar* Iiyo or rn*re types

Heart, Liver.
"ft I
\i_$ ?
Oftt:sucs !hal .,.rork toc]{}tlrer to
compl*tr a rpecific t.:sk_ 5tonra c tr
()rgan Level

)
An orq.rn systfr!"r i: group oi
r:rger'!s thet carrier 0rll nlore fliqesrive SysIenr.
gt'ttcr.:lr2g6J rrll of furl(tiLlns. CirculAtory Systern
Organ System Level

ffi
':f-^:
An orga*isr'rr lrilt l*yf r;ll orcl.rrr
tystt:rlis Ilr.:1 ;,rrrattor.r loqel h*r Hurn<ln
e'&
Organisrn*l l_evel
Leyefs of Arganization of
https:ll4' bp.blogspot'com/-FhZuNmsq2fl/TyTBsjfhtbUAAAAAAAAABg/yiksivp4vtyls.!600/hierarchy.jpg

t,

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 you haveaccess in the interneN yau
Note: lf
may check the videa an
organization of Life that can he found in
the fo$owing link asof sepfem
ber 14,
202a : hfips :lrttww.ya utu be.camtTvatc
h ?v=H m Meo rgcu Ko ]P

ACTIVITY 3. CELL TYPES

This activity will help you classify
and specify the functions of the different
cell types of plant and animal cells.

This activity will help you identifiT the

different types of cells in
plant and animal. Write your
answer in the answer sheet
provided.

TYPES OT CELLS

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13
6 L4

2 9
11

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 Bone Cell Types Cartilage Cells

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u3iruldia.eil Dst.l!n$ o5teorte ajsfr.&5l
ldrletH mtc th ili,hs *if, r.ri):{lrE jirJt.!*x !o ,ei({orr}l xre
,sl,!raas, r!r\:r; bni4 t;igli d?s:!rrj.i.til,.i,r1.r.r

. Osteoqenic cells- stem cells.

. Osteoblast;- bone building celtrs, secrere matrix & collagen fiber-s.
' Osl*or'ylcs- lrtatule hnrrc t clls tlr;rt riu lorr3cr se;rttr riuttix.
' Osieoctasts- bone digestion.

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Types of Muscle Cells

lrt
,:ill

skeletal muscle

Glassific*tisns of Epithelia
iplea! !uf,ace

Sasal 9udnc€ SiFple sq!amous

cardia< muscle

Cuboidal

{a) Ciassilication based on flumber

ol cell layers

ss lpical
replaa€d

Columnar smooth mus(le

(b) classrlieafton bn$ed oo eofi shape

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 teIa8l !r{ ?t!}[]e
in6ultr Fat Cells

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Fat
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ffi
Neutrophii

White Blood Cells

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Nucleus' Cytoplascr Head
Fla-.lelldm
l\,,1,d-p!ece

Coro!ta .aCiala il,1itoe hon{iria

rfclircuiar celjsr Acroscme
Cenlrioie
Nucleus

Cortical Zona irellLrcida Axonerne

granule (Jell)'-.cali

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