WIPO Pearl

COVID-19 Glossary
WIPO Pearl
COVID-19 Glossary
Foreword

This glossary contains key concepts related to the COVID-19 pandemic, in the fields
of biology, medicine, and public health, selected and validated by language experts
in the PCT Translation Division, WIPO. These concepts are provided in the 10
languages of the WIPO Pearl terminology database. The definitions were drafted by
terminologists in the PCT Translation Division, WIPO. Approximately half of the
entries were worked on in collaboration with the University of Auckland, New
Zealand. The full contents of this collection of terminology related to COVID-19,
including contexts to illustrate term usage and meaning, term reliability scores,
concept maps, a thematically structured glossary, and links to patents held in
PATENTSCOPE, are available for consultation online in WIPO Pearl.
List of abbreviations

AR Arabic

CHEM Chemical & Materials Technology

DE German

(en-US) English, United States

ENVR Environmental & Safety Engineering

ES Spanish

(es-AR) Spanish, Argentina

(es-CU) Spanish, Cuba

FR French

JA Japanese

KO Korean

MEDI Medical Science & Technology

PT Portuguese

(pt-BR) Portuguese, Brazil

(pt-PT) Portuguese, Portugal

RU Russian

SCIE Natural & Applied Sciences

(syn.) synonym

ZH Chinese

3
 RU приобретенный иммунитет, (syn.) адаптивный
Multilingual Glossary иммунитет
ZH 获得性免疫, (syn.) 适应性免疫

aerosol
A
Suspension of solid or liquid particles in a gas.

acute respiratory distress syndrome CHEM, Chemical elements & compounds

(syn.) ARDS ‫( أيروسول‬syn.) ،‫ هباء جوي‬AR

DE Aerosol
Respiratory disease characterized by the rapid onset ES aerosol
of widespread inflammation in the lungs. FR aérosol

JA エアロゾル, (syn.) エアゾール

MEDI, Pathology
KO 에어로솔
‫ متالزمة الضائقة التنفسية الحادة‬AR
PT aerossol
DE akutes Atemnotsyndrom des Erwachsenen, (syn.) ARDS
RU аэрозоль
ES síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda, (syn.) SDRA
FR syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë, (syn.) SDRA ZH 气溶胶

JA 急性呼吸窮迫症候群, (syn.) 急性呼吸促迫症候群, ARDS

KO 급성 호흡곤란 증후군, (syn.) ARDS ageusia

PT síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo, (syn.)
Disorder characterized by loss of taste.
SDRA
RU острый респираторный дистресс-синдром, (syn.) MEDI, Pathology
ОРДС
‫ فقد حاسة التذوق‬،‫( فقدان حاسة الذوق‬syn.) ،‫ فقد حاسة الذوق‬AR
ZH 急性呼吸窘迫综合征, (syn.) ARDS
DE Ageusie
ES ageusia
FR agueusie
adaptive immunity
JA 味覚消失
(syn.) acquired immunity
KO 무미각증

Immunity acquired during a person’s lifetime upon PT ageusia

exposure to an infectious agent either by previous RU агевзия

infection or immunization. ZH 味觉丧失

MEDI, Anatomy & physiology

airborne transmission
‫ مناعة متكيفة‬،‫( مناعة تكيُفيَّة‬syn.) ،‫ مناعة مكتسبة‬AR
DE erworbene Immunität, (syn.) adaptive Immunität
(syn.) aerosol transmission
ES inmunidad adquirida, (syn.) inmunidad adaptativa
FR immunité acquise, (syn.) immunité adaptative Mode of indirect transmission of an infectious disease
JA 獲得免疫, (syn.) 適応免疫 that occurs when an infectious agent is carried by dust

KO 후천성 면역
or droplet nuclei suspended in the air in the form of
aerosols.
PT imunidade adquirida, (syn.) imunidade adaptativa

4
COVID-19 Glossary

MEDI, Pathology KO 무후각증

‫ انتقال عبر‬،‫( انتقال عن طريق رذاذ‬syn.) ،‫ انتقال عن طريق الهواء‬AR PT anosmia

‫الهواء‬ RU аносмия
DE Übertragung durch Tröpfchenkerne ZH 嗅觉消失
ES transmisión aérea, (syn.) transmisión por aerosoles
FR transmission par aérosol

JA 空気感染, (syn.) 飛沫核感染

antibody

KO 공기 매개 전파, (syn.) 공기 전염 (syn.) immunoglobulin

PT transmissão por aerossóis

Protein produced by B lymphocytes that can recognize
RU аэрозольный механизм передачи
and neutralize an antigen.
ZH 气溶胶传播

SCIE, Biology

angiotensin-converting enzyme ‫ جلوبيلين مناعي‬،‫( جسم مضاد‬syn.) ،‫ ضد‬AR

DE Antikörper, (syn.) Immunglobulin
(syn.) ACE ES anticuerpo, (syn.) inmunoglobulina
FR anticorps, (syn.) immunoglobuline
Class of ectoenzymes found in, e.g., the lungs, heart,
JA 抗体, (syn.) 免疫グロブリン
skin, or blood vessels, whose function is to cleave
circulating peptides, among which angiotensinogen, KO 항체

which are then used to regulate specific cell functions. PT anticorpo, (syn.) imunoglobulina
RU антитело, (syn.) иммуноглобулин
SCIE, Biochemistry
ZH 抗体, (syn.) 免疫球蛋白

‫ انزيم محول لالنجيوتينسين‬AR

DE Angiotensin-konvertierendes Enzym, (syn.) ACE
antigen
ES enzima convertidora de la angiotensina, (syn.) ECA
FR enzyme de conversion de l'angiotensine, (syn.) ECA
Particle, typically a protein, which the immune system
JA アンジオテンシン変換酵素, (syn.) ACE
recognizes as foreign.
KO 안지오텐신 전환효소, (syn.) ACE
SCIE, Biology
PT enzima conversora de angiotensina, (syn.) ECA
RU ангиотензин-превращающий фермент, (syn.) АПФ ‫) مولد مضاد‬syn.( ،‫ مستضد‬AR

(syn.) ангиотензин-конвертирующий фермент, (syn.) АКФ DE Antigen

ES antígeno
ZH 血管紧张素转换酶, (syn.) ACE
FR antigène

JA 抗原
anosmia
KO 항원

Disorder characterized by loss of smell. PT antígeno

RU антиген
MEDI, Pathology
ZH 抗原
‫ فقدان حاسة الشم‬AR
DE Anosmie
ES anosmia
asymptomatic transmission
FR anosmie

JA 無嗅覚

5
COVID-19 Glossary

Mode of transmission of an infectious disease to ‫ عدد تكاثر أساسي‬AR

another person from an infected person who does not DE Basisreproduktionszahl, (syn.) 𝑅₀
ES número básico de reproducción, (syn.) 𝑅₀, tasa de
develop symptoms.
contagio, tasa de reproducción
MEDI, Pathology FR taux de reproduction de base, (syn.) 𝑅₀

‫ انتقال من مصاب بدون أعراض‬AR JA 基本再生産数, (syn.) 𝑅₀

DE asymptomatische Übertragung KO 기초감염재생산수

ES transmisión asintomática
PT número básico de reprodução, (syn.) 𝑅₀
FR transmission asymptomatique
RU базовое репродуктивное число, (syn.) 𝑅₀
JA 無症候性感染
ZH 基本传染数, (syn.) 𝑅₀
KO 무증상 전파

PT transmissão assintomática
biostatistics
RU бессимптомная передача
ZH 无症状传播 Application of statistical methods and tools to the fields
of biological sciences and medicine, including study
design, data collection and analysis, and interpretation
attack rate
of findings.
Proportion of people that contract a disease in a
MEDI, Public health & hygiene
population initially free of the disease, i.e. during a
disease outbreak. ‫ إحصاء بيولوجي‬AR
DE Biostatistik
MEDI, Public health & hygiene ES bioestadística
FR biostatistique
‫ معدل هجوم‬AR
DE Befallsrate JA 生物統計学
ES tasa de ataque
KO 생물통계학
FR taux d'attaque
PT bioestatística
JA 発病率
RU биостатистика
KO 발병률 ZH 生物统计学

PT taxa de ataque
RU показатель пораженности
blood plasma
ZH 罹患率

(syn.) plasma

B Liquid part of the blood in which red and white blood

cells and platelets are suspended and which carries
such blood cells as well as proteins, mineral salts,
basic reproduction number sugars, fats, and hormones throughout the body.

(syn.) basic reproduction ratio, basic reproductive MEDI, Anatomy & physiology

ratio, 𝑅₀ ‫ بالزما‬،‫( بالزما الدم‬syn.) ،‫ مصورة الدم‬AR

DE Blutplasma
Average number of secondary cases that one case
ES plasma sanguíneo, (syn.) plasma
produces in a population at risk.
FR plasma sanguin, (syn.) plasma

MEDI, Public health & hygiene JA 血漿

6
COVID-19 Glossary

KO 혈장 Proportion of people who die of a given disease out of

PT plasma sanguíneo, (syn.) plasma

all the confirmed cases.

RU плазма крови
MEDI, Public health & hygiene
ZH 血浆
‫( معدل وفيات الحالة‬syn.) ،‫ معدل إماتة الحالة‬AR
DE Fall-Verstorbenen-Anteil
ES tasa de letalidad
C FR taux de létalité

JA 致死率, (syn.) CFR

case KO 치사율, (syn.) 치명률

PT taxa de letalidade, (syn.) taxa de letalidade dos casos

Person who is diagnosed as having a disease.
RU показатель летальности
MEDI, Public health & hygiene ZH 病死率

‫( حالة مرضية‬syn.) ،‫ حالة‬AR

DE Fall
casual contact
ES caso
FR cas Person who has been in the proximity of a person
JA 症例 affected by an infectious disease but does not live with

KO 사례 or care for the infected person.

PT caso MEDI, Public health & hygiene

RU случай
‫ مخالط عابر‬AR
ZH 病例
DE Kontaktperson der Kategorie II
ES contacto ocasional

case definition FR contact occasionnel

JA 非濃厚接触者
Set of criteria used to decide whether a person has
KO 일상접촉
contracted a specific disease.
PT contato casual, (syn.) contacto casual (pt-PT)
MEDI, Public health & hygiene RU случайный контакт
ZH 偶然接触者
‫( تعريف حالة مرضية‬syn.) ،‫ تعريف حالة‬AR
DE Falldefinition
ES definición de caso
chain of infection
FR définition de cas

JA 症例定義 Process in which an infectious agent leaves its

KO 사례 정의 reservoir or host through a portal of exit, is conveyed

by a mode of transmission, and enters a susceptible
PT definição de caso
host through a portal of entry.
RU эпидемиологическое определение случая
ZH 病例定义 SCIE, Biology

‫ سلسلة عدوى‬AR
case fatality rate DE Übertragungskette
ES cadena de transmission, (syn.) cadena epidemiológica
(syn.) CFR FR chaîne de transmission

JA 感染の連鎖, (syn.) 感染成立の連鎖

7
COVID-19 Glossary

KO 감염사슬 Aggregation of cases of a disease within a given place

PT cadeia de transmissão
and time.

RU цепь передачи инфекции, (syn.) инфекционная цепь

MEDI, Public health & hygiene
ZH 感染链
‫ عنقود‬AR
DE Cluster
chloroquine ES conglomerado de casos
FR cluster
Quinoline that is substituted at position 4 by a [5-
JA クラスター
(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group and at position
KO 군집
7 by chlorine and is used for the treatment of e.g.
malaria, lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis. PT conglomerado
RU кластер
MEDI, Pharmacology ZH 集群

‫( كلوروكين‬syn.) ،‫ كلوروكوين‬AR
DE Chloroquin
computed tomography
ES cloroquina
FR chloroquine
(syn.) computer-assisted tomography,
JA クロロキン
computerized tomography, CT
KO 클로로퀸
Medical imaging technique by which three-dimensional
PT cloroquina
images of the body are obtained by directing a beam of
RU хлорохин
x-rays at the patient and quickly rotating them around
ZH 氯喹
the patient’s body, producing cross-sectional images
that are then stacked together by a computed
close contact tomography scanner.

Person who lives with, cares for, or has direct contact MEDI, Diagnostic equipment & procedures

with the respiratory secretions or body fluids of, a

‫ تصوير مقطعي‬AR
person affected by an infectious disease. DE Computertomographie, CT
ES tomografía computarizada, (syn.) TC
MEDI, Public health & hygiene
FR tomographie assistée par ordinateur, (syn.)
‫ مخالط قريب‬AR tomodensitométrie, TDM
DE Kontaktperson der Kategorie I JA コンピュータ断層撮影
ES contacto cercano
FR contact étroit KO 컴퓨터단층촬영, (syn.) 전산화 단층촬영, CT

JA 濃厚接触者 PT tomografia computadorizada, (syn.) tomografia

computorizada, TC
KO 밀접접촉
RU компьютерная томография, (syn.) KT
PT contato próximo, (syn.) contacto próximo (pt-PT) ZH 计算机断层扫描, (syn.) 计算机断层成像, 电子计算机断
RU тесный контакт 层成像
ZH 密切接触者

confirmed case
cluster
Case that is confirmed by a laboratory test.
(syn.) disease cluster

8
COVID-19 Glossary

MEDI, Public health & hygiene RU наблюдение за контактами

ZH 接触者随访
‫( حالة مؤكدة اإلصابة بالمرض‬syn.) ،‫ حالة مؤكدة‬AR
DE bestätigter Fall
ES caso confirmado, (syn.) paciente confirmado
contact identification
FR cas positif

JA 確定例, (syn.) 確定症例 Process aimed at identifying all contacts of a case by

asking about the activities of the case and the activities
KO 확진자, (syn.) 확진 환자
and roles of the people around the case since the
PT caso confirmado
onset of the disease.
RU подтвержденный случай
ZH 确诊病例 MEDI, Public health & hygiene

‫ تحديد مخالطين‬AR

contact DE Identifizierung von Kontaktpersonen

ES identificación de contactos
Person who has been in the proximity of another FR identification des contacts
person affected by an infectious disease and who is at JA 接触者の特定
risk of having contracted this disease.
KO 접촉자 확인

MEDI, Public health & hygiene PT identificação de contatos, (syn.) identificação de

contactos (pt-PT)
‫ مخالط‬AR
RU выявление контактов, (syn.) идентификация
DE Kontaktperson
контактных лиц
ES contacto
ZH 接触者识别
FR contact, (syn.) personne contact

JA 接触者

KO 접촉자 contact tracing

PT contato, (syn.) contacto (pt-PT) Process of identification, listing and follow-up of
RU контактное лицо
contacts.
ZH 接触者
MEDI, Public health & hygiene

‫ تتبع مخالطين‬AR
contact follow-up
DE Contact Tracing
Process of monitoring the contacts of a case for ES rastreo de contactos

symptoms of the disease. FR traçage des contacts

JA 接触追跡
MEDI, Public health & hygiene
KO 접촉자 추적
‫ متابعة مخالطين‬AR
PT rastreamento de contatos, (syn.) rastreamento de
DE Kontaktpersonen-Nachverfolgung
contactos (pt-PT)
ES seguimiento de contactos
RU отслеживание контактов
FR suivi des contacts
ZH 接触者追踪
JA 接触者のフォローアップ

KO 접촉자 관리
containment
PT seguimento de contatos, (syn.) acompanhamento de
contatos Strategy adopted by a public body to cut off
transmission of a disease.

9
COVID-19 Glossary

MEDI, Public health & hygiene FR coronavirus, (syn.) CoV

JA コロナウイルス
‫ احتواء‬AR
DE Eindämmung KO 코로나바이러스
ES contención
PT coronavírus, (syn.) CoV
FR endiguement
RU коронавирус
JA 封じ込め ZH 冠状病毒, (syn.) CoV

KO 전파차단

PT contenção
coronavirus disease 2019
RU сдерживание
ZH 围堵 (syn.) COVID-19

Infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2.

convalescent plasma therapy
MEDI, Pathology
Therapeutic treatment whereby the blood plasma
19-‫ مرض كوفيد‬AR
donated by individuals who have recovered from an
DE Covid-19
infectious disease is introduced into the blood of ES enfermedad por coronavirus 2019, (syn.) covid-19
people who are suffering from the same disease in FR COVID-19, (syn.) Covid-19, covid-19
order to help control the symptoms and limit the JA 新型コロナウイルス感染症, (syn.) COVID-19
progression of the disease.
KO 코로나바이러스감염증-19
MEDI, Therapeutics PT doença do coronavírus 2019, (syn.) COVID-19
RU коронавирусная болезнь 2019 года, (syn.) COVID-19
‫ عالج ببالزما النقاهة‬AR
ZH 2019 冠状病毒病, (syn.) COVID-19
DE Therapie mit Rekonvaleszentenplasma
ES tratamiento con plasma de convalecientes
FR utilisation thérapeutique de plasma de convalescents
cough reflex
JA 回復期血漿療法
Body's natural response to help clear irritants from the
KO 회복기혈장치료
airways.
PT terapia com plasma convalescente, (syn.) tratamento
com plasma convalescente MEDI, Anatomy & physiology
RU переливание плазмы от реконвалесцентов
‫ منعكس السعال‬AR
ZH 恢复期血浆治疗, (syn.) 康复者血浆治疗
DE Hustenreflex
ES reflejo tusígeno, (syn.) reflejo de la tos
coronavirus FR réflexe tussigène

JA 咳嗽反射, (syn.) 咳反射

(syn.) CoV

KO 기침 반사
Family of viruses that consist of a core comprising a
PT reflexo de tosse
positive-sense single-stranded RNA, an envelope, a
RU кашлевой рефлекс
capsid, and spikes.
ZH 咳嗽反射
SCIE, Biology
cytokine release syndrome
‫ فيروس مكلل‬،‫( فيروس إكليلي‬syn.) ،‫ فيروس تاجي‬AR
DE Coronavirus
(syn.) CRS
ES coronavirus, (syn.) CoV

10
COVID-19 Glossary

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by ‫ انتقال مباشر‬AR

a large and rapid release of cytokines into the blood, DE direkte Kontaktübertagung, (syn.) direkte Übertragung
ES transmisión directa
which may be triggered by different factors, e.g. a viral
FR transmission par contact direct
infection or the use of certain drugs in immunotherapy.
JA 直接接触感染
MEDI, Pathology
KO 직접 접촉전파
‫ متالزمة إفراز السيتوكين‬AR
PT transmissão direta
DE Zytokin-Freisetzungssyndrom
RU прямой контактный путь передачи
ES síndrome de liberación de citocinas, (syn.) tormenta de
ZH 直接接触传播
citocinas
FR syndrome de libération de cytokines

JA サイトカイン放出症候群, (syn.) CRS disease

KO 사이토카인 방출 증후군
Abnormal condition that has a negative impact on the
PT síndrome de liberação de citocinas structure or function of all or part of an organism,
RU синдром выброса цитокинов
generally associated with certain signs and symptoms.
ZH 细胞因子释放综合征
MEDI, Pathology

‫( داء‬syn.) ،‫ مرض‬AR
D DE Krankheit
ES enfermedad
FR maladie
death-to-case ratio JA 疾病, (syn.) 疾患

Number of deaths attributed to a particular disease in a KO 질병, (syn.) 병

specified period divided by the number of new cases of PT doença
the disease identified during the same period. RU болезнь
ZH 疾病
MEDI, Public health & hygiene

‫ معدل الوفيات من الحاالت المصابة‬AR

DE Sterblichkeitsrate disease outbreak
ES razón de muertes por casos nuevos
Cluster of a disease with a common cause and an
FR taux de mortalité
overall number of cases that is inferior to that of an
JA 死亡罹患比
epidemic.
KO 신규 확진자 대비 신규 사망자 비율
MEDI, Public health & hygiene
PT taxa de mortalidade
RU cоотношение умерших и заболевших ‫ تفشي مرض‬AR
ZH 病例死亡比 DE Ausbruch
ES brote epidémico
FR flambée épidémique
direct contact transmission JA 集団発生, (syn.) アウトブレイク

Mode of transmission that occurs when an infectious KO 질병 발생

agent is transferred from a reservoir to a host by direct PT surto
contact or droplet transmission. RU вспышка болезни
ZH 疾病爆发
MEDI, Pathology

11
COVID-19 Glossary

MEDI, Anatomy & physiology

deoxyribonucleic acid ‫ نوى رذاذ‬AR

DE Tröpfchenkern
(syn.) DNA ES núcleo goticular
FR noyau de gouttelettes
Double-stranded nucleic acid whose nucleotides
JA 飛沫核
consist of a backbone made up by a modified sugar,
KO 비말핵
called deoxyribose, a nitrogenous base, i.e. adenine,
guanine, cytosine, and thymine, and a phosphate PT núcleo goticular
RU капельное ядро
group.
ZH 飞沫核
SCIE, Biochemistry

‫( دنا‬syn.) ،‫ حمض نووي منقوص األكسجين‬AR

droplet transmission
DE Desoxyribonukleinsäure, (syn.) Desoxyribonucleinsäure,
DNA, DNS (syn.) droplet spread
ES ácido desoxirribonucleico, (syn.) ADN
FR acide désoxyribonucléique, (syn.) ADN Mode of direct transmission of an infectious disease
JA デオキシリボ核酸, (syn.) DNA that occurs when a person is in the proximity of an
infected person who has respiratory symptoms, e.g.,
KO 디옥시리보핵산, (syn.) DNA
via coughing, sneezing, breathing, or talking.
PT ácido desoxirribonucleico, (syn.) ADN
RU дезоксирибонуклеиновая кислота, (syn.) ДНК MEDI, Pathology
ZH 脱氧核糖核酸, (syn.) DNA
‫ انتقال عن طريق قطيرات‬AR
DE Tröpchenübertragung
ES transmisión por gotículas
drive-through testing
FR transmission par gouttelettes

Method of performing swab tests on people whilst they JA 飛沫感染, (syn.) 飛沫散布
remain in their vehicles.
KO 비말전파

MEDI, Medical care PT transmissão por gotículas respiratórias, (syn.)

transmissão por gotículas
‫ فحص من السيارة‬AR
RU воздушно-капельный путь передачи
DE Drive-in für Corona-Test
ZH 飞沫传播
ES prueba desde el auto
FR test de dépistage en voiture

JA ドライブスルー検査
E
KO 승차 검진

PT rastreio drive-through
RU тестирование по принципу «не выходя из машины» elimination
ZH 免下车检测
(syn.) suppression, elimination strategy

droplet nucleus Strategy adopted by a public body to reduce to zero

the incidence of a disease in a given geographical
Dried residue, approximately ≤ 5 μm in diameter, which area.
results from the evaporation of droplets coughed or
MEDI, Public health & hygiene
sneezed into the air.

12
COVID-19 Glossary

‫ استراتيجية‬،‫( استراتيجية مكافحة مرض‬syn.) ،‫ خطة قضاء على مرض‬AR RU уборка помещений
‫قضاء على مرض‬ ZH 环境清洁
DE Tilgung
ES eliminación
FR élimination epidemic curve
JA 排除
Graphical representation of the incidence of a disease
KO 제거 전략 or other health-related event plotted over time.
PT eliminação
MEDI, Public health & hygiene
RU cтратегия ликвидации
ZH 消除, (syn.) 消除策略 ‫ منحنى وبائي‬AR
DE epidemische Kurve
ES curva epidemiológica
endemic disease FR courbe épidémique

JA 流行曲線
Disease for which there are as many cases as would
be expected in a given population at a given time. KO 유행곡선

PT curva epidêmica, (syn.) curva epidémica (pt-PT)

MEDI, Public health & hygiene Public health & hygiene
RU эпидемическая кривая
‫ مرض متوطن‬AR ZH 流行曲线
DE Endemie
ES endemia
FR endémie epidemic disease
JA 風土病
Disease for which there are many more cases than
KO 풍토병 would be expected at a given time in a given
PT doença endêmica, (syn.) doença endémica (pt-PT) population and which can be ascribed to the same
RU эндемическое заболевание cause.
ZH 地方病
MEDI, Public health & hygiene

‫ مرض وبائي‬AR
environmental cleaning DE Epidemie
ES epidemia
Set of actions and processes, including cleaning,
FR épidémie
disinfecting and monitoring, implemented in places at
JA 流行病
risk of spread of an infectious agent through
contaminated objects. KO 유행병

PT epidemia, (syn.) doença epidêmica, doença epidémica

MEDI, Public health & hygiene
(pt-PT)
‫( تنظيف بيئة محيطة‬syn.) ،‫ تنظيف بيئي‬AR RU эпидемическое заболевание
DE Krankenhaushygiene ZH 流行病
ES limpieza ambiental
FR nettoyage de l'environnement

JA 環境清掃
epidemic threshold

KO 환경관리 Number of individuals within a population at risk that is

PT limpeza ambiental required for an epidemic to occur.

MEDI, Public health & hygiene

13
COVID-19 Glossary

‫ عتبة وباء‬AR KO 발열, (syn.) 열

DE epidemische Schwelle
PT febre
ES umbral epidémico
RU лихорадка, (syn.) повышение температуры тела
FR seuil épidémique
ZH 发热 (syn.) 发烧
JA 流行閾値

KO 유행 기준치
filtering facepiece respirator
PT limite epidêmico, (syn.) limiar epidêmico, limiar
epidémico (pt-PT)
(syn.) filtering face-piece respirator, FFR
RU эпидемический порог
ZH 流行阈值 Respiratory protective equipment that uses filters to
remove hazardous substances from the air being
breathed by the wearer.
epidemiology
ENVR, Personal protective equipment
Scientific study of the occurrence of a disease or other
‫ قناع تنفس مرشح‬AR
health-related event in specified populations, and its
application to the control of health problems. DE partikelfiltrierende Halbmaske
ES mascarilla autofiltrante
MEDI, Public health & hygiene
FR masque de protection respiratoire, (syn.) masque FFP
‫( علم األوبئة‬syn.) ،‫ علم الوبائيات‬AR JA フィルター式フェイスピースレスピレーター
DE Epidemiologie
KO 방진 마스크
ES epidemiología
FR épidémiologie PT máscara autofiltrante
RU фильтрующая лицевая маска, (syn.) фильтрующий
JA 疫学
респиратор
KO 역학 ZH 过滤面罩呼吸器
PT epidemiologia
RU эпидемиология
ZH 流行病学 fomite

Inanimate object contaminated by an infectious agent

that can indirectly transmit an infectious disease.
F
MEDI, Pathology

‫ أداة عدوى‬AR
fever
DE unbelebter Vektor
ES fómite, (syn.) vector pasivo
(syn.) pyrexia
FR vecteur passif
Innate immune response mechanism that increases a JA 媒介物
person’s body temperature above the normal level.
KO 매개물

MEDI, Anatomy & physiology PT fômite, (syn.) fómite (pt-PT)

RU фомит
‫( سخونة‬syn.) ،‫ حمى‬AR
ZH 物媒
DE Fieber
ES fiebre
FR fièvre
full face shield
JA 発熱

14
COVID-19 Glossary

(syn.) face shield (syn.) full-face visor (syn.) visor or to help the organism produce a protein that can be
beneficial for it.
Personal protective equipment that protects the
wearer’s eyes and face from sprays, splashes, and MEDI, Therapeutics

large-particle droplets, and prevents the spread of ‫( عالج بالجينات‬syn.) ،‫ عالج جيني‬AR
respiratory droplets from the wearer to others. DE Gentherapie
ES genoterapia, (syn.) terapia génica
ENVR, Personal protective equipment
FR thérapie génique
‫( قناع وجه‬syn.) ،‫ قناع واق‬AR JA 遺伝子治療
DE Gesichtsschutz
KO 유전자 치료
ES pantalla facial
FR visière PT terapia gênica, (syn.) terapia génica (pt-PT)

JA 顔面保護シールド RU генная терапия

ZH 基因治疗
KO 안면보호구

PT viseira de proteção facial

RU лицевой щиток genome
ZH 防护面罩
Complete set of DNA of a living organism, including all
of its genes.

G SCIE, Genetics

‫( مجين‬syn.) ،‫ ِجينُوم‬AR
DE Genom
gene
ES genoma

Sequence of DNA that carries the required information FR génome

for making a specific molecule, typically a protein. JA ゲノム

KO 게놈, (syn.) 유전체

SCIE, Genetics
PT genoma
‫( مورثة‬syn.) ،‫ جين‬AR
RU геном
DE Gen
ZH 基因组
ES gen
FR gène

JA 遺伝子
H
KO 유전자

PT gene
RU ген hand sanitizer
ZH 基因
Gel, foam, or liquid used for handwashing that may or
may not contain alcohol.
gene therapy
CHEM, Detergents & cleaning agents

Therapeutic treatment whereby one or more foreign ‫ معقم يدين‬AR

genes are inserted into the genome of an organism by DE Händedesinfektionsmittel
means of a vector, to compensate for abnormal genes ES gel hidroalcohólico, (syn.) alcohol en gel
FR désinfectant pour les mains

15
COVID-19 Glossary

JA 手指消毒剤 иммунитет
ZH 群体免疫
KO 손 세정제

PT gel desinfetante, (syn.) álcool-gel

RU кожный антисептик, (syn.) антисептическое средство high-risk group
для рук, санитайзер
ZH 免洗洗手液
Part of a population at risk that has higher than
average prevalence, incidence or severity of a disease.

MEDI, Public health & hygiene

hand washing
‫ فئة أكثر عرضة لإلصابة‬AR
Action of removing any unwanted substance or DE besonders gefährdete Personengruppe
microorganism from a person's hands using water or ES grupo de alto riesgo
another liquid, with or without soap or other detergents. FR groupe à haut risque

JA ハイリスク群, (syn.) 高危険群

MEDI, Public health & hygiene
KO 고위험군
‫ غسل يدين‬AR
DE Händewaschen PT grupo de alto risco
ES lavado de las manos RU группа риска
FR lavage des mains ZH 高危人群

JA 手洗い

KO 손 씻기 hospital gown
PT lavagem das mãos
Garment of personal protective equipment worn in
RU мытье рук
healthcare settings to reduce the risk of exposure to
ZH 洗手
infectious agents.

MEDI, Medical equipment

herd immunity
‫ عباءة طبية‬AR
(syn.) community immunity DE Schutzkittel
ES bata quirúrgica
Indirect protection from an infectious agent achieved in
FR casaque
a population at risk when a sufficiently large proportion
JA 医療用ガウン
of individuals in the population show an acquired
immunity to that infectious agent. KO 환자복

PT bata hospitalar
MEDI, Public health & hygiene
RU больничная одежда
‫( مناعة مجتمع‬syn.) ،‫ مناعة قطيع‬AR ZH 医用防护服
DE Herdenimmunität
ES inmunidad de grupo, (syn.) inmunidad colectiva,
inmunidad de rebaño
hospitalization
FR immunité de groupe

JA 集団免疫 Admission and stay of a patient in a hospital for

treatment.
KO 집단 면역

PT imunidade de grupo, (syn.) imunidade comunitária MEDI, Medical care

RU коллективный иммунитет, (syn.) популяционный
‫ استشفاء‬AR

16
COVID-19 Glossary

DE Krankenhausaufenthalt immune response

ES hospitalización
FR hospitalisation Reaction of the immune system of an organism to
JA 入院 potentially harmful stimuli.

KO 입원 MEDI, Anatomy & physiology

PT hospitalização
‫ استجابة مناعية‬AR
RU госпитализация
DE Immunantwort
ZH 住院治疗
ES respuesta inmunitaria, (syn.) respuesta immune
FR réponse immunitaire, (syn.) réaction immunitaire

JA 免疫反応, (syn.) 免疫応答

host
KO 면역 반응
Person or animal infected by an infectious agent.
PT resposta imunitária, (syn.) resposta imune, resposta
SCIE, Biology imunológica
RU иммунный ответ
‫( مضيف‬syn.) ،‫ عائل‬AR
ZH 免疫反应
DE Wirt
ES hospedador, (syn.) hospedero
FR hôte
immune system
JA 宿主
Network of cells and antibodies that defends the body
KO 숙주
against the attack of agents perceived as extraneous
PT hospedeiro
and potentially harmful to it by triggering an immune
RU хозяин
response, which can be specific (adaptive) or not
ZH 宿主
specific (innate).

MEDI, Anatomy & physiology

hygiene
‫ جهاز مناعي‬AR
Set of practices that help to maintain health and DE Immunsystem
prevent the spread of diseases. ES sistema inmunitario, (syn.) sistema inmunológico
FR système immunitaire
MEDI, Public health & hygiene
JA 免疫系
‫( نظافة صحية‬syn.) ،‫ نظافة‬AR
KO 면역계
DE Hygiene
ES higiene PT sistema imunitário, (syn.) sistema imunológico, sistema

FR hygiène imune
RU иммунная система
JA 衛生
ZH 免疫系统
KO 위생

PT higiene
RU гигиена
immunity
ZH 卫生
Condition of being protected against an infectious
disease.

I MEDI, Anatomy & physiology

‫ مناعة‬AR

17
COVID-19 Glossary

DE Immunität Lapse of time between the exposure to an infectious

ES inmunidad agent and the onset of the symptoms of a disease.
FR immunité
MEDI, Pathology
JA 免疫

‫ فترة حضانة‬AR
KO 면역
DE Inkubationszeit
PT imunidade
ES período de incubación
RU иммунитет
FR période d'incubation
ZH 免疫力
JA 潜伏期間

KO 잠복기
imported case
PT período de incubação
RU инкубационный период
Case who has a history of travel from an affected area
ZH 潜伏期
some time before the onset of the disease and cannot
be linked to local transmission.

MEDI, Public health & hygiene

index case

‫ حالة مستوردة‬AR (syn.) index patient

DE importierter Fall
ES caso importado The first known case of the outbreak of a disease in a
FR cas importé cluster.

JA 輸入症例
MEDI, Public health & hygiene

KO 해외유입 사례
‫ حالة دالة‬AR
PT caso importado DE Indexfall
RU завозной случай ES caso índice
ZH 境外输入病例 FR cas index

JA インデックスケース, (syn.) 発端者, 最初の患者

incidence
KO 지표환자, (syn.) 최초 환자

New cases of a disease arising in a given period in a PT caso índice

population at risk. RU индексный случай, (syn.) индексный пациент

ZH 指示病例
MEDI, Public health & hygiene

‫ معدل حدوث‬AR
indirect contact transmission
DE Incidenz
ES incidencia
Mode of transmission that occurs when an infectious
FR incidence
agent is transferred from a reservoir to a host by
JA 罹患率, (syn.) 発生率
means of a vehicle, i.e. water, food or air, a vector or a
KO 발생률 fomite.
PT incidência
MEDI, Pathology
RU заболеваемость, (syn.) инцидентность
ZH 发生率 ‫ انتقال غير مباشر‬AR
DE indirekte Kontaktübertragung
ES transmisión indirecta
incubation period FR transmission par contact indirect

18
COVID-19 Glossary

JA 間接接触感染 Disease caused by a pathogen.

KO 간접 접촉 전파 MEDI, Pathology

PT transmissão indireta ‫ مرض معد‬AR

RU непрямой контактный путь передачи DE Infektionskrankheit
ZH 间接接触传播 ES enfermedad infecciosa
FR maladie infectieuse

JA 感染症
infection fatality rate
KO 감염병
(syn.) IFR
PT doença infecciosa

Proportion of people who will die of a certain disease RU инфекционнoe заболеваниe

ZH 传染病
out of all those who have been infected.

MEDI, Public health & hygiene

infectivity
‫ معدل إماتة عدوى‬AR
DE Infizierten-Verstorbenen-Anteil Ability of an infectious agent to enter, survive, and
ES tasa de letalidad multiply in a host.
FR taux de mortalité par infection, (syn.) IFR
SCIE, Biology
JA 感染死亡率, (syn.) 感染致死率

KO 감염 치사율 ‫ قدرة على إحداث عدوى‬AR

DE Infektiosität
PT taxa de letalidade da infecção, (syn.) letalidade dos
ES infecciosidad
infectados
FR infectiosité
RU коэффициент смертности от инфекции
JA 感染力
ZH 感染死亡率
KO 감염력

PT infecciosidade, (syn.) infectividade

infectious agent
RU инфективность

Biological agent that may or may not cause an ZH 感染力

infectious disease.

MEDI, Pathology inflammation

‫ عامل معد‬AR Series of innate immunity processes initiated by the

DE Infektionserreger body in response to an injury.
ES agente infeccioso
FR agent infectieux MEDI, Anatomy & physiology

JA 感染病原体, (syn.) 感染因子 ‫ التهاب‬AR

KO 감염원 DE Entzündung
ES inflamación
PT agente infeccioso
FR inflammation
RU инфекционный агент
JA 炎症
ZH 传染病原体
KO 염증

PT inflamação
infectious disease

19
COVID-19 Glossary

RU воспаление
ZH 炎症
L

laboratory test
intensive care unit
Diagnostic test performed on samples of a person’s
(syn.) critical care unit, ICU, CCU
body, e.g. blood, urine, saliva, tissues, typically in
Hospital facility that provides critical care and life specially equipped facilities.
support for acutely ill or injured patients.
MEDI, Diagnostic equipment & procedures

MEDI, Medical care

‫ اختبار مخبري‬،‫( فحص مختبري‬syn.) ،‫ فحص مخبري‬AR

،‫ وحدة عناية مكثفة‬،‫( وحدة رعاية مركزة‬syn.) ،‫ وحدة عناية مركزة‬AR DE Labortest

‫وحدة رعاية مكثفة‬ ES prueba de laboratorio

DE Intensivstation FR examen de laboratoire

ES unidad de cuidados intensivos, (syn.) unidad de terapia JA 検体検査

intensiva, UCI, UTI
KO 실험실 검사
FR unité de soins intensifs, (syn.) USI
PT teste laboratorial
JA 集中治療室, (syn.) ICU
RU лабораторный анализ
KO 중환자실, (syn.) 집중치료실 ZH 实验室检验
PT unidade de cuidados intensivos, (syn.) UCI
RU отделение реанимации и интенсивной терапии,
(syn.) ОРИТ lockdown
ZH 重症监护室, (syn.) 加护病房
(syn.) confinement

Strategy adopted by a public body because of an

intubation
emergency that requires people to remain in a certain
(syn.) endotracheal intubation location which they may not leave other than for
exceptional reasons.
Invasive lung ventilation method in which a tube is
MEDI, Public health & hygiene
inserted into the patient’s trachea through the mouth or
nose. ‫ إغالق‬AR
DE Massenquarantäne
MEDI, Surgery
ES confinamiento
‫ تنبيب‬AR FR confinement
DE Intubation, (syn.) Intubierung JA 都市封鎖, (syn.) ロックダウン
ES intubación
KO 봉쇄
FR intubation

JA 挿管 PT confinamento
RU режим изоляции
KO 삽관
ZH 封锁
PT intubação
RU интубация
ZH 插管术
M

20
COVID-19 Glossary

magnetic resonance imaging Lung ventilation provided by driving fresh air into the
lungs by positive pressure and/or by pumping
(syn.) magnetic resonance tomography, nuclear expiratory air out of the lungs by negative pressure.
magnetic resonance imaging, MRI, MRT, NMRI
MEDI, Medical care
Medical imaging technique by which three-dimensional
‫تهوية ميكانيكية‬ AR
images of the body are obtained by exciting protons DE maschinelle Beatmung
present in the water of living tissues and detecting the ES ventilación mecánica
change in the direction of their rotational axis by FR ventilation artificielle
means of a magnetic resonance imaging scanner. JA 機械的換気, (syn.) MV

MEDI, Diagnostic equipment & procedures KO 기계환기

‫ تصوير بالرنين المغناطيسي‬AR PT ventilação mecânica

DE Magnetresonanztomographie, (syn.) MRT, RU искусственная вентиляция лёгких, (syn.) аппаратное

Kernspintomographie, Magnetresonanz-Bildgebung дыхание, ИВЛ

ES imagen por resonancia magnética, (syn.) IRM ZH 机械通气

FR imagerie par résonance magnétique, (syn.) imagerie par

résonance magnétique nucléaire, IRM
mechanical ventilator
JA 磁気共鳴映像法

KO 자기공명영상, (syn.) 자기공명영상법, MRI (syn.) ventilator

PT imagiologia por ressonância magnética, (syn.) IRM Machine that helps patients to breathe by driving fresh
RU магнитно-резонансная томография, (syn.)
air into the lungs by positive pressure and/or by
ядерномагнитно-резонансная томография, ЯМРТ
pumping expiratory air out of the lungs by negative
ZH 磁共振成像
pressure, replacing some or all of the muscular effort
required for lung ventilation.
mask
MEDI, Medical equipment
Commercially produced or homemade covering for
‫ جهاز تنفس اصطناعي‬AR
nose and mouth used to reduce the spread of
DE Beatmungsgerät, (syn.) mechanischer Ventilator,
respiratory droplets from the wearer to others.
Respirator
MEDI, Public health & hygiene ES respirador, (syn.) ventilador mecánico
FR ventilateur mécanique
‫( قناع‬syn.) ،‫ كمامة‬AR
JA 人工呼吸器
DE Atemschutzmaske
ES mascarilla, (syn.) barbijo (es-AR), tapaboca (es-CU) KO 인공 호흡기
FR masque
PT ventilador mecânico
JA マスク RU аппарат искусственной вентиляции легких, (syn.)
аппарат ИВЛ
KO 마스크
ZH 呼吸机
PT máscara
RU маска
ZH 口罩 medical care

Administration and delivery of healthcare by

mechanical ventilation professionals.

21
COVID-19 Glossary

MEDI, Public health & hygiene PT mitigação

RU смягчение последствий
‫( عناية طبية‬syn.) ،‫ رعاية طبية‬AR
ZH 缓疫
DE medizinische Versorgung
ES atención médica
FR soins médicaux
mode of transmission
JA 医療
(syn.) route of transmission
KO 의료

PT cuidado médico Means by which an infectious agent spreads from one

RU медицинская помощь host to another.
ZH 医疗保健
MEDI, Pathology

‫( وسيلة انتقال عدوى‬syn.) ،‫ طريقة انتقال عدوى‬AR

medical glove
DE Übertragungsweg
ES vía de transmisión
Personal protective equipment for the hands typically
FR mode de transmission
worn by healthcare professionals to protect themselves
JA 感染経路
from exposure to infectious agents or other biological,
chemical or physical hazards. KO 전파양식

PT modo de transmissão
MEDI, Medical equipment
RU механизм передачи
‫ قفاز طبي‬AR ZH 传播方式
DE Einmalhandschuh
ES guante médico
FR gant médical monoclonal antibody
JA 医療用手袋
Laboratory-produced molecule that targets and attacks
KO 의료용 장갑 specific antigens, thereby triggering a specific immune
PT luva médica response.
RU медицинская перчатка
SCIE, Therapeutics
ZH 医用手套
‫ جسم مضاد أحادي‬،‫( ضد وحيد النسيلة‬syn.) ،‫ جسم مضاد وحيد النسيلة‬AR
‫المنشأ‬
mitigation DE monoklonaler Antikörper
ES anticuerpo monoclonal
Strategy adopted by a public body to reduce the
FR anticorps monoclonal
number of infected people in a given geographical area
JA モノクローナル抗体, (syn.) 単クローン抗体
and limit the impact on the health system of a disease
outbreak. KO 단일클론 항체

PT anticorpo monoclonal
MEDI, Public health & hygiene
RU моноклональное антитело
‫ تخفيف‬AR ZH 单克隆抗体
DE Folgenminderungsstrategie
ES mitigación
FR stratégie d'atténuation morbidity
JA 緩和
Level of health and well-being of an individual.
KO 피해최소화

22
COVID-19 Glossary

MEDI, Public health & hygiene DE Nasen-Rachen-Abstrich

ES hisopado nasofaríngeo
‫ مراضة‬AR
FR prélèvement nasopharyngé
DE Morbidität
JA 鼻咽頭スワブ
ES morbilidad
FR morbidité KO 비인두 면봉 검사, (syn.) 비인두면봉
JA 罹患 PT esfregaço nasofaríngeo, (syn.) exsudado nasofaríngeo

KO 이환율 RU мазок из носоглотки

ZH 鼻咽拭子法
PT morbidade
RU морбидность
ZH 罹病率 non-invasive ventilation

(syn.) NIV
multiple organ failure
Positive pressure ventilation provided through a
(syn.) multiorgan failure, MOF person’s upper respiratory airways using an oxygen
mask.
Inability of two or more organs or organ systems to
perform their function. MEDI, Medical care

MEDI, Pathology ‫ تهوية غير باضعة‬AR

DE nicht-invasive Beatmung
‫ فشل عضوي متعدد‬AR
ES ventilación no invasiva, (syn.) VNI
DE Multiorganversagen, (syn.) MOV
FR ventilation non invasive
ES insuficiencia multiorgánica, (syn.) fallo multiorgánico
FR défaillance multiviscérale, (syn.) défaillance JA 非侵襲的換気, (syn.) NIV

polyviscérale KO 비침습적 환기
JA 多臓器不全
PT ventilação não-invasiva, (syn.) VNI

KO 다발성 장기부전, (syn.) 다장기기능부전증후군 RU неинвазивная искусственная вентиляция легких,

(syn.) неинвазивная ИВЛ
PT falência multiorgânica
ZH 无创通气
RU полиорганная недостаточность
ZH 多器官功能衰竭

nucleotide sequence

N Sequence of the repeating units of DNA or RNA.

SCIE, Biochemistry

nasopharyngeal swab test ‫ تسلسل نوكليوتيدي‬،‫( تسلسل النيوكليوتيدات‬syn.) ،‫ تسلسل النوويدات‬AR

DE Nukleotidsequenz
Method of collecting a specimen of nasal secretions for ES secuencia nucleotídica, (syn.) secuencia de nucleótidos
diagnostic purposes by inserting a swab into each FR séquence nucléotidique
nostril, extending it back into the nasopharynx, leaving JA ヌクレオチド配列
it in place for a few seconds, and slowly withdrawing it
KO 뉴클레오티드 서열
with a rotating motion.
PT sequência nucleotídica, (syn.) seqüência nucleotídica
MEDI, Diagnostic equipment & procedures (pt-BR)
RU нуклеотидная последовательность
‫ مسحة بلعومية أنفية‬AR
ZH 核苷酸序列

23
COVID-19 Glossary

‫ ممرض‬AR
DE Pathogen

P ES microorganismo patógeno, (syn.) patógeno

FR agent pathogène

JA 病原体
pandemic KO 병원체

(syn.) pandemic disease PT patógeno

RU патоген, (syn.) патогенный возбудитель
Epidemic disease that has spread to different countries ZH 病原体
and continents.

MEDI, Public health & hygiene personal protective equipment

‫ جائحة‬AR
(syn.) PPE
DE Pandemie
ES pandemia Gear worn by an individual that provides protection
FR pandémie
against one or more risks to a person’s health and
JA 世界的大流行, (syn.) パンデミック
safety.
KO 대유행, (syn.) 범유행
ENVR, Personal protective equipment
PT pandemia
RU пандемия ‫ معدات وقاية شخصية‬AR
DE persönliche Schutzausrüstung, (syn.) PSA
ZH 大流行
ES equipo de protección individual, (syn.) EPI
FR équipement de protection individuelle, (syn.) EPI

pandemic preparedness JA 個人防護具, (syn.) PPE

KO 개인보호장비
Ability of a public body to deal with a threat to human
health caused by a pandemic by ensuring that PT equipamento de proteção individual, (syn.) EPI

appropriate response plans are in place. RU средство индивидуальной защиты, (syn.) СИЗ
ZH 个人防护装备, (syn.) PPE
MEDI, Public health & hygiene

‫ تأهب لجائحة‬AR
pharmacoepidemiology
DE Pandemievorbereitung
ES preparación para pandemias Study of the use and effects of drugs in large numbers
FR préparation à une pandémie
of people, the aim of which is to estimate the
JA 世界的大流行への備え
probability of positive or negative effects of a drug.
KO 대유행 대비
MEDI, Pharmacology
PT preparação para pandemia
RU готовность к пандемии ‫ صيدلة وبائية‬AR
DE Pharmakoepidemiologie
ZH 大流行应对准备
ES farmacoepidemiología
FR pharmaco-épidémiologie

pathogen JA 薬剤疫学

KO 약물역학
Infectious agent causing a disease.
PT farmacoepidemiologia
SCIE, Biology

24
COVID-19 Glossary

RU фармакоэпидемиология PT reação em cadeia da polimerase, (syn.) PCR

ZH 药物流行病学 RU полимеразная цепная реакция, (syn.) ПЦР
ZH 聚合酶链反应, (syn.) PCR

point-of-care testing
portal of entry
(syn.) point-of-collection testing, POCT
Anatomical site at which an infectious agent enters a
Method of performing a laboratory test at or near the host.
site of patient care.
MEDI, Pathology
MEDI, Medical care
‫ مكان دخول‬AR
‫ إختبار نُقطة الرعاية‬AR DE Eintrittspforte
DE patientennahe Sofortdiagnostik, (syn.) patientennahe ES puerta de entrada
Labordiagnostik, POCT FR porte d'entrée
ES análisis junto al paciente, (syn.) pruebas a la cabecera
JA 侵入門戸
del paciente
FR analyses de biologie délocalisée, (syn.) ADBD KO 입구

JA ポイントオブケアテスティング, (syn.) ポイントオブケアテス, POCT PT porta de entrada, (syn.) via de entrada

RU входные ворота инфекции
KO 현장검사, (syn.) POCT
ZH 侵入门户
PT teste laboratorial remoto, (syn.) teste de diagnóstico
rápido, TLR, TDR
RU исследование по месту лечения, (syn.) ИМЛ portal of exit
ZH 即时检验, (syn.) POCT
Anatomical site at which an infectious agent leaves a
host.
polymerase chain reaction
MEDI, Pathology
(syn.) PCR
‫ مكان خروج‬AR
DE Austrittspforte
Molecular biology technique that applies high
ES puerta de salida
temperature and a DNA polymerase to a sample of
FR porte de sortie
DNA containing the target sequence, thereby
JA 排出門戸
producing copies of small segments of the original
DNA for use in further molecular and genetic analysis. KO 출구

PT porta de saída, (syn.) via de saída

SCIE, Genetics
RU выходные ворота инфекции
‫ تفاعل بوليميراز‬،‫( تفاعل تسلسلي بوليميرازي‬syn.) ،‫ تفاعل بلمرة متسلسل‬AR ZH 出口
‫متسلسل‬
DE Polymerasekettenreaktion, (syn.) Polymerase-
Kettenreaktion, PCR pre-symptomatic transmission
ES reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, (syn.) RCP, PCR
FR amplification en chaîne par polymérase, (syn.) réaction Mode of transmission of an infectious disease to
en chaîne par polymérase, réaction en chaîne à la another person from an infected person who has not
polymérase, ACP, PCR yet developed symptoms.
JA ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応
MEDI, Pathology
KO 중합효소 연쇄 반응, (syn.) PCR

25
COVID-19 Glossary

‫ انتقال من مصاب قبل ظهور أعراض‬AR probable case

DE präsymptomatische Übertragung
ES transmisión presintomática Case that is compatible with a clinical case definition
FR transmission pré-symptomatique and for whom there is strong epidemiological evidence
JA 発症前感染 of disease, e.g. the person is a contact of a confirmed

KO 잠복기 전염
case but no laboratory test confirmation is available.

PT transmissão pré-sintomática MEDI, Public health & hygiene

RU предсимптомная передача
‫ حالة محتملة‬AR
ZH 症状前传播, (syn.) 潜伏期传播
DE wahrscheinlicher Fall
ES caso probable
FR cas probable
prevalence
JA 可能性例
All cases of a disease observed at a given point in time
KO 추정환자
in a population at risk.
PT caso provável
MEDI, Public health & hygiene RU вероятный случай
ZH 可能病例
‫ معدل انتشار‬AR
DE Prävalenz
ES prevalencia
public health
FR prévalence

JA 有病率 Science of protecting and improving the health of

KO 유병률
people through the organized efforts of society by
promoting a healthy lifestyle, preventing injuries, and
PT prevalência
preventing, detecting and responding to infectious
RU распространенность, (syn.) превалентность
ZH 盛行率 diseases.

MEDI, Public health & hygiene

‫( صحة عمومية‬syn.) ،‫ صحة عامة‬AR
primary case
DE öffentliches Gesundheitswesen
ES salud pública
(syn.) patient zero
FR santé publique

Case to whom the onset of the outbreak of a disease JA 公衆衛生

can be traced back.
KO 공중 보건

MEDI, Public health & hygiene PT saúde pública

RU общественное здоровье
‫( مريض رقم صفر‬syn.) ،‫ حالة أولية‬AR
ZH 公共卫生
DE Patient Null
ES caso inicial, (syn.) caso primario
FR patient zéro
public health surveillance
JA 1 次感染者
Ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and
KO 1 차 환자, (syn.) 최초 감염자
dissemination of health data to help guide public health
PT caso primário
decision making and action.
RU нулевой пациент
ZH 首发病例 MEDI, Public health & hygiene

26
COVID-19 Glossary

‫ مراقبة الصحة العامة‬AR Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in

DE epidemiologische Überwachung which detection and quantification of amplified DNA
ES vigilancia de la salud pública
sequences are performed after each PCR cycle.
FR surveillance épidémiologique, (syn.) surveillance de
santé publique MEDI, Diagnostic equipment & procedures

JA 公衆衛生サーベイランス
‫ تفاعل بوليميراز متسلسل للنسخ العكسي في الزمن الحقيقي‬AR

KO 역학 감시 DE Echtzeit RT-PCR
ES reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con transcripción
PT vigilância sanitária pública, (syn.) vigilância em saúde
inversa en tiempo real
pública
FR RT-PCR en temps reel, (syn.) RT-PCR temps reel
RU санитарно-эпидемиологический надзор
JA リアルタイム逆転写ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応, (syn.) Real-Time
ZH 公共卫生监测
RT-PCR

KO 실시간 역전사 중합효소 연쇄반응

Q PT reação em cadeia da polimerase da transcrição reversa

em tempo real, (syn.) RT-PCR em tempo real, rRT-PCR
RU полимеразная цепная реакция с обратной
quarantine транскрипцией в реальном времени, (syn.) ОТ-ПЦР-РВ
ZH 实时逆转录聚合酶链反应, (syn.) rRT-PCR
Strategy adopted by a public body to keep apart from
the general population for a certain period of time all
individuals suspected of having contact with a person reservoir
affected by an infectious disease or coming from an
Natural habitat in which an infectious agent normally
affected area, until it is confirmed that they have not
lives, grows, and multiplies.
contracted the disease.
SCIE, BiologyCIE, Biology
MEDI, Public health & hygiene
‫( خازن‬syn.) ،‫ مستودع‬AR
‫ حجر صحي‬AR
DE Reservoir
DE Quarantäne
ES reservorio
ES cuarentena
FR réservoir
FR quarantaine
JA 病原巣, (syn.) レゼルボア
JA 検疫, (syn.) 隔離
KO 병원소
KO 검역
PT reservatório
PT quarentena
RU резервуар
RU карантин
ZH 病原储库
ZH 检疫

respiratory disease
R
Disease affecting the airways and the lungs and
hindering normal breathing, which may be caused by,
real-time reverse transcription-
e.g., infection, air pollution, or exposure to noxious
polymerase chain reaction substances.

(syn.) real-time RT-PCR, rRT-PCR MEDI, Pathologyogy

27
COVID-19 Glossary

‫ مرض تنفسي‬AR JA 呼吸器衛生

DE Atemwegserkrankung
ES enfermedad respiratoria KO 호흡기 위생, (syn.) 기침예절

FR maladie respiratoire PT higiene respiratória

JA 呼吸器疾患 RU респираторная гигиена

ZH 呼吸道卫生, (syn.) 咳嗽礼仪
KO 호흡기 질환

PT doença respiratória
RU заболевание органов дыхания, (syn.) респираторное
respiratory protective equipment
заболевание
ZH 呼吸系统疾病 (syn.) respirator (en-US), RPE

Personal protective equipment that protects the wearer

respiratory droplet
(syn.) droplet
Particle made of water, proteins, viral RNA, and non-
volatile metabolites, which is >5-10 μm in diameter and
is exhaled from the nose and mouth of a person whilst
e.g. coughing, sneezing breathing, or talking.
MEDI, Anatomy & physiology
against inhalation of hazardous substances in the air,
such as dust, fumes, gases, or biological substances.
ENVR, Personal protective equipment
‫( جهاز تنفس واق‬syn.) ،‫ معدات حماية تنفسية‬AR
DE Atemschutzgerät
ES equipo de protección respiratoria
FR appareil de protection respiratoire, (syn.) APR
JA 呼吸用保護具

‫ رذاذ تنفسي‬،‫( رذاذ‬syn.) ،‫ قطيرة‬AR KO 호흡용 보호구

DE Tröpfchen
PT equipamento de proteção respiratória, (syn.) EPR,
ES gotícula
respirador
FR gouttelette
RU респиратор, (syn.) средство индивидуальной защиты
JA 呼吸飛沫, (syn.) 飛沫 органов дыхания, СИЗОД

KO 호흡기 비말, (syn.) 비말 ZH 呼吸防护装备

PT gotícula respiratória, (syn.) gotícula

RU капля risk factor
ZH 呼吸飞沫, (syn.)飞沫
Characteristic, condition, or behaviour that increases
the likelihood that a person will contract a disease or
respiratory hygiene
sustain an injury.

(syn.) cough etiquette MEDI, Public health & hygiene

Set of practices and behaviours adopted by an ‫( عامل خطورة‬syn.) ،‫ عامل خطر‬AR

individual with the aim of preventing the spread of DE Risikofaktor

respiratory diseases. ES factor de riesgo

FR facteur de risque
MEDI, Public health & hygiene
JA 危険因子, (syn.) リスク因子

‫ نظافة تنفسية‬AR KO 위험인자

DE Husten-Nies-Etikette
PT fator de risco
ES higiene respiratoria
RU фактор риска
FR hygiène respiratoire
ZH 风险因素

28
COVID-19 Glossary

sepsis
ribonucleic acid Organ dysfunction syndrome caused by an impairment
of the physiological regulatory mechanisms via which a
(syn.) RNA
host responds to infection.
Single-stranded nucleic acid whose nucleotides consist
MEDI, Pathology
of a backbone made up by a simple sugar, called
ribose, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base, ‫( خمج‬syn.) ،‫ إنتان‬AR
DE Sepsis
i.e. adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil.
ES sepsis
SCIE, Biochemistry FR sepsis

JA 敗血症
‫( رنا‬syn.) ،‫ حمض نووي ريبوزي‬AR
DE Ribonukleinsäure, (syn.) RNA, RNS KO 패혈증
ES ácido ribonucleico, (syn.) ARN
PT sepsis, (syn.) sepse
FR acide ribonucléique, (syn.) ARN
RU cепсис
JA リボ核酸, (syn.) RNA
ZH 脓毒症

KO 리보핵산

PT ácido ribonucleico, (syn.) RNA, ARN

septic shock
RU рибонуклеиновая кислота, (syn.) РНК
ZH 核糖核酸, (syn.) RNA Class of sepsis in which abnormalities of circulation,
i.e. persistent hypotension despite fluid resuscitation,
and/or of cellular metabolism are serious enough to

S increase mortality substantially.

MEDI, Pathology

self-isolation ‫ صدمة إنتانية‬AR

DE septischer Schock
(syn.) self-quarantine ES choque séptico
FR choc septique
Measure taken by an individual in order to avoid JA 敗血症性ショック
contact with other people and thus help to prevent the
KO 패혈성 쇽, (syn.) 패혈쇼크
spread of an infectious disease.
PT choque séptico, (syn.) choque sético (pt-PT)
MEDI, Public health & hygiene RU септический шок

‫ عزل ذاتي‬AR ZH 感染性休克

DE Selbst-Isolation
ES aislamiento voluntario
serologic test
FR isolement

JA 自主隔離 (syn.) serological test, antibody test

KO 자가격리, (syn.) 자가검역
Laboratory test aimed at detecting in the blood serum
PT autoisolamento, (syn.) auto-isolamento
of an individual the presence of antibodies produced in
RU самоизоляция
response to a given disease.
ZH 自我隔离
MEDI, Diagnostic equipment & procedures

29
COVID-19 Glossary

‫ فحص مصل‬،‫( تحليل مصل‬syn.) ،‫ فحص سيرولوجي‬AR FR SARS-CoV-2

DE serologischer Test JA 新型コロナウイルス, (syn.) SARS-CoV-2
ES prueba serológica, (syn.) prueba de anticuerpos
KO SARS CoV-2
FR test sérologique
PT coronavírus da síndrome respiratória aguda grave 2,
JA 血清学的検査, (syn.) 血清検査
(syn.) coronavírus 2 da síndrome respiratória aguda grave,

KO 혈청검사, (syn.) 혈청학적 검사, 항체검사 SARS-CoV-2

RU второй коронавирус тяжелого острого
PT teste serológico
респираторного синдрома, (syn.) SARS-CoV-2
RU серологический тест
ZH 严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2, (syn.) SARS-CoV-2
ZH 血清学检测

social distancing
severe acute respiratory syndrome
Strategy adopted by a public body to reduce physical
(syn.) SARS
contact and proximity between individuals in a
Infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-1. community in order to reduce the risk of transmission
of an infectious disease, for example by instructing or
MEDI, Pathology
advising individuals to maintain a certain distance from
‫) متالزمة االلتهاب الرئوي الحاد‬syn.( ،‫ متالزمة تنفسية حادة وخيمة‬AR each other or by prohibiting gatherings of more than a
‫ سارس‬،‫الوخيم‬ certain number of people.
DE schweres akutes Atemnotsyndrom, (syn.) schweres
akutes Atemwegssyndrom, SARS MEDI, Public health & hygiene
ES síndrome respiratorio agudo grave, (syn.) SRAG
‫ تباعد جسدي‬AR
FR syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère, (syn.) SRAS
DE räumliche Distanzierung
JA 重症急性呼吸器症候群, (syn.) SARS ES distanciamiento social
FR distanciation physique
KO 중증급성호흡기증후군, (syn.) 사스
JA 社会的距離
PT síndrome respiratória aguda grave, (syn.) síndrome
respiratória aguda severa, SARS KO 사회적 거리두기
RU тяжелый острый респираторный синдром, (syn.)
PT distanciamento social
ТОРС
RU социальное дистанцирование
ZH 严重急性呼吸系统综合征, (syn.) 非典型肺炎, SARS
ZH 社交距离

severe acute respiratory syndrome

coronavirus 2 spike glycoprotein

(syn.) spike
(syn.) SARS-CoV-2

Glycoprotein complex made up of three protomers and

Coronavirus that causes COVID-19.
located on the envelope of coronaviruses, which
SCIE, Biology enables the virus to bind to the receptor site of the host

2-‫كوف‬-‫ سارس‬AR cells.

DE schweres akutes respiratorisches Syndrom-Coronavirus-
SCIE, Biochemistry
2, (syn.) SARS-CoV-2
ES coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave 2, ‫ بروتين حسكة‬AR
(syn.) coronavirus 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave, DE Spike-Glykoprotein, (syn.) Spike
SARS-CoV-2 ES glicoproteína de la espícula, (syn.) espícula

30
COVID-19 Glossary

FR glycoprotéine de spicule, (syn.) spicule PT máscara cirúrgica

JA スパイク糖タンパク質, (syn.) スパイク RU хирургическая маска

ZH 医用外科口罩
KO 스파이크 당단백질

PT glicoproteína de espícula, (syn.) espícula

RU гликопротеин шиповидных отростков suspected case
ZH 刺突糖蛋白
Case that is compatible with a clinical case definition
but there is no laboratory test confirmation or strong
super-spreader
epidemiological evidence, e.g. the person is not a
Person affected by an infectious disease who transmits contact of a confirmed case.
the disease to a significantly higher number of people
MEDI, Public health & hygiene
than does the average infected person.
‫( حالة مشتبهة‬syn.) ،‫ حالة مشتبه بها‬AR
MEDI, Public health & hygiene DE Verdachtsfall
ES caso sospechoso
‫ ناشر عدوى فائق‬AR
FR cas possible
DE Superverbreiter
ES supercontagiador JA 疑い例
FR super-propagateur
KO 의사 환자
JA スーパースプレッダー
PT caso suspeito
KO 슈퍼 전파자 RU предположительный случай

PT supercontagiador ZH 疑似病例

RU суперраспространитель
ZH 超级传播者
swab

Piece of soft material used by a healthcare

surgical mask
professional for cleaning wounds or taking samples
Half-face mask, flat and rectangular in shape, made of from a person’s body for testing purposes.
nonwoven fabric and comprising filtration layers, with
MEDI, Diagnostic equipment & procedures
folds and elastic bands or long straight ties that can be
looped behind a person’s ears or tied around a ‫ مسحة‬AR
DE Tupfer
person’s head, which is used to protect the wearer
ES hisopo
from sprays, splashes, and large-particle droplets and
FR écouvillon
to prevent the spread of respiratory droplets from the
JA スワブ, (syn.) 綿棒
wearer to others.
KO 면봉
MEDI, Medical equipment
PT zaragatoa
‫ قناع جراحي‬AR RU тупфер, (syn.) зонд-тампон
DE chirurgischer Mund-Nasen-Schutz ZH 拭子
ES mascarilla quirúrgica, (syn.) barbijo quirúrgico (es-AR),
tapaboca quirúrgico (es-CU)
FR masque chirurgical swab test
JA 医療用マスク, (syn.) サージカルマスク

KO 수술용 마스크

31
COVID-19 Glossary

Method of collecting a sample of organic material for JA 症候性感染

diagnostic purposes by inserting a swab into a
KO 유증상 전파
person’s body orifices, e.g. nose, mouth, etc.
PT transmissão sintomática
MEDI, Diagnostic equipment & procedures RU симптомная передача
ZH 有症状传播
‫ فحص مسحة‬AR
DE Tupfertest
ES hisopado
systemic inflammatory response
FR écouvillonnage
syndrome
JA 拭き取り検査, (syn.) スワブ検査

KO 면봉 검사 (syn.) SIRS

PT esfregaço
Condition characterized by a disproportionate
RU мазок
inflammatory response to a variety of severe clinical
ZH 拭子检测法
phenomena, including relating to body temperature
(>38°C or <36°C), heart rate (>90 beats per minute),
symptom respiratory rate (>20 breaths per minute or PaCO2 <32
mmHg), and white blood cell count (>12,000/cu mm,
Manifestation of a disease that is perceptible to only
<4,000/cu mm, or >10% immature band forms).
the patient (subjective symptom) or to the patient and
others (objective symptom or sign). MEDI, Pathology

MEDI, Pathology ‫ متالزمة االستجابة االلتهابية الجهازية‬AR

DE systemisches inflammatorisches Response-Syndrom,
‫ عرض‬AR (syn.) SIRS
ES síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica, (syn.)
DE Symptom
SRIS
ES síntoma
FR syndrome de réponse inflammatoire systémique, (syn.)
FR symptôme
SIRS
JA 症状
JA 全身性炎症反応症候群, (syn.) SIRS
KO 증상
KO 전신성 염증 반응 증후군
PT sintoma
PT síndrome da resposta inflamatória sistémica, (syn.) SIRS
RU симптом
RU синдром системной воспалительной реакции, (syn.)
ZH 症状
ССВР
ZH 全身炎症反应综合征, (syn.) SIRS

symptomatic transmission

Mode of transmission to another person of an T

infectious disease from an infected person who has
developed symptoms.
telehealth
MEDI, Pathology
Remote provision of clinical and non-clinical services
‫ انتقال من مصاب بأعراض‬AR using information and communication technologies,
DE symptomatische Übertragung
such as diagnosis and treatment of diseases and
ES trasmisión sintomática
FR transmission symptomatique

32
COVID-19 Glossary

injuries, research and evaluation, and education of PT triagem

health professionals. RU медицинская сортировка

ZH 分诊
MEDI, Medical care

‫ صحة عن بعد‬AR
DE Telegesundheit U
ES telesalud
FR télésanté

JA 遠隔医療 urgent care

KO 원격 의료 Medical care provided for illnesses or injuries that

PT telessaúde require prompt attention but are typically not so serious
RU телездравоохранение as to require the services of an emergency room.
ZH 远程健康
MEDI, Medical care

‫ رعاية عاجلة‬AR
thrombosis DE Bagatell-Notfall
ES atención de urgencias menores
Vascular disease involving the formation of thrombi
FR soins non programmés
inside a blood vessel, i.e. an artery or a vein,
JA 初期救急
obstructing circulation.
KO 긴급 치료
MEDI, Pathology
PT pronto atendimento, (syn.) serviço de urgência básica,
‫ تخثر‬،‫( خثار‬syn.) ،‫ تجلط‬AR serviço de atendimento permanente, SAP, SUB
DE Thrombose RU неотложная помощь, (syn.) неотложная медицинская
ES trombosis помощь
FR thrombose ZH 急诊护理
JA 血栓症

KO 혈전증
urgent care facility
PT trombose
RU тромбоз (syn.) urgent care center
ZH 血栓形成
A walk-in clinic led by qualified medical professionals,
i.e. doctors and nurses, in which urgent care is
delivered.
triage
MEDI, Medical care
Process of sorting patients or casualties to determine
‫ مرفق رعاية عاجلة‬AR
priority of need and proper place of treatment.
DE Notfallpraxis
MEDI, Medical care ES dispensario de urgencias menores
FR centre de soins non programmés, (syn.) service
‫ فرز‬AR
d'accueil médical non programmé
DE Triage
JA 初期救急施設, (syn.) 急病診療所
ES triaje
FR triage KO 긴급 치료 시설
JA トリアージ PT unidade de pronto atendimento, (syn.) centro de saúde,

KO 중증도 분류 UPA

33
COVID-19 Glossary

RU отделение неотложной медицинской помощи, (syn.) RU переносчик

кабинет неотложной помощи ZH 病媒
ZH 急诊护理中心

viral load

V Amount of viral particles present in a millilitre of a fluid

sample, e.g. blood.

vaccine MEDI, Diagnostic equipment & procedures

Therapeutic preparation containing an antigen, i.e. a ‫ حمل فيروسي‬AR

DE Viruslast
virus or a segment of a virus or a toxin generated by
ES carga viral
bacteria, that may have been attenuated, inactivated or
FR charge virale
killed and which is able to trigger the immune response
JA ウイルス量
and generate immunity in an organism.
KO 바이러스 부하
MEDI, Therapeutics
PT carga viral
‫ لقاح‬AR RU вирусная нагрузка
DE Impfstoff, (syn.) Vakzine ZH 病毒载量
ES vacuna
FR vaccin

JA ワクチン viral vector

KO 백신 Virus that has been genetically modified for use in

PT vacina gene therapy.
RU вакцина
SCIE, Genetics
ZH 疫苗
‫ ناقل فيروسي‬AR
DE viraler Vektor
vector ES vector viral
FR vecteur viral
Living organism that indirectly transmits an infectious
JA ウイルスベクター
disease to a susceptible host either by carrying the
infectious agent on its body (mechanical vector) or by KO 바이러스 매개체

providing an environment in which the infectious agent PT vetor viral

can reproduce and survive (biological vector). RU вирусный вектор
ZH 病毒载体
SCIE, Biology

‫ ناقل‬AR
DE Vektor
virus
ES vector
Microscopic infectious agent that can multiply only in
FR vecteur
living cells of animals, plants, or bacteria, consisting of
JA 媒介者, (syn.) ベクター
genetic material, either DNA or RNA, housed inside a
KO 매개체 capsid.
PT vetor
SCIE, Biology

34
COVID-19 Glossary

‫ فيروس‬AR FR zoonose
DE Virus JA 人獣共通感染症, (syn.) 動物由来感染症
ES virus
FR virus KO 인수공통전염병

JA ウイルス PT zoonose
RU зооноз
KO 바이러스
ZH 人畜共患病
PT vírus
RU вирус
ZH 病毒

X-ray image

Image formed by the shadows of the objects inside a

patient’s body when x-rays travel through it and pass
through an x-ray detector on the other side of the
patient.

MEDI, Diagnostic equipment & procedures

‫( صورة أشعة اكس‬syn.) ،‫ صورة أشعة سينية‬AR

DE Röntgenaufnahme
ES radiografía
FR cliché radiographique

JA Ｘ線画像

KO 엑스레이 영상

PT imagem radiográfica
RU рентгеновское изображение
ZH X 射线图像

zoonosis

Infectious disease that is transmissible under natural

conditions from vertebrate animals to humans.

MEDI, Pathology

‫ مرض حيواني المصدر‬AR

DE Zoonose
ES zoonosis

35
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