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10MEUI
10MEUI
the Solenoid is de‐energised the
Poppet will be off the seat this allows
Poppet will be off the seat, this allows
the fuel to flow freely in and out of the
injector, using the same port.
injector, using the same port.
Coolant Gallery.
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EUI Injector Sleeve
EUI Injector Sleeve
• A stainless steel sleeve is used in the
A stainless steel sleeve is used in the
injector bore to seal the coolant.
• The sleeve is sealed using three O‐
rings. However, combustion gases are
sealed by the injector seating on the
metal in the head.
• The O‐ring installed on the injector
provides for a combustion gas seal until
a carbon dam is formed
•The
The solenoid will
solenoid will
energise at 110V dc
from the ECM, then.
•The poppet valve
will lift, and close off
,
the fuel flow into/out
of the injector.
•The fuel flows continually
around the system and in the
process cools the EUI and
removes air from the system.
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•The plunger starts to move
before the solenoid is
energised.
•When the solenoid is
energised the poppet valve
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closes and the flow of the
fuel is blocked, so the fuel
pressure starts to increase.
•Once it reaches 5000 psi,
then needle is lifted off its
then needle is lifted off its
seat, this is the beginning
of injection.
•As the solenoid is de‐
e e g sed t e poppet a e
energised the poppet valve
opens up the flow path and
the pressurized fuel flows
into the system
into the system.
•This results in a rapid drop
in pressure, when it falls to
p
3,500 psi the injection is
stopped.
After injection, the
plunger returns to its
original position and in
doing so fuel flows into
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the plunger cavity ready
for the next injection.
The smaller the
The smaller the
droplets‐‐ the
more efficient
the burning,
g,
due to it
burning from
the outside in.
Worn Poppet Valve Seat
Filtration
1 Micron =
i
0.00004
Injector / Securing Clamp
Injector / Securing Clamp
‘O’ Ring seals
Note: Do not reuse seals.
Injector Life 10,000 hours
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• 6 holes x 0.280 hole diameter x 130 degrees cone angle
EUI Injector / Tappet Adjusting Screws
• 3/16 Socket adjusting screw
• Valve adjustment
• Injector Adjustment
Injector and Securing clamp
Injector and Securing clamp
• Torque tighten the EUI wiring
harness securing nuts ( 9/32”)
to 2.5 N.m (22 lb.in)
2 5 N m (22 lb in)
• Four Digit EUI Code
F Di i EUI C d
• Machined ledge used as a datum point to set injector pre‐load stroke
Unit
Unit Injector ‐
Injector
Injector setting tool
Adjustments
Checking correct adjustment
setting
Ledge machined on injector body
4 Digit E‐Trim code that should
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be noted for each injector and
updated in the ECM memory
using the EST
Refitting a New Injector
• When a new fuel injector is fitted, the new fuel injector group’s electronic code must
be programmed into the engine’s personality module software by using the calibration
menu on the Electronic Service Tool (EST).
th El t i S i T l (EST)
• If the new fuel injector group’s, electronic code is not entered, the previous fuel
injector group’ss characteristics are assumed
injector group characteristics are assumed
• If it is not possible to immediately reprogram the electronic injector code of the
injector into the personality module software, the engine will not be severely harmed.
The new electronic injector code should be reprogrammed as quickly as possible into
the ECM, in order to optimise engine performance
• If a new unit injector or a different unit injector is installed, reprogram the four digit
f i i j diff i i j i i ll d h f di i
number electronic injector code into the ECM.
• Note all EUI codes before refitting the rocker cover
Note all EUI codes before refitting the rocker cover
• Renew all seals
‘Overheated’ EUI Injector
j Nozzle
System Operation
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The 2800 Series electronic system consists of the Electronic Control Module
(ECM) and engine sensors. The ECM is the computer which controls the engine
(ECM) and engine sensors. The ECM is the computer which controls the engine
operating parameters. The Personality Module in the ECM contains the
software which controls how the ECM behaves (The Personality Module stores
the operating maps that define power rpm etc )
the operating maps that define power, rpm etc.).
The injection pump, fuel lines and fuel injection nozzles used in mechanical
engines have been replaced with an Electronic
engines have been replaced with an lectronic Unit
nit Injector in each cylinder.
njector in each cylinder.
A solenoid on each injector controls the amount of fuel delivered by the
injector. The Electronic Control Module (ECM) sends a signal to each injector
solenoid to provide complete control of the engine. The ECM compares a
‘Desired Speed’ with an actual engine speed derived from pickups on the
crankshaft and camshaft drives and decides how much fuel to inject in order to
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achieve the desired speed.
System Operation
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•The 2800 Series electronic system consists of the Electronic Control
Module (ECM) and engine sensors. The ECM is the computer which
controls the engine operating parameters. The Personality Module in the
t l th i ti t Th P lit M d l i th
ECM contains the software which controls how the ECM behaves (The
Personality Module stores the operating maps that define power, rpm
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etc.).
•The injection pump, fuel lines and fuel injection nozzles used in
mechanical engines have been replaced with an Electronic Unit Injector
in each cylinder.
•A solenoid on each injector controls the amount of fuel delivered by the
injector. The Electronic Control Module (ECM) sends a signal to each
injector solenoid to provide complete control of the engine The ECM
injector solenoid to provide complete control of the engine. The ECM
compares a ‘Desired Speed’ with an actual engine speed derived from
pickups on the crankshaft and camshaft drives and decides how much
fuel to inject in order to achieve the desired speed.
El t i l S t
Electrical System
Internal Injector Harness
Interface
Connector
OEM Interface
I t f Connectors
C t
ECM
Caterpillar ADEM III
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Sensors
Main Engine Harness
Crank Speed/Timing
C
Cam Speed/Timing
S d/Ti i
Crank Speed/Timing Inlet Manifold
36-1 TOOTH
CRANK
GEAR
Pressure
Oil Pressure
Cam Speed/Timing
Atmospheric Pressure
36+1 TOOTH
CAM GEAR Manifold Temperature
Manifold Temperature
Inlet Air Temperature
Boost
Fuel Temperature
Atmospheric Pressure Sensor
Pres Sensor
C l
Coolant Temperature
T
Calibration
Probe
Lub Oil Pressure
Sensor
ELECTRONIC CONTROL
MODULE (ECM)
System Components ‐ ECM
Hardware
PWM
MEMORY
System Components ‐ Software
Configuration options
Configuration parameters (25 numbers)
Control Algorithms
Core software program Controller Logic
Diagnostic routines
Operating system and Interface with Hardware
Hardware Abstraction Layer
System Components ‐ ECM Hardware
ADEM 3
Internals
70 pin harness connectors
Engine control module: essential messages
Engine control module: essential messages
High reliability: Better than 250 ppm
External connectors most vulnerable
No serviceable parts
Never replace without full diagnostic test – procedure in
place
All returned units checked
No fault warranty returns ‐ no warranty credit
ECM is the LAST component you should suspect being faulty
System Components ‐ Wiring
Harness
Engine harness connects engine mounted sensors and
Engine harness connects engine mounted sensors and
actuators to ECM
Traditionally wiring and connectors is highest cause of reliability
problems
Incorporates robust sealed connectors
Connectors are designed to withstand a minimum of 50 mating
and un‐matings, for long service life
Cable insulation is capable of withstanding temperature and
Cable insulation is capable of withstanding temperature and
fluid exposure
Outer covering provides protection from damage due to
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vibration, heat and general abuse
Harness routing and connector ‘keying’ is used to prevent
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incorrect connection of components
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EUI ‐ Engine Harness
Engine Sensors
Inlet Manifold Air Temperature
Inlet Manifold Air Temperature
Coolant Temperature Electronic Unit Injector
Sensor
Sensor Connector
Inlet Manifold
Pressure Sensor Timing Calibration
Connector
Camshaft
Position Sensor Engine Harness
F el Temperat re
Fuel Temperature Connector
Sensor
FG Wilson Harness
C
Connector
Crankshaft
Position Sensor
ECM Engine
ECM Engine
Control Module
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Atmospheric Pressure Sensor Oil Pressure Sensor
Crankshaft Sensor (right angled)
Crankshaft Sensor (right angled)
Camshaft Sensor (straight)
Camshaft Sensor (straight)
Sensor Signal Teeth
Thermistor Type
• Two wires - Passive
System Components ‐
y p Temperature Sensors
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• Thermistors:
Semiconductor sensing devices
R it
Resistance varies with temperature
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Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC)
i.e. As temperature increases its resistance
decreases
‐40 to 150ºC range
Passive sensor (2wires)
Passive sensor (2wires)
System Components ‐ Temperature
Sensors
Intake Manifold Temperature Sensor
Intake Manifold Temperature Sensor
This sensor has an output of 0v to 5v.The ECM will
recognise the output to be valid ( OK ) if it is between 0.2
volts ( representing a temperature of – 40°C ) and 4.9
volts ( +150°C ).
Sensor diagnostics will detect a fault if the input voltage
is outside this range for more than 8seconds
continuously.
The Fuel Temp and the Coolant Temp. sensors operate in
the same way with different temperature ranges
the same way with different temperature ranges
corresponding to the voltage measured by the ECM.
System Components ‐ Temperature
Output Curve
Sensors
Ohms Vl
Volts
(Resistance)
50,000 Volts 5.0
Ohms
5,000 1.0
Increasingg Temperature
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Pressure Sensors
The ECM will recognise the output
The ECM will recognise the output
to be valid if it is between 0.5 volts
and 4.5 volts.It will detect a fault if
it is outside this for more than 8
it is outside this for more than 8
0.5 sec, for the oil pressure sensor and
2sec. for the boost pressure sensor.
PSI
BOOST AND ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
SENSORS
•The Boost pressure sensor measures boost pressure in the intake
manifold and sends a DC signal back to the ECM.
if ld d d DC i lb k h ECM
•The ECM uses the boost pressure signal to limit fuel delivery and
prevent over‐fuelling and black smoke
prevent over‐fuelling and black smoke.
•The Atmospheric pressure sensor measure the atmospheric pressure
and sends a DC signal back to the ECM, which then uses it to adjust
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timing and fuel delivery, maintaining engine performance and
emissions at high altitudes.
INPUT & OUTPUT DEVICES
INPUT & OUTPUT DEVICES
WHICH ARE OPTIONAL
WHICH ARE OPTIONAL
2800 SERIES SWITCH INPUTS
2800 SERIES SWITCH INPUTS
• Droop/Isochronous
– Switch to ground for droop governing. Enabling of this switch input and
P
Percentage droop is set using the Service Tool.
d i i h S i T l
• 1500/1800 rpm Selection
– Switch to ground to select 1800 rpm. Enabling of this input is controlled via
the Service Tool.
• Shutdown Critical Override
– Input for Critical Override switch, open circuit for Critical override (Except
O
Overspeed) connect to ground to activate fault shutdowns. Only available
d) d i f l h d O l il bl
when Critical Override is enabled via the Service Tool.
2800 SERIES SWITCH INPUTS (CONTD )
2800 SERIES SWITCH INPUTS (CONTD.)
• Digital Speed Control Enable
– Input switch open to enable Digital Speed Control. This input should be linked
to ground if Analogue or PWM speed controls are required.
d if A l PWM d l i d
• Raise Speed
– Input for Raise Speed pushbutton or relay contact, connect other side of
switch to ground. Only available when Digital Speed Control is enabled.
• Lower Speed
– Input for Lower Speed pushbutton or relay contact, connect other side of
switch to ground. Only available when Digital Speed Control is enabled.
i h d O l il bl h Di i l S dC li bl d
2800 SERIES SWITCH INPUTS
& SPEED CONTROLS
ECM
J1/49 Digital Speed Control Enable
Digital Speed
Control Enable
J1/62 Injection Disable
Injection
Disable
J1/59 Lower Speed
+24 V Lower
Speed
J1/58 Shutdown Emergency Override
Shutdown Critical
Override
J1/7 p
Raise Speed
Raise
Speed
J1/56 1500/1800 rpm Select
1500/1800
rpm Select
J1/46 Droop/Isochronous
Droop/
I h
Isochronous
J1/41 Fault Reset
Fault Reset
J1/18 Digital Ground
J1/67 - Battery
T PWM
To
Ground J1/5 Ground
Speed Control PWM
(If Required)
J1/66 PWM Input
+8V J1/4
+8V
Level 1 Operator Warning
To
To warn the operator or machine control system of a possible
warn the operator or machine control system of a possible
condition within the ECM control system that requires the operators
attention.
Level 2 Action (De‐rate or Alert)
Level 2 Action (De rate or Alert)
To inform the operator or machine control system to take action to
enable the proper control of the system (i.e. to externally de‐rate or
reduce speed). This is normally used by the OEM to stop the engine.
d d) Thi i ll d b h OEM h i
Level 3 Shutdown
To inform the operator or machine control system that the ECM has
shutdown due to an operating condition reaching an unacceptable
level; or if in the critical override condition, that the product is now
operating in a condition outside of its scope of supply and may cause
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injury or be damaged in such a way as to invalidate the warrantee.
2800 SERIES ENGINE PROTECTION
2800 SERIES ENGINE PROTECTION
• The following list identifies the channels being
h f ll i li id ifi h h l b i
monitored and Alarm Levels implemented:
Lubricating oil pressure (Warning, Action Alert & Shutdown)
Coolant temperature (Warning, Action Alert & Shutdown)
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Over speed (Warning, Action Alert & Shutdown)
Inlet manifold air temperature (Warning & Action Alert)
Inlet manifold air temperature (Warning & Action Alert)
Boost pressure (Warning & Action Alert)
Fuel temperature (Warning)
Atmospheric Pressure (Derate)
2800 SERIES CRITICAL OVERRIDE
2800 SERIES CRITICAL OVERRIDE
• If the particular operation of the engine is in a critical application (i.e. safety critical
standby generator) the protection system can be overridden to ensure the
standby generator) the protection system can be overridden to ensure the
continuation of the electricity supply during engine fault conditions.
• The critical override will be set by a switch input from the OEM. The critical override
input shall be enabled in the service tool via a Factory password
input shall be enabled in the service tool via a Factory password.
• When activated the ECM will log the condition and continue to run the engine in all
fault conditions with the exception of Overspeed shutdown and Emergency
shutdown If the engine enters a fault condition the ECM will log the event in
shutdown. If the engine enters a fault condition the ECM will log the event in
memory and record the accumulative time that the engine has run in the fault
condition and the number of faults overridden. Whilst in critical override the ECM
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will still energise the Warning, Action Alert and Shutdown outputs as required.q
• To clear logged shutdown events that occur when the ECM is operating in Critical
Override, a Factory password is required.
• It should be noted that any warranty given on the engine becomes void if the engine
It should be noted that any warranty given on the engine becomes void if the engine
is run in a fault condition with the critical override enabled as the engine could run
to destruction.
ELECTRONIC SERVICE
ELECTRONIC SERVICE
TOOL (EST)
TOOL (EST)
Electronic Service Tool Features
Electronic Service Tool Features
Functionality includes:
Functionality includes:
Displays Service Codes
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Runs Special Electronic Tests
Data recording & graphing
Setting Engine Configurations
ECM re‐programming (‘Flashing’)
Service Tool Hardware Requirements
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Unicable
PC Serial cable
PC Based
PC Based cable Comms.
Comms
Adaptor
Unit
Electronic
Service
Service
Tool Engine
Installation
EST manual for Communications
Communications
software Comms
+ Adaptor Kit
Adaptor
Installation
Manual
Plastic carrying
User case (with foam
Manual for
Manual for inside)
EST
EST Service Tool Hardware
Requirements
Communications Adaptor Kit
Communications Adaptor Kit
Part number: 997‐
Electronic Service Tool PC
Electronic Service Tool ‐
Software part
p
number:
Installing EST Service Tool
Installing EST Service Tool
Recommended PC specification
Recommended PC specification
IBM® PC compatible with Pentium III 450 MHz
processor
processor
128‐MB RAM
1 GB of a ailable hard disk dri e
1‐GB of available hard disk drive
24X speed CD‐ROM drive
3.5” 1.44‐MB floppy disk drive
Super VGA colour monitor or display
Microsoft Windows™ NT, 2000 or Windows 9x
RS232 port with 16550AF UART
Built in pointing device or mouse
Installing Electronic Service Tool
Installing Electronic Service Tool
Follow ‘Getting Started’ Manual
Close all applications
Install CD as per instructions
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License EST (optional ‐
EST ( ti l can run as demo without)
d ith t)
UNDERTAKE TRAINING
PAY
A AANNUAL
A LICENSE
C S FEE
Self‐diagnostics
Engine Diagnostics
Engine Diagnostics
The 2300/2800 electronic engines can perform a self‐diagnostics test. Diagnostic codes
are stored in the permanent memory of the Electronic Control Module (ECM) and can be
retrieved by use of the Perkins electronic service tool, EST.
Active codes, indicated by a warning lamp or similar device (depending on application),
Active codes indicated by a warning lamp or similar device (depending on application)
represent problems that currently exist. These problems should be investigated first.
Logged codes represent:
• Intermittent problems
• Recorded events
• Performance history
The problems may have been repaired since the code was logged. These codes do not
indicate that a repair is needed; the codes are guides or signals when a situation exists
indicate that a repair is needed; the codes are guides or signals when a situation exists.
Codes may be helpful to diagnose problems.
When the problems have been corrected, the corresponding logged fault codes should
be cleared, where possible.
Engine Diagnostics
Engine operation with active diagnostic codes
• If a fault is indicated during normal engine operation, the system has
identified a situation that is not within the specification.
• Check the code with the Perkins electronic service tools to check the
active diagnostic codes.
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• The active diagnostic code should be investigated.
• The cause of the problem should be corrected as soon as possible.
• If the cause of the active diagnostic code is repaired, the code will move
to the inactive code register and will be deleted by the technician or
automatically after 100 hours.
EST running
EST running
Service Tool Data Log Recorder
Service Tool ‐ Data Log Recorder
•Data
Data Log Recorder
allows you to capture
or log multiple ECM's
performance data,
which aids in
diagnosing potential
problems.
•Includes a pre-trigger
capture of data and an
auto-trigger capture
when specific
conditions occur.
Service Tool Real Time Graphing
Service Tool ‐ Real Time Graphing
•The
The ECM Replacement
function allows you to copy
configuration parameters
from an existing ECM to
another ECM, for physically
changing the ECM on a
machine.
•Once an ECM has been
programmed d by
b the
h ECM
Replacement function, the
data on the screen is cleared.
This keeps you from
programming
i more than h one
ECM with the data from
another ECM
Service Tool Configuration
Service Tool ‐
•The Configuration
g tool
allows you to view and
change the ECM’s
configurable
information.
Service Tool WinFlash
Service Tool ‐
Highlighting a
file displays the
Press “Close”
Close to exit
documents A description File Management and
stored in that can be entered return to the last
file. when the active screen.
documents is
b i saved.
being d
Diagnostic Code Reader
Diagnostic Code Reader
•Communicates with engine (J‐1939)
g ( )
•Read the Active and Inactive diagnostic fault
codes from the ECM
•Clear Inactive diagnostic fault codes
•Read limited engine parameters
•For use by operator/owner
•No license required
•4 line display with scroll function
•Powered from Gen‐set battery
•Active and Inactive codes as a “J” code which is
A ti d I ti d “J” d hi h i
then cross referenced to the User Manual
Demo.
&
Questions & Answers
Questions & Answers