Tugas Matematika Teknik III

Nama : Johanes Sitorus

Nim : 213020501124
Matkul : Matematika Teknik III
A=2
B=4
Soal
1. (𝑩𝑦 2 + 2) y’ = 3𝑥 2 𝑦
Penyelesaian :
(4𝑦 2 + 2) y’ = 3𝑥 2 𝑦
𝑑𝑦
(4𝑦 2 + 2) 𝑑𝑥 = 3𝑥 2 𝑦

(4𝑦 2 + 2) dy = 3𝑥 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑥
2
∫ (4𝑦 + 𝑦) dy = ∫ 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

8𝑦 2
+ 2 𝐼𝑛 (𝑦) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑐
2

8𝑦 2
1 In (y) = 𝑥 3 - +c
2

2 8𝑦 2
In (y) = 2 (𝑥 3 - + c)
2

2 8𝑦 2 2
In (y) = 𝑥3 - + +c
2 2 2

𝑥3 8𝑦 2 8
(y) = 𝑒 - +
2 2 2

𝑥3 8𝑦 2
(y) = 𝑒 2
- 2
+c

2. xy’ (2y - A) = y (B - x)
Penyelesaian
xy’ (2y - 2) = y (4 - x)
𝑑𝑦
x 𝑑𝑥 (2y - 2) = y (4 - x)

x (2y - 2) dy = y (4 - x)
(2𝑦−2) 𝑑𝑦 (4−𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
∫ =∫
𝑦 𝑦
 2y - 2 In (y) = 4 In (x) - x + c
2y = 2 In (x) + x - 1In (y) + c
2y = In ( 𝑥 2 𝑦) - x + c
In ( 𝑥 2 𝑦)– x + c
y = 2

3. xy dx + (1 + 𝑥 2 ) dy = 0 ; x = A dan y = B
Penyelesaian :
xy dx + (1 + 𝑥 2 ) dy = 0 ; x = 2 dan y = 4
xy dx = - (1 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑦
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
=
−(1−𝑥 2 ) 𝑦

𝑥 𝑑𝑦
dx =
1 + 𝑥2 𝑦

𝑥 𝑑𝑦
− ∫ 1 + 𝑥 2 dx = 𝑦

1
− 2 In (1 − 𝑥 2 ) + c = In y

In y + (In 1 − 𝑥 2 )1/2 = c

In y . √1 + 𝑥 2 = c

y √1 + 𝑥 2 = 𝑒 𝑐 → 𝑐

c = 4 √1 + 22
= 8,94427

4. (1 + 2y) dx – (4 – x) dy = 0; x = A dan y = B
Penyelesaian:
(1 + 2y) dx – (4 – x) dy = 0; x = 2 dan y = 4
dx + 2y dx – (4 – x) dy = 0
dx + 2y dx = 4 dy – x dy = 0
dx + 2y dx = 4 dy – x dy
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
∫ 𝑥
+2∫ 𝑥
=4∫ 𝑦
-∫ 𝑦

In x + 2 In x = 4 In y – In y + c
3 In x = 3 In y + c
 In 𝑥 3 = In 𝑦 3 + c
In 𝑥 3 - In 𝑦 3 = c
𝑥3
In =c
𝑦3

𝑥3
= 𝑒𝑐 → 𝑒𝑐 = 𝑐
𝑦3

Solusi Umum
𝑥3
=c
𝑦3

Solusi Khusus
23
=c
43

0,125 = c
𝑥3
= 0,125
𝑦3

5. (xB + y2 + Ax) dx + 2xy dy = 0 A = 2 ; B = 4

Penyelesaian:

Metode Eksak
(x2 + y2 + 4x)dx + 2xy dy = 0
𝛿𝑀
M = x2 + y2 + 4x → = 2y
𝛿𝑦
𝛿𝑁
N = 2xy → = 2y
𝛿𝑥

δM δN
= → PD Eksak
δ𝑦 δ𝑥

Solusi Eksak:
𝛿𝑢
𝑀= = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥
𝛿𝑥
𝑢 = ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1
𝑢 = 3 𝑥 3 + 𝑥𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 2 + 𝑐(𝑦) ……….i

𝛿𝑢
𝑁= = 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑐′(𝑦)
𝛿𝑦
2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑐′(𝑦) = 2𝑥𝑦
𝑐′(𝑦) = 0
 ∫ 𝑐′(𝑦) = ∫ 0𝑑𝑦

c(y) = C………………………………ii
Berdasarkan persamaan (i) dan (ii), diperolah Solusi Umum:
1 3
𝑢= 𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦2 + 2𝑥2 + 𝑐
3
1
Jadi, solusi umum untuk PD tersebut adalah 𝑢 = 3 𝑥3 + 𝑥𝑦2 + 2𝑥2 + 𝑐

6. (cos 𝑥 − cos 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 − (sin 𝑦 + sin 𝑥)𝑑𝑦 = 0

(cos 𝑥 − 𝑥 cos 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 = (sin 𝑦 + 𝑦 sin 𝑥)𝑑𝑦

cos 𝑥 sin 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑦
𝑦 sin 𝑥 𝑥 cos 𝑦

1 sin 𝑦
∫ cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑦
𝑦 𝑥 cos 𝑦
1 1
ln|sin 𝑥| = tan 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑦 𝑥
1 𝑦
ln|sin 𝑥| = − ln|cos 𝑥| + 𝐶
𝑦 𝑥
𝑥 ln|sin 𝑥| + ln|cos 𝑥| + 𝐶
𝑦 = 𝑥 ln|sin 𝑥 + ln cos 𝑥| + 𝐶

2𝑥−𝑑𝑥 𝑦 2 −3𝑥³
7. + dy; x = A dan y = B;
𝑦³ 𝑦4

Penyelesaian :
2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐
+ dy = 0 ; x=2 dan y=4
𝑦3 𝒚𝟒

2𝑥 𝛿𝑚 6𝑥 𝑦 2 − 3𝑥 2 𝛿𝑁 − 6𝑥
M = 𝑦3 → = - 𝑦 4 dan N = → =
𝛿𝑦 𝑦4 𝛿𝑋 𝑦4
 𝛿𝑚 𝛿𝑁
= 𝛿 𝑋 → 𝑃𝐷 𝐸𝑘𝑠𝑎𝑘
𝛿𝑦

Solusi Eksak :
𝛿𝑢 2𝑥 𝛿𝑢
M= → =
𝑥 𝑦2 𝛿𝑥

2𝑥 2𝑥 𝑥2
𝛿𝑢 = 𝛿𝑥 → 𝑢 = ∫ 𝑦 3 𝑑𝑥 = + 𝑐 (𝑦)………………………. (a)
𝑦3 𝑦3

𝛿𝑢 −3𝑥 2 𝛿𝑢 𝑦 2 − 3𝑥2
= + 𝑐 ′ (𝑦) 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑎 ∶ =𝑁=
𝛿𝑦 𝑦4 𝛿𝑦 𝑦4

−3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 3𝑥2
+ 𝑐 ′ (𝑦) =
𝑦4 𝑦4

𝑦 2 − 3𝑥 2 3𝑥 2
𝑐 ′ (𝑦) = +
𝑦4 𝑦4

𝑦2
∫ 𝑐′ (𝑦) = ∫ 𝑦 4
1
c (y) = − 𝑦 + 𝑐 …………………………………….(b)

Dari persamaan dapat (a) dan (b) didapat solusi umum

𝑥2 1
𝑢 = 3− +𝑐
𝑦 𝑦

𝑥2 − 𝑦2
𝑢= +𝑐
𝑦3

(x=2 ; y=4)

(2)2 −(4)2 3
𝑢= → 𝑢 = − 16
(4)3

8. (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 − 2 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0 ; 𝑥 = 𝑨 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑦 = B

Penyelesaian:

(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 − 2 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0 ; 𝑥 = 2 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑦 = 4

(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 − 2 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0 ………………………….(1)
𝛿𝑚 𝛿𝑛
M = 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 → = 2𝑦 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑁 = −2 𝑥𝑦 → 𝛿𝑥 = −2𝑦
𝛿𝑦

𝛿𝑚 𝛿𝑛
≠ 𝛿𝑥 → PD eksak
𝛿𝑦

Penyelesaian : temukan faktor integrasi F(x)

𝛿𝐹(𝑥) 1 𝛿𝑀 𝛿𝑁 1
= 𝑁 ( 𝛿𝑌 − ) 𝛿𝑥 = (2𝑦 − (−2𝑦)) 𝑑𝑥
𝐹(𝑥) 𝛿𝑋 −2 𝑥𝑦

𝛿𝐹(𝑥) 2
∫ = − ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐹(𝑥)

In F(x) = - 2 In x + c = - In 𝑥 2 + 𝑐

In F(x) + - In 𝑥 2 = c → In F(x) . 𝑥 2 = 𝑐 → 𝐹(𝑥) . 𝑥 2 = 𝑒 2

𝑒𝑐 𝑐 1
F(x) = 𝑥 2 = 𝑥 2 : Jika c = 1 → 𝐹(𝑥) = ……………………(2)
𝑥2

Persamaa (1) di kali persamaan (2) :

1
(( 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑦) . 𝑥 2 = 0

𝑥2− 𝑦2 2 𝑥𝑦 𝑦2 2𝑦
dx – 𝑑𝑦 = 0 → ( 1 + ) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥

𝑦2 𝛿𝑚 2𝑦
M=1+ → =
𝑥2 𝛿𝑦 𝑥2

𝛿𝑚 𝛿𝑛
= → 𝑃𝐷 𝑒𝑘𝑠𝑎𝑘
𝛿𝑦 𝛿𝑦

− 2𝑦 𝛿𝑛 2𝑦
M= → =
𝑥 𝛿𝑦 𝑥2

Solusi Eksak :

𝛿𝑢 𝑦2 𝛿𝑢
M = 𝛿𝑥 → 1 + →
𝑥2 𝛿𝑥

𝑦2 𝑑𝑥
𝛿𝑢 = ( 1 + ) 𝑑𝑥 → 𝑢 = ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 2 ∫
𝑥2 𝑥2

1 𝑦2
u = x + 𝑦 2 (− 𝑥) + c (y) = x - + c (y) …………………..(3)
𝑥

𝛿𝑢 2𝑦 − 2𝑦 − 2𝑦 − 2𝑦
=0= + 𝑐 ′ (𝑦) = 𝑁 = → 𝑐 ′ (𝑦) =
𝛿𝑦 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

∫ c ′ (𝑦) = ∫ 0

c(x) = c …………………………………………………(4)

𝑦2
u=x– +𝑐
𝑥

(x = 2 dan y = 4)

(4)2
u=2- 2
→u=-6
9. 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0; 𝑥 = 𝑨 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑦 = 𝑩

Penyelesaian:

𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0; 𝑥 = 2 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑦 = 4

(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0 ………………………..(a)
𝛿𝑚 𝛿𝑛
M = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 → ≠ 𝛿𝑥 → PD tidak eksak
𝛿𝑦

Penyelesaian : Tentukan Faktor Integrasi F(x)

𝛿𝐹(𝑥) 1 𝛿𝑀 𝛿𝑁 1 𝑦 1
= 𝑁 ( 𝛿𝑌 − ) dx = 𝑥𝑦 (2y – y) dx = 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥
𝐹(𝑥) 𝛿𝑋 𝑥

𝛿𝐹(𝑥) 1
∫ = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝐹(𝑥) 𝑥

In F(x) = In x + c

In F(x) = In x = c
𝐹(𝑥) 𝐹(𝑥)
In =𝑐 → = 𝑒 ′ → 𝐹(𝑥) = 𝑐. 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥

Jika c = 1→ 𝐹(𝑥) = 𝑥…………………………………….(b)

Persamaan (a) dikali persamaan (b)

(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦). 𝑥 = 0

(𝑥 3 + 𝑥𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝛿𝑀
M = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 2 → = 2 𝑥𝑦
𝛿𝑌

𝛿𝑀 𝛿𝑁
= → 𝑃𝐷 𝐸𝑘𝑠𝑎𝑘
𝛿𝑌 𝛿𝑌

Solusi Eksak :
𝛿𝑢 𝛿𝑢
M = 𝛿𝑥 → 𝑥 3 + 𝑥𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 2 = 𝛿𝑥

𝛿𝑢 = (𝑥 3 + 𝑥𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 2 ) dx → u = ∫(𝑥 3 + 𝑥𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 2 ) dx

𝑥4 𝑥2𝑦2 2𝑥 3
u= 4
+ 2
+ 3
+ c (y)……………(c)
 𝛿𝑢 𝛿𝑢
= 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑐 ′ (𝑦) 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑎 ∶ = 𝑁 = 𝑥2𝑦
𝛿𝑌 𝛿𝑌

𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑐 ′ (𝑦) = 𝑥 2 𝑦 → 𝑐 ′ (𝑦) = 0

∫ c ′ (y) = ∫ 0

c (y) = c……………………………..(d)

Dari persamaan (c) dan (d) didapat solusi umum :

𝑥4 𝑥2𝑦 2 2𝑥 3
u= + + +c
4 2 3

(x = 2 dan y = 4)

(2)4 (2)2 (4)2 2.(2)3

u= + +
4 2 3

16
u = 4 + 32 + 3

124
u= 3

10. 2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 − (2𝑥 − 𝑩) 𝑑𝑥 = 0

Penyelesaian:

2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 − (2𝑥 − 4) 𝑑𝑥 = 0

2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 = (2𝑥 − 4) 𝑑𝑥
2𝑥−4
dy = ( 2𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥

1 4
dy = (𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥

1 4
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

4
y = In |𝑥| + +𝑐
2𝑥
11. xy’ – y = 𝑥 3 + 𝑩

Penyelesaian:

xy’ – y = 𝑥 3 + 4………………………………(i)

Solusi Umum PD homogen (yk);

xy’ – y = 0

xy’ = 0
𝑦
y’ = 𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑦
=𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑦
=∫ 𝑥

In |𝑥| = In |𝑥| + 𝐼𝑛 𝑐

y = Cx………………………………………..(ii)

y’ = (𝜇. 𝐶𝑥 ∶ 𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑙 𝑐 = 1, 𝑚𝑎𝑘𝑎 𝑦𝑘 = 𝜇𝑥

x(𝜇𝑥)′ − (𝜇𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 4

x(𝜇𝑥 2 + 𝜇. 1) − (𝜇𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 4

(𝜇′𝑥 2 + 𝜇. 1) − (𝜇𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 4

𝑥3+ 4
𝜇𝑥 2 = 𝑥2

𝜇 ′ = 𝑥 (3−2) + 𝑥 −2

𝜇 = ∫(𝑥 + 𝑥 −2 )𝑑𝑥
1
= 2 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 −1 …………………………….(iii)

Solusi Umum

yk = 𝜇𝑥
1 1
yk = (2 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 −1 ) 𝑥 = 2 + 𝑥 3 − 4

1
y = yk + yk = (𝑥 + 2 + 𝑥 3 − 4)
12. y”-2y’ + By = x + cos 2x
Penyelesaian:
y"−2 y '+4 y = x + cos 2 x
Persamaan Karakteristik: 2 − 2 + 4 = 0
Didapat akar-akar persamaan :
y’’ – 2y’ + 4y = x + cos 2x………………………...(i)
a. Solusi Umum PD homogen (yh):
2  − 12
2 − 2 + 4 = 0 → 1, 2 = =
2
2 + 12 1 2 − 12 1
1 = = = 0,2887dan1 = =− = −0,2887
2 12 2 12
y = e x (C1.e 0, 2887 x + C2 .e −0, 2887 x )
b. Solusi Khusus PD tidak homogen (yk) : f(x) = x + cos 2x
yk = Ax + B + C sin 2x + D cos 2x……….(ii)
yk’ = A + 2C cos 2x – 2D sin 2x…………..(iii)
yk’’ = -4C sin 2x - 4D cos 2x………………..(iv)

Subsitusikan Persamaan (ii), (iii), (iv) ke Persamaan (i)

(-4C sin 2x - 4D cos 2x) – 2 (A + 2C cos 2x – 2D sin 2x) + 3(Ax + B + C sin 2x + D
cos 2x) = x + cos 2x
(-4C sin 2x - 4D cos 2x) – (2A + 4C cos 2x – 4D sin 2x) + (3Ax + 3B + 3C sin 2x +
3D cos 2x) = x + cos 2x
3Ax – 2A + 3B – 4C sin 2x + 3C sin 2x – 4C cos 2x + 4D sin 2x – 4D cos 2x + 3D
cos 2x = x + cos 2x
3Ax – 2A + 3B – C sin 2x – 4C cos 2x + 4D sin 2x – D cos 2x = x + cos 2x
-4C cos 2x = cos 2x -D cos 2x = cos 2x
-4C = 1 -D = 1
1
C= − 4 D = -1
1
Subsitusikan nilai C dan D ke persamaan (ii): yk = − 4 sin 2x - 1 cos 2x
Jadi, solusi umum dari PD tersebut adalah
1
y = yh + yk = y = e x (C1.e 0, 2887 x + C2 .e −0, 2887 x ) − 4 sin 2x - 1 cos 2x

13. y” + y’ = x + B + 3ex …………...i B = 4;

Penyelesaian:

y"+ y '+ y = x + 4 + 3e x ...............................i

Solusi Umum PD homogeny (yh):

Persamaan Karakteristik: λ² - 2λ + 1 = 0
 −( −1)± √12 −4.1.1
λ1,2 = 2.1

−1 ± √−3
= 2

−1 ± √−3 𝑖
= 2

1 √3
Sehingga : λ1 = - 2 dan λ2 = 2

1 3
− x
yh = C1 .e 2
+ C2 .e 2

Solusi Khusus PD non-homogen (yk): f(x)= x + 4 + 3ex

yk = Ax + B + Ce x .......................ii
yk ' = A + Ce x ..............................iii
yk" = C.e x ..................................iv

Sub per ii,iii, dan iv ke per 1

y"+ y '+ y = x + 4 + 3e x

C.e x + A + Ce x + Ax + B + Ce x = x + 4 + 3e x
A + Ax + B + 3Ce x = x + 4 + 3e x
Maka:

3Ce x = 3e x → C = 1
Ax = x → A = 1
A + B = 4 →1+ B = 4 → B = 3
A= 1, B = 3, C = 1
Subsitusikan A,B,DAN C ke per ii

yk = Ax + B + Ce x

= x + 3 + ex

Solusi Umum PD:

y = yh + yk
1
− x 3 3
y=e 2
(C1. cos x + C 2 sin x) + x + 3 + e x
2 2
14. x 2 y"+3 xy '+4 y = Bx
Penyelesaian:
x 2 y"+3 xy '+4 y = 4 x
Solusi umum PD homogeny (yh):

P=3 q=4
 + ( p − 1) + q = 0
2

2 + (3 − 1) + 4 = 0
2 + 2 + 4 = 0
− 2  2 2 − 4.1.4
1, 2 =
2.1
− 2  4 − 16 − 2  12i
1, 2 = =
2 2
a = −1, b = 3i

yh = C1 .x −1+ 3i
+ C1 .x −1+ 3i

yh = x −1 C1 .e( + C .e
3i ln x
2 ) 3i ln x

yh = x −1 C' cos( 3 ln x) + C' sin( 3 ln x)

1 2

yh = x −1
K cos( 3 ln x) + L sin( 3 ln x)
Solusi Khusus PD Non-Homogen (yk): f(x)=4x

yk = Ax + b...................ii
yk ' = A...........................iii
y" = 0.............................iv

Subsitusikan ii, iii, dan iv ke per i

x 2 y"+3 xy '+4 y = 4 x
y" = 0 + 3 x( A) + 4( Ax + B ) = 4 x
3 Ax + 4 Ax + 4 B = 4 x
7 Ax + 4 B = 4 x
Maka :
4
7 Ax = 4 x → A =
7
4B = 0 → B = 0
Subsitusikan nilai A, dan B ke per ii
yk = Ax + B
4
yk = x+0
7
4
yk = x
7
Jdi, solusi umum untuk PD tersebut adalah
y = yh + yk

  4
y = yh = x −1 K cos( 3 ln x) + L sin( 3 ln x) + x
7