DRRR11 Q2 Mod10

DISASTER READINESS RISK REDUCTION
Quarter 2- Module 10:

Fire Triangle, Causes Of Fires, Precautionary
Measures and Basic Response Including
Fire Emergency Evacuation Plan
Photo Credit: Ferdinand A. Cabeguin
Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Disaster Readiness & Risk Reduction – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2– Module 10: Fire Triangle, Causes Of Fires, Precautionary Measures
and Basic Response Including Fire Emergency Evacuation Plan
First Edition, 2020
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Disaster Readiness and
Risk Reduction
Quarter 2 – Module 10:
Causes Of Fires, Precautionary Measures and Basic Response Including Fire
Emergency Evacuation Plan
This instructional material was collaboratively developed and

reviewed by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and
or/universities. We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to
email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of
Education at action@deped.gov.ph.
We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education – Republic of the Philippines
What I need to know...?

This module will assist you in understanding causes of fire, precautionary measures and
basic response procedure including fire emergency and evacuation plan.
Lesson 1…………Recognize elements of the fire triangle in different situations.

Lesson 2…………Analyse the different causes of fire.
Lesson 3……….Observe precautionary measures and proper procedures in addressing
a fire incident.
Lesson 4………… Apply basic response procedures during a fire incident.
Lesson 5………….Follow Fire Emergency and Evacuation Plans
What you are expected to learn...

After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Discuss the elements of fire triangle.
2. Apply how fire can be prevented.
3. Practice how to carry individuals in a fire related incident.
4. Orient oneself about precautionary measures and procedures in a fire incident.
5. Apply fire emergency and evacuation plans.
How to learn from this module...

To achieve the objectives of this module, do the following:
1. Read and follow instructions carefully.

2. Answer the pre-test before you start the lesson.
3. Observe the time allocation to finish this module/kit.
4. Jot down notes and records points for clarifications.
5. Try to achieve at least 75% level of proficiency in the test.
6. Work religiously and diligently.
7. Answer the post-test honestly.
What to do before (Pretest)...
Direction: In a separate sheet of paper, write the letter of the correct answer.
1. It is a sudden event that causes the loss of lives. (to be replaced)

a) Hazard
b) Exposure
c) Disaster
d) Vulnerability
2. What law provides for Disaster Risk Reduction and Management?
a) RA 10121
b) RA 10211
c) RA 1121
d) RA 121
3. Philippines is prone to calamities because it is ______.
a) A poor country.
b) A tourist spots.
c) An archipelago.
d) An Atlantic Ocean.
4. An event becomes a disaster when there are ______.
a) no casualties
b) many casualties
c) hazards
d) none of the above
5. A danger or risk that may cause loss of life and livelihood is called ______.
a) Hazard
b) Exposure
c.) Disaster
d.) Vulnerability
6. Which of the following shows disaster?
a) A typhoon leaving no damage
b) A landslide in a non-populous area leaving no casualty
c) A storm surge with many fatalities
d) A vehicular accident causing the death of the driver
7. What is the Pacific Ring of Fire?
a. A horseshoe shape area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where volcanoes are
aligned.
b. A U-shape area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where volcanoes are located.
c. A circle shape area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where volcanoes are
aligned.
d. A circle shape area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where volcanoes are
aligned.
8. Which of the following are risk factors underlying disaster EXCEPT?
a) Age
b) Severity of exposure
c) Persons with disability
d) Educational attainment
9. These following are the effects of disaster EXCEPT:
a) Population displacement
b) Food scarcity
c) Continuity of livelihood
d) Emotional aftershock
10. How can we increase capacity?
a) By sharing knowledge and be prepared on risk reduction
b) Do not mind the warning of the disaster risk management
c) Not to get involved with the prevention conducted by the community
d) Do not evacuate even an alert of evacuation is given by the officials
Quarter 2– Module 11: Fire Triangle, Causes of Fire, Precautionary Measures,
Basic Response and Fire Emergency and Evacuation Plan
First Edition, 2020
over them.

Secretary:
Undersecretary:
Author: Ferdinand A. Cabeguin
Editor:
Reviewers:
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team:

Office Address: ______________________________________
Telefax: ______________________________________
E-mail Address: ______________________________________
Lesson Elements of the Fire Triangle
1
Lives were lost and properties destroyed during fire incidents. It is therefore important that
fire prevention should be strengthened in the community. However, evacuation procedure
during fire should be practiced at least at the family level in order to save lives.
Review
What’s in (Balikan)
In the previous lesson, you learned how to use available tools online and offline for
monitoring hydro-meteorological hazards. Hazard such as typhoons can be monitored while
it is still developing mostly in the pacific ocean. This will provide you and your family the lead
time to prepare for possible impact that it may cause to your property and lives. You knew
that there are other hazards that typhoons could bring like storm surge, flash floods and
landslide triggered by continues raining. The key to survival therefore is to maintain a
constant awareness of approaching hydro-meteorological hazards through constant
monitoring.
What’s New…
The Fire Triangle
In order to understand how fire extinguishers work, you first need to know a little bit about
fire.
Four things must be present at the same time in order to produce fire:
Enough oxygen to sustain combustion,
Enough heat to raise the material to its ignition temperature,
Some sort of fuel or combustible material, and
The chemical, exothermic reaction that is fire.
Take a look at the following diagram, called the "Fire Triangle"
Oxygen, heat, and fuel are frequently referred to as the "fire triangle." Add in the fourth
element, the chemical reaction, and you actually have a fire "tetrahedron." The important
thing to remember is: take any of these four things away, and you will not have a fire or the
fire will be extinguished. Essentially, fire extinguishers put out fire by taking away one or
more elements of the fire triangle/tetrahedron. Fire safety, at its most basic, is based upon
the principle of keeping fuel sources and ignition sources separate.
https://www.sc.edu/ehs/training/Fire/01_triangle.htm
1. Fuel – materials that can be burned (wood, paper, fabric, chemical, etc.)
2. Heat – energy that raises the material to its ignition temperature
3. Oxygen – reacts to fuel and maintains combustion (air contains 21% oxygen)
What will you do…

Activity 1: Fire Me Up!
Direction: Complete the needed information about fire triangle using the pictures below. Use
the information you have just learned to complete the needed information. You may use the
internet to improve the quality of your answers.
What is being described in this picture?
Use the terms being described in What‟s
New…

How can be a match creates destructive
fires?
Complete this phrase.

A lighted match will ……….
Complete this phrase.

This lighted candle will continue to burn……

What is the role of oxygen in this set-up
when the inverted glass covered the lighted
candle?
Explain how the flame was extinguished

after a while when a glass covered the
lighted candle.
What is it (Suriin)…
Discussion of Activity 1
1. When you start a fire using a fire wood, why do you have to make sure that the wood
is thoroughly dried?
2. The curtain catches fire and you remove it by pulling the curtain out of your house.
Explain why you acted in this manner?
3. A fireman responded on a fire call, at the area where the fire happen the fireman
sprays water on a nearby house that does not catch fire. What is the reason of doing
it? Use the terms you learned above.
Enrichment Activities
What’s more (Pagyamanin)

Conduct an investigation about the fire risk that your family is exposed to in
your neighbourhood (exm. Your neighbour may be buying copra or dried coconut
flesh in large quantity and this is the fuel that will worsen possible fire in my
community). Complete this table.
Type of fire Approximate What will trigger Suggestion to minimize or

element distance from the fire? prevent the occurrence of
(fuel, heat my house fire
source) (meters)
Generalization
What I have learned (Isaisip)

Complete the sentence stem below. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Elements of fire triangle includes the
following_____________________________________________________________
_____ _____________________________________________but the
absence of at least one element
will____________________________________________________________
_____________
Application
What I can do (Isagawa)

Look around and inside your house. Identify the elements that may start a fire.
Also include where these elements are found as well as your suggestion to prevent
fire to start.
Element of Fire Location(exm. Bedroom of Suggestion to prevent
kuya etc.) possible fire
Additional Activities (Karagdagan Gawain)
Design a house with fire-proof kitchen. Draw and describe the features that make it a fire-
proof kitchen. Submit all the written requirements next meeting.
Quarter 2– Module 11: Fire and Evacuation Plan, Concepts, Principles and
Elements of DRR, and Its Importance
First Edition, 2020
over them.

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Editor:
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Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
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Office Address: ______________________________________
Telefax: ______________________________________
E-mail Address: ______________________________________
Lesson Different Causes of Fires
2
Fires can be prevented if we knew what cause it. In the Philippines, one of the top three
causes of fire is associated with overloaded wires or circuits (electrical). This may be
associated with a number of cell phones and other gadgets charged overnight using
extension cords that have been plugged with so many gadgets (octopus connection).
Review
In the previous lesson, you learned that fire can start when all elements of fire are
present. If one is missing, fire will not start or the fire will be smothered. It is important to be
conscious all the time about these elements because of the possibility of destructive fire that
may take lives and loss of properties and businesses.
What’s New…
Most common causes of fire…
We can prevent destructive fires from happening if we know the most common causes, as
follows:
Electrical. Faulty wiring is a misnomer. If there is actually faulty wiring, there would have
been no electrical power from the very start when you switch on the circuit breaker or the
main service protective equipment. What actually happens is that the wires or circuit
becomes overloaded due to increase in the load the circuit carries without changing the
size of the wires. The subsequent effect will be weakening of the insulation of the wires due
to overheating in the circuit caused by the additional load.
Incendiarism (Arson). It pertains to the malicious burning of property, using certain

chemicals, bombs, etc, and causing fire start.
Open flames. Unattended burning candles or kerosene lamps that are placed near
flammable/ combustible material is a fire waiting to happen. Unattended cooking causes most
fires in the homes that occur in the kitchen. Oil or fat starting to smoke is near the combustion
point and can ignite violently.
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). LPG is liquid inside the container, but immediately
transforms to the gaseous state when released. It is liquefied so it can be stored
economically and transported easily. A gallon of liquid LPG in a bottle will expand about 270
times as much when suspended in a vapor form. Like any other liquid, LPG expands and
contracts with changes in temperature. A gallon of liquid LPG expands at higher temperature
and contracts at a lower temperature. This is why LPGas containers are never filled to their
full capacity to give allowance for expansion of liquid. However, it is heavier than air in vapor
form, it pushes out air inside the room causing a shortage of oxygen and this might suffocate
any person in that room. LPGas is colorless, tasteless and odourless, but an odorizing agent
called “ethyl mercaptan” is introduced to it so that leaks can easily be detected. LPGas in its
vapour form is about half as light as water. This has its significance in case of gas leaks, so
that the tendency of gas flow is to float at lower levels.
Fireworks. These are beautiful pyrotechnic displays resulting from the occurrence of certain
oxidation, reduction, and reactions. The substances that produce fireworks are hazardous
materials. These must be stored, transported, handled as oxidizers, and displayed by
experienced, and knowledgeable professionals. Implementation of prohibitions in the
manufacture, handling and use should be strictly complied with everyone as fire safety
precaution.
Spontaneous Ignition. This occurs as a result of a chemical reaction within the material. It is
a reaction independent of any outside source of heat. It begins with spontaneous heating
which some of the common materials that may spontaneously heat and ignite are animal oils,
mixed fish oils, coal, sawdust, hay, grain, and cotton.
Static electricity. It involves the movement of electrons between two objects in contact with
each other. Electrical charges are produced on the objects when they are separated. If the
charge builds up, it will develop enough energy to jump as a spark to a nearby grounded or
less highly charged object. This spark can ignite flammable vapors, flammable gases or finely
dispersed combustible solid materials.
Smoking. Careless smoking especially in bed is a leading cause of fire in the homes. In the
Philippines it is the fourth leading cause of fire.
https://sites.google.com/site/bfpregion13/fire-safety/most-common-causes-of-fire
What will you do…

Activity 1: Fire Assessment at Home
Direction: Choose 3 among the eight common causes of fire that may be applicable in your
own situation at home. Complete the table below.
Cause of Fire Description Prevention Family Vulnerability
(Low,medium,high)
1. Why is it important to assess your family vulnerability of fire hazard?
2. Do you think this vulnerability assessment helps your family in preventing fire?
3. Can you think of other causes of fire at home?

Remember the 1996 Ozone Disco fire?
The fire that killed 162 people in Quezon City 21 years ago is considered the worst club fire in
the Philippines and seventh in the world
Gwen de la Cruz
Updated 3:37 PM, March 18, 2017
MANILA, Philippines (UPDATED) – What was supposed to be a fun night for most students
and some professionals who went to Ozone Disco in Quezon City 21 years ago, turned out to
be the greatest tragedy of their lives. It was on a Monday night of March 18, 1996, when
most students were celebrating the end of their classes, that Ozone Disco Club offered a
50% discount promo for guests. But for Jhunie Mallari, a dancer and a regular customer of
the disco back then, it was supposed to be a normal party with his cousin and dance group.
It was indeed an unusual night as the disco club was jam-packed. There were more than 300
people there, when the room could only accommodate about a hundred. He was on a ledge
just in front of the DJ‟s booth dancing along with his friends, unaware of the tragedy that was
about to happen. Shortly before midnight, there was a spark at the booth. Then a fire broke
and spread through the ceiling. While some people thought it was part of the disco‟s “special
effects”, Mallari already knew something was wrong. Someone shouted there was a fire.
Then there was commotion. He jumped and rushed towards the door, which was already full
of people trying to get out of the room. The fire engulfed the whole room really fast, he said.
And as people tried pushing their way through the door, the harder it was to get out because
the door could only be opened inwards.
“Nakikipagsiksikan ako. Hanggang sa hindi ko na kaya, huminto na kami kasi hindi na…
trapped na kami,” he said. (I pushed myself through the thick crowd until I couldn‟t anymore.
We stopped because we were already trapped.)
https://www.rappler.com/move-ph/issues/disasters/knowledge-base/87521-1996-ozone-disco-club-
fire
Read the article above and indicate the Elaborate by writing the main idea using
author and source your own words
Annotate by writing the most important Ponder by discussing what the author
information would like you to understand and writing 3
questions about it.
Generalization

Most of the causes of fire come from
__________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________while at home fire
may start
from___________________________________________________________
______________
Application

Your task is to document by taking a photograph using your phone (if you don‟t have, then
just describe in writing) the different sources where fire may start in your community. Visit
public places like market, schools etc.
Visit your nearest Bureau of Fire in your municipality. Interview one of the fire officers
regarding the nature of his/her work. Ask him/her about how they respond on a fire call. Ask
also what qualities or characters that a good fireman should have to be successful in this kind
of job. Ask permission if you would like to have a picture taken. Document this activity
digitally (v/blogs) or in writing.
First Edition, 2020
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Illustrator:
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Management Team:

Office Address: ______________________________________
Telefax: ______________________________________
E-mail Address: ______________________________________
Lesson Precautionary Measures and Proper
3 Procedure in Addressing a Fire
As what the saying goes “Isang onsa ng pag-iwas ay nagkakahalaga ng isang libong lunas”
or “an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure”. To be pro-active with fire prevention by
taking the necessary steps will really help us in reducing our risk of fire. However, if fire
occurs, one should be ready to address it at the earliest possible time in order to mitigate its
impact on lives and properties.
Review
In the previous lesson, you learned to analyse the different causes of fire. You
learned that faulty or overloaded circuit is one of the most common causes of fire in the
Philippines. It is also important to be conscious about your community that may pose a threat
of fire, thus the importance of constantly monitoring your surroundings for possible triggers of
fire.
What’s New…
7 Simple Steps for Fire Safety…

Prevent Fire
1. 1. Don‟t smoke in bed or when sleepy. Smoking materials are the cause of home fire
2. fatalities.
3. 2. Turn off portable space heaters when you leave the room or go to sleep. Heating
4. equipment is the source of an additional home fire fatalities.
5. 3. Turn off the stove if you have to answer the phone or leave the room. Cooking equipment
6. is the source of home fire fatalities, and by far the leading cause of home fire injuries.
7. 4. Put away matches or lighters in a high cabinet or locked drawer, out of sight and reach of
8. children. Children under age 5 are eight times more likely to die in a fire caused by playing
9. with a heat source than are older children and adults.
Be Prepared If a Fire Occurs
1. 1. Install a smoke alarm. One working smoke alarm on each floor is better, and one working
2. smoke alarm inside every sleeping area is best.
3. 2. Press the test button on your smoke alarm to make sure it‟s still working, even if it‟s hard-
4. wired or has long-life batteries;
5. 3. Plan and practice a home fire drill. Make sure everyone in your home knows what to do
6. when the alarm sounds:
 4. Get out right away.
 4.1 Go directly to your meeting place. Choose a meeting place in front of your home or
 where firefighters can see you.
 4.2 Don‟t go back inside for anything.
 Call your nearest Fire Bureau: ___________________________. Provide your address with
the complete and precise street name (e.g. is it Sunset Street, Sunset Circle, Sunset
Boulevard?) and the nearest cross street.
https://prevention1st.org/7-simple-steps-for-fire-safety/
Fire Survival Guide
If a fire occurs in your home, your chances of survival will depend on how quickly and safely
you are able to get out.
Planning your escape route

If a fire occurs in your home you may have to get out in dark and difficult conditions. Escaping
from a fire will be a lot easier if you have already planned your escape route and know where
to go. Make sure that your planned escape route remains free of any obstructions and that
there are no loose floor coverings that could trip you. Everyone in the house should be made
aware of the escape route.
If you have serious mobility difficulties you may wish to consider having your bedroom on the
ground floor and as near as possible to an exit. If you need assistance to make your escape,
it is vital that you have some means of summoning help from your bed, such as a buzzer,
intercom or telephone.
There are also systems available which will automatically dial out on your telephone line to
summon help or send a signal to a manned control room. Details of the many emergency
call/alarm systems available can be obtained from the Disabled Living Foundation who
produce a booklet on the subject.
What to do if a fire breaks out

We all try to prevent fire starting in our home. But it only takes an unguarded or careless
moment for a fire to start. A couple of minutes later and your home could be filled with smoke.
Smoke and fumes can kill – particularly the highly poisonous smoke from some furnishings.
You will only have a short time to get out. Use it wisely and try not to panic. If you can safely
do so, close the door of the room where the fire has started and close all other doors behind
you. This will help delay the spread of smokeBefore opening a closed door, use the back of
your hand to touch it. Don‟t open it if it feels warm – the fire may be on the other side
Get everyone out as quickly as possible.
Don‟t try to pick up valuables or possessions.
Make your way out as safely as possible and try not to panic
Never go back into your home until a fire officer has told you it is safe
It will help if you have planned your escape route rather than waiting until there is a fire.
Telephone the fire brigade from a neighbour‟s house or mobile. Clearly state the address of
the fire.
What to do if you are cut off by fire
It is not easy but try to remain calm. Save your energy to help you survive. If you are
prevented from getting out because of flames or smoke, close the door nearest to the fire and
use towels or sheets to block any gaps. This will help stop smoke spreading into your room.
Go to the window if the room becomes smoky, go down to floor level – it is easier to breathe
closer to the floor because smoke will rise upwards. Open the window, try to attract the
attention of others who can alert the fire brigade. Wait for the fire brigade, they should arrive
in a matter of minutes. If you are in immediate danger and your room is not too high from the
ground, drop cushions or bedding to the ground below to break your fall from the window.
Get out feet first and lower yourself to the full length of your arms before letting yourself drop
Bedtime Routine
Many fires in the home start at night. Make sure you have a bedtime fire safety routine to help
keep you and your family safe. Here are a few simple things you should do every night:
Switch off and unplug all electrical appliances not designed to stay on. (There are specially
designed plugs available which can be very easily inserted and removed. Details of these
devices are available from the Disabled Living Foundation Make sure no cigarettes or pipes
are still burning. Never smoke in bed. Before emptying ashtrays make sure the contents are
cold. Switch off portable heaters. Close the doors of all rooms.
https://www.firesafe.org.uk/a-fire-survival-guide/
What will you do…

Activity 1: Fire Safety and Procedure
Direction: Considering your own situation the suggestions above may not be applicable. In
this effect, provide your own alternative suggestions on how to do the fire safety and conduct
response in the event of fire at home. Use the information above so you can generate your
own alternative suggestion.
Steps for Fire Safety Alternative Suggestion/s
Exm. Smoke alarm will warn people. Use whistle to call attention and shout “FIRE!!!”
since fire or smke alarm may not be available at
home.
1. What is the importance of observing correct precautionary measures and procedures
in addressing fire?
2. Evaluate your own situation at home, do you think your family is conscious about fire
safety? If not, how will you plan to change it?
Conduct an interview with your relatives or neighbors regarding their
preparedness on addressing a fire at home. Ask them the following questions
Questions Answers
Do your family conduct regular check-up of fire

hazards in your house? Why?
Does your house has fire exit/s?
Do you check your outlets for charged gadgets
before you went to bed?
Is there a member of your family who smoke
inside your house? If yes, do you know the
hazard pose by this? How do you address this to
prevent fire?
Are there children who are less than 5 years
old? Are they constantly being monitored by
adults? How do you ensure that they don‟t have
access to matches?
Write your own question…..
1. Did the community was able to respond and build back their lives
immediately? If not, why?
Generalization

1. Observing precautionary measure and correct procedures to prevent fire will help
my….
__________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________because___________
______________________________________________________________
Application

Create your family fire safety and survival guide. Before writing, be sure to discuss this
with your family. Write this down and post it on the wall where everyone can see. Be sure to
document all the tasks required in this module. Submit this next meeting.
Your task is to ask your barangay DRRMC about what they do in order for their
community to be conscious about fire prevention. Do they have specific activities like fire
awareness in the month of March? Do they conduct information campaign and coordinate
closely with their Fire Department? Does the BDRRMC conducts training for fire fighting?
First Edition, 2020
over them.

Secretary:
Undersecretary:
Editor:
Reviewers:
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team:

Office Address: ______________________________________
Telefax: ______________________________________
E-mail Address: ______________________________________
Lesson Basic Response Procedure During

4 Fire Incident
“Ligtas ang may alam” or knowledge will keep one safe especially in emergencies. In the
event of fire, immediate response has to be done. If fire will not be suppressed, it will create
more damage to property and possibly cost lives. It is therefore important that everyone
knows what to do and act decisively when this will happen.
Review
In the previous lesson, you learned the importance of procedure and response in a
fire incident. Your survival depends largely on your ability to assess the situation and
execute the necessary action to save your life and possibly the lives of other people.
However, these procedures must be practiced during fire drills. When the moment comes, it
will become automatic for your system to react and therefore saves precious time for your
escape.
What’s New…
Fire Basic Response Procedures
In surviving a fire incident, one must not panic, instead, remember the following basic
procedures in surviving a fire incident.
1. When inside the burning area follow the following:
As the fire alarm sounds, evacuate to a safe place.
If you see a fire, shout “FIRE!” or activate the fire alarms to inform other people
If the fire is still small, use an appropriate fire extinguisher.
Touch the door first before entering. If they are hot don‟t open and look for another way
out.
If there is smoke, cover your nose and stay as low as possible.
rea and call the nearest fire station.
2. When outside the burning area follow the following:

Do not attempt to go inside the area and immediately contact the nearest fire station.
Listen and follow the orders of the emergency response team.
in a bucket relay (passing buckets full of water)
3. If you catch fire, do the “Stop, Drop, and Roll” right away.
What will you do…

Activity 1: Bucket Relay
Direction: Conduct a neighbourhood fire brigade bucket relay. Make use of readily available
buckets(exm. Empty containers of 1 gallon paint with handle) and barrels of water. Station it
in strategic place in your neighbourhood. Ask the help of BDRRMC to support you with this
activity. Ideally, the team may join a fire Olympics organized by your MDRRMC and Fire
department in the month of March during the observance of fire prevention month. Document
your activity with pictures and submit it next meeting.
1. What do you think is the importance of continuously conducting a fire fighting exercise
in the form of a bucket relay? Do you find this activity helpful?
2. What is the significance of pre-positioning the water and buckets in strategic places in
your community? Is this possible to maintain throughout the year?
3. How will you involve your neighbours to have a regular bucket relay drill in your
community?

The following are social media account of their experiences as survivors during the NCCC
Mall fire on December 23, 2017. Read and situate yourself in their shoes.
“It was the last day of work before the holiday celebrations so everyone was excited to go
home. 5-10minutes before 10am, we smelled something burning like plastic or toxic fumes
and seconds later, smoke started coming out from our airconditioners. Everything happened
so fast because in just a few seconds the smoke started to get very heavy and dark so we all
ran to the fire exit near the locker area shaking and shouting.”
“People were already crowded as we approach the fire exit. I heard someone shouting, “Balik
kay dili maagian ang fire exit. Init kaau sulod!” [“Go back, fire exit is impassable. It's so hot
inside”]. So we slowly moved back inside but as we approached the attendance area, people
from the 2nd fire exit came rushing towards us and said it's also impassable there.”
“I honestly thought i was gonna die that time „coz i already had a hard time breathing. The
sprinklers did not work so someone who has water with them threw it in the air and i even got
some water on me which apparently turned into black ash stains on my jacket.”
“Simultaneously, the lights went out. There was no electricity. It was dark, people started
screaming. Smoke was starting to cover us. I maintained composure, I saw my girlfriend and
grabbed her and she was at my left arm. At my right arm is one of our agents, at our back is
one agent as well, and upfront is our 5 months pregnant agent. I told them to stop crying and
cover their mouths. ZERO VISIBILITY. I was just trying to remember how many steps I have
to make to get back inside the office."
“A colleague who was just behind me got trapped in the locker area and was not following me
anymore. I saw them and heard them say, “go back go back it is too hot it is unbearable! CR
[Comfort Room]! It is very traumatic. Those trapped in the locker areas are my co-workers!
Unfortunately they were unable to go out to the lobby! Both fire exits were impassable. We
even tried to break the glass at the locker by the billiard hall because people wanted to jump
out! But the glass was too thick and unbreakable. We were unable to see anything anymore
and the smoke was too painful to the throat! I cannot imagine what they felt inside struggling
to breath.”
“No alarms from the mall or any word from any mall employee downstairs that there was
already a fire going on minutes ago on the lower floors. We only found out when smoke just
came out from the AC and everything was almost too late.”
“We tried to back in on every possible entry and it was too hot and the smoke was too thick. It
was too hot for the face and even those with gear looks like the plastic on the helmet would
melt… We kept on going back to the entry points but the heat was too unbearable even for
the fire [fighting] special unit wearing special gear.”
https://globalvoices.org/2017/12/30/survivors-of-a-deadly-mall-fire-in-the-philippines-share-
harrowing-testimonies-on-social-media/
Generalization

1. It is important to apply the basic response procedure particularly on conducting bucket
relay to fight the fire in my community
because…..__________________________________________________________
________ _____________________________________________Not
conducting it
will____________________________________________________________
_____________
Application

Develop a survival strategy if you will be caught in a situation wherein the building
you are occupying is on fire.
Write a reflection paper about what you think and feel about the stories told by survivors
as written in their social media account above.
.
First Edition, 2020
over them.

Secretary:
Undersecretary:
Editor:
Reviewers:
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team:

Office Address: ______________________________________
Telefax: ______________________________________
E-mail Address: ______________________________________
Lesson Fire Emergency and Evacuation
5 Plans
Lives were lost and properties destroyed during fire incidents. It is therefore important that
fire prevention should be strengthened in the community. However, evacuation procedure
during fire should be practiced at least at the family level in order to save lives.
Review
In the previous lesson, you learned the importance of basic response procedure
during fire incident particularly on carrying technique. These skills will come handy during
evacuating a building during fire and a person needs to be carried.
What’s New…
Fire drill saves lives…
A lot of lives have been lost due to fire. Oftentimes the cause is associated with faulty
electrical connections and gadgets that have been left charged overnight. Other contributing
factors that led to more lives lost are associated with blocked or absence of fire exists,
particularly in places where congestion is observed due to the large presence of informal
settlers. Therefore, every building should have a fire emergency and evacuation plan to
mitigate the impacts of fire. However, these plans and procedures must be practiced at least
in a quarterly basis; in the community, at home, in school, and workplaces during fire drills.
A Fire drill is a simulated emergency procedure that should be communicated and
practiced by the occupants in a building to prepare on how to respond during a fire incident.
The family should have an evacuation plan as well as agree the meeting place for family
reunification.
The 6 phases that should be followed during a fire drill are:
Phase 1: ALARM – Fire alarms are sounded.
Phase 2: RESPONSE – occupants will have to be alert for fire, and smoke.
Phase 3: EVACUATION – occupants evacuate through fire exits or the pre-determined
routes to the evacuation area/s.
Phase 4: ASSEMBLY – participants should group together in the evacuation area
Phase 5: HEAD COUNT – a leader should check to make sure all participants are present.
Phase 6: EVALUATION – the problems encountered during the drill and how can these be
corrected are noted.
What will you do…

Activity 1: Simulation Exercise on Fire Incident at Home
Direction: Conduct a family-based fire emergency and evacuation simulation exercise with
your parents. Submit your output next meeting.
Head of the Family:______________Address: ________Contact Number: ______

Action of the Family Member
Phase 1: ALARM Exm. Shout “Fire”…awaken everyone…etc.
Phase 2: RESPONSE
Phase 3: EVACUATION
Phase 4: ASSEMBLY
Phase 5: HEAD COUNT
Drawing/sketch of your Family Evacuation Plan

Contact Number Bureau of Fire: ______________
2. What did your family think about the fire drill simulation exercise?
3. Explain the importance of conducting a family-based fire and evacuation drills?
4. If you are a fire marshal in your municipality, how do you plan to strengthen the
involvement of families in disaster prevention and mitigation particularly on fire
prevention?

Conduct an investigation regarding fire event/s that happened in your
community. You may ask individuals who has a first-hand information about the
event. You have the option to use the internet if first-hand information is not
available. Complete the following table.
Fire Event Location:
Year Approximate Number of Number of deaths and the
Number of people/families circumstances (exm. Person with
houses/structures displaced disability)
destroyed
2. Did the community was able to respond and build back their lives
immediately? If not, why?
Generalization

1. The fire emergency and evacuation plan helps my family
by__________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________because___________
_____________________________________________________________
Application

Your task is to create a waterproof leaflet/booklet containing important emergency contact
numbers like the fire department, barangay police, PNP, BDRRMC, MDRRMC, First
responders, relatives and other contact information that you think are relevant. Facebook
page of the agency may be used. You have the option to give it to your neighbour or friends.
It will be helpful also to draw the evacuation plan in the leaflet.
Note: Be sure to validate the contact information
Agency Contact Number Website/Webpages/Social
Media Account
Survey your immediate community. Then make a sketch that shows the different fire
hazards in your community (exm. Flying connections). Suggest how to reduce or prevent the
occurrence of fire and if possible, talk to the community leader about this problem. Also
indicate the “safe” evacuation area/s in case a fire will happen on the identified fire hazards.

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DISASTER READINESS RISK REDUCTION

Quarter 2- Module 10:

Photo Credit: Ferdinand A. Cabeguin

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Printed in the Philippines by _____________________________

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and

We value your feedback and recommendations.

What I need to know...?

Lesson 1…………Recognize elements of the fire triangle in different situations.

What you are expected to learn...

How to learn from this module...

1. Read and follow instructions carefully.

1. It is a sudden event that causes the loss of lives. (to be replaced)

Published by the Department of Education

Printed in the Philippines by _____________________________

What will you do…

Photo Credit: Ferdinand A. Cabeguin

Photo Credit: Ferdinand A. Cabeguin

Complete this phrase.

Photo Credit: Ferdinand A. Cabeguin

Complete this phrase.

Photo Credit: Ferdinand A. Cabeguin

Photo Credit: Ferdinand A. Cabeguin

Explain how the flame was extinguished

Photo Credit: Ferdinand A. Cabeguin

What’s more (Pagyamanin)

Type of fire Approximate What will trigger Suggestion to minimize or

What I have learned (Isaisip)

What I can do (Isagawa)

Additional Activities (Karagdagan Gawain)

Published by the Department of Education

Printed in the Philippines by _____________________________

Incendiarism (Arson). It pertains to the malicious burning of property, using certain

What will you do…

What’s more (Pagyamanin)

What I have learned (Isaisip)

What I can do (Isagawa)

Published by the Department of Education

Printed in the Philippines by _____________________________

7 Simple Steps for Fire Safety…

Fire Survival Guide

Planning your escape route

What to do if a fire breaks out

What will you do…

Do your family conduct regular check-up of fire

What I have learned (Isaisip)

What I can do (Isagawa)

Additional Activities (Karagdagan Gawain)

Published by the Department of Education

Printed in the Philippines by _____________________________

Lesson Basic Response Procedure During

2. When outside the burning area follow the following:

What will you do…

What’s more (Pagyamanin)

What I have learned (Isaisip)

What I can do (Isagawa)

Additional Activities (Karagdagan Gawain)

Published by the Department of Education

Printed in the Philippines by _____________________________

What will you do…

Head of the Family:______________Address: ________Contact Number: ______

Phase 5: HEAD COUNT

Drawing/sketch of your Family Evacuation Plan

Head of the Family:________Address: Contact Number: