Htay Ra Woat Tan Ta Wi Lar Thi Ni 2

rmwdum
{ucynmowdrydkif;
1/ *syeftrsdK;om; 29-OD;wdkYtm; omraP 0wfay;awmfrljcif;
2/ wufa&mufvmMuolrsm;
3/ EdkifiHjcm;udk,fpm;vS,fawmfrsm;
4/ ax&0g'Ak'¨bmomavhvmvdkMu
5/ r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u ½SifomraP0wf &[ef;cHay;jcif;
6/ 'kwd,tokwf *syeftrsdK;om; 17-OD; omraPjyKay;awmfrljcif;

'Gdynmowdrydkif;
7/ ucsifjynfe,fNrdKUrsm;ESifh jrefrmjynftxufydkif; tESHYtjym; w&m;a[mawmfrljcif;
8/ ewfarmufNrdKU omoemh&dyfomü w&m;a[mawmfrljcif;
9/ 1326-ckESpf wydkYwGJvjynfhausmf 13-14-&uf nrsm;wGif ewfarmufNrKd U omoemh&yd o

f mü a[mMum;awmfral om
0r®duokwf w&m;awmfBuD;aqmifyk'f
10/ tar;ESifhtajz
11/ 0ga,m"mwf\ vu©Pmponf
12/ pdwf\vu©Pm ponf
13/ tedpömEkyóem
14/ 0dyóem\ tusdK;w&m;

wdynmowdrydkif;
15/ oHwGJNrdKUodkY <ua&muf csD;ajr§ mufawmfrljcif;
16/ a&mufrqdkuf Mo0g'ay;awmfrljcif;
17/ t&d,m0gookwfawmfBuD;a[mawmfrljcif;
18/ te,fe,ftpdkYpdkY tNrdKUNrdKUt½Gm½Gmü w&m;jzifh csD;ajr§mufcJhjcif;
19/ atmifvHNrdKUodkY <ua&mufcsD;ajr§§mufawmfrljcif;

pwkynmowdrydkif;
20/ uGrf;NcHukef; NrdKUolNrdKUom;rsm;tm; csD;ajr§mufjcif;
21/ BudKqdkMu&m pnfum;pGm
22/ w&m;emy&dowfjynfhumusyf
23/ r[mpnfq&mawmf\ "r®aqmifyk'ftcsdKY
24/ ukodkvftusdK;vGefyGm;wdk;
25/ Mo0g'cH,lyGJ
26/ r[mpnfax&ft½Sif a&pBudK<upOf
27/ EIwfcGef;qufo Mo0g'
28/ urf;vHk;nGwfrQ BudKqdkMu
29/ pnfum;jynfhusyf y&dowf
30/ 9-&ufaeYvnf; xdkYwlyJ
31/ oyÜK&dolyedó,
yOöynmowdrydkif;
32/ tzdk;wefpmayrsm;
33/ omaX,sESifhpyf&m t*¾r[my@dwq&mawmf OD;ÓPkwå&u ar;avQmufjcif;
34/ q&mawmft½SifÓPkwå&\tar;udk r[mpnfq&mawmf ajzqdkawmfrljcif;
35/ t&d,myk*¾dKvfwdkYrSD&m w&m;tusOf;csKyf
36/ &efukefNrdKU omoemh&dyfom 1337-ck aESmif;wefck;vqef; 12-&uf a'gufwmoef;aemif rdompk ½SijfyK&[ef;cH

tvSLawmfr*Fvmü a[mawmfrlaom puf 4-yg; tEkarm'emw&m;awmf
37/ pufav;yg;o½kyf
38/ ywd½lya'o0gopufqdkwm
39/ olawmfaumif;trSD&w,fqdkwm
40/ twåor®myPd"dpufqdkwm
41/ ykaAÁp uwyknwmpufqdkwm
42/ ½SifjyKç &[ef;cHw,fqdkwm ykaAÁpuwyknwmyJ
43/ pufav;yg; aumif;usdK;qufvnfyHk
44/ ½Sif&m[kvmqdkwJh bk&m;om;awmf[m
45/ 'DaeY½SifjyK&[ef;cH[m orÜwådpuf 4-yg;eJYqdkifw,f
46/ taumif;qHk;qkawmif;
47/ a&pufcs
48/ qkawmif;
49/ trQa0
50/ r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD; qkay;ç oDvay;ç tEkarm'emw&m;awmfESifh qGr f;uyfç a&pufcspmwrf;
51/ qkay;awmfrlyHk
52/ oDvay;awmfrlyHk
53/ tvSL½Sif\ w&m;awmif;yefavQmufxm;csuf
54/ bk&m;yGifh&m acwftcg BuHKygcJbdjcif;

55/ odp&mrSef <uif;rusef {uefxdk;xGif;od
56/ 'ku©opöm qif;&Jwm rSwfygrSefw&m;
57/ Zmwd'ku© tjzpfqif;&J
58/ Z&m'ku© ttdkqif;&J
59/ Asm"d'ku© temqif;&Jponf
60/ ork',opöm qif;&JaMumif;yg rSwfygrSefw&m;
61/ eda&m"opöm qif;&JNidrf;&m rSwfygrSefw&m;
62/ r*¾opöm qif;&JNidrf;&m a&muf&musifhw&m;
63/ bk&m;yGifhwm rsm;wGufwm
64/ rMunfñdkwJh yk*¾dKvf tusdK;rrsm;bl;
65/ tif'dkeD;½Sm;oGm;wkef;u pOf;pm;Munfhrdw,f
66/ EdkifiHjcm;a&mufawmhvJ &wemoHk;yg;rarheJY
67/ bk&m;&wem
68/ w&m;&wem
69/ oHCm&wem
70/ a&pufcs
71/ qkawmif;
72/ trQa0
qynmowdrydkif;
73/ 1344-ckESpf wefaqmifrkef;vwGif jrefatmif ywåjrm;aoG;aq;ydkif½Sif OD;atmifci f-a':a<u rdom;pkwdkY\

aumif;rI ywåjrm;r[m"r®omvm"r®m½HkBuD; tEkarm'emw&m;awmf
74/ qkay;awmfrlyHk
75/ ed'gef;
76/ trsm;csrf;omzdkYEdI;aqmf&w,f
77/ o'¨gw&m; qifhqifhyGm;wJh "r®m½HkZ&yfBuD;&JY tvSL½Sifa':a<u
78/ "r®m½Hkaqmuf,if; tedpöa&mufcJhola':a<u
79/ 'umrBuD;a':a<u tedpöa&mufaomf 'umBuD;OD;atmifcifu qufvkyfw,f
80/ ½SpfveJYNyD;awmh tHhMop&myJ
81/ ukodkvf&JY tusdK;aus;Zl;BuD;aMumif; azmfjywm[m tEkarm'emyJ
82/ t½Sifom&dykwå&m&JY'gexuf jrwfpGmbk&m;&JY 'geu omNyD; tusdK;BuD;Edkifw,f
83/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u taqmufttHk'geudk csD;usL;xm;ygw,f
84/ 'D"r®m½HkBuD;udk vSL&mrSm
85/ ausmif;'g,um temxydPf&JYO'gef;
86/ r[m"r®omvmqdkwm
87/ pOf;pm;wdkif; pOf;pm;wdkif; 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om jzpf&r,f
88/ w&m;usifholç oDv½Sdol ewfjynfa&mufEdkifw,f
89/ a'oemt& ewfjynfa&mufrnfha':a<u
90/ aemufxyf&Edkifao;wJhausmif;vSL&usdK;
91/ ausmif;tvSL½Sif eE´d,ol<u,f
92/ bk&m;a[m *gxm 2-yk'f
93/ qGrf;tvSLvJygw,f
94/ ouFef;tvSLvJygw,f
95/ ausmif;tvSLudk txl;ajymzG,fawmifr½Sdbl;

96/ pufESifhydkufç a&wGif;tvSLvJygw,f
97/ aq;tvSL
98/ ypönf;av;yg;tvSL
99/ oDvESifh bm0emcsD;rGrf;zdkY
100/ ukodkvfawGtrsm;BuD;½SdwJha':a<u
101/ 'umBuD; OD;eE´d,
102/ a&pufcspum;OD;
103/ &efukefNrdKU r[mAE¨Kvvrf;ESifh 14-vrf;axmifh ywåjrm;aq;wdkuf OD;atmifcif-a':a<uwd\

Yk r[m"r®omvm
"r®m½HkZ&yfBuD; (ygVd) a&pufcspmwrf;
104/ jrefrmjyef a&pufcspmwrf;

owåynmowdrydkif;
105/ MoumoESifhpyf rSwfom;zG,faumif;aom r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ ajzMum;csuf
106/ OD;bOD;\ Moumotar;ykpämç r[mpnftajz&wem anmifueft½Sif£Eúwifjyonf
107/ r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ ajzMum;csuf
108/ wmajcmufwma½Smif&ef Mo0g'ay;
109/ 1-ur®m&mrwm
110/ 2-bóm&mrwm
111/ 3-ed'´g&mrwm
112/ 4-o*FPdum&mrwm
113/ 5-oHo*¾g&mrwm
114/ 6-yyOöm&mrwm
115/ aeaumif;ç aoaumif;

t|ynmowdrydkif;
116/ 0gusm0,00PÖemusrf; trSmpum;a&;om; csD;jr§ifhawmfrljcif;
117/ 0gusm0,00PÖemusrf; trSmpum;

{uleo|drydkif;
118/ r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;ESifh Ak'ömoemEk*¾[tzGJYcsKyf
119/ ork'´&mw&xnf r[mpnf
120/ q&maumif;ESifh 'umaumif;
121/ r[mpnfBuD;ç oHpHk[nf;ç ½dkufwD;NcdrfhnHç b0*fvQHwnfh

o|drydkif;
122/ q|o*ÐwdykpäuESifh q|o*Ðwd0dóZÆuylaZmfyGJ
123/ atmufarhzG,f &wkydk'fpHk
124/ r[mpnfausmif;awmf tkwfjrpfcspOfu &wkydk'fpHk

{uo|drydkif;
125/ omoemh&dyfomordkif;ESifh ax&*kPf&nfudkajymaeonfh aZ,sr*FvmarmfuGef;
126/ yw¬emoDoawZ*kPf&nfr[mpnf 80-ay:aw;xyf
127/ aus;Zl;awmf½Sif r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ owdy|mef½rI w

S yf mG ;rsm;yHu
k kd tusO;f csKyfrw
S o
f m;&ef aw;xyf
128/ r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;ESifh omoemhtvif;a&mifOD;azjrifh

'Ggo|drydkif;
129/ armfvNrdKifNrdKU awmif0dkif;uav;wdkufausmif;twGif; r[mpnfausmif;awmfBuD;ESifh trsdKorD;ur®|mef;ausmif;

awmfBuD; a&pufcspmwrf;
130/ ygVda&pufcspmwrf;
131/ jrefrmoufouf a&pufcspmwrf;
132/ armfvNrdKifawmif0dkif;uav;ausmif;wdkuf r[mpnfomoemh&dyfomausmif;a&pufcs xkwdr*Fvm&wkuAsm

wdo|drydkif;
133/ aombem0goausmif;a&pufcspmwrf;
134/ jrefrmbmoma&pufcspmwrf;
pwko|drydkif;
135/ 0de,ylaZmfyGJtEkarm'emMo0g'uxm>rufMum;jcif;
136/ &efukefNrdKU omoemh&dyfom t*¾r[my@dw r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD; \tEkarm'emMo0g'uxm

yOöo|drydkif;
137/ EdkifiHawmf Mo0g'gp&d,jzpfí Mo0g'uxmay;ydkYjcif;
138/ &efukefwdkif; A[ef;NrdKUe,f r[mpnfomoemh&yd o

f m Edik if aH wmfMo0g'gp&d, t*¾r[my@dw q&mawmf b'ÉÅ
aombe\ Mo0g'uxm
139/ yd#ubmomjyefpmayjzefYcsDa&;tzGJY Mo0g'gp&d,
140/ oar®m'eD,tmoDoyw¬em Mo0g'uxmay;ydkYjcif;
141/ t*¾r[my@dw r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ oar®m'eD, tmoDoyw¬emMo0g'uxm

qo|drydkif;
142/ r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;ESifh anmif&rf;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;
143/ r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;ESifh yckuúLNrdKU r[m0dZ,m&mrwdkuf tbd"Zr[m&|*k½k q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;

t½SifZ0er[max&f
144/ r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;ESifh tbd"Zr[m&|*k½k yckuúLq&mawmfbk&m;BuD; t½SifokE´&r[max&f
145/ tbd"Zr[m&|*k½k rpdk;&drfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD; t½Sifol&d,mbd0HoESifh r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;
146/ r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;tm; rsm;pGmcsD;usL;
147/ r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;ESifh awmifykvk q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;
148/ aewådygVdpmrsufESm-143
149/ aewådt|uxm pmrsufESm-252

owåowdrydkif;
150/ r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;ESifh a½TapwD q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;
151/ r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;ESifh oD&dvuFmEdkifiH q&mawmf t½SiftmeE´marawå,s
152/ r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&mBuD;ESifh t*¾r[my@dw 0dZÆmvuFm&q&mawmf t½Sif0dok'¨mbd0Ho
153/ r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;ESifh t*¾r[my@dw q&mawmf t½SifÓPkwå&
154/ t*¾r[my@dwq&mawmf t½SifÓPkwå& csD;usL;pum;
155/ aus;Zl;qyfawmfrljcif;
156/ r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;ESifh q&mawmft½SifeE´d,
157/ r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;ESifh q&mawmft½Sif 0gao|mbd0Ho
158/ q&mawmft½Sif 0gao|mbd0Ho\csD;usL;pm
159/ yckuúLNrdKU r[m0dokwm&mrwdkuf wdkuftkyfq&mawmf t½SifeE´d,rax&fxHrS csD;usL;pm

t|o|drydkif;
160/ wynfha½Tpnft½Sifukvdotm;csD;ajr§mufjcif;
161/ odrfatmifr*Fvmaxmrempmwrf;
162/ edrdwfapmifh
163/ qkawmif;ESifhtrQa0
164/ csrf;ajrU&dyfomq&mawmftm;csD;ajr§mufjcif;
165/ Mo0g'w&m;awmfcsD;jr§ifh
166/ ypönf;rodkpdwfrwdk
167/ oDvç orm"dydkif½Sif

{uleowåwdrydkif;
168/ oHCmawmfudkwifhw,faponfh yk*¾dKvfxl;
169/ r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;xH &[ef;cHcJhMuonfh EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;

owåwdrydkif;
170/ tif'dkeD;½Sm;trsdK;om; omraP ½SifZde0Hotm; OyZÑm,fjyK&[ef;cHay;awmfrljcif;
171/ tif'dkeD;½Sm; omraP&[ef;cHyGJ

{uowåwdrydkif;
172/ o'¨r®oDw*lq&mawmf r[mpnfq&mawmftm; ylaZmfjcif;
173/ rOÆLouyHkoGifax&fjrwfr[mpnft½Sif
174/ anmifueft½Sif£Eú &wkydk'fpHka&;om;ylaZmf

'Gdowåwdrydkif;
175/ aiG&wkobif Mo0g'cH,lylaZmfyGJwGif ylaZmfMujcif;
176/ usrf;pmrsm;jzefYcsDcJhjcif;
177/ aiG&wkw&m;awmfa[mMum;csD;jr§ifhawmfrljcif;
178/ ½GwfavQmufylaZmfMu
179/ 1336-ckESpf ewfawmfvqef; 9-&uf (22-12-74) aeYü usif;ytyfaom 25-ESpaf jrmuf ESpyf wfvnfaiG&wk
obif Mo0g'cH,lylaZmfyGJü zwfMum;ylaZmftyfaom r[mpnfax&ylZm*gxmrsm;
wdowåwdrydkif;
180/ oxHkNrdKU txdrf;trSwfr[mpnfausmif;awmf
181/ r[mpnfpHr,fausmif;awmfBuD;
182/ rEÅav;NrdKU &wemyHkomoemh&dyfom r[mpnfpHr,fausmif;awmfarmfuGef;

pwkowåwdrydkif;
183/ ,dk;',m; (xdkif;) EdkifiH<uí o*Fg,emwif aqG;aEG;avhvm
184/ uarÁm'D;,m;(urfyl;csm;) EdkifiHodkY<uawmfrljcif;
185/ uarÁm'D;,m;omoemydkifu vGefpGmauseyf
186/ "r®,kwådq&mawmfBuD;ESifh 2-EdkifiHomoemtaMumif; aqG;aEG;cJh
187/ r[mpnfq&mawmfygayvdkY awmfawmhw,f[kcsD;usL;
188/ tHaum0yfausmif;awmfBuD;oGm;a&mufMunfh½I
189/ AD,uferfEdkifiHodkY <uawmfrljcif;
190/ jrefrmjynfomoem uHaumif;ojzifh ay:aygufvm

yOöowåwdrydkif;
191/ oD[dkVfuRef;(oD&dvuFm) odkY yxrtBudrf<uawmfrljcif;
192/ y#dywådomoemjyefYyGm;atmif aqmif½Guf&ef wdkifyifcJh
193/ r[mpnfq&mawmf *kPfowif; EdkifiHtESHYoif;ysHYBudKifvdIifjcif;
194/ ur®|memp&d, q&mawmf 3-yg; apvTwfjcif;
195/ BudKqdkMu uefawmhMu
196/ rpöufedpHumtdrfausmif;tjzpf oDwif;oHk;w&m;jy
197/ OD;odef;[ef (bDat) \ tpD&ifcHpm
198/ ur®|mef;Xme trsm;tjym; ay:aygufjcif;
199/ uRef;xl;uRef;jrwf
200/ wifhw,fpdkysdK uRef;oD[dkVf (oD&dvuFm)
201/ oD[dkVfuRef; vlaetdrfpwifjcif;
202/ EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;odrf;ydkuf vGwfvyfa&;&
203/ oD[dkVfomoema&mif
204/ oD[dkVf (oD&dvuFm) ü xif½Sm;aom apwDykxdk;rsm;
205/ xif½Sm;aom ausmif;wdkufBuD;rsm;
206/ t|uxm #DumwdkYay:xGef;&m
207/ tb,*D&dausmif;wdkuf xGufusrf;rsm;

qowåwdrydkif;
208/ r[mpnfq&mawmf bk&m;BuD; oD[dkVfuRef;odkY 'kwd,tBudrf <uawmfrljcif;
209/ tdE´d,EdkifiH rZÑdra'o oHa0Zed,Xmeç ylZed,Xmersm; vSnfhvnfMunfh½Izl;ajrmf oHa0*,lylaZmf
210/ w&m;jyí <uawmfrlcJh
211/ umvuwåm;ü vSnfhvnfMunfh½I
212/ uvuwåm;jywdkuf Munfh½Iawmfrljcif;
213/ Ak'¨*,m<u ylaZmfzl;ajrmf oHa0*,l
214/ &mZN*dK[ft<u wpf,lZem½Spfrdkif rSwfcsufcs
215/ &mZN*dK[f ylZed,Xme toD;oD;vSnfhvnfMunfh½I
216/ emvE´mNrdKUa[mif; <ua&mufavhvm oHa0*,l
217/ Am&mPoDNrdKU rd*'g0kefawm<u zl;ajrmfoHa0*,l
218/ ukódEém½Hk &*Hkomarm tifMuifO,smOfawmodkY <uawmfrljcif;
219/ a*g&ufylNrdKUü 0dyóem w&m;a[mjcif;
220/ vkrÁdeDO,smOfjrifuGif;
221/ vkrÁdeDO,smOfbGJYaw;xyf
222/ zl;ajrmfOD;cs oHa0*,l
223/ om0w¬d NrdKUawmfa[mif;
224/ om0w¬dNrdKUawmfbGJY 3-*gxm
225/ ylaZmfzG,f oHa0*,lzG,frsm;
226/ MunfñdkoHa0* ,lawmfrljcif;
227/ e,l;a'vDNrdKUodkY <uawmfrljcif;
228/ 0efBuD;csKyf ae½l;ESifhawGYqHk 0efBuD;csKyfar;orQ ajzqdkjcif;
229/ taomu0d[m&Munfh½I acwfopfausmif; w&m;a[m
230/ tdE´d,EdkifiHawmfor®wESifh awGYqHkrdefYMum;
231/ jrefrmoH½Hk;ü w&m;a[mjcif;

232/ 'kwd,or®wBuD;yifhojzifh <ua&mufw&m;aMumif;ajym
233/ Adkyge,fqefcsD½Gm xlyg½HkapwDawmfBuD;
234/ qefcsDxlyg½Hk apwDawmfBuD; <ua&mufzl;ajrmf
235/ t*sEÅmvdkPf <ua&mufavhvm
236/ bHkabNrdKUü w&m;a[mjcif;
237/ r'&yfNrdKUü 3-&ufcefY tem;,l
238/ uOödyl&NrdKUodkY vSnfhvnfMunfh½Ijcif;
239/ r[mpnfq&mawmf uOödyl&<ujcif;
240/ pdwfcsrf;ajrhzG,f&m BuHK&ovdk taESmifht,SufESifhvnf; BuHKcJh&
241/ oD[dkVfuRef; oD&dvuFmodkYa&mufNyD;
242/ r[mpnfq&mawmf<ujcif; taMumif;&if;
243/ r[mpnfq&mawmf w&m;a[mNyD
244/ ur®|mef;Xme zGifhyGJusif;yjcif;
245/ aeYpOf 'umç 'umr 300-ausmf 400 w&m;tm;xkwfMu
246/ at;csrf;om,m uRef;vuFm
247/ ykvw¬dNrdKU
248/ q&mawmf ykvw¬dNrdKU avhvmzl;ajrmfcJh
249/ oHa0*jzpfcJh
250/ ok0PÖrmvD r[mapwD
251/ q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; r[mapwDawmfzl;ajrmf
252/ xlyg&mrapwDawmf
253/ r[mpnfq&mawmf xlyg&mrapwDawmfzl;ajrmf
254/ tb,*d&dapwD
255/ r[mpnfq&mawmf tb,*d&d apwDawmfBuD; zl;ajrmf
256/ aZw0e apwDawmf

257/ r[mpnfq&mawmf aZw0eapwDawmfzl;ajrmf
258/ vHum&mrapwD
259/ r[mpnfq&mawmf vHum&mrapwDawmfzl;ajrmf
260/ r&dp0¥dapwDawmf
261/ r[mpnfq&mawmf r&dp0¥dapwDawmfzl;ajrmf
262/ 'u©dPomcg r[maAm"dyif
263/ oD[dkVf&[ef;awmfrsm; cJ,Of;pGm apmifha½SmufcJh
264/ r[mpnfq&mawmf aAm"dyifzl;ajrmf
265/ avm[ygom' aMu;jymom'fBuD;
266/ r[mpnfq&mawmf avm[ygom'jymom'f Munfh½Iavhvm
267/ £ó&rkedapwDawmf
268/ r[mpnfq&mawmf £ó&rkedapwDawmf ½dScdk;zl;ajrmf
269/ apwD,awmif
270/ r[mpnfq&mawmf apwD,awmifay: apwDawmfrsm;zl;ajrmf
271/ t0kwåeqif;wkawmfBuD; zl;jrif
272/ 'rÁKvawmifodkY <uawmfrljcif;
273/ 'rÁKvawmif bk&m;ausmif;awmfrsm;
274/ q&mawmf 'rÁKvawmif bk&m;rsm;zl;ajrmf
275/ pwkw¬o*Fg,emwif&m tmavmuvdkPf
276/ q&mawmf tmavmuvdkPf Munfh½Izl;ajrmf
277/ uE´DNrdKU Ak'¨jrwfpG,fawmf
278/ yckuúLZmwd OD;omxufaumif;rI pG,fawmfwdkufBuD;
279/ q&mawmf pG,fawmfzl;ajrmf
280/ uE´DNrdKU jrefrmoDv½Sifausmif;ü w&m;a[mjcif;
281/ tBuD;qHk;ur®|mef;Xme uE´LaAm"ü w&m;a[mjcif;

282/ jrefrmESifh eD;pyfonfhae&m
283/ 'e0kuE´t&yfü w&m;a[mjcif;
284/ em*O,smOfawmausmif;ü w&m;a[mjcif;
285/ uk½ke*vNrdKUü w&m;a[mjcif;
286/ wdór[m&mrodkY <ua&mufawmfrlpOf 'g,um'domem,utdrfü tEkarm'em w&m;a[mjcif;
287/ rmw& (r[mw¬d) NrdKUü w&m;a[mjcif;
288/ wdór[m&mrapwD zl;ajrmfjcif;
289/ pdwåvawmif<uí apwDawmfzl;ajrmf t&d,m oHCmwdkY*kPfudkqifjcif
290/ uwå&*gr apwDzl;ajrmf
291/ orEÅuk#awmifrS bk&m;½Sifajcawmf&m tm½HkjyKMunfñdk
292/ q&mawmf tm½HkjyKMunfñdk
293/ uvsmPD apwDawmf
294/ r[mpnfq&mawmf uvsmPDapwDawmfzl;ajrmf
295/ em*'DyuRef; em*'DyapwD
296/ ao½k0g0Dv r*Fvmr[mapwD
297/ aomrm0wDapwD
298/ rkwd,*FPapwD
299/ rwd,*FPapwD
300/ 'DC0gydapwD
301/ apwDawmfrsm; Munfñdktm½HkjyK
302/ xdkxdka'owdkYü w&m;a[mjcif;
303/ AVefa*g"NrdKU<u w&m;a[mjcif;
304/ *smref"r®'lwXmeü w&m;a[mjcif;
305/ rufumoDXmeü rjyefrDtwGif; aeYpOfw&m;a[mjcif;
306/ jrefrmjynf jyef<uawmfrljcif; oD[dkVfuRef;odkY arwåmydkYqkawmif;jcif;

307/ oabFmay:yg&dok'¨d OykofjyKjcif;
308/ &efukefNrdKUodkY a&muf½Sdjcif;
309/ atmifjrifonfh omoemjyKc&D;

owåowåwdrydkif;
310/ tif'dkeD;½Sm;EdkifiH
311/ a½SY,cifu Ak'ömoem xGef;um;&mEdkifiHBuD;
312/ ok0PÖblrd tygt0ifjzpfonf[k qdkMu
313/ rlqvifEdkifiH jzpfjcif;
314/ avmuBuD; ajymif;vJyHkoHa0*,lMu
315/ r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\wynfh tif'dkeD;½Sm; omoemjyKq&mawmf t½SifZde&u©dw
316/ r[mpnfq&mawmfxH Mo0g'cH,lw&m;tm;xkwfjcif;
317/ &[ef;b0'kv’bodkYa&mufjcif;
318/ rmvm,kESifhpuFmylEdkifiHwdkYü oDwif;oHk;jcif;
319/ ax&0g'Ak'ömoemawmftaqmufttHkausmif;aygif; 20-ausmf ay:aygufNyD
320/ ½Sif&[ef;jyKvdkolrsm; ay:xGufjcif;
321/ omoemjyKvkyfief; atmifjrifjcif;
322/ 5-EdkifiHrSomoemjyKrax&frsm;yifh&efpDpOfjcif;
323/ tif'dkeD;½Sm;EdkifiHodkY Ak'ömoemjyK<uawmfrljcif;
324/ befa'gif;NrdKUü w&m;a[mç y&dwf½Gwf csD;ajr§mufjcif;
325/ qrm&rfNrdKUodkY <uawmfrljcif;
326/ odrfae&mMunfh½Ijcif;
327/ 'kwd,tBudrf ½SifjyKay;Mujcif;
328/ odrf½Sd&mausmif;wdkufMum½Snfwnf
329/ odrforkwfawmfrlMujcif;
330/ Ak'¨*,mausmif;ü a0omcyGJawmfusif;yjcif;
331/ r[mpnfq&mawmfw&m;a[mawmfrljcif;
332/ xl;jcm;aom&[ef;cHyGJ
333/ t½Sifem&' a[mMum;onfh w&m;t>ruf

334/ *sE´Drif'Gwfqif;wkawmfzl;jcif;
335/ aAma&mAk'l;apwDawmf&ifjyif a0omcylaZmfyGJ
336/ aAma&mAk'l;apwDBuD;ylaZmfMujcif;
337/ apwDBuD;ay: bm0emyGm;rsm;Mu
338/ vlOD;a& 6-aomif;cefY
339/ a0omcyGJawmfrdefYcGef;
340/ ESpfzGJYcGJí vSnfhvSnfw&m;a[mjcif;
341/ ywdNrdKUw&m;yGJ
342/ *sL0gemNrdKUw&m;yGJ
343/ &ifbef;NrdKU w&m;yGJ
344/ vmhqef;NrdKUodkYa&mufjcif;
345/ bvdk&mNrdKUodkYa&mufjcif;ç w&m;"r®a[majymjcif;
346/ pk&mb*smNrdKU<ua&mufjcif;
347/ owif;pmuGefz&ifhjyKvkyfjcif;
348/ Oygoumç Oygodumrtjzpf cH,lMujcif;
349/ AmvDuRef;odkY <uawmfrljcif;
350/ ewfuGef;awGaygonfh AmvDuRef;
351/ bef*sKt'pfNrdKUü w&m;a[m y&dwf½Gwf
352/ bef*smNrdKUü w&m;a[mjcif;
353/ 'ifyqmNrdKUü w&m;a[mjcif;ponf
354/ u&iftqefNrdKUawmfodkY a&muf½Sdaqmif½Gufjcif;
355/ bk&ifa[mif;BuD;tm; y&dwfw&m;jzifh csD;ajr§muf
356/ BuD;us,fvSonfh aAomcDewfuGef;
357/ AmvDomraP &[ef;cHay;jcif;
358/ b*FvDNrdKUw&m;yGJ
359/ oCF&mZmNrdKUü w&m;a[mjcif;
360/ o&P*Hk oDvay;jcif;ç w&m;xdkifapjcif;
361/ r"k&muRef;odkY <uawmfrljcif;
362/ ygrDuqefNrdKUü w&m;a[mjcif;
363/ r[mpnfq&mawmf pk&b,mNrdKUü w&m;a[mjcif;
364/ wdkqm&Da'oü Ak'¨bmom0if wpfoef;cGJ½Sd
365/ r[mpnfq&mawmf rmvHNrdKUü w&m;aqG;aEG;yGJ usif;y
366/ rdk*sdKum&DwdkNrdKUü w&m;a[mjcif;
367/ q&m&rfNrdKU w&m;yGJ
368/ toif;wdkufü w&m;a[mjcif;
369/ e,fvSnfhtzGJY 2-zGJYcGJí vSnfhvnfw&m;a[mjyefjcif;
370/ r[mpnfq&mawmf rkwdvefNrdKUü w&m;a[mjcif;
371/ aAma&mAk'l;apwDBuD; 'kwd,tBudrf zl;ajrmfjcif;
372/ r*vefNrdKUü w&m;a[mjcif;
373/ taomu0d[m&ü w&m;a[mjcif;
374/ wref*Hk;NrdKUü w&m;a[m aumif;&mnTef;
375/ a0gaemqdkbdk(0eaomb) NrdKUü Ak'¨"r®jzefYcsDjcif;
376/ arwåmjzifhaeEdkifvQif edAÁmef&Edkif
377/ r[mpnfq&mawmf oD;jcm;w&m;a[mjcif;
378/ idkbdkvf½Gmü w&m;a[mjcif;
379/ arwåmur®|mef;ay;jcif;
380/ ukawmtm&f*sdKNrdKUü w&m;a[mjcif;
381/ befa'gif;NrdKUü w&m;a[mjcif;
382/ t½SifZde&u©dw\ ZmwdXme <uawmfrljcif;
383/ vlaygif;rsm;pGm o&P*HkoDv wnfapjcif;ponf

384/ jrefrmjynf jyef<uawmfrljcif;
385/ udk,fcsrf;omrIudk riJhyJ omoemtwGuf tyifyef;cHjcif;

t|owåwdrydkif;
386/ wpfq,fh½SpfEdkifiH omoemjyK <uawmfrljcif;
387/ yifhavQmufMujcif;
388/ w&m;a'oem ig;yk'fjyKpD&ifawmfrljcif;
389/ t*Fvdyfbmom jyefqdkapjcif;
390/ BudKwifaqmif½Gufjcif;
391/ urÇmhomoemjyK <ucgeD;rdefYMum;onfh w&m;awmf
392/ ,dk;',m; (xdkif;) EdkifiH befaumufNrdKUodkY <uawmfr lNyD
393/ befaumufavqdyfrS BudKqdkMu
394/ cRefbl&DNrdKU<u Mo0g'ay;jcif;
395/ *syefEdkifiH
396/ ax&0g' omoema&muf½Sdjcif;
397/ *syef"r®'lb 0dZÆmv,ausmif;
398/ rdk*sD"r®'lwXme
399/ rdk*sDNrdKUü urÇmat;apwDwnfjcif;
400/ usdKwdk (,m0w) "r®'lwXme
401/ *syefjynf<ua&muf&ef vufcHjcif;
402/ edoZf"lwifaqmufwnfç xdkifvsuf oDwif;oHk;jcif;
403/ *syefjynfodkYa&mufavNyD
404/ rdk*sDNrdKUa&mufjcif;ç oHCm&mrü Mo0g'ay; w&m;a[mjcif;
405/ wdkusdKjrefrmoH½Hk;ü qGrf;tEkarm'em w&m;a[mjcif;
406/ urmuk½k qif;wkawmfBuD;
407/ ordkif;tusOf;
408/ urmuk& qif;wkawmfBuD; zl;jrifjcif;
409/ tar&duefjynfaxmifpk [dkEdkvlvlodkY <uawmfrljcif;

410/ [m0dkif,DuRef; [dkEdkvlvlwGif 0dyóemrsdK;aphcs
411/ 0dyóemtm;xkwfyHk taMumif;ESifh tm;xkwfyHk a[mMum;jcif;
412/ [dkEdkvlvlü tyltat;rQwjcif;
413/ wdAufausmif;<u bk&m;tqHk;trrdefYMum;
414/ psifw&m;Xme<u 0dyóemw&m;a[m
415/ qGrf;tEkarm'em w&m;a[mjcif;
416/ w&m;tm;xkwfapjcif;
417/ ½Spfyg;oDvay; csrf;oma&;w&m;a[m
418/ [dkEdkvlvl½Sd jrefrmwdkYqGrf;'gejyK
419/ avmhpftdef*s,fvfvdpfodkYc&D;qufjcif;
420/ umvDzdk;eD;,m;jynfe,fü omoemjyKjcif;
421/ owdy|mefw&m; a[mMum;awmfrljcif;
422/ ,yfumAJvDodkY <uawmfrljcif;
423/ o&P*Hk oDvay; w&m;a[mjcif;
424/ jyóemt&yft&yf ajzqdkjcif;
425/ a'gufwmvSwifaiGtm; &[ef;cHay;jcif;
426/ tjrwfqHk;w&m;awmfudk a[mMum;jcif;
427/ wpfaeYvHk;w&m;jzifh csD;ajr§muf
428/ owdy|mefw&m;awmf yxrydkif; a[mMum;awmfrljcif;
429/ owdy|mefw&m;awmf 'kwd,ydkif; qufvufa[mjcif;
430/ Mo0g'ay;ç tEkarm'emw&m;a[mjcif;
431/ obm0½Icif;rsm; ½Ipm;jcif;ç ykpämrsm; ajzqdkjcif;
432/ bk&m;jrwfpGm usifh0wfudkjyojcif;
433/ ,yfumAJvDü 7-&ufpcef; vufpowfjcif;
434/ qefz&efppöudkü omoemjyKawmfrljcif;

435/ yef;cif;BudKqdkMu
436/ EIwfcGef;qufw&m;a[m y&dwf½Gwf csD;ajr§mufjcif;
437/ xl;jcm;aom y&dowf
438/ om,m½IarmzG,f NrdKUawmf
439/ owdy|mefw&m;a[mjcif;ç a,m*Drsm; w&m;xdkifapjcif;
440/ 0g½Sifwefü omoemjyKawmfrljcif;
441/ BudKwiftpDtpOf jyKvkyfcJhMu
442/ ESpfzGJYcGJí wnf;cdkawmfrlMujcif;
443/ tar&duef toHvTifhXmerS tBudrfBudrftoHvTifh aMunmay;jcif;
444/ w&m;OD;owdy|mef
445/ w&m;a[mç w&m;tm;xkwfapjcif;
446/ OD;pD;odrforkwfawmfrljcif;
447/ &[ef;cH ½SifjyKay;jcif;
448/ udk,fwdkifa[majymç wynfhrsm;udkvnf; a[majymapjcif;
449/ auseyftm;&aMumif; rdefYMum;jcif;
450/ uarÁm'D;,m;ausmif;ü y&dwf½Gwf w&m;a[mjcif;
451/ tmumojywdkuf ponf vSnfhvnfMunfh½Ijcif;
452/ rufqmcsL;qufjynfe,f bm&Dur®|mef;Xme 14-&ufpcef;
453/ pdwf"mwfMunfaysmf arGYavsmfzG,faumif;onfh bm&Dur®|mef;Xme
454/ tppt&m&m uHkvHkjynfh0jcif;
455/ ar;cGef;rsm;ajzMum;jcif;
456/ ½Spfjzmr*¾if edAÁmef0if w&m;awmfa[mMum;jcif;
457/ tar&duef 4-OD;ESifh tDwvD wOD;tm; Mo0g'ay;jcif;
458/ bm&D&dyfomtzGJY Ouú|tm; csD;ajr§mufjcif;
459/ ur®|mef;tm;xkwf&jcif;\ taMumif;&if;udk tusOf;a[mawmfrljcif;

460/ tajccHw&m; a[mMum;awmfrljcif;
461/ tEkarm'emw&m;a[mç jyóemajz
462/ bm&D&dyfomteD; bk&if*sDausmif;<ujcif;
463/ oDv½SifjyKay;jcif;ç omraP0wfay;jcif;ç jyóemajzjcif;
464/ aq;ppftem;,l
465/ owdy|mefw&m;a[m jyóemajz
466/ owdy|mefw&m;awmf tNyD;owfa[mjcif;
467/ abmhpwGefNrdKU urÇmYbmompHk oifMum;&mXmeü w&m;a[m
468/ [m;Awfwuúodkvfü owdy|mefw&m;a[mjcif;
469/ uqkwfvjynfhAk'äeY w&m;a[mMuç OykofjyKMu
470/ csrf;oma&;w&m; qufvufa[mjcif;
471/ 'ge½Sifrsm;tm; tEkarm'emw&m;a[mjcif; y&dwf½Gwfjcif;
472/ r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;xH Mo0g'cH,lMujcif;
473/ w&m;a[m ar;cGef;rsm;ajz
474/ r[mpnfur®|mef;q&mtjzpf todtrSwfjyK vufrSwfcsD;jr§ifhjcif;
475/ bm&Dur®|mef;Xmeü jyKzG,fudpöt00vufpowfjcif;
476/ e,l;a,mufwGif omoemjyKawmfrljcif;
477/ w&m;pum; rdefYMum;
478/ qGrf;tEkarm'em a[mMum;jcif;ç ar;cGef;rsm; ajzMum;jcif;
479/ tjynfjynfqdkif&m psifXmeü w&m;a[mjcif;
480/ udkvHbD,mwuúodkvfü w&m;a[mjcif;
481/ ukvor*¾oH½Hk;tzGJYom;rsm;\qGrf;udk bkOf;ay;jcif;
482/ tEkarm'emw&m;a[mç jyóemajzqdkjcif;
483/ w½kwfoDv½Sifausmif; owdy|meftusOf;csKyf a[mjcif;
484/ tar&duefomoemjyKc&D; tNyD;owfjcif;

{ulemoDwdrydkif;
485/ *&dwfNAdwdef (,lEdkufwufuif;'ef;)
486/ *&dwfNAdwdef (t*Fvef) odkY<uawmfrljcif;
487/ oHCmawmfrsm;ç vlyk*¾dKvfrsm;pGmwdkYu BudKqdkMujcif;
488/ ,dk;',m;ausmif;ü oDwif;oHk;ç w&m;a'oemjzefYcsDjcif;
489/ qGrf;tEkarm'ema'oemcsD;jr§ifhç y&dwf½GwfcsD;jr§ifh
490/ paumhwvefodkY <ua&mufawmfrljcif;
491/ paumhwvefwdAufwefqajrvif;ü 6-&ufpcef;zGifh o&P*HkoDvwdkYü wnfapjcif;
492/ oDv½Sif0wfay;jcif;ç owdy|mefw&m;a[mjcif;
493/ omraP0wfay;ç &[ef;cHay;jcif;ç w&m;a[mjcif;
494/ tEkjrLvufeuf uefYuGufqE´jyacgif;aqmif*syefbkef;BuD;ESifh yk*¾dKvf 13-OD; q&mawmfBu;D tm; uefawmhjcif;
495/ uefawmhcHjcif;ç jyóemt&yf&yfajzqdkjcif;
496/ t*FvdyfvlrsdK; a,m*Drsm;tm; csD;ajr§mufjcif;ç owdy|mefw&m;a[mjcif;
497/ xl;qef;aom&moDOwk
498/ t*Fvdyfa,m*Drsm;\tar;udkajzç owdy|mefa[m
499/ w&m;pcef;odrf;yGJNyD;pD;jcif;
500/ bmrif*ef(rf)NrdKUawmfcef;rü owdy|mefw&m;a[mjcif;
501/ vef'efjyefa&muf Oa&myc&D;pOfrsm;aqG;aEG;jcif;

toDwdrydkif;
502/ jyifopf (French) EdkifiH
503/ jyifopfEdkifiHomoemjyK<ujcif;ç wlEGefNrdKUa&muf½Sdjcif;
504/ jyifopftrsdK;om; 13-OD; zdk;olawmf0wfay;jcif;
505/ qGrf;cH<uawmfrljcif;
506/ t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh tvkyfay;w&m;awmf a[mMum;jcif;
507/ om,mqdwfNidrfonfhausmif;
508/ vmtdkAD,uferftrsdK;om; 80-cefYvma&mufvSL'gef;Mu
509/ csrf;oma&;w&m;a[mMum;jcif;
510/ qGpfZmvef (Switzerland) EdkifiH
511/ qGpfZmvefodkY<uawmfrljcif;
512/ [dkw,fi,fwpfckü oDwif;oHk;omoemjyK
513/ a,m*Daygif; 30-w&m;tm;xkwfMu
514/ w&m;xdkifç w&m;ppfç q&mawmfBuD;owdy|mefa[mjcif;
515/ w&m;xdkifç w&m;a[mç w&m;ppf q&mawmfBuD; owdy|mefa[mjcif;
516/ bk&m;jrwfpGm uk½kwdkif;om;wdkYtm; a[mawmfrlonfhenf;wl a[mawmfrljcif;
517/ wdAufbkef;BuD;ESifh Ak'ömoemjyefYyGm;a&;aqG;aEG;
518/ csrf;oma&;w&m;a[mMum;ç ar;cGef;rsm;ajzqdkjcif;
519/ 'DuifNrdKUw&m;jyjcif;ç w&m;a[mjcif;ponf
520/ pifwDawmifxdyf <uawmfrljcif;
521/ Zl;&pfwuúodkvfü owdy|mefw&m;a[mjcif;
522/ tDwvDor®wEdkifiH
523/ tDwvD (Italy) EdkifiHodkY<uawmfrljcif;
524/ owdy|mefyxrydkif; a[mawmfrljcif;
525/ o&P*Hk ig;yg;oDvay;ç owdy|mef 'kwd,ydkif; a[mjcif;

526/ csrf;oma&;w&m;a[mawmfrljcif;
527/ t*FvefaemufwpfBudrfxyfrHomoemjyKjcif;
528/ aemufwpfBudrfvef'efü aqmif½GufcsuftrsdK;rsdK;
529/ a[mfvefEdkifiH
530/ a[mfvefEdkifiHodkY omoemjyK<uawmfrljcif;
531/ tvkyfay;w&m;tESpfom&a[mMum;jcif;ponf
532/ jywdkufMunfh½Ijcif;ç owdy|mefw&m;a[mjcif;ponf
533/ taemuf*smrPDEdkifiH
534/ *smrPDEdkifiHodkY <uawmfrljcif;
535/ o&P*Hk oDvay;jcif;ç w&m;a[mjcif;ç ykpämrsm;ajzjcif;
536/ a[mfvefjynf wD;'dk;pcef;odkY <uawmfrljcif;
537/ wD;'dk; (Tidorp) pcef;omoemjyKrSwfwrf; tusOf;csKyf
538/ a[mfvefrSwzefjyifopfodkY<uawmfrljcif;
539/ yg&DwGif vkyfaqmifcsuftrsdK;rsdK;
540/ yg&DrS vef'efodkY

{umoDwdrydkif;
541/ befaumufjyef omoemjzefYcsDawmfrljcif;
542/ cRefbl&Da&mufNyD
543/ w&m;"r®rdefY[a[m>rufawmfrljcif;
544/ befaumufNrdKU0yfr[mxyfausmif;wdkufü owdy|mefw&m;a[mjcif;
545/ r[mrukwfoHCwuúodkvfü owdy|mefw&m;a[mjcif;
546/ vrf;yef;<u 0yfwrtdkausmif;ü w&m;a[mjcif;
547/ vrf;yef;0yfpDcRefausmif;ü owdy|mefw&m;a[mjcif;
548/ Zif;r,f0yfarmif;rif;ausmif;a,m*Drsm; o&P*HkoDvay;
549/ 0yfwaygwm&mrü owdy|mefw&m;a[mjcif;
550/ 0yfzqifausmif;ü nDnGwfa&;w&m;a[mjcif;
551/ jroydwfawmifausmif;ü owdy|mefw&m;a[mjcif;
552/ 0yfzmxausmif;ü owdy|mefw&m;a[mjcif;
553/ z&Ak'ÿwzausmif;wdkufü Ak'ömoemw&m;awmfa[mjcif;
554/ Zif;r,fyPÖmoa&;&mausmif;a&mufjcif;
555/ befaumufodkYjyef<ujcif;
556/ &[ef;ç ½Sifç vl 1500-cefYtm; owdy|mefw&m; a[mjcif;
557/ cRefbl&D0da0utpkrfü oDvay;w&m;a[mjcif;
558/ csrf;oma&;w&m;a[mtNyD; yifv,furf;ajc tyef;ajz<u
559/ &efukefjyef<uawmfrljcif;
560/ &efukefomoemh&dyfomodkY a&muf½Sdawmfrljcif;
561/ 8-yg;oDvay;ç EIwfcGef;quf Mo0g'>rufMum;jcif;
562/ q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ EIwfcGef;qufMo0g'rdefYcGef;
563/ xdkif;ç jyifopfç t*Fvefç oD&dvuFmç puFmyl 5-EdkifiH omoemjyKc&D;<ujyefjcif;

'GgoDwdrydkif;
564/ eDaygEdkifiH
565/ owdy|mefw&m;a[majymMujcif;
566/ tBudrfBudrfyifhavQmufMujcif;
567/ Ak'ömoemEk*¾[tzGJYcsKyftm; wm0efay;jcif;
568/ w&m;awmfrsm;BudKwifpDpOfjcif;
569/ r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ omoemjyKtzGJY
570/ r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD; eDaygEdkifiHodkY <uawmfrlNyD
571/ eDaygEdkifiH cwårE´KavqdyfodkYa&muf½Sdjcif;
572/ av,mOfuGif;jynfhrQBudKqdkMu
573/ cwårE´KESifh teD;tem;wpf0dkuf omoemjyKvkyfief;rsm; aqmif½Gufjcif;
574/ vkrÁdeDO,smOf<u 9-&ufpcef;zGifh&efppD Of
575/ o,rÇLapwDawmfzl;ajrmfjcif;ç w&m;a[mawmfrljcif;
576/ jrefrmoHtrwfBuD;tm;csD;ajr§mufjcif;
577/ "r®udwåd0d[m&üw&m;a[mjcif;
578/ t½Sifokr*Fvausmif; owdy|mefw&m;a[mjcif;
579/ Aaeyg;½Gmur®|mef;ausmif;wdkufü w&m;a[mjcif;
580/ t½SifokaAm"meEáusmif;<u w&m;a[mjcif;
581/ cwårE´KNrdKUaemufqHk;w&m;yGJ
582/ vkrÁdeDO,smOf<uç ydkc&mNrdKU[dkw,fü wpfnwm oDwif;oHk;awmfrljcif;
583/ ydkc&müw&m;a[mawmfrljcif;
584/ vkrÁdeDO,smOfodkYa&mufNyD
585/ 0dyóemw&m;a[mjcif;ESifhw&m;xdkifapjcif;
586/ OyorÜ'uHaqmif½GufcsD;ajr§mufjcif;
587/ uydv0wfNrdKUawmfa[mif;odkY<ua&mufMunfh½I oHa0*,l

588/ w&m;ppfç w&m;a[mrIqufvufjyK
589/ wefqif;NrdKUü w&m;a[mjcif;
590/ w&m;pcef;odrf;tcrf;tem; Mo0g'ay;jcif;
591/ eDaygEdkifiHrS tdE´d,EdkifiHodkY
592/ tdE´d,EdkifiHü vSnfhvnfylaZmfoHa0*,ljcif;
593/ 0rf;ajrmuf½TifysBudKqdkMujcif;
wd,moDwrydkif;
594/ arG;csif;tm;vHk;ESifh r,fawmfç crnf;awmf uG,fvGefMujcif;
595/ Z&mç Asm"dç r&PwdkYrS vGwfatmifusifhMuyg
596/ oHa0*jzpfjcif;
597/ rdcifa':tkyfuG,fvGefí oHa0*jzpfcJh&
598/ zcifBuD;OD;uHay:uG,fvGefoN*ØK[f r&Powd½Iqifjcif
599/ ½Iqifjcifprf;yg
600/ rdbarG;csif;wdkYxuf touf½Snf
601/ aus;Zl;½Sifr[mpnf q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; xm0pOf½Sdcdk;awmfrlavh½Sdaom bk&m;½Sdcdk;rsm;
602/ aeYpOfvkyfief;awmf
603/ tBudrfrsm;pGm bk&m;½Sdcdk;
604/ r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;½Sdcdk;ylaZmfonfh bk&m;*kPfawmf 9-yg;½Sdcdk;tusOf;
605/ r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;½Sdcdk;ylaZmfonfh *kPfawmf 9-yg;bk&m;½Sdcdk;tus,f
606/ 1-t&[H*kPfawmf 5-yk'f
607/ 2-or®morÁK'¨*kPfawmf 2-yk'f
608/ 3-0dZÆmp&PorÜEé*kPfawmf 3-yk'f
609/ 4-ok*w*kPfawmf 4-yk'f
610/ 5-avmu0d'l*kPfawmf 2-yk'f
611/ 6-tEkwå&*kPfawmf 1-yk'f
612/ 7-yk&do'r®om&xd*kPfawmf 1-yk'f
613/6-(6-7) tEkwåa&myk&do'r®om&xd*kPfawmf 1-yk'f
614/ 7-(8) ow¬ma'0rEkómeH*kPfawmf 2-yk'f
615/ 8-(9) Ak'¨*kPfawmf 5-yk'f
616/ 9-(10) b*0g*kPfawmf 9-yk'f
617/ r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD; ½Sdcdk;ylaZmfonfh w&m;*kPfawmf 6-yg;½Sdcdk;

618/ r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD; ½Sdcdk;ylaZmfonfh oHC*kPfawmf 9-yg;½Sdcdk;
619/ r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD; ½Sdcdk;onfh ÓPfpOf 16-yg;bk&m;½Sdcdk;
620/ r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD; ½Sdcdk;ylaZmfonfh y#dywådylZemum&bk&m;½Sdcdk;
pwk&moDwdrydkif;
621/ Z&m'PfcH&NyD
622/ o&ufjzLyifBuD;vJus twdwfedrdwfjy
623/ 1344-ckESpf 'kwd,0gqdkvjynfhaeY
624/ 0gqdkvjynfhausmf 1-&ufaeY
625/ 'kwd,0gqdkvjynfhausmf 2-&ufaeY
628/ a½Twd*HkapwDawmfBuD;<u aemufqHk;zl;ajrmfylaZmf
629/ a½Twd*HkapwDawmfBuD; vusfm&pfvSnfhvnfylaZmf
635/ rif;uGef;wdyd#uedum,omoemjyKtzGJY yxroHk;ESpfc&D;pmtkyfzwfjy
636/ 'DtjzpfrsdK;wcgrSrjzpfzl;
637/ txufaoG; 230ç atmufaoG; 130-½Sd
638/ aq;½HkBuD;txl;cef;wifprf;oyf
639/ 'kwd,0gqdkvjynfhausmf 10-&uf
640/ "r®mEk"r®y#dywfjzifh ylaZmfMuNyD

yOömoDwdrydkif;
641/ pkwdur®Z½kyfcsKyfawmfrlNyD
642/ oHa0*,l&ef
643/ oHa0*,l&ef
644/ wm0eftoD;oD;cGJa0aqmif½GufMujcif;
645/ 7-&ufxm;oN*ØK[f&efqHk;jzwfjcif;
646/ jynfwGif;ç jynfyodkY owif;ydkYjcif;
647/ jrefrmhtoHrS aMunmjcif;
648/ bDbDpD ponfrS aMunmjcif;
649/ jrefrmç t*Fvdyf owif;pmrsm;rSaMunmjcif;
650/ aus;Zl;awmf½Sifr[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD; ysHvGefawmfrljcif;
651/ r[mpnfq&mawmf\ax½kyÜwåd
qmoDwdrydkif;
652/ psmyetpDtpOfaMunmjcif;
653/ aus;Zl;awmf½Sifr[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ tEÅdrt*¾dpsmyeylaZmfyGJtpDtpOf
654/ arwåm&yfcHcsuf

owåmoDwdrydkif;
656/ ½kyfuvmyfawmf ywf0ef;usifwpfckvHk; yef;tdk;ç yef;zvm;awG wif;Murf;jynfhae
660/ q&mawmft½Sif0dpdwåom&mbd0Hoponf q&mawmfBuD;rsm;<uvmylaZmfjcif;
661/ y&dowfrsm;vGef;vS
662/ aqmifyk'frsm;ESifh Mo0g'rsm;ay:xGufvm
663/ aqmifyk'frsm;
664/ r[mpnfMo0g'awmf
t|moDwdrydkif;
665/ wynfh&[ef;awmfawG "r®ylZmjzifh ylaZmfMujcif;
666/ 'kwd,0gqdkvuG,faeY
667/ cufcufcJcJ y&dowfxdef;odrf;&
668/ te,fe,f tpdkYpdkY tNrdKUNrdKUt½Gm½Gm &dyfomrsm;ylaZmfMu
669/ pm½Gufpmwrf;rsm;jzifh ½dkufESdyf½GwfzwfylaZmfMujcif;
670/ urÇmhomoemjyK aus;Zl;awmf½Sifr[mpnf q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ b0jzpfawmfpOf tusOf;csKyf
671/ tar&duefwGif w&m;a[mjyocJhaom ae&mrsm;
672/ &efukefNrdKU r[mpnfomoemh&dyfom y"mer[mem,u t*¾r[my@dwç q|o*Ðwdykpämuç EdkifiHawmf oHC

r[mem,utzGJUMo0g'gp&d,jzpfawmfrlaom oufawmf 78? 0gawmf 58-0g& aus;Zl;awmf½iS b
f 'ÉaÅ ombe
r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ tEÅdrpsmyewGif t½Sif0da0umeE´ (anmifav;yif) omoeaZmwdygv
ausmif; (tv,fwdkuf) yckuúLNrdKUrS zGJYqdkylaZmftyfaom oHa0*"r®vuFm
673/ t½SifZ#dvylaZmfjcif;
674/ &efukefNrdKU omoemh&dyfom t*¾r[my@dwç q|o*Ðwdykpäuç EdkifiHawmfMo0g'gp&d,ç urÇmhomoemjyK

aus;Zl;awmf½Sif r[mpnfq&mawmf bk&m;BuD;\ tEÅdrt*¾dpsmye om"kuDVeylaZmfyGJwGif wynfh t½SifZ#dv
ur®|mep&d, ygVdyg&*l a&;om;ylaZmftyfaom *kPfjyKaxmrem&wkydk'fpHk
675/ r[mpnf "r®uxdutzGJYu ylaZmfjcif;
676/ w&m;tarGcHç avmutarGcH,lyHkESifh EdIif;,SOfjycsuf
677/ aqmifyk'f
678/ t½Sifuk@vmbd0HoylaZmfjcif;
679/ ewfarmuft½Sifokpdwåom&ylaZmfjcif;
{ulee0kwdrydkif;
680/ 0gacgifvqef; 1-&uf aemufqHk;aeY
681/ a&pufcsyGJusif;yjcif;
682/ 1266-ck? 0gqdkvqkwf 3-&uf aomMumaeY eHeuf 3-em&DwGif ppfudkif;wdkif; a½TbdkjrdKUe,f qdycf eG ½f mG ü zGm;jrif
awmfrlí 1344-ck? 'kwd, 0gqdkvqkwf 10-&uf paeaeY rGef;vGJ 1;36-em&DwiG f ysv H eG af wfral om q|o*Ð
wdypk u
ä ç t*¾r[my@dwç Edik if aH wmfMo0g'gp&d,ç urÇmo
Y moemjyK aus;Zl;½Sirf [mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;\
tEÅdrt*¾dpsmye om"kuDVetcgawmfü jynfaxmifpkqdk½S,fvpfor®w jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m r[mpnfe,f
vSnfh"r®uxdu tzGJYcsKyf\ oHa0Zed,uxmavQmufxm;vTmygbk&m;
683/ oHa0**gxm ygVdteuf
684/ &[ef;yk*¾dKvfç vlyk*¾dKvfwdkYylaZmfMujcif;
685/ acgif;oGif;ç acgif;ydwfjcif;
686/ xD;jzLrdk; yef;armfawmf,mOfjzifh yifhwifNyD

e0kwdrydkif;
687/ tedrfhtjrifh csifhcsdefwdkif;wmpDpOfMu
688/ BuHawmokomefü pifawmftxl;pDrHjcif;
689/ pepfwusjyKpDrHjcif;
690/ tm;vHk;tqifoifhaqmif½GufMujcif;
691/ 'kwd,0efBuD;ç &efukefwdkif;aumifpDOuú|ç nTefcsKyf toifha&muf½Sdjcif;
692/ tcsdefZ,m;udkufxm;cJhMu
693/ y&dowfrBuKHpzl;rsm;vGef;vS
694/ ½kyfuvmyf,mOfpufrEdI;&yJESifh BuHawmokomefa&muf
695/ tvTmrsdK;pHk vlAdkvfyHk
696/ jrefrmordkif;0,f þrQrsm;jym;onfhy&dowf½Sdonfh psmyer½Sd[kqdkMu
697/ BuHawmokomefü y&dowfBuD;tm; arwåm&yfcH&
698/ tavmif;awmf rD;oN*ØK[fylaZmfMuNyD
699/ apmifhMuyfylaZmfMu
700/ t½dk;awmfrsm;r[mpnfausmif;awmfü yifhaqmiftylaZmfcH
701/ te,fe,ftpdkYpdkY tjrKdUjrKdUt½Gm½Gm½Sd &dyfomcGJrsm;u yifhaqmifylaZmfMu
702/ oHa0*yGm;rsm;&ef
703/ qufvufoHa0*yGm;rsm;&ef
{ue0kwdrydkif;
704/ oHa0*yGm;rsm;qifjcif&ef yxroHa0*q,f*gxmygXfedó,ESifh oHa0*vuFmç oHa0*yGm;rsm;&ef

'Gge0kwdrydkif;
705/ 'kwd,oHa0*q,f*gxmygXfedó,ESifh oHa0*vuFm wenf;oHa0*yGm;rsm;&ef

wde0kwdrydkif;
706/ wwd,oHa0*q,f*gxmygXfedó,ESifh oHa0*vuFm wenf;oHa0*yGm;rsm;&ef

pwke0kwdrydkif;
707/ pwkw¬oHa0* q,f*gxm yg|fedó,ESifh oHa0*vuFmç wenf;oHa0*yGm;rsm;&ef

yOöe0kwdrydkif;
708/ yOöroHa0*q,f*gxmyg|fedó,ESifh oHa0*vuFm wenf;oHa0*yGm;rsm;&ef

qEé0kwdrydkif;
709/ q|oHa0*q,f*gxmygXfedó,ESifhoHa0*vuFmwenf;oHa0*yGm;rsm;&ef
owåe0kwdrydkif;
710/ owåroHa0*q,f*gxmygXfedó,ESifh oHa0*vuFmwenf;oHa0*yGm;rsm;&ef

t|e0kwdrydkif;
711/ t|roHa0*q,f*gxmygXfedó,ESifh oHa0*vuFmwenf;oHa0*yGm;rsm;&ef

{uleowdrydkif;
712/ e0roHa0*q,f*gxmygXfedó,ESifh oHa0*vuFmwenf;oHa0*yGm;rsm;&ef

owdrydkif;
713/ 'oroHa0*q,f*gxmygXfteufESifh oHa0*vuFmwenf;oHa0*yGm;rsm;&ef
714/ r[mpnfax&ikwåEÅ0dvmodeDusrf;BuD;tNyD;owfjcif;
715/ r[mpnfax&0kwåEÅ0dvmodeD ed*Hk;

r[mpnfax&0kwåEÅ0dvmodeD 1
Oa,smZOf
1348-ck e,kev f jynfah usmf 3-&ufaeYu r[mpnfomoemh&yd o f modYk rdro d '¨ro ® wD *lq&mawmf t½Sif
tmpduP © a&mufomG ;NyD; rdrd tm;cGpJ w d uf o k xm;aom OD;aESmufa&m*ga0'emtwGuf tEk*[ ¾ tzGYJ rS ac:,lay;aom
yg&*lq&m0efBuD;rsm;\ ppfaq;jcif;trsdK;rsdK;wdYk c&H NyD; ¤if;wdYk ay;aom aq;0g;rsm;udk oH;k aqmifr0DS aJ e&ojzifh e,kef
vqkwf 8- &ufaeYwiG f zvf,Of"r®m½Hük w&m;"r®a[mMum;awmfr&l ef Ak'o ¨ moemEk* [ ¾ tzGYJ rS avQmufxm;csufukd
aq;ppfcaH e&qJjzpfí vufrcHEikd yf J ek,ek v f uG,af eYavmufwiG rf S a[mMum;&efvufcv H u kd Nf yD; q&m0efrsm;ay;aom
aq;0g;"mwfpmrsm;udk tcsed rf eS rf eS o f ;kH aqmifr0DS &J ojzifh rdrd \vuf0b J ufwpfjcrf;rS usifí usifí wufvmaom
a&m*ga0'emrsm; oufomcGi&hf N yD; wm0ef,x l m;aom e,kev f uG,af eYwiG f 1-em&Dct JG csderf pS í 3-em&DcJG tcsdew f ikd f
atmif zvf,Of"r®m½Hw k &m;yv’iw f iG f xdik í f w&m;a[mMum;aomfvnf; w&m;yGt J NyD;wGif rdrd \a&m*ga0'emrsm;
wd;k yGm;vmjcif;r½Sd yuwd aumif;rGepf mG ESiyhf if w&m;yv’irf S aumif;pGmxí vmEdik cf ahJ vonf? xdw k &m;yGw
J iG f Ak'¨
omoemEk*[ ¾ tzGYJ BuD;rS ½du
k Ef ydS af 0iSv'ª gef;aom yx0DZ, rEÅeaf wmf*gxmudk r[myx0DajrBuD;udk r,fawmfBuD;
ozG,x f m;í aus;Zl;qyfw&m;awmfBuD;udk ESpef m&DMumrQxikd u f m a[mMum;Edik cf ohJ jzifh bma0'emrQ rjzpfay:vm
onft h wGuf &wemjrwfo;kH yg;ESif w h uG aus;Zl;awmf½iS f r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD; \ teEÅaus;Zl;*kPw f Ykd ukd
tm½Hûk yum teEÅaus;Zl;½Sif q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;tm; &nfp;l um OD;nGwrf yd gawmhonf/
1348-ckEpS f 0gqdv k qef; 1- &ufaeYwiG f Ak'o ¨ moemEk*[ ¾ tzGYJ Ouú|BuD; OD;yGiahf umif;ESihf twGi;f a&;rª;
OD;wdu k pf ;kd wdYk u rdrd \use;f rma&;rsm;udk ar;jref;avQmufxm;MuNyD; yckuLú ûrdY r[m0dow k m&mrwdu k f "r®mp&d,
*P0gpu bDat t½Siaf uvmo a&;om;aom r[mpnf ax&0kwEå 0Å v d modeD yxrwGpJ mtkyBf uD;udk vª'gef;um
'kw, d wGu J kd qufvuf½u kd Ef ydS rf nfjzpfí r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;tm; OD;p mG awGYqq kH nf;uyfcMhJ u&aom q&m
awmfb&k m;wdYk \ tawGYtêuHEiS w hf uG ed'gef;a&;omcsD;ajr§mufyg&ef avQmufxm;Muojzifh xdpk mtkyBf uD;udk tprSpí
ed*;kH wdik af tmif Munf½h &I m tvGeaf umif;jrwf aphpyfaocsmaom ta&;tom;rsm;ESihf jynfph akH eonfukd awGY&ojzifh
r[mpnfü rdru d ,
kd f wdik f awGYêuHMunfñckd &hJ aom tawGYtêuHrsm;udk use;f rma&;cRw, f iG ;f aeaom tMum;rS êud;pm;
tcsde, f u l m a&;om;vdu k &f ygonf/
r[mpnfESifho'¨r®oDw*l
vGecf ahJ om 1310 -ckEpS f ewfawmfvjynfah eYavmufrS tpûyí aus;Zl;awmf½iS f r[mpnf q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;
tm; Ak'o ¨ moemEk*[ ¾ tzGYJ csKyfOuú|BuD; qmOD;oGiEf iS hf OD;EkwYkdu yifah qmifcMhJ uojzifh r[mpnf omoemh&yd o f m
pHausmif;awmftwGi;f ü oDwif;oH;k um q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf rdru d ,
kd af wGY 0dyóemw&m;awmfrsm;udk wynfh
a,m*Dtaygif;wdYk tm; a[mMum;nGejf yqH;k rawmfral eaom owif;udk owif;pmrsm;ESiw hf uG rdrw d Ykdyo
k rd rf S oGm;a&muf
usiBhf uHtm;xkwMf uaom a,m*Drsm; \ tawGYtêuHrsm;udk vma&mufavQmufxm;Muí Mum;odae&onfh twGurf rd d
rSm q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;tm; rzl;rawGY&jim;aomfvnf; Mum;umrQjzifyh if q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ESiw hf uG jyoawmfral e
aom w&m;awmfü Munfño kd '¨gpdwaf wG jzpfymG ;ae Muygonf/
xdt
k csdet
f cgu 0dyóemw&m;jy yk*Kd¾ vfawGvnf; rsm;pGmay:xGe;f aeaom tcsdet f cgjzpfayonf? odYk &mwGif
rdro
d '¨gw&m;wdYk u tjcm;odYk roGm;MuyJ q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ESihf nTejf yaeaom 0dyóemw&m;üom pdw"f mwfawG
nGwaf eMuygonf? xdt k csdeu
f xdo k '¨gw&m;aMumifh qd&k rnfvm;rod nOft h csdet f yd af ysmfaepOf twGi;f rSmyif
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; <uawmfrv l mNyD; rdrt d m; w&m;"r®a[mnTejf y aeonfuykd if jrifrufaeygonf? odYk &mwGif rdrrd mS
o'¨ro® wD *lausmif;wdu
k Bf uD; wm0efEiS w hf uG wynfwh yef; &[ef;omraPwdYk t m; y&d,wåpd mayrsm;udk oifMum;ydYk cs
ae&í q&mawmfb&k m;xHoYkd ud, k wf ikd u
f m; ra&muf Edik cf yhJ g/
1313-ckEpS f e,kevf twGi;f u jzpfygonf? xdt k csed uf rdrrd mS "r®mp&d,pmar;yGüJ ajzqd&k ef okwyf gax,s
usr;f wpfusr;f useaf eonft
h wGuf ajzqd&k ef &efuek ûf rdYoYkd<ua &mufNyD; pmar;yGaJ jzqdt k NyD;wGif rdrq
d Eápmaeaom
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;tm;zl;ajrmf&ef r[mpnf&yd o f modYk Adv k of rd ;f aqGu vduk vf yH Ykdaqmifojzifh a&mufc&hJ ygonf?
r[mpnf q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;tm; pHausmif;awmfü rzl;awGY&ojzifh odraf wmfBuD;odYk vdu k of mG ;&m r[mpnf
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rav;½Sm;ç (18) edaygç (19) ygupöwefç (20) zdvpfydkifç (21) puFmylç (22) ,dk;',m;ç (23) wdAufç (24) t*Fvefç
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A[a0g "r®awma,eç tbdoOd dö taeu"m/
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A[a0g "r®araCeç okawarwd taeu"m/
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ykaAÁp uwyknwm/
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ta&;BuD;wmyJ/
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G f
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k af pmifeh wfçtdraf pmifeh wfç
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wdYk tm;vnf;aumif;ç tvH;k pHak om owå0gtaygif;wdYk tm;vnf; trQay;a0ygukef \? tvH;k pHak om owå0gtaygif;wdYk
onf trQ&Muí ud, k pf w
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om"k om"k om"k
r[mpnfax&aoa|eç ,m uxm uxdwm olbm?

om uxm &rPD,mpç aomwpdwå&om,em/
qynmowdrydkif;
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ywåjrm; r[m"r®omvm "r®m½HkBuD;/
tEkarm'emw&m;awmf
qkay;awmfrlyHk
OD;atmifcif a':a<uwdYk \ r[m"r®omvm "r®m½HZk &yfBuD;udv k nf;aumif;? pufa&wGi ;f udk vnf;aumif;

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&wemjrwfo;kH yg;wdYk ukd ½dak ojrwfE;kd vuftyk rf ;kd í ½Scd ;kd ylaZmf zl;ajrmfrmefavQmh uefawmhMu&aom yPmrukov kd uf H
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jzpfwthJ wGuf ur®|mef;ausmif;awGrmS a,m*DawGu jynfah ew,f? ur®|mef;ausmif; qdak wmhvJ cyfusO;f usO;f yJ?
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d wfwu
kd f wdYk ukd ay;awmhvJ olwYkd uraecsif
Mubl;? tJ'v D t kd aMumif;awGaMumifh 'Dae&mrSmtJ'v D tkd a&;BuD;wJh {nfo h nftm*EÅKawG wnf;cdzk Ykd &m Z&yfBuD;waqmif
vJ ½So
d ifw
h ,fvYkd pOf;pm;rdygw,f/
tJ aemufwckuawmh aEG&moDausmif; ydw&f uftwGi;f ç txl;tm;jzifh oBuFe&f uftwGi;f tJ't D cgumvrSm

'Domoemh&yd o f mü a,m*Dtaygif;u tvGerf sm;ygw,f? aeavmufwmu usyu f syw f nf;wnf;aerS a,m*DEpS &f m
avmufom aeavmufygw,f? tJ't D cgusawmh ig;&mç ajcmuf&mausmfv½J ydS gw,f? (vGecf w hJ hJ av;ç ig;ESpu
f tajc
taeudk aj ymygonf? ,ck 1337 -ckEpS rf mS rl 1300 -ausmf½ydS gonf) aemufNyD;awmh rd;k &moD0gwGi;f rSm oDvaqmuf
wnfNyD; w&m;tm;xkww f hJ a,m*DawGvJ usyu
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ESpw
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f iG f ;eJY rd;k wGi;f ç 0gwGi;f rsm;rSmvJ a,m*DawG csrf;csrf;
omomeJY oDvaqmufwnfNyD; w&m;tm;xkwzf Ykd ae&mwckawmh vdw k myJvYkd bke;f BuD;vJ pOf;pm;rdw,f? oufqikd &f m
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bke;f BuD;uyJ pNyD;awmh Ed;I awmfcyhJ gw,f/
trsm;csrf;omzdkY EdI;aqmf&w,f
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bl;? 'umç 'umrawG csrf;csrf;omom aea&;twGuyf gyJ? 'DvZkd &yfBuD;wck ½So d ifw
h ,f vdYk qNkd yD;awmh Ed;I aqmfay;&
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awGç taqmufttHk opfom;awG toif½h w dS t
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taqmufttHBk uD;wck ½Sad ew,fqw kd mvJ oluajymMum;ygw,f? tJ'gawGajymMum;NyD;awmh olvJ aMu mifMh updu
k f
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vmvdu k wf m aemufq;kH usawmh 'Dr[m"r®omvm "r®m½HZk &yfBuD;udk oluyJ tm;vH;k wm0ef,Nl yD; aqmufr,fvYkd
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tjzpf a&mufomG ;wmygyJ? rlvtpwke;f uawmh omrefZ&yfBuD;jzpf½rkH QygyJ odyt f aumif;BuD;r[kwyf gbl;? bke;f BuD;
pOf;pm;aewke;f u qd, k if aejzpf½rkH QavmufygyJ pOf;pm;cJyh gw,f/
"r®m½Hkaqmuf,if; tedpöa&mufcJh&ol a':a<u
a':a<u&JY o'¨gw&m;awG wd;k wd;k vmyHu

k awmh yxrpNyD; wm0ef,w l ek ;f u opfom;wdik af vmuf aqmufzYkdyg
yJ? aemufawmh o'¨gw&m;awG wd;k wufvmwmeJY opfom;wdik af vmuf opfom;ESijhf zifh Mum½Snpf mG rcHb;l ? uGeu f &pf
wdik rf S jzpfr,fqNkd yD;awmh ypön;f uvJ ½SmvdYk tqifoif&h wmeJY a':a<uu wcgwnf; uGeu f &pfwikd af wGeYJ vkyyf g
w,f? tBuD;tus,yf gyJ? bke;f BuD;rsm; arQmrf eS ;f xm;wmeJY trsm;BuD;uGmjcm;ygw,f? tifrwefaMumifMh uûy tvGef
tm;pdu k Nf yD;awmh taqmufttHBk uD;udk pDrûH yvkyaf eygw,f? tJ'v
D ûkd yvkyaf e,if; ol&YJ a½S;uHta Mumif;vdYk yJ qd&k rSm
ayghav taqmufttHk tpûyaqmufcsdeu f pNyD; wvausmfavmufrmS yJ xifygw,f? tJ't D cgrSm tedpaö &mufNyD;oGm;
½Smygw,f/
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'umBuD;OD;atmifcifu qufvkyfw,f
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uawmh a':a<uu aMumifMh updu k af ewmeJY 'umBuD; OD;atmifcifu tdrrf mS yJxikd Nf yD;awmh oufoufomomeJY pDrH
aecJyh gw,f? 'umrBuD; a':a<uu uG,v f eG o
f mG ;wJt
h cg umvusawmh 'umBuD;u a':a<u&JY nDrç tpfrawGeYJ
wdik yf ifNyD;awmh olu,
kd w
f ikd pf rD NH yD; 'DtaqmufttHBk uD; udk qufvufaqmufvyk Mf uw,f/
½SpfveJYNyD;awmh tHhMop&myJ
aqmufwu hJ mvuawmh pNyD;aqmufonfu tcktxdqv

kd Ykd ½,
dS if (8)v½SNd yDvYkd qdyk gw,f? (8)veJYtaqmuf
ttHBk uD;NyD;wm[m tifrwef tHMh op&maumif;ygw,f/
tJ'yD xrqH;k pNyD;awmh wm0efccH w

hJ hJ a':a<u&JYapwemç qufvufNyD;awmh aMumifMh updu k Mf uwJh OD;atmifcif
wdYk tm;vH;k rdom;pkawGq&kd rSmayghav tJ'yD *k Kd¾ vfawG&YJ apwemawGtm;avsmfpmG tifrwefBuD;us,fwhJ 'Dtaqmuf
ttHBk uD;[m ewfrsm;zefqif;ovdyk gyJ? tpu'Dae&mrSm bmrS½w dS mr[kwb
f ;l ? tJ'v
D b
kd mrSr½Sw
d ahJ jrjyifrmS 'Dtaqmuf
ttHBk uD; tifrwef wifw h ifwh ,fw,fjzpfNyD; awmh vmygw,f/
ukodkvf&JY tusdK;aus;Zl;BuD;aMumif; azmfjywm[m

tEkarm'emyJ
NyD;awmh 'Dvt kd aqmufttHBk uD;udk aqmufvyk Nf yD;vª'gef ;wm tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;aMumif;udk 'umç 'umrawG
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ajym&r,f? tJ'vD akd zmfjywmudv
k J tEkarm'emw&m;vdYk qdw k mygyJ? rdrw
d Ykd ûywJh ukov
kd af umif;rI tusdK;½Sw
d t
hJ a Mumif;
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apwem xufoefoavmuf tusdK;ay;vJ xufoefw,f/
t½Sifom&dykwå&m&JY 'gexuf jrwfpGmbk&m;&JY 'geu

omNyD; tusdK;BuD;Edkifw,f
tvª'ge\tusdK;udk odwyhJ *k Kd¾ vfeYJ rodwyhJ *k Kd¾ vf vª'gef;wJh ae&mrSm odwyhJ *k Kd¾ vf&YJ 'geukov kd u
f ydNk yD;awmh
tusdK;BuD;w,f? odwyhJ *k Kd¾ vfcsif; wlawmifrS tusdK;ay;yHu k kd ydNk yD; odem;vnfwhJ yk*Kd¾ vf&YJ 'geukov
kd u
f omNyD;awmh
tusdK;BuD;w,f/
Oyrmtm;jzifh jy&r,fq, kd if t½Sio

f m&dyw
k &å mu vªw'hJ geeJY tusdK;ay;r,fqv kd Ykd ½,
dS if jrwfpmG bk&m; \ 'ge
uomNyD; tusdK;BuD;Edik yf gw,f? 'gayr,fh t½Sio f m&dyw k &å mvJ &[EÅmyJ? jrwfpmG bk&m;vJ udavomukecf ef;wJh
&[EÅmyJ? bk&m;&[EÅmûyvkyw f thJ rI[m tusdK;ray;wwfygbl;? tusdK; ay;wwfwhJ oabmvJ r½Syd gbl;? tu,fí
tusdK;ay;r,fqv kd Ykd ½S,
d ifvJ 'gu y&duyÜpum;ygyJ? rjzpfEikd w f mudk jzpfEikd o f uJo
h Ykd BuHqajymwJh pum;ygyJ? jrwfpmG
bk&m;utvª'ge[m ydNk yD;awmh tusdK;BuD;ygw,fw?hJ bmaMumifw h ;kH qdv
k Ykd ½,
dS if 'getusdK;udk jrwfpmG bk&m;u tjynfh
tpHkod½SdvdkYygyJwJh? t½Sifom&dykwå&mvJ 'ge \tusdK;udk odygw,f? 'gayr,fv h Ykd jrwfpmG bk&m;odoavmufawmh
rus,fjyefYb;l aygh? tJ'gaMumifh 'ge \tusdK;tmedoifukd rsm;rsm;odavav tusdK;ay;rSmvJ rsm;rsm;xufoefavav
jzpfygw,f? tJ'gudk taMumif;ûyNyD;awmh tEkarm'emw&m;udk a[m&w,f/
jrwfpGmbk&m;u taqmufttHk'geudk csD;usL;xm;ygw,f
jrwfpmG bk&m;u taqmufttHt k vª'geudk tifrwefcsD;usL;xm;ygw,f? tJ'gaMumifh tEkarm'emw&m;BuD;

udv
k J r[mpnfausmif;awmfa&pufcsyGw
J ek ;f u a[mNyD;ygNyD? tckawmh tusOf;csyf a[m&rSmyJ/
a0vmrqdw k hJ ykPmÖ ;oaX;BuD; \ tvª'ge[m uka#aygif;rsm;pGmudk pGeYf NyD;vªwhJ tBuD;tus,f tvªBuD;ygyJ?

uka#aygif;rsm;pGmudk pGeYf NyD;vª'gef;wJh a0vmrykPmÖ ; \ tvª'ge[m aomwmyef yk*Kd¾ vfwyg; auR;arG;vª'gef;wm
avmuf tusdK; rBuD;ygbl;? aomwmyefy*k Kd¾ vfwyg; auR;arG;vª'gef;wmu tJ'D a0vmrtvªxuf tusdK;BuD;w,f/
aomwmyefw&mudk vªwmxuf ou'g*grfwyg; vªwmu tusdK;BuD;w,f/
ou'g*grfw&mudk vªwmxuf tem*grfwyg;vªwmu tusdK;BuD;w,f/
tem*grfw&mudk vªwmxuf &[EÅmwyg; vªwmu ydNk yD;tusdK;BuD;w,f /
&[EÅmw&mudk vªwmxuf yapöuAk'w

¨ yg; vªwmu ydNk yD; tusdK;BuD;w,f/
yapöuAk''¨ gw&mudk vªwmxuf or®morÁK'¨ jrwfpmG bk&m;udk qGr;f uyfvw

ª mu ydNk yD; tusKd ;BuD;w,f/
jrwfpmG bk&m;wyg;wnf;tm; qGr;f uyfvw

ª mxuf bk&m;trª;½Sad om oHCmawmfu v
kd w
ª mu ydNk yD; tusdK;BuD;
w,f/
tJ'v
D ykd *k Kd¾ vfu tvªawG wqifx
h ufwqifh ydNk yD;tusdK;BuD;yHu
k kd a[mawmfryl gw,f/
tJ'g[m qGr;f tvª'ge tqifq

h ifh tusdK;BuD;yHyk gyJ/
bk&m;trª;½Sad om oHCmawmfrsm;tm; qGr;f vªwmxuf oHCmudk &nfp;l NyD ;awmh ausmif;taqmufttHk

vªwmu ydNk yD; tusdK;BuD;w,f/
tJ'aD usmif;u b,favmuf BuD;&rvJqakd wmh ausmif;&JY yrmPu oHCmwyg; aeavmuf½ykH gyJ? wyg;ae
avmuf½kH av;yifwikd af usmif;uav;qd,
k if ckwifuajymwJh a0vmr'geBuD;rSpNyD; tqifq h ifw
h ufvmwJh tvª'ge
awGEiS w
hf uG bk&m;trª;½Sad om oHCmawmftm;vªwhJ tvª'gewdik af tmif tJ'q
D rG ;f 'geawGxuf ydNk yD;tusdK;BuD;yg
w,fwJh/
tJ'g jrwfpmG bk&m;u 0d[m&'geqdw

k hJ taqmufttHk tvª'geudk csD;rGr;f xm;yHw
k ckygyJ/
0d[m&'geH oHCóç t*¾H Aka'ë 0PÖdwH/
oHCó-oHCmawmftm;? 0d[m&'geH -ausmif;tvªu?kd t*¾H -tjrwfq;kH [lí? Aka'ë -jrwfpmG bk&m;onf?

0PÖdwH-csD;rGr;f awmfrt
l yf\wJ/h 'gexJrmS oHCmvªwhJ 0d[m&'ge tjrwfq;kH jzpfw,fvYkd jyqdak wmfryl gw,f/
'D"r®m½HkBuD;udkvSL&mrSm
tckvw ª hJ "r®m½HBk uD;tvªuawmh oHCmawmfoufouf vªwmawmh r[kwyf gbl;? oHCmoufoufv, ª if

oHCu d taqmufttHBk uD;jzpfawmh vlawGrajymeJY oHCmawGawmif oH;k aqmif&wm wm0efav;ygw,f? 'gaMumifh
'D"r®m½HBk uD;vª&mrSm oHCmawGvyJ gygw,f? vlawGvyJ gygw,f? {nfo h nftm*EÅKawGvyJ gw,f? a&pufcsxJrmS azmfjy
xm;ygw,f? tJ'gawGtukev f ;kH csrf;csrf;omomeJY oH;k aqmifzYkd vª'gef;w,fqw
kd m azmfjyxm;ygw,f? tJ'g oHCm
tm;vªwmvJjzpfygw,f? a,m*D yk*Kd¾ vfawGtm;vªwmvJjzpfygw,f? tm*EÅKawGtm;vªwmvJjzpfygw,f? {nfo h nf
tm*EÅKawGq&kd mrSm olawmfaumif;{nfo h nfawGvYkd azmfjyxm;ygw,f? awGYu&m{nfo h nfawG r[kwyf gbl;? olawmf
aumif;udrk S 'DtaqmufttHu k vufcEH ikd rf ,f? omoemh&yd o f mtaeeJYvJ olawmfaumif;udrk S vufcEH ikd rf ,f? olawmf
aumif; r[kww f ohJ al wGuakd wmh vufrcHEikd b f ;l /
'DrmS aemufwck a[mjyxm;wmuawmh-
auoH 'd0gp &awåmp? o'g yknH y0¹kw/d
ewfom;wOD;u auoH -tb,fyk*dK¾ vfwdkYtm;? 'd0gp -aeYüvnf;aumif;? &awåmp -nOfüh vnf;aumif;?

o'g-tcgcyford ;f ? yknH-ukov
kd af umif;rIonf? y0¹kwd-wd;k yGm;ygoenf;/
b,fy*k Kd¾ vfrmS aeYa&mnOfyh g tcgcyford ;f ukov

kd yf mG ;ygovJvYkd ar ;avQmufw,f/
tJ't
D ar;udk jrwfpmG bk&m;u 'Dvakd jzMum;awmfryl gw,f/
tma&mra&myg 0ea&mygç a, Zem aowkum&um?

yyOö O'ygeOöç a, ''EÅd Oyó,H/
awoH 'd0gp &awåmpç o'g yknH y0¹kw?d

"r®|m oDvorÜaEém awç Zem o*¾*grdaem/
tma&mra&mygp-tm&mrfO,smOfukd pdu k yf sdK;ívªMuaom olwYkd onf vnf;aumif;? tm&mrfO,smOfpu kd yf sdK;vª

wJh yk*Kd¾ vfawGwhJ ud,
k Ohf ,smOfeYJ ud,
k o f ;kH pGzJ Ykd O,smOfvyk x f m;wm ajymwmr[kwb f ;l ? tJ'v D kd ud,
k t
hf wGuf vkyw f mu
awmh olYp;D yGm;a&; olvyk w f myJ ukov kd rf jzpfygbl;? ,ckajymwmu tm&mrfO,smOfpu kd Nf yD; vª'gef;wmudk ajymwm/
0ea&mygp-opfyifupkd u kd yf sdK;í vª'gef;Muaom olwYkd onfvnf;aumif;? opfyifpu kd yf sdK;NyD;awmh vª'gef;jcif;

wJ?h taqmufttHak wG raqmufEikd , f ifawmif opfyifwyifpu kd v
f u
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ttHrk mS aewJh yk*Kd¾ vfawG&YJ ]]oDwH OPHk y#d[EÅ}d } tat;udk y,fazsmufjcif;ç tylukd y,fazsmufjcif; ponfjzifh ab;&ef
tEÅ&m,fawGukd y,fEikd w f t hJ wGuf ausmif;tvª½iS rf mS vJ ab;&eftEÅ&m,f uif;jcif;paom tusdK;awGukd &Edik yf g
w,f/
avPw¬Oö okcw¬Oçö psm,dwOk ö 0dyódw/kH avPw¬O-ö ude;f atmif;í aejcif;tusdK;iSg vnf;aumif;?

okcwåO-ö ud,
k pf w
d Ef pS jf zm csr;f omjcif; tusKd ;iSgvnf;aumif;? psm,dwOk ö -orxpsmef0ifpm;vmjcif; tusKd ;iSgvnf;
aumif;? 0dyódwOk ö-0dyóem½I&eftusdK;iSgvnf;aumif;? a[mwd-jzpfygw,fw/hJ
,ck'rD mS aqmufxm;wJh ur®|mef;ausmif;awG[m i,f,ifviJ ,fwt hJ avsmufç BuD;,ifvJ BuD;wJt h avsmuf

ESpaf ,muf aeavmuf,if ESpaf ,muftwGuçf av;a,mufaeavmuf,if av;a,muftwGuçf q,fa,mufae
avmuf,if q,fa,muftwGuf ponftwGuf tusdK;rsm;oGm;wmyJ? bmrSw&m;tm;rxkwyf eJ YJ tvGwaf ewJh tcsdef
rSmvJ vJavsm if;NyD;awmh tdyaf ecsifvJ tdyaf ezdYk toH;k us aus;Zl;rsm;ygw,f? ud,
k cf srf;om pdwcf srf;omjzpfzYkd toH;k
us aus;Zl;rsm;w,f? w&m;ESv;kH oGi;f tm;xkwaf ewmuawmh txl;ajymp&mrvdyk gbl;/
'Domoem&dyo f mrSm w&m;udak wmh tm;xkw&f w,f? 'DrmS aewJh yk*Kd¾ vfawGtukef vH;k w&m;tm;xkw&f wm
csnf;ygyJ? orm"d orxtvkyf tm;xkww f hJ yk*Kd¾ vfq,
kd if orxpsmef0ifpm;zdYk toH;k usw,f? tJ'D orxedrw
d f
tm½H½k NI yD;aezdYk toH;k usw,f? 0dyóem½IaewJh yk*Kd¾ vfq, kd if 0dyóem½IzYkd toH;k usw,f/
tjyifbufrmS qdak wmh jrifp&mtrsKd ;rsKd ;awGu kd jrif&wmvJwaMumif;ç yljcif;ab;tp½Sad om ab;tEÅ&m,fawG

½Sad ewmuvJwaMumif;ç tJ'v D t
kd EÅ&m,ftaMumif;awGuvJ trsm;BuD;½Sad ew,f? 'gaMumifo h rm"d[m aumif;aumif;
rjzpfEikd b
f ;l ? omr"drjzpf,if ÓPfvJ aumif;aumif;rjzpfEikd b f ;l ? ausmif;cef;xJrmS 0ifNyD; w&m;ESv;kH oGi;f tm;xkwf
vdYk ½,
dS ifawmh tcsrf;ç tyl tp½Sad om ab;tEÅ&m,fawGvJ uif;w,f? aemufNyD;awmh csrf;csrf;omomeJY tm;xkwEf ikd f
w,f? orm"d&vG,w f ,f? orm"d&oavmuf 0dyóemÓPfawGvJ jzpfymG ;Edik w f ,f? tJ'v D jkd zpfymG ;oGm;awmh
r*fÓPfç zdv k Ó
f Pf&jcif; taMumif;jzpfwmaygh/
'gaMumifh taqmufttHv k 'ª gef;wJh 'umç 'umrawGuvJ tJ'v D kd ab;tEÅ&m,f uif;jcif;wnf; [laom
tusdK;ç orm"d&jcif;wnf;[laom tusdK;ç 0dyóemÓPf jzpfymG ;jcif;wnf;[laomtusdK;ç 0dyóemÓPf jynfph NkH yD;
rdrv
d tkd yfwhJ t&d,r*fÓPfç zdv k Ó f Pftqifq h ifjh zifh edAmÁ efukd rsufarSm ufûyEdik jf cif;wnf; [laomtusKd ;
tJ'vD t kd usdK;awGuvkd J &oGm;Edik yf gw,fw/hJ
ausmif;tvSL½Sif eE´d,ol<u,f
txl;tm;jzifh jrwfpmG bk&m;vufxufawmf umvwke;f u eE´, d qdw k hJ 'umwa,muf[m Am&mPoDûrdY

£odywe rd*'g0kev f Ykd ac:wJh awmausmif;wd u
k Bf uD;rSm ausmif;aqmufNyD;awmh vª'gef;w,f? tJ'aD usmif;&m[m ck
xufxt d rSwtf om; ½Sad eygao;w,f? tJ'aD usmif;aqmufNyD; vª'gef;wJt h cgrSm a&pufcsvdu
k wf hJ tcsdeu
f wnf;u
ewfjynfrmS ewfbAkH rd mefawG aygufaew,fw/hJ
waeYaomtcgumv t½Sirf [marm*¾vmefu ewfjynf<u oGm;w,f? ewfjynf<uoGm;wJt h cgrSm bHAk rd mefBuD;

txl;awGY&wmud;k ? tvsifur½Sad o;bl;? 'Dae&mrSm tckbAkH rd meftopfukd awGY&w,f? tJ'gudk olYÓPfeYJ pOf;pm;
Munfv
h u
kd ,
f ifvJ b,fuo k vkd af Mumifh b,foYl twGuf jzpfay:vmw,fqw kd m xif½mS ;odEikd yf gw,f? 'gayr,fh ouf
aocH&atmifvYkd olu tJ'bD AkH rd mefa&mufomG ;wJt
h cg tJ'b
D AkH rd mefay:u xGuNf yD;uefawmhMuwJh ewforD;awGuakd r;
w,f/
]]'D bHAk rd mef[m b,foYl twGuf jzpfay:vmwmvJ? b,foYl Ard mefv}J } vdYk ar;awmfrw
l ,f? 'Dawmh -
]]Am&mPoDjynfrSm t½SifeEd́,qdkwJh ol<u,f½Sdygw ,fb&k m;? tJ'D t½Sief Ed́,u bk&m;trª;½Sad om oHCm
awmftm; ausmif;aqmufNyD;awmh vª'gef;ygw,f? tJ'aD usmif;udk a&pufcsNyD; vª'gef;wJt h csdeu
f wnf;u 'DArd mef
BuD;aygufaeygw,f? wynfah wmfrwdYk vJ tJ't D ½Sief Ed́,vmwJt
h cgusawmh ûypkzYkd ç apmifah ½SmufzYkd ç vkyaf uR;zdYk &m
'DrmS a&mufaeMu&ygw,f? waeYaomfvmEd;k Ed;k waeYaomfvmEd;k Ed;k eJY wynfah wmfrwdYk arQmv f ifah eMu&ygw,fqw kd hJ
taMumif; t½Sief Ed́,tm; ajymMum;apcsifygw,f}} vdYk awmif ewforD;awGu rSmvdu k Mf uao;w,f/
bk&m;a[m*gxm 2-yk'f
tJ't
D aMumif;eJYpyfNyD; jrwfpmG bk&m; a[mxm;wJh *gxm 2-yk'u
f kd "r®y'rSm o*Fg,emwif xm;w,f/
pd&yÜ0goð yk&o
d çð 'l&awm aomw¬d rm*wH?
Ówdrw d må ok[ZÆmpç tbdeEÉdÅ tm*wH/
wax0 uwyknrÜçd to®mavmum y&H*wH?
yknmed y#d*P¾ ES çdÅ 0d, ÓwD0 tm*wH/
pd&yÜ0goð-½Snjf rifph mG uGu

J mG aeNyD;í? 'l&awm -a0;aomt&yfr?S aomw¬ð -csr;f ompGm? tm*wH -jyefvnfqu
kd f
a&mufívmaom? yk&o d H-a,musfm;yk*Kd¾ vfu/kd
avmurSm taMumif;udpt ö m;avsmpf mG a0 ;wJt h &yfrsm;oGm;NyD;awmh aeMu&wmawG½w dS ,f? wcsKd Yu ynmoif

oGm;ae&w,f? wcsdKYu pD;yGm;Opöm t½SmoGm;ae&w,f? wcsdKYu tpd;k &vkyif ef;eJY oGm;Mu&w,f? ckaetcgumv
qd,
k ifawmh wurÇmvH;k tESYH tjym; oGm;vmaeMu&w,f? [dEk ikd if u H 'DEikd if aH &muf olYupd ö vlYupd ö awGeYJ oGm;aeMu&
w,f? ESpaf ygif;rsm;pGm MumwJt
h cg tJ'yD *k Kd¾ vf ab;tEÅ&m,fr½Syd eJ YJ ynmeJY jynfph vkH Ykd ç pD;yGm;OpömESihf jynfph v
kH Ykd ç
vkyif ef;aqmifwm atmifjrifvYkd jyefvmw,f? tJ'v D kd jyefvmwJt h cgumvusawmh aqGrsKd ;awG rdwaf qGawGu êudqkd
Muw,f/
tm*wH-a0;aomt&yfrS jyefívmaom? yk&o d H -a,musmf ;yk*Kd¾ vfu?kd Ówdrw

d må p -aqGrsdK; rdwaf qGwYkd onf
vnf;aumif;? ok[ZÆmp -cspu f Rr;f 0ifaom &if;ES;D aomolwYkdonfvnf;aumif;? tm*wH - jyefívmaom aqGrsdK;
rdwaf qGjzpfaomolu?kd tbdeEÉdÅ-0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omeJY vufcêH udqMkd uukef\/
tJ'guawmh avmuOyrm tifrwef xif½mS ;ygw,f? w&yfwaus; t&yfa0;rS jyefvmawmhr,fq, kd if

jyefvmrnft h aMumif; pmav;bmav;&uwnf;u tawmfyJ 0rf;omaeMuNyD? om;rsm;jyefvmrnfq, kd if rdcifawGu
odyNf yD;0rf;omMuwmaygh? tdro f t
l rd o
f m;awGqv dk Ykd ½,
dS ifvJ trsm;BuD; 0rf;omMuw,f? nDtpfuakd wG armifErS awGvJ
0rf;omwmyJ? &if;ES;D wJyh *k Kd¾ vfawGvJ &if;ES;D wJrh w
d af qG jyefvmawmhvJ 0rf;omwmygyJ/
tJ'g[m owif;Mum;&uwnf;u 0rf;omwmyJ? jyefvmwJt h cgusawmh oGm;êudqMkd uw,f? av,mOfyseH YJ

jyefvmr,fq,kd if av,mOfqyd f oGm;êudMuw, ?f oabFmeJYvmr,fq, kd if oabFmqdyof mG ;NyD; êudqMkd uw,f?
&xm;eJYvmr,fq, kd if blwm½Ho
k mG ;NyD; êudqMkd uw,f? wodu
k w
f ûrduBf uD; 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omeJY {nfch êH udqMkd uw,f/
wax0 uwyknrÜçd to®m avmum y&H*wH?
wax0-xdYk twlyif? uwyknrÜd-ûytyfaom aumif;rI½ad om yk*Kd¾ vfuv

kd nf;/
ta&;BuD;wmu aumif;rI½zdS YkdyJ vdyk gw,f? oHo&mpcef; c&D;oGm;aeMu&wJo h al wG[m oHo&mpcef;rSm wOD;
eJYwOD; cGcJ mG NyD;oGm;aeMu&w,f? tJ'v
D kd cGcJ mG ae&wmu b0ajymif;wJt
h cgrSm ukov
kd f aumif;rIjynfph zkH Ykd ta&;BuD;
ygw,f/
uwyknrÜ-d ûytyfNyD;aom aumif;rI½adS om yk*Kd¾ vfuv

kd nf;/
ûytyfaom aumif;rIqwkd m tusOf;csKyftm;jzifah wmh 'geç oDvç bm0em'gygyJ? tus,fcsJY,ifawmh ukov kd f

awG trsm;BuD;½Syd gw,f? 'geuvJ ouFe;f tvªwYkd ç qGr;f tvªwYkd ç ausmif;tvªwYkd ç aq;ypön;f tvªwYkd tJ'v
D kd tvª
av;rsdK;½Sdygw,f/
qGrf;tvSLvJygw,f
,aeYa&pufcswJh tvªuawmh tpHyk gyJ? qGr;f tvªq, kd if reufu apmapmwke;f u oHCmawmfawGç a,m*D
awGç a&mufvmMuwJh yk*Kd¾ vfawGa&m rGejf rwfwhJ rke;f [if;cg;qGr;f wBudrv f Nª yD;oGm;Ny ?D aeYusawmhvJ oHCmawGa&mç
a,m*DawGa&mç vly*k Kd¾ vfawGa&mç rGejf rwfwhJ qGr;f cJz, G af wG wcgvªt;kH r,f? aemufNyD;awmh zdwrf EÅuûyvdYk a&mufvm
wJh yk*Kd¾ vfawGa&mç rzdwrf efyaJ &mufvmwJh rdwaf qGo*F[awGa&mç tJ'yD *k Kd¾ vfawGvJ 'DZ&yfBuD;ay:rSm rkeYf ç rkeYf czJ ,
G f
abmZOfawGeYJ {nfch zH Ykd &m vª'gef;zdYk &mvJ ½Sad ewmyJ? tJ'aD wmh qGr;f tvª'geawGygyJ/
ouFef;tvSLvJygw,f
ouFe;f tvªvJ ygygw,f? a[m oHCmawGvzª Ykd &m oHCmu b,fEpS yf g;wH;k qdak wmh 68 -yg;wJ?h 68-qdak wmh
enf;wmr[kwbf ;l ? ,ckaetcgrSm ouFe;f uvJ &u&cJygbde YJ ? wpHw k pHv
k cª siw
f mawmif odyrf vG,b
f ;l ? tJ ,ck
68-yg;twGuf ouFe;f 68-pHvk wª ,f? 'gaMumifh ouFe;f vªwhJ 'gevJygw,f/
ausmif;tvSLudk txl;ajymzG,fawmifr½Sdbl;
ausmif;tvª'geuawmhjzifh txl;ajymp&m rvdak wmhygbl;? 'Dausm if;tvªtwGuf ,ckyJ a&pufcs&r,f?tif;

"r®m½HBk uD; jrif&wmudv k J tifrwef 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omp&maumif;ygw,f? vªw'hJ umç 'umrawG rajymeJYO;D rvª&wJh
yk*Kd¾ vfawGawmifrS wdYk vJ 'Dvvkd cª sifygbdawmhw,fvYkd pdwu
f ;l NyD; 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om tifrwefjzpfygw,f? yDwad wG
trsm;BuD;jzpfygw,f/
pufESifhydkufa&wGif; tvSLvJygw,f
aemufNyD;awmh txl;tm;jzifh 'Dyu

kd af &wGi;f wJ?h 'guvJ vª&cJygw,f? 'Dyu
kd af &wGi;f u vª&cJw,f? tJ ydu
k f
a&wGi;f uvJ tifrwefvJ aus;Zl;rsm;ygw,f? a&wGi;f wifrubl; a&udpk yk w f ifzkd Y&m pufawGa&mç olYqikd &f m ud&,
d m
awGa&m tpHyk gyJ? taqmufttHak &m tNcHt&HawGeYJ wuG a&pufcspmwef;xJrmS vJ tjynft h pHk tukevf ;kH xnfx
h m;yg
w,f/
aq;tvSL
aemufNyD;awmh aq;ypön;f tvª? tJ'D aq;ypön;f vJygw,f? aq;vªzYkd &mawGuawmh oHCma wmfawGwifru
bl; a,m*DawGa&m vª'gef;zdYk qykd gw,f? 'gaMumifh aq;ypön;f awGuawmh trsm;BuD;yJ? oluvJ ta&;BuD;wmyJ? 0,f
,if tifrwefaps;BuD;ygw,f/
ypönf;av;yg;tvSL
tJ'Dvdk 'gebufu qGrf;tvª'geç ausmif;tvª'geç ouFef;tvª'geç aq;tvª'geç av;ckvH ;k tpHyk ?J oDv

bufuvJyJ tck"r®m½HZk &yf 'umç 'umrawGu oDvjynfph akH eMuwm MumygNyD/
oDvESifhbm0em csD;rGrf;zdkY
w&m;awGuvJ tm;xkwx f m;vdYk bm0embufuvJ jynfph akH eygNyD? tcktcsdeu f awmh 'ge0w¬KawG csD;rGr;f
ajymqdak e&vdYk oDvbm0emawGukd cs;D rGr;f ajymqdzk Ykd tcGirhf &bl;? oDvawGukd csD;rGr;f r,fq, kd ifvJ csD;rGr;f p&mawG
trsm;BuD;ygyJ? bm0emawGukd csD;rGr;f r,fq, kd ifvJ w&m;tm;xkwf usifBh uHxm;wmawG trsm;BuD;½Sad eygw,f?aemuf
NyD;awmh ukov kd af umif;rIûyzl;wJh yk*Kd¾ vfawGç ûyzl;wJh ukov
kd af umif;rI½w
dS hJ yk*Kd¾ vfawGqakd wmh ,cka&pufcsaeqJ
'Dy*k Kd¾ vfawGygyJ/
wax0-xdYk twlyifvQif? uwyknrÜd -ûytyfNyD;aom aumif;rI½adS om yk*Kd¾ vfuv

kd ?J 0g -aumif;rI½o
dS nfjzpfí?
to®mavmum-þvlYjynfavmurS? y&H*wH-wrvGeaf vmuodYk oGm;a&mufNyD;aom yk*Kd¾ vfu/kd
ukodkvfawG trsm;BuD;½SdwJh a':a<u
tJ vlYjynfavmuuaeNyD; taMumif;tm;avsmfpmG toufwrf;aphvYkd jzpfapç 'djyiftaMumif;aMumifjh zpfapç

uG,v
f eG o
f mG ;wJh tcgrSmwJ/h
tck "r®m½HZk &yftrqd, k if aqmufNyD;awmh ukov kd yf mG ;ae,if ukov kd af ZmawGjzpfNyD;awmh ae,if; uG,v f eG f
NyD;oGm;cJw
h ,f? 'gaMumifo h [ l m ukov kd af umif;rItm½Hak wGeYJ yJ aemufq;kH tcsderf mS jzpfomG ;rSmygyJ? tJ'g[m tifrwef
xif½mS ;ygw,f? aeYpOf aeYwikd ;f aqmufvyk &f mudk vmw,f? vmwmrS cPwûzwf r[kwb f ;l waeukev f mNyD; pDrH
nTeMf um;aewm? pdwyf gvufyg aqmif½u G af ewm? tJ'D taqmufttHt k wGuf &p&mypön;f awGukd pHpk rf;NyD;awmh
&rnfah e&mawGukd ud, k w
f ikd f wcgwnf;yJ oGm;a&mufNyD; aqmif½u G af ewmyJ? raerem; wu,fu h t
kd m;xkwaf ewm
ygyJ? tvGeyf if tHMh op&maumif;ygw,f? tJ'aD wmh ukov kd af umif;rIawG trsm;BuD;½Sw d hJ yk*Kd¾ vfawGygyJ/
to®mavmum-þavmurS pkawoGm;vdYk ckepfv½So

d mG ;NyD? 'DaeYreufjzefcgqd,
k if ckepfvjynfNh yD? 'DuaeYvJ
ckepfvjynfah jrmufwhJ aeY&ufygyJ/
to®mavmum-þvlYjynfavmurS? y&H*wH -wrvGeaf vmuodYk ajymif;oGm;avonf½adS omf? 0g -ajymif;oGm;

avaom aumif;rI½iS u
f ?kd yknmed-rdrûd yxm;aom aumif;rIuo
k v
kd w
f Ykdonf? y#d*P
¾ ES dÅ -vufcêH udqMkd uuke\
f /
ûyxm;wJh ukov kd af umif;rIawGu êudqMkd uw,fw?hJ rdwaf qGawG aqGrsKd ;awGurS arhcsiaf rhaer,f? ukov kd f
aumif;rIuawmh rarhygbl;? oluawmh arhwwfw,fvYkd r½Sb d ;l ? aqGrsdK;awGç rdwaf qGawGurS 'DuaeY ta&;BuD;vdYk ç
oGm;p&muav;½Sad evdYk ponfjzifh rêudEikd yf J ½Scd sif,if½t
dS ;kH r,f? ½Sad eEdik w
f ,f/
tJ ukovkd af umif;rIuawmh tJ'v

D rkd ½Syd gbl;? 'djyifupd u
ö bmrSr½Sb
d ;l ? oluawmh ukov
kd af umif;rI½iS uf kd êud
qdNk yD;awmh aumif;usKd ;awG ay;&ef toif½h adS ewmyJ? 'gawG[m olYtvkyyf ?J olYtvkyu f awmh tifrwef wdwu d sus
tusdK;ay;wwfwhJ oabmygyJ/
wax0 uwyknrÜçd to®m avmum y&H*wH?

yknmed y#d*P
¾ ES çdÅ yd,H ÓwD0 tm*wH/
bmeJYww
l ;kH qdak wmh a½S;ujycJNh yD; Oyrmudk xyfNyD;a[mvdu k af o;w,f? tm*wH -t&yfa0;rSjyef ívmaom?
yd,-H cspftyfaomolu?kd ÓwD -taqGtrsdK;wdYk onf? y#d*P ¾ ES dÅ £0 -0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om êudqu
kd ek f ouJo
h Ykdyifwnf;
wJh/
cspfciftyfwyhJ *k Kd¾ vf ynmoifMum;NyD;jzpfapç pDymG ;Opöm ½SmrS;D N yD;íjzpfapç udpaö qmif½u G f NyD;vdYk jzpfap ab;
tEÅ&m,fuif;pGmeJY usef;usef;rmrm csrf;csrf;omomeJY qdu k af &mufvmvdYk ½, dS if &if;ES;D wJyh *k Kd¾ vfawGç aqGrsdK;awGu
woduk wf 0ef;BuD; odu k o f u kd 0f ef;0ef;eJY êudqMkd uovdyk ?J rdrw
d Ykd ûyxm;wJh 'geukov kd af wGç oDvukov kd çf bm 0em
ukovkd af wGu êudqMkd uygw,fw/hJ
'umBuD; OD;eE´d,
tJ'aD usmif;'um ½Sief E´,d qdw k hJ vlemrnfuawmh bke;f BuD;emrnfawGeYJ wal ewmyJ? ,ck½rS ;f jynfrmS vJ 'Dvkd
emrnfawG ½Syd gw,f? jrefrmawG taeeJYawmh 'umBuD; OD;eE´, d vdYk qd&k rSmaygh? tJ'D OD;eE ,
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azmfjyyg ur®m&mrwm tp½Sad om wmajcmufyg;udk a½SmifMuOf&ef Mo0g'ay;awmfral vh½o dS nf? ,if;Mo0g' rSm
yk*Kd¾ vfra½G; vdu
k ef m&rnfh Mo0g'jzpf&m þü rl&if;twdik ;f azmfjytyfygonf? zwf½aI vhvmNyD; q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;
qH;k ronft h wdik ;f vdu
k ef musifah qmif&m\/
oHCmawmft½Sijf rwftaygif;wdYk ç a,m*Dtaygif;wdYk -
1/ ur®m&mrwm=trIBuD;ç i,fü arGUavsmfj cif;ç

2/ bóm&mrwm=pum;ajymjcif;ü arGUavsmjf cif;ç
3/ ed'g´ &mrwm=tdyjf cif;ü arGUavsmfjcif;ç
4/ o*FPu d m&mrwm=taygif;tazmfü arGUavsmfjcif;
5/ oHo*¾g&mrwm=a&maESmjcif;ü arGUavsmjf cif;ç
6/ yyOöm&mrwm=csJUxGijf cif;ü arGUavsmjf cif;ç
þ arGUavsmjf cif; 6-yg;qdw k m½Sw

d ,f? w&m;tm;xkww f hJ a,m*DawG[m tJ'D
arGYavsmjf cif; 6-yg;udk a½SmifMuOf&r,f? 'DarGYavsmfjcif; 6-yg;xJu wyg;jzpfapç
ESpyf g;jzpfapç oH;k yg; jzpfap arGYavsmaf er,fq, kd if y"mejzpfwhJ ûyvky&f r,ft h vky[ f m
rwGiu f s,af wmhb;l ? rwGiu f s,½f o
kH mrubl;? tNyD;udrk a&mufyJ awmif aecsiaf er,f?
'D&yd o
f ma&mufaeMuwJh a,m*DawG[m 'DarGYavsmzf , G af wGeYJ arGYavsmaf er,fqNkd yD;
a&mufaeMuwm r[kwyf gbl;? w&m;eJY arGYavsmrf ,fqNkd yD; a&mufaeMuwm jzpfygw,f?
w&m;eJY arGYavsmw f m[m tifrwefaumif;ygw,f? b,foYl urkd S xdck u kd w
f t hJ vkyvf J
r[kwb f ;l ? avmbç a'go wdYk aMumifh rNidrrf oufjzpfaewwfwhJ ud, k çf rNidrrf ouf
jzpfaewwfwhJ EIwçf rNidrrf oufjzpfaew,fwphJ w d çf 'Dvrkd Nidrrf ouf jzpfaewJh rdrw d Ykd
ud,k çf EIwpf w d af wGvJ Nidro
f ufat;csrf;oGm;apEdk ifygw,f? 'gaMumifh w&m;eJYarGYavsmf&
wm[m tifrwef aumif;ygw,f? wjcm;arGYavsmzf , G q f w
kd mawGu 'DvNkd idro f uf at;
csr;f Edik wf mr[kwyf gbl;/
1/ ur®m&mrwm
ur®m&mrwm qdw k m trIBuD;i,f ûyvkyw f ahJ e&mrSm arGYavsmf aysmufyu kd w f wf

wJh oabmyJ? wESpef YJ vJ rNyD;bl;? wveJYvJ rNyD;wJh trIupd Bö uD;rsdK;ç wem&Davmufç
w&ufavmufeYJ NyD;Edik w f hJ trIupd iö ,fuav;rsdK;ç 'DvBkd uD;wJt h rIç i,fwt hJ rIupd aö wGqkd
wm½Syd gw,f/ 0goemygwJt h wdik ;f olYae&mESio hf l aqmif½u G o f ifv h Ykd aqmif½u G w f mudk
qdpk &mrvdyk gbl;? aqmif½u G o f if,
h if 'Dvkd aqmif½u G af eMuwmygyJ? 'Dae&mrSmawmh
raqmif½u G o f ifyh J aqmif½u G af ewmrsdK;udk ajymvdyk gw,f? w&m;tm;xkwrf ,fqNkd yD;
w&m;tm;xkwaf ewJt h cgrSm 0goemygcJw h hJ trIBuD;i,f aqmif½u G f arGYavsmfraI wGukd
raqmif½u G f rarGYavsmfyJ tcsdew f ikd ;f w&m;udo k mtm;xkwo f ifyh gw,f? w&m;ESio hf m
arGYavsmfoifyh g w,f? 'grSvJ omoemh&yd o f mudk vma&mufpOfu rdrw d Ykd &nf½, G f
&if;jzpfwhJ tvdq k E´jynf0h MurSm jzpfygw,f/
2/ bóm&mrwm
bóm&mrwmqdw k m[m pum;ajymazmf ajymzuf½, dS if rxwef; ajymajymae

wwfwhJ oabmygyJ? pum;ajymazmf aj ymzuf½, dS if b,favmuftcsdeu f ek u
f ek f ajymae
wwfw,f? ajymazmf ajymzufr½S, d if vdu k ½f mS NyD;awmif ajymwwfao;w,f?vkyo f ifwh hJ
tvkyu f kd ypfxm;wwfw,f? arhxm;wwfw,f? em;axmifr,fv h ½l ,
dS if wa,muf
wnf;½Sv d J ajymwmyJ? pka0;ae&mrSmvJ ajymwmyJ? wcgw&H olajymwmudk em;raxmif
csifyt J m;emvdYk em;axmifae&wmawGv½J w dS ,f? tvsifwek ;f u ykPmÖ ;BuD;wa,muf
[m pum;rsm;vGe;f vdYk em;axmif&wJv h al wGu rke;f vmw,f? 'Dawmh AdEK´ ypfwwfwhJ vl
wa,mufukd ukvm;um (uefYvefYum) tuG,u f aeapNyD; olajymwJt h cg yg;pyf[
wdik ;f qdwaf cs; (qdwcf sD;)eJY olYyg;pyfx 0J ifatmif typfcidk ;f Muw,f qdwaf cs;wcGuf
om; wjynfom;0ifatmif ypfoiG ;f wmawmif rodb;l vdYk qw kd ,f? 'Davmufawmifajym
awmh rke;f MurSmyJ? 'Davmufrajymawmif tvkyyf suçf tudik yf suf em;axmifae&,if
rke;f MurSmyJ? wbufom;&JY tvdu k u f rkd od wwf&mvJa&mufw,f? pum;qdw k majymp& m
½So
d avmufuo kd m ajym&w,f? ajymp&m½So d avmufxuf ydak jym,if pum;rsm;w,f
qdNk yD;rSe;f wwfMuw,f? w&m;tm;xkwaf eMuwJh a,m*DawGq, kd if wOD;eJYwOD; ajymp
&mvdMk ur,f r[kwyf gbl;? tcsde½f o dS rQ ud, k w hf &m;udk ud,k t f m;xkwaf eMuzdYk yJ ½Syd g
w,f/
3/ ed'´g&mrwm
ed'g´ &mrwmqdw k m ttdyrf ufwmç ttdyBf uD;wmygyJ? wcsdKYu tifrwefttdyf

BuD;w,f? ttdyBf uD;wm[m olwyg;udk xdyg;wm r[kwaf yr,fh ud, k tf wGut f usdK;
r½Syd J tusdK;,kww f wfw,f? tusdK;½Srd ,fh tvkyaf wG[m tdyaf evdYk rvkyv f ukd &f wmeJY
tusdK;rJh jzpfuek Ef ikd w
f ,f? 'Dav mufomrubl; ttdyrf ufNyD; rtdyo f ifw
h hJ ae&mrSm
oGm;tdyrf , d if toufuakd wmif xdcu kd w
f wfao;w,f? rD;&wm;oHvrf;udk acgif;tH;k NyD;
tdyMf uvdYk rD;&xm;eif;NyD; aoMu&wmawGawmif ½SMd uw,fr[kwv f m;? rqifrjcif
ttdyrf ufwv hJ t
l wGuf rD;&xm;oHvrf;uvJ acgif;tH;k tdyvf Ykd redrrhf j rifh oifah wmf½jkH zpf
aew,f? w0ke;f 0ke;f jrnfvmwJh &xm;BuD;teD;a&muf vmwmvJ rEd;k bl;? acgif;wGu J
OMoqGw J mvJ rEd;k bl;qdak wmh &wm;BuD;u eif;oGm;rSmyJ/
'Domoemh&yd o f mrSm a&mufaeMuwJh a,m*DawGxrJ mS 'Davmuf tdyw f wfwhJ

a,m*Dygae,if 'Davmuftyd v f Ykd awmh rjzpfb;l ? bmûyvdYk vqJ akd wmh a,m*Dy&dowfawG
eJY oifah vsmfwhJ pnf;rsOf;awGu ½Sad ew,f? eHeuf 4-em&DxNyD; bk&m;0wfwuf 0wf
uyfûy&r,fh yk*Kd¾ vfawGvJ ygw,f? tm;xkwq f jJ zpfwhJ a,m*DawGq, kd if owfrw S x
f m;
wJh tcsed t
f wdik ;f ur®|mef;ppfar;&mXme ur®|mem p&d,xH oGm;a&muft ppfc&H w,f?
'Dvkd pnf;rsOf;Oya'awGu ½Sad ew,f? 'gaMumifh 'D&yd o f mrSmvmNyD; tdycf sifwikd ;f tdyaf e
vdYk rjzpfb;l /
4/ o*FPdum&mrwm
o*FPu d m&mrwmqdw k m taygif;tazmfü arGYavsmfwwfwm[mvJ tvkyyf suf

jcif;&JY taMumif;wckygyJ? taygif;tazmfeYJ om ae &r,fq, kd if aysmaf ewwfw,f? oGm;
vJ taygif;tazmfeYJ rS oGm;csifw,f? pm;vJ taygif;tazmfeYJ rS pm;csifw,f? aevJ
taygif;tazmfeYJ aecsifw,f? wa,mufwnf; ae&xdik &f ,if olu ysif;&dNiD;aiGYwwf
w,f? 'Dvt kd aygif;tazmfeYJ arGYavsmfwwf wm[mvJ 0dyóemtvkyu f kd vkyaf ewJh
a,m*DawGeYJ arGYavsmfwwf wm[mvJ 0dyóemtvkyu f kd vkyaf ewJh a,m*DawGeYJ q, kd if
qefYusifaeygw,f? 'gaMumifh tvsifutaygif;tazmfeYJ arGavsmf avh½adS wmifrS w&m;
tm;xkwzf Ykd &dyof ma&mufaewJt h cgrSm taygif;tazmfawGukd cGga½Smifxm;Mu&r,f?
'grSvw J &m;udk wGiw
f iG u
f s,fus,f tm;xkwEf ikd rf mS yJ/
5/ oHo*¾g&mrwm
oHo*¾g&mrwm a&maESmjcif;ü arGYavsmf wwfwm[mvJ ae&muswu hJ pd rö [kwf

bl;? &[ef;qdw k m &[ef;ae&mrSm aewmyJ aumif;w,f? vlqw kd m vlYae&maewmyJ
aumif;w,f? vlrmS vJ a,musmf ;[m a,musmf ;ae&mrSm aewmyJaumif;w,f? rde;f r qdk
wm rde;f rae&mrSm aewmyJaumif;w,f? 'Dvu kd ,
kd ahf e&m rSmud, k rf aeMuyJ a&maESmr,f
qd,k ,if wOD;eJYwOD; t½dt k aowefwwfMuw,f? 'Dvt kd ½dtk aowef,if olawmf
aumif; ynm½Sw d Ykd jrifwhJ tcgrSm uJ&h YJ p&mjzpfr,f? olawmfaumif;ynm½Sw d Ykd uJ&h YJ whJ
tvkyq f w kd m avmujypfç "r®j ypfç ESprf sdK;wdYk wiG f wrsdK;rsdK;jzpfaevdYk ½S, d ifvjJ zpfr,f?
ESprf sKd ;vH;k jzpfaevdYk ,ifvjJ zpfr,f? taMumif;rJh uJ&h YJ wmawmhr[kwb f ;l ? 'gaMumifh 'DrmS
tm;xkwaf eMuwJh a,m*D awG[m 'Dvakd &maESmjcif;rsdK;udv k J a½SmifMuOf&r,f/
6/ yyOöm&mrwm
yyOöm&mrwm tus,fcsJYwwfw,fqw kd hJ oabmuvJ½adS o;w,f? pm;0wf

aea&;awGraS ygh? oifw h ifo
h avmufeYJ rNyD;yJ tydak wGcsJYxiG w f wfwhJ oabmrsdK;ygyJ?
pm;wJah e&mrSmqd, k if 'umç 'umr awG uyfvw ª mavmufeYJ tm;r&bl;? qm;,lcyhJ g
tHk;ç qD,lcJhygtHk;ç 'D[if;udk aEG;vdkufygtHk; pwJh csJYxiG rf rI sdK;awG jzpfygw,f? 0wfa&;
qd,k ifvJ 0wfavmuf½½kH , dS if NyD;wmygyJ? 'gayr,fh rNyD;ao;yJ wxnfu ESpx f nfç
ESpxf nfu oH;k xnf½adS tmif csJYxiG w f wfw,f? ydwo f uFe;f ½Sv
d sufeYJ wufx½Gef
ouFe;f ç wufx½Geo f uFe;f ½Sjd yefawmh azmhc&pfouFe;f ç 'Dvykd gyJ? ½Sw
d meJY rNyD;yJ t0wf
rSmvJ csJYxiG wf wfMuw,f? aewJah e&mrSm 'Dtwdik ;f yJaeavmufç tdyaf vmuf oifw h if½h kH
½S,
d ifrNyD;ao;bl;? ae&mcsxm;a&;Xmeu csxm;wJah e&mwGif raecsiaf o;bl;? 'Dae&m
rSqNkd yD;awmh ae&mtwGuef YJ vJ csJYxiG w f wfMuao;w,f? 'guyk*Kd¾ vfwikd ;f awmh r[kwf
bl;? 'DtxJ 'Dvckd sJYxiG w f wfMuwmvJ ½Sad o;w,fvYkd ajymoHMum;zl;wmygyJ? 'Dvckd sJYxiG f
wwfwmrsKd ;udv k J a,m*DwOD;taeeJY rcsYJ xiG o f ifyh J a½SmifMuOf&r,f? bmaMumifv h qJ kd
awmh 0dyóem½Irw S wf hJ a,m*DwOD;taeeJY ravsmfyJ oEÅK|D oav’c w&m;eJY jynfph akH p
&w,f/
aeaumif;aoaumif;
tcsKyfuawmh a,m*Dç &[ef;ç ½Siçf vlqw kd m arGYavsmfjcif; 6-yg;udka½Smif

MuOfMu&w,f? 'DarYavsmjf cif; 6-yg;[m a,m*DwYkd tm;xkwaf ewJh 0dyóemw&m;&JY
tEÅ&m,fawG jzpfw,f? a,m*D yk*Kd¾ vfawGomr[kwb f ;l ? a,m*Dr[kww f hJ yk*Kd¾ vfawGvJ
'DarGYavsmfrI 6-yg;udk a½SmifMuOfMu&eftwGuf t*Fw k &å ygVd quúeyd gwf b'úokwrf mS
a[mMum;xm;ygw,f? jrwfpmG bk&m;u 'DarGYavsmrf rI sKd ;awGeYJ arGYavsmaf e,ifaeaumif;
aoaumif;rjzpfb;l wJ?h 'DarGYavsmrf aI wGukd a½SmifMuOfrS aeaumif; aoaumif;jzpfw,f
vdYk a[mMum;xm;ygw,f? 'Dawmh aeaumif; aoaumif;jzpf½o kH mru rdrw d Ykd tm;xkwf
vdvk m;aeMuwJh w&m;xl; w&m;jrwfuykd g toD;oD; &½Scd pH m;Edik Mf uap&ef arGYavsmfrI
6-yg;udk a½SmifMuOfusifh oH;k Edik Mf uygap/
tEk½lyg, Mo0g'-uxm,yd ok"wD rd m?

orÜwmå , y&dom,ç oaEÅmo,d okZm wdrm/
t|ynmowdrydkif;
0gusm0,00PÖemusrf; trSmpum; a&;om;csD;jr§ifhawmfrljcif;
aus;Zl;½Sif r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf uxm0w¬K tEk#u D mvm Esmookwrå , S í

l jyqdok nfh ed*[
¾
Xme 22 -yg;udk awGY½adS v&m ,if;ed*[
¾ Xme 22 -yg;udk tvG,w f ulod ½S&d ef usrf;pmwapmif ay:xGe;f &ef &nfoefí
bmoEÅ&wdYk ü uRrf;usifonfh t½Sio f vD meE´mbd0o
H tm; wdu
k w
f eG ;f cJah vonf? t½Sio f vD meE´mbd0o H onf 0gusm0
,00PÖem usrf;trnfjzifh a&;om;pD&ifc&hJ m 1340 -jynfEh pS u
f pmtkyt f jzpfoYkd a&muf½cdS ahJ vonf? ,if;usrf;rSm
ua&mif; 16 -csdK; pmrsuEf mS 168 -½Sad vonf? q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;onf rdrw d u kd w
f eG ;f ojzifh a&;om;ûytyfaom
0gusm0,00PÖemusrf; usrf;OD;ü atmufygtwdik ;f trSmpum; a&;om;csD;jr§iahf wmfrcl ahJ vonf/
0gusm0,00PÖemusrf; trSmpum;
þusrf;jzpfay:jcif;\ taMumif;rSm bkef ;BuD;onf 0do'k rd¨ *fr[m#Dumudk ydYk cspOf ,if; \ edó,udk ûypkpOf
umvu 0pem0,0wdYk EiS hf pyfqikd af om a0g[m& teuft"dygÜ ,fwYkd ukd okwvdv k m;aom ygVdusrf;*efwwf yk*Kd¾ vfwYkd
tm; tvG,w f ul odem;vnfapvdak om pdwq f E´jyif;jypGm jzpfcyhJ gonf? xdYk jyif uxm0w¬Kteufp[ k k q&mt pOf
quf ajymavh½adS om pum;t& uxm0w¬KtEk#u D mü tb,ftydik ;f udk taMumif;ûyí tEk#u D mudk todcufonf[k
ajymprSwûf yMuygoenf;[k qifjcifum tEk#u D mudk avhvmMunfch &hJ m (Esmookwrå , S í l jyqdx k m;aom) ed*[ ¾ |me
22-yg;udk awGY&ygonf/ ,if; 22 -yg;rSm tvGeyf if todcufygonf? Esm,o w k q å ikd &f m usr;f rsm;udk ravhvmyJ
teufreS rf eS f jyefqakd zmfjy&efyif tvGecf ufygonf/ okYd jzpfí xdek *d [ ¾ |me 22 -yg;udv k nf; tvG,w f ul odem;vnf
aeapvdak om pdwq f E´ jyif;jypGm jzpfcyhJ gonf/
xdpk w
d qf E´\ wdu k wf eG ;f csutf & oifah vsmaf om usr;f wckûypk&ef BuHrad o mtcg rdru d , kd wf ikd f ûypkjcif;xuf
t½Sio f v
D meE´mbd0o H tm; ûypk&ef awmif;yefwu kd w
f eG ;f jcif;u ydrk í
kd jynfph ckH ikd vf akH omtm;jzifh txl;yif aus;Zl;rsm;
vdrrhf nf[k ajrmfjrifrad omaMumifh xdt k ½Sitf m; a&;om;ûypk&ef awmif;yefwu kd w f eG ;f cJyh gonf? xdw k ukd w f eG ;f csuft&
tm;jzifh t½Sio f vD meE´mbD0o H onf 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om pdwq f E´xufoefpmG jzifh oufqikd &f musr;f rsm;rS azmfjyoifh
aom tcsuftvuf[o l rQudk vdak vao;r½Sad tmif tjynft h pHk azmfjyí þ0gusm0,00PÖemusrf;udk ûypkcahJ yonf?
1333-ckEpS f e,kev f jynfah eYuyif NyD;pD;cJah omfvnf; tppt&m&m t aMumif;rnDnw G o
f jzifh ,ckryS if yHEk ydS jf zefYa0&ef
pDr&H ygonf/
0gusm0,0 [lonfrmS cdik v f akH omusrf;*efpum;&yfwikd ;f ü xdu k o

f nf tm;avsmfpmG yg0ifoifah om tpdwf
tydik ;f rsm;jzpfygonf? odYk jzpfí ,if;0gusm0,0wdYk ukd usrf;*efA[kow k jynf0h olwikd ;f tajctjrpf ESiw
hf uG odem;
vnfxm;oifyfh gonf? txl;tm;jzifh 0do'k rd¨ *fr[m#Dumü vnf;aumif;? o'éw D o
d w
k rå mvmü vnf;aumif;? o'´w¬
abm'pdEmÅ usr;f ponfwYkdüvnf;aumif; ,if;0gusm0,0wdYk ukd jyqdx k m;aomaMumifh ,if;wdYk ukd Esm,usr;f &if;rsm;
ESiw
hf uG ES;D aESmí wdusrSeu f efaom teuft"dymÜ ,fukd ydik yf ikd Ef ikd Ef ikd f odem;vnfxm;zdYk vdv k yS gonf/
xdYk jyif uxm0w¬Kusr;f rSpí ed*[ ¾ ûyyHw

k Ykdukd jyqdx
k m;aomaMumifh Esm,okwrå S ,laqmifí tEk#u D mü
jyxm;aom ed*[ ¾ XmewdYk uv
kd nf; tbd"r®musr;f wwf yk*Kd¾ vfwikd ;f wdusreS u
f efpmG odem;vnfxm;zdYk vkd ygonf? xdYk
aMumifh ,if;odYk odem;vnfoifah om ed*[ ¾ XmewdYk ukd ESm (97) rSpí tus,fjyqdx k m;onf rSm vdv
k m;olwYkd twGuf
0rf;ajrmufz, G af umif;vSygonf/
xdwk iG f tyw¬u (torÁEE¨ )¬ ed*[¾ Xmeqdik &f m 'o'gVdrmed paom yHpk w H Ykdü 0do'k rd¨ *fr[m#Dum edó,wGif
0daooeyk'\ f teufukd twdtusrjyyJ vd&k if;teufuo kd m jyaomtm;jzifh ('o 'gVdrmed -ovJo;D q,fv;kH wdYk )
[k jyefxm;csufukd azmfjyNyD;vQif edó,teuf twdtuswdYk uv kd nf; a½SYem;wGif azmfjyxm;cJo h nfrmS twdtus
teufvv kd m; olwYkd twGuf aus;Zl;rsm;zG,f ½dyS gonf/ (ESm -119 ponf)
qVylyg[laom ygXfwiG f ygVdusrf;wdYk ü xif½mS ;aom ylyg[laom yk'jf zifyh if r[m#Dumedó,ü azmfjyxm;
onf? xdtk &mwGivf nf; qtylyg[k twdtus azmfjyxm;aom yOöu d medó, ponfwYkd ukd xkwjf yxm;onfrmS
vnf; rl&if;udk twdtus odvokd w
l Ykd twGuf tusdK;rsm;zG,½f ydS gonf/ (ES m-122)
yvvyda@myk'\
f teufukd pdppfjyqdx
k m;onfrmS vnf; rSwo
f m;zG,af umif;ygayonf/ (ESm -123)
]]£rmed,m ay,sH}} [k ½So d if&h mü ]]ukrm&DeH ay,sH}} [k r[m#Dum edó,ü jyxm;onfrmS pm½du k uf ;l &mü
rSm;oGm;[ef½Sdygonf? xdkygXfteufudkvnf; xkwfjyí { u0kpf A[k0pk f rluaJG eaomfvnf; ta&;rBuD;[k qH;k jzwfcsuf
cs Zxm;onf? A[k0pk Ef iS hf ½Sad omfvnf; tyw¬utjzpf rysufaomaMumifh ta&;rBuD;[k qdv k ykd gonf? odYk aomf
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k rl sm;twGuf aus;Zl;rsm;zG,½f ydS gayonf/ (ES m-
124)
r[m#Dum edó,ü ]]wó m-xdrk ed ;f r\? ydwm -tbonf/ ywdoaD vm -t½Sifoabm½Sd\? 0g -vlBuD;ay
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<uvmjcif;twGuf vGepf mG 0rf;ajrmufawmfro l nf? r[mpnfq&mawmftm; cs;D usL;pum; >rufMum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf?
r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf wnfaq mufawmfrcl o hJ nfh omoemh&yd o
f modYk vnf; &Hcg<ua&muf cs;D ajrmufawmf
rlcahJ vonf? pifppfwrlum; r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf ynm½Sit f aygif;wdYk ESpaf xmif;0rf;om axmrem
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r[mpnfax&auwkyçd 0dZ,m&mrauwkem?
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Ü aw¬m ok|K 0dñk -yÜoaw¬e ok"D rwm/
r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;ESifh tbd"Zr[m&|*k½k
yckuúL q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; t½SifokE´&r[max&f
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r[mokcw d m&mr owdy|mefwu kd f "r®m½Hw
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f wBudrt f m;jzifh
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r[mpnfomoemh&yd o f mzGiyhf JG udpjö zpfavonf? xdpk Ofu 'DCedum,fygVdawmfç t|uxmedó,ponfh usrf;aygif;
rsm;pGmwdYk ukd ûypD&ifawmfrcl o
hJ nfh t*¾r[my@dw q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; t½Sief E´0o H r[max&fç t*¾r[my@dw
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<uawmfrpl Ofuvnf; q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; t*¾r[my@dwç tbd"Zr[m&|*k½k bGYJ wq H yd af wmf& q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;
t½Sio f Ek &´ r[max&ftm; <ua&mufz;l ajrmfawmfrcl ahJ vonf? t½Sio f Ek &´ q&mawmfb &k m;BuD;uvnf; r[mpnf
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;tm; rsm;pGmav;jrwfonf? 1319 -ckEpS f wefaqmifrek ;f vwGif &efuek ûf rdY ajcmufxyfBuD;
bk&m;BuD;wdu k f q&mawmf t½Siaf um@n ysv H eG af wmfrpl Ofu &efuek ûf rdY ajcmufxyfBuD; bk&m;BuD;wdu k <f uvm&m n
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avonf? ¤if;jyif 1321 -ckEpS w f iG f q&mawmf t½Sio f Ek &´ q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; &efuek ûf rdY urÇmat; ZrÁL'Dyausmif;
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BuD;u r[mpnfq&mawmf odyaf wmfw,f? olwYkdaMumifh q|o*Fg,emBuD; tppt&m&m jynfjh ynfph pkH jkH zpfw,f
ponfjzifh rMumrMum csD;usL;awmfral vh½o dS nf/
ukawm r[mpnfoEk a´ &mç okEa´ &e ok"rD wm?

okE&´ H udpHö edó,ç okEa´ & Ak'o
¨ moae/
tbd"Zr[m&|*k½k rpdk;&drfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;
t½Sifol&d,mbd0HoESifh r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;
r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf q|o*Fg,em r[ mem,u t*¾r[my@dwç tbd"Zr[m&|*k½k rpd;k &drf

q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;xH &Hcg<ua&mufí zl;ajrmfawmfro l nf? omoema&;udprö sm; aqG;aEG;awmfro l nf? txl;ojzifh
q|o*Fg,emwifpOfu rMumrMum awGYqzkH ;l ajrmfawmfro l nf? 1336 -ckEpS f jymodv
k uG,af eYuvnf; r[mpnf
q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;onf anm ifuef t½Si£ f Eú tp½Sad om wynfrh sm;ESihf twl pmtkypf mwef;ponfh ypön;f 0w¬K
rsKd ;pHk uyfvyª al Zmf&ef q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; oDwif;oH;k &m wm0gvde;f NcHtrSwf 30 -ywåjrm;NcH pHausmif;odYk <ua&muf
awmfrf cl ahJ vonf/
r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;tm; rsm;pGmcsD;usL;
rpd;k &drq
f &mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf r[mpnfq&mawmftm; rsm;pGmcs;D usL;awmfro l nf? r[mpnf q&mawmf
bk&m;BuD;\ jynfwiG ;f jynfy omoemûyvkyif ef;atmifjrifrI tHMh ocs;D usL; oHxu
G x
f ;l onfh aus;Zl;*kPo
f wif;udk
rsm;pGm0rf;ajrmufawmfro l nf? 1331 -ckEpS f uqkev
f xJwiG f r[mpnf q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; trdeYf t& anmifuef t½Sif
£Eú0do'k rd¨ *fr[m#Dumedó,BuD;rsm; oGm;a&mufvpª Ofu rpd;k &drqf &mawmf bk&m;BuD;u-
]]r[mpnfq&mawmfu wdYk rsm;xufÓPfomw,f? wdYk rsm;rjrifwphJ mrSm;ç ayrSm;rsm;udk jrifatmif MunfEh ikd f
w,f? t½SiftEk½k'¨gwdkYç #D umausmfq&m t½Sio f rk *FvmomrdwYkd ç tjcm;usrf;ûyq&mawmfwYkd rjrifwhJ trSm;rsm;udk
awmif jrifatmifMunfEh ikd w f ,f? oû*Ø[u f r®|mef;ydik ;f 'd|0d od 'k t
d̈ cef;rSm emrfç ½kyw
f Ykd ukd vu©Pç &oç ypöKy|mefç
y'|mefjzifh ydik ;f jcm;od&rnfq&kd m y'|mefukd 'd|0d o
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olurkd ajymeJY wef;wly*k Kd¾ vfuakd wmif awGY&zdYk rvG,b f ;l ? r[mpnfq&mawmf&YJ pGr;f &nfowåu d o
kd v
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f eG ;f &w,f}} ponfjzifh csD;ajr§muf rdeYf Mum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf/
rpd;k &drrf [maxa&eç x0dawm ax&ukOaÆ &m?

r[mpnfu0dy*k aF 0gç "k&'Ga, 0dom&a'g/
r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;ESifh awmifykvkq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;
rdwv
d¬ m awmifyv
k q k &mawmfb&k m;BuD;ESihf &efuek ûf rdY omoemh&yd o
f m aus;Zl;½Sif r[mpnf q&mawmfb&k m;
BuD;wdYk \ oDv½Sod nfç orm"d½o dS nfç ynm½So d nf[al om *kPaf wmfajymqdo k çH csD;usL;oHwYkd uu
kd m; aemiftem*wf
ESp&f m axmifrsm;pGm wnf½vdS rTG ;f rd;k wufaeOD;rnf jzpfayonf /
ouú&mZf 1329 -ckEpS f wefc;l vqef; 8-&ufaeY eHeuf 8-em&D rdepf 30 -tcsed w f iG f awmifyv k q
k &mawmf
bk&m;BuD;onf r[mpnfq&mawmf bk&m;BuD; oDwif;oH;k awmfr&l m omoemh&yd o f m zvf,Of"r®m½HBk uD;odYk êudwifprD H
xm;onft h wdik ;f <ua&mufawmfrv
l mNyD; rax&fjrwfBuD; \ ae&mwGif xdik af eawmfryl gonf? r[mpnfq&mawmf
bk&m;BuD;vnf; <ua&mufawmfrv l mum vuftyk cf sD 0wfûyawmfral vonf/
¤if;aemuf r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u csO;f uyfa&muf½v dS mMuaom a,m*Drsm;tm; awmifyv k q

k &m
awmfb&k m;BuD;udk uefawmhapawmfryl gonf? awmifyv k q k &mawmf bk&m;BuD;u r*fç zdv
k çf edAmÁ efukd ,ckb0yif rsuf
arSmufûyEdik af tmif owdy|mefw&m;av;yg;udk êud;pm;tm;xkwEf ikd Mf uygap[k qkay;awmfro l nf? ¤if;aemuf o&P*Hk
ay;aeustwdik ;f ]]tZÆ tm'ð uwGm t[H twåmeH Ak'ó ¨ ed,smawrd}} ponfjzifh o&P*Hak y;awmfro l nf? r[mpnf
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u êuHêuduw f thJ cg a,m*Drsm;tm; Mo0g'ay;yg&ef avQmufxm;jyefav&m ]]o&P*HEk iS hf pyfaom
w&m;pum;rsm; a[mMum;awmfrNl yD; a,m*DwYkdu q&maumif; wynfah wGyJ txl;Mo0g'ay;p&mrvdk q&morm;ay;
wJh w&m;twdik ;f êud;pm;tm;xkwMf uyg}} [k rdeYf awmfral vonf/
awmifyvk qk &mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf oDwif;oH;k &m a'gufwm qmum;tdro f Ykd qufvuf<uawmfro

l nf?
aemuf&ufrMumrD r*FvmOD;atmifjrifth m; r[mpnfq&mawmfyifah y;yg&ef rdeYf Mum;ojzifh &uftenf;i,ftuGm
r*FvmOD;atmifjrifo
h nf r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;udk yifí h awmifyvk q
k &mawmf bk&m;BuD; xH oGm;a&mufcahJ v
onf? q&mawmfBuD; ESpyf g;onf wHcg;ydwí f aqG;aEG;awmfrMl uonf/
aqG;aEG;NyD;í r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf um;jzifh &dyo f modYk jyef<uawmfrvl m&m twlygvmaom

r*FvmOD;atmifjrifuh q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;tm; awmifyv k qk &mawmfb&k m;BuD;udk &[ef;ç ½ iS çf vltrsm;u &[EÅmvdYk
xifaeMuygw,f[k avQmufxm;av&m r[mpnfq&mawmf bk&m;BuD;u bk&m;qkyef yk*Kd¾ vfBuD;ygyJ[k rdeYf awmfrl
avonf? aemufrMumrD wefc;l vqkwf 1-&ufaeYwiG f r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf atmufygpmudk r*FvmOD;
atmifjrift
h m; awmifyv k q
k &mawmfb&k m;xH tydYk c ikd ;f awmfral vonf/
aewådygVd pmrsufESm 143
,H wH avmukw&å H ÓPHç oAÁñl a,e 0kpw

ö ?d
e wó y&d[med ew¬çd oAÁumav y0wåw/d
,H wH ÓPH -(avmuD avmukw&å m w&m;tvH;k pHu k o

kd ad om) tMuifÓPfonf? avmukw&å H -avmuudk
(odaomtm;jzifh vTr;f rd;k ) ausmv
f eG o
f nf? a[mwd -jzpf\? a,e -,if;tvH;k pHu k kd odaomÓPfaMumif?h wxm*awm -
jrwfpmG bk&m;ud?k oAÁñl -tvH;k pHu k kd odawmfro l nf[íl ? 0kpw
ö d -ac:qdktyf\? wó -xdt k vH;k pku
H o
kd ad om xdk
oAÁñw k ÓPfawmf\ y&d[med -qkw, f w k jf cif;onf? ewåd -r½Sad y? wH -xdo k AÁñw k ÓPfawmfonf? oAÁumav -
tcgcyford ;f ü? y0wåwd-(qifjcifawmfrw l ikd ;f ) jzpfay:\/
aewådt|uxm pmrsufESm 252
,H wH avmukw&å H ÓPEÅd oAÁH avmuH Owå&w

d mG tbdb0dwmG Xdwwåm
0kw?Hå e ye avmukw&å blru d wåm? oAÁavmau y0wåww D d tm0ZÆey#dA'¨wmå 0kw?Hå
e owwH ordwH y0w¬ wDw/d e [d oAÁñw k ÓPH b*0awm oAÁoð® a,0
umav OyÜZw Æ wD d ouúm 0wåKEÅ/d
,H wH avmukw&å H ÓPH -[laom pum;udk tvH;k pHak om avmuudk ausmfveG í f vTr;f rd;k í wnfonf \
tjzpfaMumifh qdt k yfayonf? (r*fzv
kd f edAmÁ efuo
hJ Ykd) avmukw&å mbHük twGi;f 0ifonf \ tjzpfaMu mifh qdt k yfonf
um; r[kwaf y? oAÁumav y0wåw[ d al om pum;udv k nf; qifjcifjcif;ESihf pyfaom jzpfjcif;½So d nf \ tjzpfaMumifh
(qifjcifwikd ;f jzpfwwfaomaMumif)h qdt k yfayonf? (rdepfpuúeYf rjcm;) tcgcyford ;f tNrJwrf; jzpfaeonf[al om
þtaMumif;aMumifh qdt k yfonfum; r[kwaf y? taMumif;rlum; oAÁñw k ÓPfawmfonf jrwfpmG bk&m;rSm rdepf
puúeYf rjcm; tcgcyford ;f omvQif rjywfjzpfonf[q k &kd ef rpGr;f Edik yf g(rqdEk ikd yf g) þum; taMumif;aywnf;/
(|-jrefrmjyef)
txufyg aewåyd gVd*gxmudk edum,fBuD;av;&yf ygVdawmfwYkd ü rawGY&yg/
t½Sifaombe
r[mpnfq&mawmf
omoemh&yd o
f m &efuek /f
1329-ck
OD;wefc;l vqkwf 1-&uf/
awmifyv
k q
k &mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ESihf awGY&onft
h wGuf rsm;pGmtusdK;½Syd g
onf? r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD; twGuvf nf; rsm;pGmtusdK;½Syd gonf/
awmifyv
k ax&tm'dapöç r[mpnfax&pE´rd m?
Oabm omoeacwavç aombemwd0 ygu#m/
owåowdrydkif;
r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;ESifh a½TapwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;
t*¾r[my@dw bGYJ wq H yd af wm &f ppfuikd ;f awmif½;kd a½TapwD omoemh&yd of m q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onfvnf;

r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;tm; rsm;pGmMunfñakd v;pm;awmfro l nf? a½TapwDq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf r[mpnf
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0dyóem½Ienf;usrf;BuD;udk ppfuikd ;f ûrdYe,f ½GmopfBuD;½Gm ppfuikd ;f rS ajymif;a½TYvmaom jroef;yHEk ydS w f ukd üf BuD;Muyfí
yHEk ydS af pawmfrcl ahJ vonf? r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD; \ tw¬um© ,D 'V§rD w d å yk*Kd¾ vfjrwfjzpfawmfro l nf? a½TapwD
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD; \ 0dyóem½Ienf; usrf;BuD;udk ]]a,m tyÜrma'gtrwó
a0 y'H}} tp½Sdaom 7-*gxmygXfeó d ,jzifh csD;usL;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? (1 -4-79) aeYu aus;Zl;½Sif r[mpnf
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; urÇmYomoemûy <uawmfrpl Ofu &efuek rf *Fvm'Hak vqdyt f xd vdu k yf gydYk aqmif EIwcf eG ;f pum;
>rufMum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? þpmûyolonf &Hcg a½TapwDq&mawmf bk&m;BuD;ESihf awGYygonf? awGYwt hJ cg r[mpnf
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;taMumif; pyfrv d Qif ]]armifauvm r[mpnfu bmrSvakd vao;r½Sd pmwwfwm? taetxdik u f
vJ bmrS qdpk &mr½Sb d ;l }} ponf jzifh 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om rdeYf Mum;awmfryl gonf? a½Tapw q D &mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf-
avmau {au yoD'EÅçd y&udapö 0daooawm?

aupd wMw Oók,sEÅçd obma0g 'k&wduaú rm/
[lonfEiS t hf nD r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD; vkyif ef;[lorQukd Munfvif½iT yf s aomreójzpfawmfro
l nfh
olawmfaumif; yk*Kd¾ vfjzpfawmfral vo nf? ¤if;jyif a½TapwDq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf r[mpnf q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;
pkwu
d r®Z½kyf csKyfawmfrNl yD;aemuf zGYJ pnf;tyfaom r[mpnf omoemh&yd o
f mrsm; em,utzGYJ \ oufawmf0gawmf
tBuD;qH;k Mo0g'gp&d, q&mawmfBuD;vnf; jzpfawmfro l nf/
a½TapwDax&t*¾anmç t*¾an r[mpnf0 aS ,?

0dóaw¬m wD0yoaEémç oaEÅ oyÜK&daom [d a0/
oD&dvuFmEdkifiH q&mawmf t½SiftmeE´marawå,s
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d uFmEdik if H 0daZÆm',wuúov kd üf ygarmu©tjzpfjzifh wm0efxrf;aqmifawmfrcl ahJ om t*¾r[my@dwç
oD[Vkd u
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awmfrcl ahJ vonf? þpmûyol oD[Vkd u f Ref; (oD&vd uFm)ü aepOfu rMumrMum t½Sit f meE´marwå,sESihf qHak wGYryd g
onf? wcgwGif r[mpnfq&mawmftaMumif; pyfr&d m-
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f Ykd &YJ jrefrmjynfrmS r[mpnfq&mawmf[m 0denf;odum© yk'wf Ykd ü av;pm;onf? t|uxm#Dum
ESifhwuG yd#u 3 -yHk ygVdawmfaqmif yk*Kd¾ vfyg? ygVdt|uxm#Dumrsm;ü ar;vdu k vf Qif cPcsif;ajzEdik w
f ,f}} ponf
jzifh rdeYf Mum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf/
q&mawmf t½Sit f meE´marawå,sonf &efuek ûf rdY r[mpnfomoemh&yd of mü r[mpnfq&mawmf bk&m;BuD;

xH w&m;tm;xkwzf ;l onf? tif'ekd ;D ½Sm; omoem ûy<upOf tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;ü awGYqíkH twlwl omoem ûyawmfrcl ahJ v
onf? oD[Vkd u f Re;f (oD&vd uFm) r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD; <ua&mufpOf rdro d w D if;oH;k &m AmvHa*g"odYk yifí
h
*kPûf yylaZmfawmfrcl ahJ vonf? ¤if;jyif oD[Vkd u
f srf;ûytausmf t*¾r[my@dwç 0dZmÆ vuFm& wuúov kd yf garmu© t½S if
Ak''¨ wårax&fpaom ynm½Siw f Ykd uvnf; csD;usL;Muavonf/
0dñyl oaw¬e yoaw¬mç r[mpnf0ñ d u

l Ok aÆ &m?
oD&vd uFm,H 0dñ[
l çd ememow¬e,ñlw/d
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w,fvzD ek ;f quf taMumif;Mum;ay;Muonf? rMumrDyif uarÁm'D;,m;&[ef;awmfrsm; um;ESihf a&mufvmí omoem
ydik qf &mawmfBuD; oDwif;oH;k &m OPÖvakH usmif;wdu k o f Ykd yifah qmifomG ;Muavonf? qGr;f bkO;f ay;csderf aD o;í
omoemydik q f &mawmfBuD; ausmif;rSmyif q&mawmf 2-yg; qGr;f bkO;f ay;awmfrMl uonf/
uarÁm'D;,m;omoemydkifu vGefpGmauseyf
anmif&rf;q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ESihf r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;wdYk onf uarÁm'D;,m;omoemydik f q&mawmf

BuD;ESiw
hf uG awGYqNkH yD;aemuf xdq
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aqG;aEG;awmfrMl uavonf? uarÁm'D;,m; omoemydik q f &mawmfb&k m;BuD;u tvGeaf use yfaMumif;ç wwfEikd o
f rQ
ulnrD nfjzpfaMumif; rdeYfMum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? q&mawmfrsm; c&D;<u&usKd ;um; eyfayNyDwum;/
uarÁmZoHC&maZeç aw Oabm ax&ukOaÆ &m?

q|o*Ðwd um&PHç rEÅ,ð ok okrmeom/
"r®,kwådq&mawmfBuD;ESifh
2-EdkifiH omoemtaMumif; aqG;aEG;cJh
OPÖvakH usmif;wdu
k üf wnf;cdpk OfwaeYwiG f r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;onf "r®,w k *då P
kd ;f rS q&mawmfBuD;
wyg;xH <ua&mufawGYqkH zl;ajrmfawmfrcl ahJ vonf? anmif&rf;q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;um; omoemydik q f &mawmfb&k m;
BuD;ESihf pum;ajym,if; ae&pf awmfro l nf? "r®,w k q
då &mawmfBuD;xH a&mufaomtcg "r®,w k qdå &mawmfBuD;ESihf
ESpEf ikd if o
H moemtaMumif;udk aqG;aEG;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? "r®,w k q
då &mawmfBuD;um; ygVdvakd jymvdYk r&ojzifh
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då &mawmfBuD;udk uarÁm'D;,m;bmom
jzifh jyefvnfavQmuf&avonf/
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r[mpnfq&mawmfygayvdkY awmfawmhw,f[k csD;usL;
,if;"r®,w k q
då &mawmfBuD;xHrS jyefvnfjyefcíhJ OPÖvakH usmi ;f wdu
k o
f Ykd a&mufaomtcg omoemydik f
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ESihf anmif&rf;q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;wdYk tcufêuHvsuf½adS eonfukd awGY&avonf? oufawmf½n S f
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&m omoemydik f q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; em;rvnfjzpfaeavonf? þtcdu k wf iG f r[mpnfq&mawmfa&mufvmojzifh
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cs;D usL;rdeYf Mum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;um; omoemh&yd f omü oD[Vkd f (oD&v d uFm)ç ,d;k ',m;
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onf? odYk jzpfí ygVdpum;udk b,fEikd if jH cm;om;ESijhf zpfjzpf em;vnfatmif ajymqdEk ikd af vonf/
ygVdbmom, aum0da'gç tEkaem y&dyla&m[d acg?

r[mpnfax&yk*aF 0gç ar"m0D *Pem,aum/
tHaum0yfausmif;awmfBuD; oGm;a&mufMunfh½I
omoemydik q f &mawmfBuD;ESihf o*Fg,emudprö sm;tygt0if omoema&;udprö sm; aqG;aEG;awmfrNl yD; q&mawmf

wdYk onf zEGr;f yifûrdYawmfr S rdik f 150 -cefYa0;uGmaom tHaum0yfurÇmausmf ausmif;awmfBuD;odYk oGm;a&mufvn S yhf wf
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AD,uferf0od ,H *EÉmç qdu

k *f ykH ak & raem&ar?
y&dwåH aw bPdwGmeç yóeH £u©eH u½Hk/
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aygufvmonfh omoe0k'u d¨ mrdç omoepd&|dwu
d mrd yk*Kd¾ vfjrwfBuD; jzpfawmfryl gayonf/
A[leH aom [dww¬m,ç r[maxa&m orkA0Ç ?d

omoeó 0k'd̈umrdç Xdwu
d mrd r[mok"/D
yOöowåwdrydkif;
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pif vlBuD;rif;rsm;onf q|o*Fg,emwif 0wfa qmiftzGYJ 0if q&mawmfrsm;xH vma&mufí q&mawmf t½Sio f jl rwf
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l nfh yk*Kd¾ vfjrwfjzpfawmfral vonf/
r[mpnfax&yk*aF 0gç omoaea"m&a,Sm 0d'gG ?

omoEkaZÆmwum armaomç umrHtapä&yk*a¾ vm/
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a,mp oDv0wH *aE¨mç 0gwd a'a0ok Owåarm/
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awmf t½SiÓ f PaygPduESihf t*Fvyd v f rl sdK; a'gufwm tD*a&[rfa[mif;qdo k w
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k odvmavonf/
r[mpnfax&oyÜanmç avmauyd twdygua#m?

y#dpo
ö Ek &´ H udEçHé okEa´ &[Dwrd medawm/
ur®|mep&d, q&mawmf 3-yg; apvTwfjcif;
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k w
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okwo f ifjcif;udpçö o*Ðwyd pk u
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odYk ud,
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apvTwaf wmfrcl haJ vonf/
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twl uReaf wmfonf umvuwåm;ûrdYoYkd 1955 -ck Zlvikd v f 21 -&ufaeY eHeuf 11 -em&Dcw JG iG f acsmarmpGm qdu k af &muf
í Ak'*¨ ,mç &mZû*d[çf emvE´ç Am&mPoDç rd*'g0keûf rdYrsm;odYk bk&m;zl;vSnv hf nfNyD; umvuwåm; ûrdYrS 1955 -ck
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f if;NyD; uRefawmfaemufrq S if;&m oD[Vkd t f wD;trIwrf sm;udk
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v 5-&ufaeYwiG f rpöuzf eG q f u
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Munfhí aemufwaeY Mo*kwfv 2 -&ufaeYeeH uf apmapmwGif rpöwm u½kPm&wfem \ pDpOfcsut f & q&mawmfrsm;
udyk ifí
h pG,af wmfêuwfukd zl;ajrmfygonf? rpöwmu½kPm&wfem tdrw f iG f eHeufqrG ;f uyf í aygVe½k0ûrdYoYkd xGuv f m
&m eHeuf 11 -em&D omomwGiaf &muf½í dS vrf;qHw k iG f wdik ;f rif;BuD; Government Agent ud, k pf m; aus;vuf
awm½Gm ûyjyifa&;Xme BuD;Muyfa&;rª; Mr. K.S. Herath ESihf Ak'b ¨ momtoif;tzGYJ rsm; ud, k pf m; aygvme½k0½S0d ½S?d
f rfbaD t toif;Ouú| qefpufyikd ½f iS f Mr.N.L. Wilmot ESihf tzGYJ 0ifvBl uD;rsm;u c&D;OD;êudûyí v,fawm½Sd
0dik t
tdro f pfwvH;k wGif q&mawmfrsm;tm; Mr. N.L. Wilmot u aeYqrG ;f qufuyfygonf? qGr;f pm;NyD;aemuf aygVe½k0
wGif a½S;a[mif;apwD ykx;kd rsm;udzk ;l a jrmfapí tEk&m"ûrdYoYkd c&D;qufxu G cf &hJ m Mo*kwvf 2 -&ufaeY nae 5-em&DcefY
wGif a&muf½ydS gonf? tEk&m"yl& jrefrm"r®omvmü wnf;cdyk gonf? wdik ;f rif;BuD; Government Agent u pDpOf
xm;í pm;aomufz, G &f mrsm; ydYk xm;ygonf? xdn k wGif r[mapwDEiS hf aAm"dyifwYkd tm ; zl;ajrmfMuygonf? aemufwaeY
Mo*kwv f 3-&ufaeYwiG f jrefrm"r®omvmü uyÜ, d r½Sí
d uReaf wmfu, kd wf ikd f q&mawmfrsm;tm; eHeufqrG ;f jyifqif
qufuyfNyD; q&mawmfrsm;tm; r[dew f avhEiS hf tEk&m"yl&ûrdY½dS bk&m;ykx;kd rsm;udk zl;ajrmfapygonf? uReaf wmfrvdu k f
yJ aps;odYk omG ;NyD; aeYqrG ;f twGuu f kd ud,
k w
f ikd cf sufûywfíuyfygonf? Government Agent uvnf; ¤if;tdrr f S
oD[Vkd qf rG ;f rsm;ydYk ygonf? aeYqrG ;f bkO;f ay;NyD; uE´ûD rdYoYkd jyefvmí jrefrm"r®omvmwGif q&mawmfrsm; wnf;cdyk g
onf? xdn k onf pG,af wmfvn S yhf aJG emufq;kH njzpfí tvGepf nfum ;ygonf? uRefawmht f m; ]]uGi;f pf}} [dw
k ,fwiG f
rpöwmu½kPm&wfemESihf orD;wdYk u *kPûf ynpmpm;yGjJ zifh {nfch yH gonf/
urÇmYA'k b
¨ mom omr*¾n D v D mcHwufa&mufaom ud, k pf m;vS,t f csKd YEiS hf jyefvnfawGYq&kH ygonf/aemufwaeY
Mo*kwv f 4-&ufaeYwiG f eHeufqrG ;f ESihf aeYqG rf;rsm;udk txl;jyifqifí rpöwmu½kPm&wfem \ tdrüf o'¨gw&m;
xufoefpmG uyfvyª gonf? uE´ûd rdYraS eYv,fwiG f xGuv f m&m udv k b H ûkd rdYoYkd nae 4-em&DwiG f jyefa&mufygonf?
a&mufa&mufcsi;f rpöuef pd u H mu q&mawmfrsm;tm; 0gqdo k uFe;f uyfv&ª ef pDpOfxm;ojzifh ulnjD yifqifay;ygonf?
xdkn 7-em&Dcw JG iG f rpöuef pd u H m \ tdrt f rd;k ay:½Sd bk&m;aqmifwiG f q&mawmfrsm;tm; rpöuef pd u H mESihf rdom;wpku
jrefrmjzpf AE¨KvwHqyd f yxrwef;pm; ouFe;f 'Gpd rkH sm;jzifv h nf;aumif;? 0gqdyk ef;rsm;jzifv h nf;aumif; vª'gef;ygonf?
jrefrmoHtrwfBuD;ESihf 0dyóemtoif;ol toif; om;w&mcefY wufa&mufí azsm&f nfjzifh {nfch yH gonf? q&mawmf
rsm;u y&dwo f wfa½SYwiG yf if 0gqdak wmfrMl uí q&mawmf OD;okZmwu 0dyóem tajccHw&m;udk a[mMum;&m Ak'¨
avmu owif;pmt,f'w D m jrefrmbke;f awmfBuD; OD;Zm*&u oD[Vfkd b f momjzifh jyefvnftrdeYf ½í dS jrefrmoHtrwf
BuD;u t*Fvyd b f momjzifh jyefajymjyygonf? tcrf;tem;udk om"kac:í n 8-em&Dcw JG iG f ½kyof rd ;f vduk yf gonf?
Mo*kwf 7-&ufaeY nae 5-em&DwiG f Kottawa &yf½Sd Mrs. S.L. De Fonseka \ Mathegoda ½SdaetdrfwGif
ur®|mef;&dyo f mzGiyhf JG tcrf;tem;udk usif;yí q&mawmfrsm;ESit hf wl uRefawmfyg wufa&mufygonf? a½S;OD;pGm
rpöuef pd uH m\tdrrf S q&mawmfrsm;ESihf uRefawmfonf 0dik t f rfbaD t XmecsKyfoYkd oHtrwfBuD; \um;jzifh nae 3-
em&DwiG f oGm;Muygonf? 0dik t f rfbaD twGif vlpNk yD; jrefrmq&mawmfrsm;ESit hf wl w&m;tm;xkwrf nfh a, m*Dy*k Kd¾ vf
&[ef;awmfrsm;tm; yifah qmifvmygonf? 13 -rdik cf efYa0;aom rpöuzf eG q f u D m \ O,smOfoYkd oGm;&m vrf;wavQmufü
5-ae&mwGif omoemhtvHrsm; pdu k xf Nl yD; ½Gmol½mG om;rsm;u aAsmuft;kd rsm; azmufí uefawmhMuygonf? rpöuf
zGeqf uD m\ O,smOf½&dS m Mathegoda ½Gmt0if 3-rdik cf efY½n S af om ½Gmvrf;rwavQmufwiG f ydwjf zLjzifûh yvkyx f m;
aom rkcOf ;D 50 -ausmfcefYpu kd x f í l vrf;reHab; 2-csufwiG f êud;rsm;wef;í tke;f vufrsm; csdwq f NJG yD; yef;ya'om
pdu
k xf m;aom wkid rf sm;pdu k xf í l omoemhtvHrsm; vTix hf m;ygonf? ½Gmt0ifwiG f ausmif;ol ausm if;om;rsm; 500 -
cefYu omoemhtvHrsm; udik af qmifvsuv f nf;aumif;? wHceG u f u k mú ;rsm; udik af qmifvsuv f nf;aumif; êudqMkd uyg
onf? oD[Vkd t f wD;trIwrf sm;jzifv h nf; wD;rIwêf udqMkd uygonf? ½Gmt0ifrS rpöuzf eG q f uD m \ NcHO,smOfta&muf
a½SYq;kH u omoemhtvHç ¤if;aemuf ausmif;ol aus mif;om;rsm; 500 -cefY ajcusiaf vQmufívnf;aumif;? aemufü
oD[Vkd t f wD;trIwrf sm;ç q&mawmfrsm;um;ESihf a,m*Dy*k Kd¾ vfrsm;ç vdu k yf Ykd Muol 0dyóembm0em toif;oltoif;om;
rsm; um;ponfjzifh pnfum;vSpmG yifah qmifMuygonf? vrf;eHab; 2-csufwiG f ½Gmol½mG om;rsm;u pDwef;&yfí
uefawmhMuygonf? rpöuzf eG q f uD m \ NcHt0a&mufvQif q&mawmfrsm;ESihf a,m*Dy*k Kd¾ vf bke;f awmfBuD;rsm;tm; um;
rsm;ay:rS qif;apí ajcusifyifah qmif&mwGif vrf;ay:ü ydwjf zLcif;NyD; ydwjf zLAdwmefr;kd í yifah qmifMuygonf? rpöuf
zGeqf uD m\ tdraf ½SY½jdS rufcif;ay:wGif t0wfx;D BuD ;rd;k í q&mawmfrsm;twGuf ukvm;xdik jf zifh ae&mcsxm;ygonf?
tcrf;tem;rª;tjzpf 0dyóemtoif; tusdK;aqmif rpöwmtab;qGe;f '&Ju aqmif½u G í f obmywdtjzpf a'gufwm
0ZD&mÓPu aqmif½Gufygonf/
tcrf;tem;tpDtpOft& a½S;OD;pGm obmywdq&mawmfxrH S ig;yg;oDvcH,í l q&mawmfr sm;u arwåow k f

y&dw½f w G yf gonf? xdYk aemuf rpöuzf eG qf uD m \ ajr;a,musmf ; 2-a,muf Master Lakshman Peris (8 yrs) ESihf
Cecil Parers (7 yrs) wdYk u omoemhtvHukd vTix hf yl gonf? xdYk aemuf q&mawmf OD;okZmwu qDr;D wdik x
f eG ;f n§Nd yD;
omoemh&yd o f mudk zGivhf pS yf gonf? rD;xGe;f aepOf oD[Vkd tf wD;trIwrf sm;u wûydief ufw;D í y&dowfrsm;u om"k
oH;k Budraf c:qdMk uygonf? xdYk aemuf obmywdq&mawmf a'gufwm0ZD&mÓPu0dyóemqdw k mbmvJ[al om
rdeYf ceG ;f udak [majymí jrefrmjynfü y#dywåo d moem xGe;f um;yHEk iS hf jrefrmq&mawmfrsm; <ua&mufv mojzifh aus;Zl;
wifaMumif; rdeYf Mum;ygonf? xdYk aemuf acgif;aqmifq&mawmf OD;okZmwu 0dyóemtajccH w&m;awmfukd a[m
ajymí jrefrmbmomwwf oD[Vkd b f ek ;f BuD; OD;okrwdygvu oD[Vkd b f momjyefygonf? xdYk aemuf jynfxaJ &;0efBuD;
Xme tNrJwrf;twGi;f 0ef Mr. B.F parear u ,cktcrf;tem;udk ygvDrefvw T af wmf usif;yaeqJjzpfí jynfxaJ &;
0efBuD;ESihf pm;eyf&u d m© 0efBuD;wdYk rwufa&mufEikd o f jzifh 0rf;enf;aMumif;ESihf cGiv hf w
T yf g&ef oD[Vkd t f pd;k & ud,k pf m;
vS,u f q&mawmfrsm;udk tpGr;f ukeaf xmufyu hH nl rD nf jzpfaMumif; rdeYf Mum;ygonf? x Ykdaemuf ur®|mef;&dyo f mtvª
½Sif rpöuzf eG q f u D m \ ud, k pf m; Mr. T.U.De Silva u aus;Zl;wifaMumif; rdeYf Mum;í tcrf;tem;udk
½kyof rd ;f vduk yf gonf? y&dowftaygif; 2500 -cefY½í dS rpöuzf eG pf u
D mwdYk u azsmf&nfjzifh wdu k af uR;{nfch yH gonf?
xdak eYnuyifpí w&m;jyNyDj zpf&m a,m*Dy*k Kd¾ vf &[ef;awmf 22 -yg;ESihf vly*k Kd¾ vf wOD;wdYk pwiftm;xkwyf gonf?
vly*k Kd¾ vfrmS eDaygvfvrl sdK; ausmif;om;jzpfí udv k bH ûkd rdY½dS Lorene College üpmoifaeaom Mr. Bhakta Krishna
jzpfygonf? trsdK;orD;rsm;udk aeYyikd ;f wGif rpöu ef pd u H m\ tdrw f iG t f m;xkwaf pNyD; nydik ;f wGif rdrt
d rd w
f iG f jyefvnf
tm;xkwaf p&ef pDcOfcyhJ gonf/
uRefawmfonf oD[Vkd rf S Mo*kwv f 14 -&ufaeYwiG f jyefcyhJ gonf? uReaf wmfjyefonftxd rpöuzf eG q f uD m \

omoemh&yd o f mwGif 0gqdo k C H m 8-yg;ç 0gyefoHCm 14 -yg;ESihf vlyk *¾dKvf 1-OD; pkpak ygif; 23 -OD;rQ 10 -&ufww d d
ntdyn f aeç aeí w&m;tm;xkwv f suf½&dS m vly*k Kd¾ vfwOD;ESihf &[ef;i,ftcsdKYwYkd tawmfyif wd;k wufvsuf½adS Mumif;
od½cdS &hJ ygonf? xdo k moemh&yd o f mwGif 14 -&ufwBudrf wokwpf jD zifh tm;xkwMf urnfjzpf&m ,ckyxrtokwrf mS
1955-ck Mo* w k v
f 18 -&ufaeYwiG f NyD;qH;k rnfjzpfygonf? txl;ojzifh oD[Vkd üf &uf½n S t
f m;xkwEf ikd of rl ½Sv d yS J
tvGeq f ;kH ckepf&ufrQom tm;xkwv f okd l rsm;jym;vsuf ½Sad Mumif; awGY½&dS ygonf? tcsdKYaom tpd;k &trIxrf;rsm;ESihf
vcpm;tvkyo f rm;rsm;rSm cGi&hf uf½n S rf &Edik o
f jzifh q&mawmfrs m; oDwif;oH;k &mausmif;odYk naewdik ;f vmNyD; w&m;,l
í rdrt d rd w f iG f wnvQif 2-em&DrQ tm;xkwrf nfo h rl sm; rsm;jym;vsuf½o dS nfukd awGY&ygonf? xdyk *k Kd¾ vfrsm;xJwiG f
oD[Vkd 0f efBuD;csKyf qm*Reu f wkd vD m0gvm; \nD rpöwm*sufpwifuw kd v
D m0g;vm;vnf; yg0ifí¤if;rSm rdrt d rd w f iG tf m ;
xkwNf yD; paeç we*FaEGaeYrsm;wGif q&mawmfrsm; oDwif;oH;k &mausmif;odYk vma&muftyd í f tm;xkwrf nf[k od½&dS
ygonf? xdo k Ykd tm;xkwrf nfh yk*Kd¾ vfrsm;xJrS rpöwm*sufpwifukd wDvm0gvm;ç rpöwmoDv'goESihf rpöwmtmom
zefe'H w kd Ykd pwiftm;xkwv f suf ½SNd yD;jzpf&m uRefawmf½dS aepOftwGi;f pum;jyeftjzpf ulncD yhJ gonf? Mo*kwv f 10 -
&ufaeYrpS í aeYpOfeeH ufyikd ;f 8-em&DrS 10 -em&DtxdwBudrçf nae 2-em&DrS 4-em&DtxdwBudrçf rpöuef pd u H m\
tdrwf iG f trsdK;orD; 14 -a,mufwYkd tm;xkwv f suf½o dS nfukd awGY&ygonf? rpöuzf eG q f uD m \ omoemh&yd o f mrSm
,ck0guRwftxdom &½SEd ikd rf nfjzpfí 0guRwfvQif ur®|memp&d, q&mawmfrsm; \ vkyif ef;vnf;NyD;qH;k rnf[k
xifygonf? q&m;awmfrsm;tm; oD[Vkd o f wif;pmrsm;\ ud, k pf m;vS,f owif;axmufrsm;u vma&mufz;l ajrmfNyD; -
(1) oD[Vkd u
f Re;f odYk y#dywåo
d moemûy&ef <uvm&onfh taMumif;udp/ö
(2) jrefrmjynfwiG f y#dywåo d moem jyefYymG ;wd;k wufaeyH?k
(3) 0dyóemw&m; tm;xkw&f mü a,m*Drsm;usifo h ;kH &onfh tajccH½rI w
S ef nf;rsm; -
udak r;jref;í uReaf wmfu q&mawmfrsm; \ Mo0g'twkid ;f ajzMum;cJo h nfth jyif jrefrmjynfü y#dywåo d moem wd ;k
wufaeyHEk iS hf Ak'o
¨ moemtzGYJ u rnfoYkd rnfykH aqmif½u
G af eyHu
k kd tao;pdwf ½Si;f vif;ajymjycJyh gonf? w&m;tm;
xkwyf t kH m;xkwef nf;udk "mwfy½kH u
kd ,
f í
l we*FaEGaeYxw k f oD[Vkd of wif;pmrsm;wGif xnfo h iG ;f rnf[k od&ygonf/
oD[Vkd u
f Re;f odYk jrefrmur®|mep&d, q& mawmf 3-yg; y#dywåo d moemûy&ef <ua&mufonfu h pd üö jrefrm
oHtrwfBuD; OD;bvGio f nf touft½G,yf if BuD;vifu h pm; vli,frsm;uJo h Ykd zswfvwfvsifjrefpmG txl;yifyef;cHí
apwemxufoefpmG jzifh aqmif½u G of jzifh xdo
k Ykd atmifjrifvsuf½adS Mumif; od½&dS ygonf? oHtrwfBuD;rSm tpd;k &wm 0ef
0wå&m;rsm;tjyif txl;ojzifh Ak'o ö moemxGe;f um;a&;udk aqmif½u G &f mü ausmMf um;xifay:oljzpf&m Ak'b ¨ mom
toif;tzGYJ rsm;\ rMumcPzdwrf EÅuûyjcif;udk cHc&hJ í Ak'b ¨ momjyefYymG ;a&; w&m;rsm;udk tqufrjywf a[majym
vsuf½SdaMumif; od½SdcJh&ygonf/
xdok tH rwfBuD;rSm txl;tyifyef;cHum omoema&;udprö sm;udk aqmif½u G af e&onfEiS thf rQ oHtrwfBuD;ü

Ak'b
¨ momudk txl;yif ouf0ifí ulnv D akd om vufatmuft&m½Srd sm;½Sv
d Qif xdYk xufatmifjrifpmG aqmif½u
G Ef ikd rf nf
rSm ,Hrk mS ;zG,&f mr½Syd g/
uRefawmf oD[Vkd u f Ref;ü aqmif½uG zf ,G &f m rsm;udk aqmif½u G Nf yD; Mo*kwv f 14 -&ufaeYwiG f 0g0pf½iId ;f ,m;
oabFmjzifh jrefrmjynfoYkd jyefvmcJí h Mo*kwv f 18 -&ufaeYn 7-em&Dcw JG iG f acsmarmpGm jyefvnf a&muf½ydS gonf?
txl;0rf;ajrmufz, G f owif;w&yfrmS uReaf wmfjyefrnfh Mo*kwv f 14 -&ufaeY eHeufwiG f rpöuef pd u H m \om;
&ef*spftm; OyorÜ'uHaqmifí 'kvb ’ &[ef;abmifoYkd oGwo f iG ;f NyD; a':at;nTeYf \ ajr; Mr. Austin De Silva \
om; 3-a,mufwYkd tm; ½Sio f mraPtjzpf oGwo f iG ;f csD;jr§ihf Muygonf? xd½k iS ûf yyGEJ iS hf yOöi;f cHyo JG Ykd jrefrm&[ef;awmf
rsm;ESio
hf [ D Vkd &f [ef;awmf 5-yg;wdYk tm;yifzh w
d íf atmifjrifpmG usif;yNyD;aMumif;udk tzGYJ 0ifvBl uD;rsm; om"ktEkarm'em
ac:qdEk ikd &f ef wifjytpD&ifct H yfygonf/
uRefawmhtf m; Mo*kwv f 12 -&ufaeYnae 4-em&Dtcsed w f iG f urÇmYA'k b

¨ mom omr*¾n D vD mcHoYkd oD[Vkd rf S
ud,
k pf m;vS,af cgif;aqmiftjzpf wuf a&mufaom rpöwmt&m*sa[00dwmeu ¤if; \tdrw f iG f O,smOfyjJG zifh *kPûf y
EIwqf ufyJG wnfcif;{nfch yH gonf? xd{k nfch yH o
JG Ykd jrefrmoHtrwfBuD;ESihf jrefrmjynfoYkd vma&mufz;l onfh oD[Vkd f
rdwaf qG tawmfrsm;rsm; wufa&mufMuygonf/
ur®|mef;Xme trsm;tjym; ay:aygufjcif;
jrefrm0dyóem omoemûytzGYJ q&mawmfrsm;onf oD[Vkd u f Re;f ü wESpaf usmaf usmf oDwif;oH;k awmfrí
l
w&m;jyawmfrcl MhJ uonf? 0gtm;jzifh 2-0grQom qdak wmfrcl MhJ uonf? okY&d mwGif wdak wmif;vSaom wESpo f momrQom
jzpfaom tcsdetf wGi;f ü oD[Vkd u
f Ref; te,fe,f tpdYk pd Yk tûrdYûrdY t½Gm½GmwdYk ü tNrJwrf; w&m;Xme 12 -XmeESihf
,m,Dur®|mef; Xme 17 -XmecefY ay:aygufcahJ vonf? xdYk aMumifh q&mawmf t½Sio f Zk mwwdYk \ 0dyóemûyvkyif ef;
rSm auseyfp&m tjynft h 0½So
d nf[k qd&k ygrnf/
aus;Zl;½Sif r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD; \ oGeo f ifneT Mf um;rIEiS hf omoemûyq&mawmf 3-yg;wdkY\

enf;rSev f rf;rSef aqmif½u G rf aI Mumifh þrQtHMh oavmufatmif atmifjrifr&I onf[k qd&k ayrnf? q&mawmf 3 -yg;wGif
acgif;aqmifjzpfawmfral om q&mawmf t½Sio f Zk mw \ pGr;f &nfum; txl;cs;D usL;zG,f jzpfayonf? q&mawmf \
vHYk v0D&,d BuD;rm;pGmjzifh w&m;"r®a[mjyrIç w&m;jyorIwYkdaMumifh oD[Vkd f (oD&v d uFm)ü 0dyóemw&m;jyefYymG ;jcif;
jzpfavonf? ¤if;jyif q&mawmft½Sio f Zk mw a[majymorQukd useaocsmpGm bmomjyefí wqifah [may;aom
ynmwwf &[ef;vlxu G f t&d,&weq&monfvnf; rsm;pGmcsD;usL;zG,f aumif;vSayonf? ¤if;jyif & Hzef&HcgulnDí
oD[Vkd b
f momjyef ulnaD [majym ay;awmfrl Muaom oD[Vkd &f [ef;awmf t½SiÓ f Pm0goç t½Sif uóyç t½Sif
okwyd gvwdYk uv kd nf; csD;usL;xdu k f ygonf/
¤if;jyif jrefrmoHtrwfBuD; OD;bvGiu f vnf; pdwt f m;xufoefpmG rsm;pGmulncD ahJ vonf? oHtrwfBuD;
OD;bvGio f nf oD[Vkd çf jrefrmtpd;k &wdYk 0dyóemûy&ef pum;urf;vSr;f cJo h nfh tcsderf pS í jrefrmjynfoYkd jyefco
hJ nfh
wdik af tmif 0dyóemjyefYymG ;a&;twGuf rem;rae Ed;I aqmfa[majymcJah vonf? tajymaumif;oljzpfívnf; ol \
rdeYf ceG ;f rsm; a[majymcsurf sm;udk y&dowfu rsm;pGmoabmuscahJ von ?f oHtrwfBuD; OD;bvGif \ t½Sdeft0gaMumifh
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tcg ]]qawra[uf}} [k ac:wGio f nf? bk&m;jrwfpmG vufxufu tvGepf nfum;onfh aumovwdik ;f ûrdYawmfBuD;
jzpfonf? xdpk Ofu vlO;D a& ckepfuak #½So d nf[k usr;f *efrsm ;üvmonf? ûrdYawmf taemufawmifbufu temxydPf
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oa&½Sd pnfum;cJah vonf? om0w¬ûd rdYawmfBuD; pnfyifpOfu r½Sad om ypön;f 0w¬Kr½S?d xdYk aMumifh om0w¬[ d ak c:onf?
te,fe,ftpdYk pYkd tûrdYûrdY t½Gm½GmrS vma&mufMunf½h I avhvm&avmufatmif vSywifw h ,faMumif; tmVurE´ ewfûrdY
BuD;ozG,f wifw h ,f BuD;us,fpnfyifaMumif; t|uxmrsm;ü atmufygtwdik ;f zGYJ qckd ahJ vonf/
om0w¬dNrdKYawmfzGJY 3-*gxm
1/ oAÁ'g oAÁKyu&PHç om0w¬, d H oarm[dw?H

wo®m oAÁryk g'g,ç om0w¬w
D d y0kpw
ö /d
2/ aumovmeH yk&H &r®çH 'óae,sH raem&rH?

'o[d oa'´[d t0d0w d çHå tEéygeorm,kw/H
3/ 0k¹ðk a0ykvw
’ H ywåçH £'¨H zDwH raem&rH?
tmVurE´m0 a'0geHç om0w¬yd &k rkwrå /H
om0w¬, d -H om0w¬ad c: aumovwdik ;f \ûrdYawmfü? oAÁ'g -rd;k aqmif;aEG&moD tcsdeu f mvra½G;?oAÁyu&PH
-OóHv k ;kH pHk toH;k taqmifypön;f Opöm taqmufttHo k nf? oarm[dwH -pkaygif;wnf½Sd\? wo®moAÁrkyg'g, -xdk
odYk b,fcgrqdk vd&k mOóHk tvH;k pHk uHv k jkH ynf0h aygrsm;vSonfupkd í JG ? om0w¬w D d -om0w¬[ d íl ? 0g -aiG½Sdygu vdk&m
0,fí&aom ûrdY[í l ? 0g -oH;k aqmifz,
G o f ;D oD; ypön;f OóHk uHv
k akH ygjynfah om ûrdY[í
l ? 0kpw
ö d -ac:qdyk nwf orkwf
tyf\/
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zG,&f m[lorQ tNrJepd x
ö m0&½Sd \? a'0geH -ewfwYkd \? tmVurE´m0 -tmVurE´mewfûrdYuo hJ Ykd? om0w¬yd &k rkwrå H -
om0w¬ûd rdYawmfjrwfonf? 0k¹ðk -wd;k wufpnfum; jcif;odYk vnf;aumif;? a0ykvw ’ -H jyefYajympnfyifjcif;odYk vnf;aumif;?
£'¨-H r,kwu f vkH kH jynfph jkH cif;odYk vnf;aumif;? zDwH -om,m0ajym tpm;tpmaygjcif;odYk vnf;aumif;? 0g -tvGef
trif; yGiv
hf if;jcif;odYk vnf;aumif;? raem&rH -a&muf½o dS t
l m;vH;k ûyH;ûyH;aysmfaysmf arGYavsmfjcif;odYk vnf;aumi ;f ? ywåH
-{uefrazmuf a&muf&mûrdYawmf jrwfr[maywnf;/
,if;udk u0dq&mwdYk pmzGYJ írukeEf ikd af tmif pnfum;vSaom om0w¬ûd rdYawmfBuD;onf c&pfu&ú mZf 300 -
twGi;f u ysufpcD ahJ vonf? c&pfouú&mZf 400 -avmufrmS tdraf jc 200 -cefYom usef½NdS yD; c&pfouú&mZf 632 -ckEpS f
wGif vH;k 0ysupf ;D cJah vonf? ,cktcgrSm awm0emtwdjzpfavNyD? jrifjriforQocFg& pdwu f ESv;kH oGi;f /
ylaZmfzG,f oHa0*,lzG,frsm;
om0w¬ûd rdYawmfa[mif;rS taemufawmifbuf ajcvSr;f aygif; 650 -cefYvrS ;f oGm;vdu k v f Qif vGepf mG ausmMf um;
vSaom bk&m;jrwf pGm oDwif;oH;k awmfr&l m aZw0efausmif;wdu k af [mif;BuD; twGi;f ü bk&m;½Sipf Buø<uawmfr&l mç
tmeE´maAm"dyifç &[EÅm"mwfawmfapwDrsm;ç *Eü#k w
d u
kd af wmfae&mç a&wGi;f a&uefponfwYkd wnf½u dS ek f \/
aZw0efausmif;awmf&mrS wrdik cf efYavmuf ta½SYawmif cyf,eG ;f ,Ge;f a vQmufomG ;vQif bk&m;jrwfpmG wefc;kd
jym#d[mjyawmfr&l mü wnfxm;onfh apwDawmfBuD;wqlEiS hf a'0'wfajrrsKd &m a&uefBuD;wckukd awGYjrifEikd af vonf?
om0w¬ûd rdYawmfa[mif; ta½SYbuf 0domcg'g,dumrBuD; \ aumif;rIawmf ykAmÁ ½Hak usmif;wdu k Bf uD;rSm ae&mrSmyifr½Sd
awmhacs? tpd& m0wD (,cktcg &mrbd) jrpfurf; ûydysupf ;D ojzifh a&xJrikd 0f ufcefY a&mufaeonf[k qdMk uonf?
yaoe'Daumovrif;BuD; eef;awmf&mBuD;rSm ,ckwikd f ûrdY½;kd wHwikd ;f BuD; tvsm;teH wrdik af vmufysupf ;D vsuf
awGYjrifEikd af vonf? eef;awmf&m wHwikd ;f twGi;f ta½SYtaemuf ajcvSr;f 130 0-½Sd\/
MunfñdkoHa0*,lawmfrljcif;
r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf azmfjyyg om0w¬ûd rdYawmfa[mif;teD; aZw0efausmif;awmf&m twGi;f ½Sd

oHa0Zed,Xmersm;ç ylZed,Xmersm;udk oHa0*,lyal Zmfawmfrcl NhJ yD; aumoveef;awmfa[mif; ponfwYkduv
kd nf;
Munf½h o
I aH 0*,lawmfrcl ahJ vonf/
om0w¬yd &k |merÜçd r[mpnfax&daE´m 0d'gG ?

A[a0g ylZeda,ydç okyZl ,d taeu"m/
e,l;a'vDNrdKYodkY <uawmfrljcif;
q&mawmfonf þodYk ponfjzifh ylZed,Xmeç oHa0Zed,Xme toD;oD;wdYk ukd tzGYJ 0ifrsm;ESit hf wl avhv m
Munf½h I zl;ajrmfoaH 0*,lawmfrNl yD;aemuf vufcaemifûrdY tm*&mûrdYrw
S qifh e,l;a'vDûrdYawmfoYkd <uawmfrcl ahJ vonf/
0efBuD;csKyfae½l;ESifhawGYqHk 0efBuD;csKyfar;orQ ajzqdkjcif;
e,l;a'vDûrdYoYkd a&mufNyD; aemufwaeYwiG f Zmwferd t hf Ed ,

d´ vlrsdK ; Ak'b ¨ mom0ifwYkdtm; 8-yg;oDvay;NyD;
aemuf eHeuf 9-em&Dct JG csdew
f iG f Edik if jH cm;a&;XmewGif tdE,d´ Edik if aH wmf 0efBuD;csKyf ½S&aD e½l;ESihf awGYqt
kH Munfñckd H
awmfrcl ahJ vonf/
½S&aD e½l;ESihf awGYqpkH Ofu ½S&aD e½l;onf q&mawmftm; 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omêudqkd í ar;cGe;f tcsdKYukd ar;onf?
q&mawmfonf &J&ifw h nfMunfpmG ajzqdak wmfrcl ahJ vonf? ,if;0efBuD;csKyf ½S&aD e½l;tar;ESihf r[mpnfq&mawmf
tajz (aqG;aEG;csuf) wdYk ukd atmufygtwdik ;f t>rufrQ azmfjytyfygonf/
bm&wt*¾grapöeç r[mpnfax&ÓPdaem?
omupäm O'¨#m £"ç rkcrwår'd H [d acg/
½S&Dae½l;/ / q&mawmft½Sio f jl rwfb&k m;? a½S;u tdE,

d́ Edik if o
H Ykd a&mufz;l cJv
h Qif b,f
ae&m b,fa'orsm;odYk a&mufcyhJ goenf;/
r[mpnfq&mawmf/ / tdk 0efBuD;csKyf -rdro

d nf a½S;u*,mûrdYç Am&mPoDûrdYç ukóEd mé
½Hûk rdYrsm;odYk a&mufczhJ ;l ygonf? þtBudrw f iG f bk&m;½Sio
f w D if;oH;k oGm;awmfro
l nfah e&mrsm;
wd;k wufaejcif; jyifqifxm;jcif;rsm;udk tvGet f m;&zG,&f m awGY½ydS gonf? tdE,d´ tpd;k &
onf þwd;k wufaqmif½u G rf u
I kd qufvuftm;xkwv f yk af qmif oGm;vdrrhf nf[k arQmfvifh
ygonf/
½S&Dae½l;/ / tdE, d´ tpd;k &onf Ak'Z¨ ,EÅyd aJG wmfrsm;udk rlwnfaomaMumifh wd;k wufrrI sm;
udk ûyvkyaf qmif½u
G f NyD;pD;apEdik yf gonf/
r[mpnfq&mawmf/ / Ak'o ¨ moem a½S;xH;k pum;t& (2500) r[my&deAd mÁ e ESpyf wf

vnfyaGJ wmfonfum; tdE, d´ Edik if wH iG f Ak'o
¨ moemw&m;awmf acwfopfjyefay:vm jcif; \
a½SUajy;vrf;nTejf zpfayonf[k q&mawmf xifjrifayonf? 'umawmf0ef BuD;csKyf/
½S&Dae½l;/ / bk&m;jrwfpmG usiphf Ofrsm;ESihf a[majymcsuw

f &m;awmfrsm;udk ydrk u
kd s,f
jyefYpmG od½edS m;vnfapcJv
h Qif þwdik ;f jynftwGuf tusdK;aus;Zl; rsm;vdrrhf nf[k wynfh
awmfxifygonf? þtcsufonf wurÇmvH;k rSm trSepf ifppfvakd eygonf? twGi;f pdw"f mwf
Nidr;f csrf;a&;twGuf þuJo h Ykd aom w&m;"r®rsm;onfomvQif tEkjrLAH;k ESihf vlom;wdYk \
twGi;f pdw"f mwf t"r®trIrsm;udk Nidr;f at;apygvdrrhf nf q&mawmf/
r[mpnfq&mawmf/ / q&mawmfu oabmusí urÇmBuD;wGif avmbç a'goçarm[

w&m;rsm;onf cdu
k &f efa'gojzpfjcif; \ rlvtaMumif;rsm;jzpfonf? omoema&;tvkyf
tm;vH;k onf þw&m;qd;k t"r®raI wGukd acsrIe;f zsufq;D &ef jzpfygonf? 0efBuD;csKyfonf
omoemûyvkyif ef;udk tm;ay;vdrf rh nf[k awmifw h arQmvf ifyh gonf? q&mawmfu rdeYf Mum;
awmfro
l nf/
½S&Dae½l;/ / bk&m;jrwfpmG vufxufawmftcguyif þurÇmBuD;wGif vloal wmfaumif;

ESihf trsKd ;aumif;om;orD;rsm; jzpfzYkd&efêud;pm; tm;xkwcf o hJ rl sm;ESihf wnfwh nfh qefYusif
aom t,l0g'½So d rl sm; vnf; ½Scd zhJ ;l onfrmS taESmift h ,Suf 'kuy© ifjzpfygonf? bk&m;
jrwfpmG \ w&m;awmfrsm;udk ud, k w f ikd rf sm;pGm Munfñykd gonf? odYk &mwGif 0efBuD;csKyftae
ESihf oD;jcm;t,l0g'wyg;udk rsufEmS vdu k íf OD;pm;ay;rnf r[kwyf g? odYk &mwGif þEdik if w H iG f
cH,u l ;kd uG,af eMuaom [dEL´ ç rlqvifç c&pf,efç Ak'b ¨ momESihf tjcm;bmomtm;vH;k
wdYk onf vlwYkd \aumif;usKd ;twGuf êud;pm; aqmif½u G v f yk uf ikd af eMuaomaMumifh bmom
w&m;rsm;udk tm;ay;&ygvdrrhf nf? w&m;awmf jyefYymG ;a&;udprö mS omoemûyyk*Kd¾ vfrsm;
twGuaf omf vnf;aumif; (odYk r[kw)f q&mawmfuo hJ Ykd &[ef;awmfrsm;twGuaf omf
vnf;aumif; jzpfygonf/
r[mpnfq&mawmf/ / r[mpnfq&mawmfonf 0efBuD;csKyfukd arwåmydYk í 0efBuD;csKyf

ESiw hf uG wdik ;f jynftwGuf csr;f om<u,f0apaMumif; qkawmif;ygonf[k aemufq;kH trdeYf
½Sad wmfrcl ahJ vonf/
þonfvQif urÇmausmaf om q&mawmfEiS hf urÇmausmaf om 0efBuD;csKyfwYkd \ aqG;aEG;csuf jzpfavonf/
yod'¨ó ax&dE´óç t*¾grpö0&ó p?

uxm okvu©nm 0wç rEknm om"kaxmrdwm/
taomu0d[m&Munfh½I acwfopfausmif; w&m;a[m
q&mawmfonf naeydik ;f wGif ur®|mef;Xmeûyvky&f efjzpfonfh taomu 0d[m&ausmif;odYk ud, k w

f ikd <f u
a&muf Munf½h aI wmfro
l nf? aemufwaeYeeH ufwiG f acwfopfausmif;rS yifah vQmufojzifh <ua&mufí ausmif;om;
ausmif;olrsm;tm; y&dowftajctae tm;avsmfpmG arwåmw&m;ESi hf ud, k cf si;f pmw&m;udk a[mMum;awmfro l nf?
q&mawmfum; arwåmw&m;ESihf ud, k cf si;f pmw&m;udk xm0pOfusio
hf ;kH onfh yk*Kd¾ vfjrwfjzpfawmfro
l nf/
arwåmuxrÜd a'o,dç acwfopf00S Zd mÆ rEád &?

ax&daE´m r[mpnf0aS ,mç ,wdaoa|m u0D[d a0/
tdE´d,EdkifiHawmfor®wESifh awGYqHkrdefYMum;
xdak eYnaewGif tdE, d´ Edik if aH wmfor®wBuD; a'gufwm&ma*sE´&my&mq'fEiS ahf wGYqí

kH omoema&;qdik &f mç
bmoma&;qdik &f mrsm;udk rdeYf Mum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? or®rwBuD;onf q&mawmfred Yf Mum ;csurf sm;udk rsm;pGm
auseyftm;&awmfrcl ahJ vonf/
bm&wZem"dyóç "r®m rawe awmo,d?

r[mpnfax&ukOaÆ &mç "ar®ok aum0da'g ok"/D
jrefrmoH½Hk;ü w&m;a[mjcif;
jrefrmoH½;kH rS oHtrwfBuD;E iS hf oH½;kH trIxrf;wdYk onf Edik if &H yfjcm;wdik ;f wyg;odYk a&mufae&ojzifh &wem
oH;k yg;ESihf a0;uGmouJo h Ykd jzpfaeMuonf? r[mnfq&mawmf<uvmojzifh vGepf mG 0rf;ajrmufMuonf? q&mawmfa[m
aom w&m;awmfuv kd nf; Mum;emvdMk uonf? odYk EiS q hf &mawmfxv H ma&mufí w&m;a[m&ef yifah vQm ufMuonf?
odYk jzpfí xdak eYnae 5-em&Dct JG csdew
f iG f jrefrmoH½;kH odYk <uawmfrí
l 0dyóemw&m;"r®rsm; a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ v
onf/
&mZ'lwoEÅm*g&-rEád &yd ok"w

D rd m?
"r®0óH 0ómayodç ,wdaoa|m okZmwdrm/
'kwd,or®wBuD;yifhojzifh <ua&mufw&m;aMumif;ajym
xdpk Ofu tdE,

d´ Edik if H \ 'kw,d or®wBuD;jzpfaom tdE, d´ 'óeac: 2-wG½J dS usrf;BuD;ESiw hf uG tjcm;rsm;pGm
aom 'óeqdik &f musrf;rsm;ESihf a*gwrAk'ç¨ "r®y'ygVdawmfç t*Fvyd b f momjyef usrf;ponfwYkd ukd ûypD&ifcJ ah om
tdE, d´ 'kw,
d or®wBuD; a'gufwm q&ma0yv’&d m"u½du k oQPefu yifah vQmufojzifh aemufwaeYwiG f ,if;
'kw, d or®wBuD;xH <ua&mufí 'kw, d or®wBuD;ESithf wl ygVdy#d uvm pmaya&;&m tcsdKYukd aqG;aEG;awmfrcl ahJ v
onf? w&m;aqG;aEG;rIuu kd m; rûy[ko&d onf? 'kw, d or®wBuD;onf q&mawmfa& mufcu kd f tcGiahf &;aumif;udk &,l
jcif;jzpfavonf/
bm&w0aó 'kw, d -or®awe okÓP0g?

*EÅomupäH aom axa&mç tum 'V§y&uúarm/
Adkyge,f qefcsD½Gm xlyg½HkapwDawmfBuD;
tdE,d́ Edik if H Adk yge,f qefcsD½mG ü oD&"d r®maomurif;BuD; \ aumif;rIawmf xlyg½Hak pwDawmfBuD; wnf½adS v
onf? omoemouú&mZf 218 -255-oD&"d r®maomurif;BuD;onf uvd*w F ikd ;f udk atmifjrifNyD;aemuf touft;kd tdrf
pnf;pdrjf rm;ajrmufpmG wdYk ukd aoaMuysupf ;D &onfujkd rifí w&m;oHa0*&awmfro l jzifh ppfjzifah tmifEikd jf cif;udk pGeYf
vTwv f suf w&m;"r®jzifh atmifEikd jf cif;udk a½S;½IcahJ vonf? xdrk pS í tdE,
d́ Edik if tH ESYH tjym; a&wGi;f ç a&uefw;l jcif;
bk&m;ç ykx;kd ç apwDç *lç ausmif; wnfaqmufjcif; tp½Sad om bk&m;jrwfpmG omoemESiphf yfonfh trIupd rö sm;udk
ûyvkyaf wmfrcl ahJ vonf/
xdo
k &D "d r®maomurif;BuD; vufxufwiG f bk&m;jrwfpmG omoemawmfvnf; rsm;pGmxGe;f vif; awmufycJah v
onf? oD&"d r®maomurif;BuD;onf rdrid ,fpOf rif;om;b0u aexdik cf &hJ m þqefcs½D mG teD; ADwmG jrpf vuf0b J uf
urf; ay 300 -cefY tjrif½h adS om oJausmufawmif uke;f i,fwckwiG f xlyg½Hak pwDawmfaygif; 10 -qlcefY wnfxm;ud;k
uG,af wmfrcl ahJ vonf? ,if;apwDawmfrsm;teuf ,ckwikd f yHak wmfrysuf wnf½adS wmfral om qefcsDxyl g½Hak pwDawmf
BuD;rSm tcsif;tm;jzifh 103-ay ÓPfawmftm;jzifh 42-ay cefY½Sdavonf/
qefcsDxlyg½HkapwDawmfBuD; <ua&mufzl;ajrmf
r[mpnfq&mawmfonf tzGYJ 0ifrsm;ESit hf wl e,l;a'vDrw S zefazmfjyyg Adyk ge,f½dS qefcsDoYkd <uawmfrí

l
qefcsDapwDawmfBuD;udv k nf; ½Scd ;kd ylaZmf zl;ajrmfawmfrcl ahJ vonf? ¤if;jyif t½Sirf [dEa´ x&f oD[Vkd u
f Ref;<ucgeD;wGif
oDwif;oH;k awmfrcl o
hJ nfh ausmif;awmf&mrsm;udv k nf; avhvmMunf½h I oHa0*,lawmfrcl ahJ vonf/
qefcsx
D yl yH d aom *EÉmç xlayok edEré meaom?
yoEérmeaom [kwmG ç okyZl ,d taeu"m/
t*sEÅmvdkuf <ua&mufavhvm
xdrk wS qifh t*sEÅmac:tZPÖvP kd *f o

l Ykd <ua&mufMunf½h aI vhvmawmfrcl ahJ vonf? ,if;t*sEÅmum; urÇm
ausmXf meBuD;jzpfavonf? xkxnfBuD;rm;vSaom awmifurf;yg;,Hü us,0f ef;vSaom vdP k *f Bl uD;rsm; xGi;f xm;í
twGi;f eH&w
H Ykdü aq;a&;yef;csrD sm;jzifh vSyqef;Mu,favhvm&rnfh ae&mXmeyi f jzpfavonf? vdP k *f Bl uD;aygif; 29 -
ck½í
dS tcsdY*rl sm;wGif eH&yH ef;csDrsm;rSm tawmfyifaumif;rGeaf o;onf? ,if;vdP k *f Bl uD;rsm;udk bDpD 2 -&mpkrS at'D 7 -
&mpktwGi;f avmufu wl;cJo h nf[k a½S;a[mif;ynm½Siw f Ykd cefYreS ;f Muonf/
xd*k Bl uDrsm;rSm Ak'o

¨ moem0if &[ ef;awmfrsm; oDwif;oH;k cJah om *lrsm;jzpfaMumif; qdMk uonf? eH&yH ef;csrD sm;
udv
k nf; Ak'o ¨ moem &[ef;awmfrsm;yif a&;qGcJ MhJ uonf[v k nf; qdMk uonf? xdt k csed w
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aMumifh raOÆ&u d e*g;bHk e*g;rsm;xHr&S ½Sad wmf rlcahJ vonf? ,if;"mwfawmfrsm;udk Xmyemawmfríl wnfxm;ud;k uG,f
awmfrcl &hJ m rNyD;ajrmufy½J í
dS 'k|*grPdrif; \nD o'¨gwdórif; q ufvuf wnfrNS yD;onf? ,if;apwDBuD;rSm umv
Mumanmif;í ysupf ;D cJah v&m r[mapwd,0¹ketoif;u OD;aqmifjyifqif wnfaqmuf&m 1300 -jynfEh pS w f iG f pdezf ;l
wifEikd cf ahJ vonf/
,if;r[mapwDrmS tjrifo
h aH wmif 120ç zdeyftus,ft0ef;oHawmif 666ç 2 -rdu k çf tcsif;oHawmif 222-
awmifç 4-vufr xD;awmftopfoaH wmif 16 -awmifç xD;0tus,ft0ef;oHawmif 10 -awmifç xDawmftcsif;
oHawmif 2-awmif 8-vufrç pdezf ;l awmftjrifo
h aH wmif 1-awmifç vH;k ywfoah wmif 1-awmif 2-rdkufç 9-
vufopfç ovyfawmftjrifh 1-ay 1-vufrç apwDç xD;ç pdezf ;l tm;vH;k wdik ;f wmvQif 137-½Sd\/
jrefrmjynf ppfuikd ;f ûrdY½dS omvGerf if;w&m; aumif;rIawmf apwDBuD;ESihf EdiI ;f ,SOMf unfñEkd ikd &f ef anmifyifom
OD;ykn\ aumif;rIawmf twdik ;f twmjy xly0ifaw;xyfukd þüazmfjytyfygonf/
ud;k &mhu;kd q,f ½Spcf t k pGe;f rSm?

yGix hf eG ;f vQyH ç ajcmufa&mifjzm/
&mZrPdç jrwfpVl m&,f?
bGYJ awmfom,mç ausmufpmxd;k /
aumif;rIawmfBuD;ç jrifo h csmF rSm?
awmifaygif;w&mç ESpq f ,fpeG ;f vdYk ûzd;/
vH;k 0ef;r@vç av;&mus,fw,f?
½Spq f ,fEh pS af wmifç u,fwefc;kd /
'g,umawmfç tif;0pd;k w,f?
jrwfrsdK;omuDç aeewfE, G /f
omvGe&f efErdS çf wnfcx hJ m;?
vlewftrsm;ç qyGm;Munfñzkd , G /f
pG,af wmfoydwçf jrvQjH c,fw,f?
tHMh opzG,çf arGawmfjrwfwYkd /
ude;f 0yfpyH ç oGi;f Xmyem?
cdik cf v hH eG af ocsm/
ajrjyifnw G cf ç pHvw
G uf mG w,f?
ig;axmifomoemç wnfxeG ;f ygvdrahf v;/
oD[Vkd u
f Ref;oluRef;om;wdYk onf-
t|Hok ,o®ð ok*wó "mwk-edrm® ,&HoZk v

Æ Ak'¨½lyH/
wH *grPd&mZuwH ermrdç ok0PÖrmvd0&xly&mZH/
[laom *gxmjzifh r[mapwDawmfukd ½Scd ;kd Muukef \/
q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; r[mapwDawmf zl;ajrmf
r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf azmfjyyg r[mawDawmfBuD;ud k av;jrwfaumfa&mf tBudrBf udrf zl;ajrmf

awmfrcl ahJ vonf/
r[mxlyrÜd ylaZodç ylZm, edEré meaom?

a'gP"mwkoek "d me-0EÅH oAÁraem&rH/
xlyg&mrapwDawmf
xlyg&mrapwDawmfonfum; r[mapwDBu ;D \ ta½SYbufpOf;i,f,eG ;f aom ajrmufbuf 2-zmvHak usmf

avmuftuGm r[m0d[m&ESihf pyfvsufwnf½adS om xlyg½Hak usmif;wdu k f t&HtwGi;f wGif wnf½adS vonf? bk&m;½Sif \
"mwfawmfwoydwjf ynfEh iS hf vuf,mñSy½f ;kd awmf"mwfXmyem&m jzpf \? omoemouú&mZf 236 -ckEpS w f iG f eef;wuf
aom a'0ge H-yd,wdórif;BuD;\ aumif;rIawmfjzpf \? pwk&ef;ywfvnf vH;k ywf 121 -awmifç 1-rdkuf½Sd\? tjrifh
ÓPfawmf oHawmif 30-cefY½Sd\/
xlyg&mar xly0&Hç ed|maywGm r[Dywd?

&wem'D[ad eau[dç o'g ylZrum&,D/
oD[Vkd w
f Ykd onf azmfjyyg xlyg&mrapwDawmfukd -
ywåyrmPH rke&d mZ"mwka,m?

ed"m,"mwkrdÜ p 'u©P
d u©u/H
a'0g'Dwad óe uwH [d xlyg -
&mrmbd"meH yermrd buwsm/
[laom*gxmjzifh ½Scd ;kd zl;ajrmfavh ½SMd uukef \/
r[mpnfq&mawmf xlyg&mrapwDawmf zl;ajrmf
aus;Zl;½Sif r[mnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf azmfjyyg xlyg&mrapwDawmfuv

kd nf; ½dak ojrwfE;kd ½Scd ;kd ylaZmf
zl;ajrmfawmfrcl ahJ vonf/
eróaEÅm eróaEÅmç u&dwmG wd y'u©Pd ?H

xlyg&mrrÜd ylaZodç ylZm, owwm'a&m/
tb,*d&dapwD
tb,*d&ad pwDawmfBuD;um; tEk&m"ûrdYawmf r[m0d[m&ausmif;wdu k Bf uD; \ ta½SYajrmufbuf wrdik cf efY

tb,*d&d ausmif;wdu k af [mif;BuD;twGi;f ü wnf½adS vonf? pmayü tb,*d&0d [ d m&[lívnf ;aumif;?tb,kw&å
0d[m&[lívnf;aumif; oH;k onf? aupd -tcsKd Yuek af om ajrmufausmif;ae q&mwdYk onf? aupd -tcsdKYuek af om
tb,*d&ad usmif;wdu k af e q&mwdYk onf ponfjzifh teufqMkd uonfrmS azmfjyyg tb,*d&ad usmif;wdu k af e &[ef;
wdYk ukd qdMk ujcif; jzpfonf? ,if;apwDBuD;um; vH;k yw f ay 900-cefY½NdS yD; tjrifah y 235-ay ½Sad Mumif; od& \/
omoemouú&mZf 455 -wGif 'kw, d tBudrf oD[Vkd üf rif;ûyaom 0¥*grPd (0V*r®m) rif;onf *D&w d uú
wGe;f \ausmif;udk zsufq;D apNyD; apwDBuD;ESiw
hf uG ausmif;wdu k Bf uD;wnfaqmufí rdrpd pf½;IH í wdr;f a½SmifpOf qG rf;cH
auR; aus;Zl;ûycJzh ;l aom t½Sirf [mwdóax&ftm; wifvaª vonf? tb,*d&d ausmif;wdu k Bf uD;ay:csdeu
f kd r[m0Ho
ü-
r[m0d[m&y|memç 'Do
G k 0óoawok p?
owå&ook 0aóokç 'ormom"dawok p/
wxm'daeok 'ookç tbduaú EÅok om'a&m?

tb,*d&0d [
d m&H aomç ywd|mayod blywd/
yauúmodwmG e aw axa&ç awok ykAKÁ yum&daem?

wH r[mwdóaw¬&óç 0d[m&H rmea'g t'g/
*d&ó
d ,o®m tm&març &mZmuma&od aomba,m?
wo®m b,*d&ad wG0ç 0d[ma&m emrawm t[k 1/
rlvwGif ,if;tb,*d&ad usmif;wdu k af e &[ef;omraPwdYk onf r[m0d[m&*dP k ;f 0ifrsm; jzpfMuukef \?
aemufwiG f 'umç 'umrawGEiS hf a&maxG; ,Suw f if rsm;ojzifh r[m0d[m&*dP
k ;f rS xkwyf pfMuukef \? ¤if;aemufwiG f
rS tb,*d&*d Pkd ;f [k xif½mS ;vmonf/
ax&H ukav[d oHo|Hç r[mwdaómwd 0dów

k ?H
ukvoHo|a'gaoeç oHaCm wH ed[&D £awm/
(r[m0Ho 33-96)
,if;tb,*d&ad pwDBuD;ü a½TjzifNh yD;aom EGm;vmOób½kyt f wGi;f "mwfawmfrsm;oGi;f xnfh Xmyemxm;

onfjh yif aygw¬um½kVp§ wkw¬ o*Fg,emwif ayawGyg Xmyemxm;onf[k tqd½k o dS nf? oD[Vkd u
f Ref;udk t*Fvyd w
f Ykd
odr;f ydu
k pf Of ,if;tb,*d&ad pwDBuD;udk zsufqD ;í EGm;vm;Oóba½T½yk , f zl Ykd pDpOf&m trsm;vlxu k qefYusifí
ratmifjrif[þ k pmûyol oD[Vkd af epOfocd &hJ \? oD[Vkd w
f Ykd um; tb,*d&d apwDawmfBuD;udk -
uwe0rPduar® "mwk*aAÇo&k ar®ç

ueu0obukpðä "mwk,m yl&,dwmG /
0Dww
d rb,&nm "r®avcH XaywGmç
tb,*D&0d [
d ma& pm½kxyl H ermrd/
[laom*gxmjzifh ½Scd ;kd zl;ajrmfMuukef\/
r[mpnfq&mawmf tb,*D&dapwDawmfBuD;zl;ajrmf
aus;Zl;½Sift*¾r[my@dwr[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf azmfjyyg tb,*d&ad usmif;wdu

k Bf uD; twGi;f ½Sd
tb,*d&d apwDawmfBuD;udv
k nf; av;jrwfaumfa&mf zl;ajrmfyal Zmfawmfrcl ahJ vonf/
tb,kw&å 0d[ma&wdç apwd,H tb,0S,?H

0E´w
d mG ylZ,d wmG eç ykn&moðtum ok"/d
aZ0weapwDawmf
r[m0d[m& ausmif;wdu k Bf uD; ta½SYajrmuf,eG ;f t&yf tb,*d&ad usmif;wduk Bf uD; \ ajrmufbuf 1-rdik f
ausmfcefY tuGmwGif wnf½o dS nfh apwDawmfBuD;rSm vH;k ywfay 1100 -½Sdí tjrifhÓPfawmf 231 -ayjrifah Mumif;
oD[Vkd o
f rdik ;f üqd\
k ? omoemouå&mZf 819 -847-wGif oD[Vkd üf eef;wufaom r[maoerif;onf r[m0d[m&e,f
y,ft0iftyg aZmwdO,smOfwiG f apwDawmfBuD;ESiw hf uG aZw0eausmif;wdu k Bf uD;udk wnfaqmufí 'u©Pd m&m
r0goDwó d ax&ftm; vª'gef;avonf? ,if;odYk jzpfaMumif; -
'u©P
d m&mr0godrçdS uk[au ZdrrS meao?
yoD'wd mG ygyrdwçå wdóaw¬a& tonaw/
r[m0d[m&oDraEÅç O,smae aZmwdemrau?

aZw0e0d[m&H aomç 0g&,aEÅmyd um&,d/ 1
[laom *g xmrsm;jzifh azmfjycJo

h nf? ,if;aZw0eausmif;wdu k af e &[ef;wdYk ukd aZw0e0goD[k pmayü
oH;k EIe;f onf? ,if;aZw0e apwDawmfBuD;ü bk&m;½Sicf g;yef;êud;awmfEiS hf "mwfawmfrsm; Xmyemxm;onf[q k Mkd u
onf? oD[Vkd w f Ykdum;-
ywd|maywGm Zdeum,AEëçH
wax0 orÁK'ö&D&"mwka,m?
r[maoaee e&dEu´ m&dwçH

okapwd,H aZw0eH ermrd/
[laom *gxmjzifh ½Scd ;kd Muukef \/

r[mpnfq&mawmf aZw0eapwDawmfzl;ajrmf
r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf ,if;aZw0efausmif;wdu k af [mif;ü a&muf½pdS Of y&or,= wyg;aom

aZw0e0goD*P kd ;f om; &[ef;wdYk \ t,l[al om pum;udk vGepf mG oabmaygufawmfro l nf? aZw0e apwDawmf
BuD;udv
k nf; tm;&yg;& zl;ajrmfawmfrcl ahJ vonf/
aZw0eapwd,rÜçd aZ,sumarm r[m,wd?

eródwmG ykeyÜKeHç yknH teyÜwH tum/
vHum&mrapwD
r[mapwD ajrmufwnfw h nfh aZw0eausmif;wdu

k Bf uD;rS taemufajrmuf wm 200 -cefY oGm;vduk v
f Qif
vHum&mrapwDukd awGY &onf? ,if;apwDum; jrefrmjynf todrsm;aeMuaom rlvaomrm&mrausmif; ae&mjzpf
aMumif; trsm;pk ,HMk unfMuukef \? omoemouú&mZf 455 -467-wGif oD[Vkd üf 'kw, d tBudrrf if;ûyaom 0¥*grPd
rif;BuD;onf ppfa&;edrchf phJ Of odvmaombu@u½Gmü cdv k cIH &hJ zl; \? ,if;½Gmü odvmaombu@u trnfo rkwf
awmfrí l apwDwnfco hJ nf? ,if;apwDonf aemufwiG f vHum&mrapwD[k wGio f nf? vH;k ywfay 150ç tjrifah y 50 -
cefY½Sd\/
r[mxlyókw&å awmç apwd,H Opö0w¬KuH?

odvmaomwu@uHemrç &mZmaoma,0 um&,d/
,if;apwDukd oD[Vkd w
f Ykd u-
odvmaomAÇu@au yk&med0godawç
0¥*grPdornblro
d mrdem?
Ak'&¨ mZ"mwky|aywGm um&dwçH

vHum&mremra",s apwd,H ear/
r[mpnfq&mawmf vHum&mrapwDawmfzl;ajrmf
aus;Zl;½Sif r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf azmfjyyg vHum&mrapwDawmfuv kd nf; av;jrwfaumfa&mf

zl;ajrmfawmfrcl ahJ vonf? a½S;ujzpfpOfjzpfa&;wdYk uv
kd nf; awG;xif atmufarh oHa0*,lawmfrcl ahJ vonf/
vHum&mrapwd,rÜçd apawwGm reomok"?D

ouúpHö yPrdwmG eç ykn0H oOöed D ,wd/
r&dp0¥dapwDawmf
r&dp0¥dapwDawmfBuD;um; r[mapwDawmfBuD; \ taemufbufwiG f wnf½adS vonf? r[mapwDz;l NyD; vrf;

avQmuf,if; cPoGm;vQif a&mufawmh \? ,if;apwDBuD;um; i½kwo f ;D yH[
k o
k &d \? vH;k ywf 560 -ay ½Sdí tjrifhay
60-½Sad Mumif; oD[Vkd b
f &k m;ordik ;f usrf; tqdu
k o
kd &d \/
omoemouú&mZf 383 -407-wGif eef;wufaom 'k|*grPdrif;BuD;onf ppf wdu k pf Oftcgu oHCmawmftm;

rvª'gef;yJ i½kwo
f ;D wawmifh aumufpm;rdonft h wGuf rdru
d ,
kd u
f kd 'Pfxm;onft
h aejzifh wnfxm;ud;k uG,cf ohJ nf?
ywfywfvnfausmif;wdu k Ef iS w
hf uG 19 -uka#ukeu
f saom[l\? aumufpm;rdaom i½kwo f ;D udpk í
JG r&dp0¥dapwD[k
wGio
f nf/
rif;w&m;BuD;onf wdóa&uefBuD;twGi;f a&upm;awmfrcl u kd f ,m,DweJ ef;OD;ü "mwfawmfXmyemxm;aom

vSu
H pkd u
kd x
f m;&m jyefvnfEw
k &f mr&awmhojzifh ¤if;"mwfawmfEiS whf uG jzpfaomvSuH kd Xmyemí apwDwnfxm;jcif;
jzpfojzifh ukEaÅ pwD[v k nf; wGiof nf? apwDawmfEiS hf ausmif; vTwof bifwiG f rif;jrwfavQ mufxm;onfh pum;rsm;
udk atmufyg r[m0Ho*gxmrsm;jzifh od&m\/
wo®ð orm*ar oHCçH £'rm[r[Dywd?

oHCbH aEÅ 0do&dwmG ç bkOdÆ r&dp0¥du/H
waówH '@ur®H arç b0wlwd tum&,d?

oapwd,h r&dp0¥d -0d[m&H okraem[&H/
y#d*P
¾ mS wk wH oHaCmç £wd aom 'u©ad Pm'uH?
ygawwGm bduK© oHCóç 0d[m&H okraem t'g/ 1
oD[Vkd w
f Ykdum; ,if;apwDawmfBuD;udk-
tb,&mZ0a&eormwkuçH oke"d [dwu

G wH oukEu
Å ?H
ouvowå[w d H yPar o'gç r&dp0¥duapwd,rkwrå /H
r[mpnfq&mawmf r&dp0¥dapwDawmf zl;ajrmf
r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf azmfjyyg r&dp0¥dapwDawmfuvkd nf; jrwfE;kd aumfa&mf zl;ajrmfawmfrcl ahJ v

onf? q&mawmfum; bk&m;zl;jcif;ç pmayavhusujf cif; ponfh aumif;aomvkyif ef;ü wif;wdraf &mif&h jJ cif; tvsO;f
r½Sdygacs/
r&dp0¥dox
k yl rÜçd xlayok edEré meaom?
eródwgmet*¾*¾-yknH teyÜuH tum/
'u©dPomcgr[maAm"dyif
oD[Vkd u
f Ref; 'u©P
d omcgr[maAm"dum;-
uwH r[mt"d|me-yOöuH yOöpu©Kem?
tbmod &anm wH bkwmG ç wków d mG c&Pdywd/ 1
[lonfEiS thf nD bk&m;½Siu

f ,
kd af wmfwikd yf if oAÁñw
k ÓPfawmfjrwfjzifh oD[Vkd u
f Ref;ü omoemwnfxeG ;f
rnfukd odawmfro
l jzifh r[mt"d|mef 5-csufukd t"d|mefawmfrcl ahJ vonf/ ,if;t"d|mef 5-csuu f m;-
1/ oD[Vkd u
f Ref; aAm" yd if<uzdYk oD&"d r®maomurif;w&m; aAm"dyifawmifuikd ;f yifv
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kd Qif
tvdv k jkd ywfí a½TzsOf;td;k ü wnfapownf;/
2/ a½TzsOf;rSm wnfaomtcgvnf; r[maAm"duikd ;f onf wdrw

f u
kd Mf um; wefc;kd jzifh
wuf<uNyD; wefc;kd jyí wnfapownf;/
3/ 7-&ufajrmufwiG f wdrw f du
k rf q
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wdYk rS ñdçk 0gç eDç jzLç a&mifarmif;[lajcmufql ûyd;ûyd;jyuf a&mifjcnfawmfrsm;vTwf
apownf;/
4/ oD[Vkd u
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jym#d[m jyapownf;/
5/ oD[Vkd u
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onf? om oemouú&mZf 236 -ckEpS w f iG f ,if;'u©P
d omcgaAm"dyifukd tHrh cef;Edik af om jym#d[mwdYk jzifh oD[Vkd u f Re;f
r[m0d[m&ausmif;wdu k Bf uD;ü t½Sirf [dEr´ ax&f \ESr oHCrdwmå ax&D yifah qmifa&muf½pdS u kd yf sdK;apcJah vonf? ,if;
aAm"dyifum; ,ckwikd w
f nf½&dS m vGepf mG rS tHMh op&maumif;yg ownf;/
oD[dkVf&[ef;awmfrsm; cJ,Of;pGmapmifha½SufcJh
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oH;k zdYk tBudrBf udrf a&mufvm \? xdpk Ofu &[ef;awmfwyg; aAm"dyifteD; {&mranmifyifBuD;wyifay: vifph ifx;kd í
aexdik Nf yD; qifrsm;rvmEdik af tmif aMumufavmufaomtoHjzifh ajcmufveS Yf jcif;ûycJo h nf? eHeufcif; tEÅ&m,fuif;
avmufaom tcsed w f iG f oufqikd &f m 'umrsm; cJ,Of;pGm anmifyifay:a&muf qGr;f ydYk &avonf? þodYk ponfjzifh
'u©P d omcg r[maAm"dyifukd cJ,Of;pGm apmifah ½SmufcMhJ uukef \? aemuftEk&m" vlaetdraf jcjyefvnfpnfum;rS
qif½ikd ;f paomawmaumifrsm; tEÅ&m,frS a0;avawmh \/
,if;aAm"dyifu-kd
,órlav edoad Eém0ç oAÁm&d0Zd ,h tum?

yawåm oAÁñw
k H ow¬mç 0aE´wH aAm"dyg'yH/
£ar {aw r[maAm"d -avmuemaxe ylZw d m?

t[rÜd awe erómrdç aAm"d&mZerw¬K aw/
[laom 2-*gxmjzifh oD[Vkd w
f Ykd ½cdS ;kd ylaZmfMuukef\/
r[mpnfq&mawmf aAm"dyifzl;ajrmf
r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf azmfjyygaAm"dyifuv kd nf; zl;ajrmfawmfrNl yD; bk&m;½Sif \ *kPaf wmfteEÅukd

½Irw
S yf mG ;rsm;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? q&mawmfum; vGepf mG rS omoempdwf jynf0h onfh yk*Kd¾ vfjrwfBuD;omwnf;/
r[maAm"drdÜ ylaZodç aAm"d,m v*¾rmeaom?

Ak'ó
¨ *kP&modrçdÜ ypöa0u©d taeu"m/
avm[ygom' aMu;jymom'fBuD;
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wnf½Sd\? oHCrdwmå aAm"dyif \ teD;wGijf zpf \? 12 -aycefYjrifah om ausmufwikd t f wef;aygif; 40 -twdtus½Sdav
onf? wwef;vQif wdik af ygif; 40 -pD½jdS yef&m wdik af ygif; 1600 -½Sod nf? tv,fü oHCmrsm; uH BuD;uHi,fûyEdik &f ef
tkw<f uyfr;kd taqmifuav; ûyvkyx f m;onfukd ,ckwikd f awGYjrifEikd af o; \/
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k H oków
k H okw?H
r[myanm r[mykanmç ynm, uwedpaä ,m/
'dyyÜom'aum axa&mç &mZdaem t,suó ar?

{0H ud&m[ewåm awç 'k|*grPdbyl wd/
r[mykanm r[mxlyçH aomPÖrmvð raem&rH?

0DoH [w¬owH OpöçH uma&ówd tem*aw/
ykaem Oaygoxm*g&Hç emem&wer@dw?H

e0blrH b&dwmG eç avm[ygom'ar0p/
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ayu©m ayaEÅm &mZa*a[ç XdwH {0 u&@au/ 1
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wo®ð ygom'ao|o®çð ta[oHk e0blrad ,m?

{auudóm blr,d mpç ul#m*g&owmedp/
ul#m*g&med oAÁmedç oZÑKemp cpdwme[H?k

y0gva0'dum awoHç emem&weblow d m/
emem&wempdwmå edç wmoH y'krwmedp?

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d m yEÅd -y&duw
d© må p wm t[k/
o[óH ww¬ ygoma'ç *AÇm tmoHk okocFwm?
emem&wecpdwmç oD[yOÆ&aewå0g/ 3
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{auum a,0 t|HoKç wwd,m'Dok blro d ?k

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t&[aEÅm0 t|Hoçk O'Ḧ pwlok blr dok/
[laom *gxmrsm;jzifh r[m0Hoü rSww

f rf;wifxm; \? ,if;jymom'fBuD; \ ta½SYbufü trÁv|dutaqmif
yl;wGyJ g½SNd yD; taemufbufu yOöeu d m,r@vtaqmif yg½So d nf/ 2
,if;jymom'fBuD;rSm umvMumjrifph mG rwnfyJ rD;avmifysupf ;D ojzifh 'k|*grPdrif; \nD o'¨gwd óonf bHk
7-xyfjzifh usHKYí wnfaqmufcjhJ yefonf/
r[mpnfq&mawmf
avm[ygom'jymom'f Munfh½Iavhvm
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ponfjzifh xyfcgxyfcg oHa0*jzpfawmfrcl ahJ vonf/
avm[ygom'tm0goHç ok0od mvH raem&rH?

yódwmG e r[maxa&mç oHa0a*g tbd0d o'g/
£ó&rkedapwD
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trSwt f jzpfjzifh a'0geHy,
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yOöoaw[dóa&[dç r[max&ó oEÅad u?

yAÁZ0Æ odwXmaeç £ó&orPawm t[k 1/
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"mwka,m ed'[dwmG eç odvm, y#drmokbm/
,[ð bm&mydwmowå -aewåpw

d å yd,uF&m?
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rsm;ç odMum;rif;xHrS yifah qmif&½Scd ahJ om vuf,mñSy½f ;kd awmf "mwfawmfwYkd ukd xlyg&mrapwDawmfü Xmyemjcif;
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rdóuawmifonf apwD xdu k &f um;apwd,awmif[k ac:avonf/
Xayod "mwka,m oAÁmç axa&m wawG0 yAÁaw?

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trÁwv
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[laom *gxmjzifh ½Scd ;kd zl;ajrmfMuukef \/
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t0kweå y#drrÜçd "dwrd m oHCyk*aF 0g?

edaEém Ak'*¨ ak Pokç ylZ,D xd&apwom/
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kd t
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[laom bk&m;ausmif;wdYk ukd tpOftwdik ;f zl;ajrmfEikd af vonf? oD[Vkd w
f Ykd onf azmfjyyg bk&m;ausmif;awmfrsm;udk -
0¥m'd*grPdba,e &mZdemç um&mydwH ygu#rpäyAÁaw/

orÁK'¨"mwky#Ü rd m'd&mZdwçH 0E´mr[H avmP0d[m&yOöu/H
[laom *gxmjzifh ½Scd ;kd OD;wif zl;jrifMuukef \/
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k nf;
½dak ojrwfE;kd vufprkH ;kd í OD;wifz;l jrifawmfrcl ahJ vonf/
edr*k r¾ meaom Ak'¨ -*kaPok 0d'ak &m ok"?D

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a&mufawmfrcl ahJ vonf/
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f nf a½S;utac: rv,ç ,cktac:
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o"mwkauç xlay y#drm ermrd om'&H/
[laom*gxmjzifh ½Scd ;kd OD;wifMuukef \? r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf az:jyyg pdwvå awmifoYkdvnf;

<ua&mufawmfrí l apwDawmfukd zl;ajr§maf wmfrcl ahJ vonf? ¤if;jyif a½S;,cifu þpdwv
å awmifü oDwif;oH;k awmf
rlcahJ om t&d,moHCmawmfrsm;\ *kPaf wmfaus;Zl;awmfwYkd ukd qifjcif awmfrcl ahJ vonf/
pdwv
å aoav apwd,çH erówd ok"w D rd m?
waóav 0oEÅmerÜdç *kPH tEkó&D 0d'Gg/
uwå&*grapwDzl;ajrmf
wdór[m&mrûrdYrS 12 -rdik cf efYomG ;vQif uwå&*grapwDoYkd a&muf \? bk&m;½Sif ½Sp0f gajrmuf <uawmfrpl Of
uwå&*grü ormywf 0ifpm ;awmfro l nf? xdpk Ofu uwå&*grt&yfü r[maoernfaom ya'o&mZfrif; rif;ûy
vsuf½Sd\? ,if;r[maoerif;onf bk&m;½Sif \qHawmfç a½TovGeaf wmfwYkd ukd Xmyemí apwDwnfxm; ud;k uG,cf hJ
avonf? apwDBuD;rSm jyifqjJ zpfí vH;k ywfom ay 300 -cefY½adS Mumif;od&\? NyD;vQif tjrifah y 160-cefY½SdEdkif\/
,if; uwå&*gr apwDBuD;udk oD[Vkd w

f Ykd u -
,wð orm"d b*0g w[ð rkeçd

odeEd aé omPÖoe auo"mwkw?H
v'¨g r[maoe e&dEu ´ m&dwçh
ermr[H uwå&*gr apwd,/H
[laom*gxmjzifh ½Scd ;kd OD;wifz;l jrifMuukef \? q&mawmfonf azmfjyyg uwå&*gr apwDawmfBuD;udv

k nf;
zl;ajrmf vuf,m&pfvnS v
hf nf ylaZmfawmfrcl ahJ vonf/
eróaEÅm eróaEÅmç uwGm uwGm y'u©Pd ?H

uwå&*grondwçH apwd,H 0EéH tum/
orEÅuk#awmifrS bk&m;½Sifajcawmf&m tm½HkjyKMunfñdk
udv
k b
H ûkd rdYrS 33 -rdik cf efYtuGmwGif bk&m;½Siaf jcawmf&m csawmfrcl &hJ m orEÅu#k awmif wnf½dS \? okreuk#
awmif[v
k nf; ac:Muonf? ork'&´ m ajrjyifrw S ikd ;f vQif ayaygif; 7630-jrifah Mumif; oD[Vkd o
f rdik ;f ü qdk \/
]]jrwfpmG Ak'ç¨ yGiahf wmfpuç ud;k vwcgç ig;0gwacgufç ½Sp0f gajrmufüç <ua&mufo;kH Budrçf arGYord zf vç zefzef
rQvsufç ¤if; &wemç a½Tpuf&mESiçhf vuFm'Dyç oD[VaAGç wuRef;ajrodYk ..... }}
[lonfESifhtnD bk&m;½Sif oD[dkVfuRef;odkY 8 -0gajrmuf wwd,tacguft<uwGif azmfjyyg orEÅu#k (okre)

awmifxyd f vuf0aJ jcawmf&mudk csawmfrcl ahJ vonf? ,if;awmifajc vdP
k *f w
l ckü &[EÅm 500 -ESiw
hf uG aeYoefYawmf
rlcahJ vonf/
ww¬ "r®H a'o,dwmG ç ow¬m avmumEkurÜaum?

O*EÉm okrae ula#ç y'H 'aóod em,aum/
wo®ð yAÁwyg'rSçd o[oHaCm ,xmokc?H

'd0g0d[m&H uEÉmeç 'DC0gyD rkyg*rd/ 1
,if; ajcawmf&mudk oD[Vkd w

f Ykdu-
vHumr[D0&r"kruk#m, rmeauç
to®ð orEÅ*&d rd 'k e¨ d "r®ómrdem?
taZÆoem, okre0Sa'0&mZdaemç
0E´mrd 'ódw r[H od&yd g'vÚäe/H
[laom*gxmjzifh ½Scd ;kd OD;wif zl;jrifMuukef \/2
q&mawmf tm½HkjyKMunfñdk
r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf azmfjyyg apwDyg'awmifawmfukd wufa&muf&ef tcsed rf &onft h jyif

cE¨mud,
k zfukd a&½Snt
f vkyv
f yk Ef ikd &f ef &nf½,
G í
f <uawmfrrlyJ tm½Hûk yMunfñakd wmf rlcahJ vonf/
yg'uø rkead o|óç tm&r®PH u&D ok"?D

yom'H Ze,daom [dç r[mpnf u0daoca&m/
uvsmPDapwDawmf
uvsmPDapwDawmfonf udv k b
H ûkd rdY ta½SYajrmuf buf 6-rdik cf t
JG uGmwGif wnf½adS vonf? apwDawmfBuD;ESihf
tm½Hck tH w
k w
f ukd w
f efaqmif;BuD;udk crf;em;pGm awGYjrifEikd f \? ,if;tm½Hck H twGi;f ü avsmif;awmfrl 18 -awmifcefY½dS
qif;wkawmfBuD;ç rwf&yfawmfqif;wkç wifyv’iaf cG ormywf0ifpm;awmfryl kH qif;wkawmfrsm;ESihf t½Si rf [mAk'¨
aCmo 0do'k rd¨ *fusi;f BuD;a&;NyD;í r[m0d[m&ausmif;wdu k f oHCmawmfrsm;tm; jyoaeyHk yef;cspD onfwYkdukd pdw0f if
pm;zG,&f m zl;ajrmfawGY½EdS ikd af vonf? apwDawmfteD;ü aAm"dyifç odrçf uvsmPDausmif;wdu k f ponfwYkd uvkd nf;
awGY½Sdavonf/
aAm"dawmf t|ar0aóç 0oH aZw0ae Zdaem?

emaxm yOö[d bduL© eHç oaw[d y&d0g&dawm/ 1
[lonfEiS t
hf nD bk&m;½Siof nf bk&m;jzpfNyD;í ½Sp0f gt&wGif oD[Vkd u f Ref; uvsmPDt&yfü aexdik af om rPd
tu©u d e*g;rif; vma&mufyifo h jzifh &[e ;f 500 -ESihf oD[Vkd u f Ref;odYk <uawmfríl uvsmPDjrpfurf;teD; rPdtu©u d
rif;\ y@yf½dS yv’iaf y:ü oDwif;oH;k awmfrí l qGr;f bkO;f ay;NyD; w&m;a[mawmfro l nf? ¤if;aemuf okre(orEÅu#l )
awmifajc ajcawmf&m csawmfrNl yD; ,if;awmifajcvdP k f wckü aeYoefYawmfro l nf? ¤if;aemuf 'DC0 gydapwD wnfrnfh
ae&mç oHCrdwmå aAm"dyif wnfrnfah e&mç r[mapwD wnfrnfah e&mç xlyg&mrae&mç aovapwDwnf&m ponf
wdYk ü ormywf0ifpm;awmf rlcahJ vonf/
rPdtu©u d e*g;rif;onf bk&m;½Sif oDwif;oH;k awmfro l nfh yv’iu

f kd Xmyemí bk&m;½Sio
f w
D if;oH;k &mr@yfü
apwDwnfxm;ud;k uG,cf ahJ vonf? aemuf oD[Vkd w
f csdKYrif;rsm;ç 'g,umç 'g,dumrrsm; jyifqifMuukef \? ,if;
uvsmPDapwDawmfukd oD[Vkd w f Ykd u-
tm,mpem, rPdtu©rd a[m&*óç

,o®ð edo'd d b*0g rPdr@yo®/ð
waóm y&d|w
d rPfyXD ,kwçHå
uvsmPDapwd,r[H od&aom ermrd/
[laom 0Eém*gxmjzifh ½Scd ;kd zl;ajrmfMuukef \/
r[mpnfq&mawmf uvsmPDapwDawmfzl;ajrmf
r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf azmfjyygxif½mS ;onfh uvsmPDapwDawmfBuD;udv k nf; waeYwiG <f uawmf

rlí o'¨gaZm½Ti½f iT jf zifh zl;ajrmfawmfrcl ahJ vonf? q&mawmfum; apwDyx
k ;kd ½Scd ;kd zl;ajrmfrüI a&mif&h jJ cif; tvsOf;½Sad wmf
rrlygacs/
uvsmPD0aS pwd,óç uvsmP*kPoH,ak wm?

earm uwGm uwOÆvçd oOö,d ukovH A[H/k
em*'DyuRef; em*'DyapwD
,ckem*'Dy[kwiG af omuRe;f udk udv k b H rkd S rdik f 200 -ausmaf 0;aom *syeæ m; (,mye) ûrdYoYkd rD;&xm;jzifah omf
vnf;aumif;? um;jzifah omf vnf;aumif;? ¤if;rS uma&wd0u k Re;f odYk um; jzifo
h mG ;Edik \
f ? wzef¤if;rS ukwYkdjzifjh zwfu;l
vQif wduk u
f Re;f odYk a&mufonf? ¤if;rSwzef azmifawmfp;D oGm;vQif em*'DyuRe;f odYk a&muf \? ,if; em*'DyuRe;f ü
vlO;D a& 5000 -ywf0ef;usif½\ dS ? [dEL´ vlrsKd ;wdYk rsm;ukef \? ,if;em*'Dyü [dEL´ ewfueG ;f ç Ak'b ¨ mombke;f BuD;ausmif ;ç
em*'DyapwD ponfwYkd onf ½Su d ek f \? ,ckapwDum; aemufwnfapwDopfjzpf \/
r[mu½kPad um ow¬mç oAÁmavmu[dawoaum?

aAm"dawm ypöar0aóç 0oH aZw0ae Zdaem/
ra[m'&ó em*óç wxm pla Vm'&óp?

rmwkvbm*dae,smeHç rPdyv’uF a[wku/H
'domG oyg&doZÆmeHç o*FgrH ypöKy|dw?H

orÁKa'¨g pdwrå moóç umVyau© Oaygoax/
ygawma,0 orm'g,ç y0&H ywåp0D &H?

tEkurÜm, em*geHç em*'Dyrkyg*rd/ 1
[lonfEiS t hf nD bk&m;½Sio f nf 5-0gajrmuf wefc;l vuG,af eYwiG f em*'dyü ywåjrm;yv’if taMumif;ûyí

ppfwukd Mf urnfh OD;&D;ESiwhf rl sm; jzpfMuaom ra[m'&e*g;rif;ESihf plaVm'&e*g; rif; tNcHt&Hy&dowfwYkd tm; ppfrwdu k f
a&; w&m;a[m&ef <uawmfro l nf? w&m;a[mtNyD; ywåjrm;yv’iu f kd bk&m;½Sit
f m; vªMuukef \? bk&m;½Siof nf
ywåjrm;yv’ix f uf oDwif;oH;k awmfrNl yD; y&dabm*apwD wnfxm;ud;k uG,&f ef ay;tyfNyD; om0w¬jd ynf aZw0ef
ausmif;wdu k o
f Ykd jyef<uawmfro l nf? e*g;wdYk onf ywåjrm;yv’iuf kd Xmyemí apwDwnfxm; ud;k uG,Mf uukef \? ,if;
em*'DyuRef;½Sad pwDukd oD[Vkd w f Ykd u-
b*deo d wk rmwkav[d 'daEéç rPdyv’u0F a& ,wð edoad Eém?

rked "r®ra'o,d rkeed çH od&om wH yPrm rd em*'Dy/H
[laom*gxmjzifh ½Scd ;kd zl;ajrmfMuukef\/2
ao½k0g0Dvr*Fvmr[mapwD
,if; apwDawmfonf vH;k ywfay 200ç tjrifah y 100 -cefY½Sd\? omoemouú&mZf 375 -ckEpS f cefYwiG f
'k|*grPdESifh o'¨gwdówdkY \ zcifumu0PÖwó d rif;onf bk&m;½Sif \ ezl;oif;uspaf wmf"mwfukd Xmyemí wnf
xm;cJah vonf? ,if;apwDonf ykvw¬ûd rdYrS 72 -rdik çf w&deaf umfrmvDrS 28 -rdik t
f uGmwGif wnf½o
dS nf? oD[Vkd f
wdYk onf ,if;r*Fvm r[mapwDukd -
ao½kemr0gyda,m orDyblr, d çH
umu0PÖwó d blbak Ze um&dw?H
ow¬Kaem vvm#"mwkoEé"d mydwçH
wH ermrd r*Fvm0Soak pwd,/H
aomrm0wDapwD
,if;apwDonf vH;k ywf 225 -ayç tjrifah y 150 -½Sd\? omoemouú&mZf 339 -ckEpS w f iG f oD[Vkd u
f Ref;
Edik if iH ,fpw
d \
f ya'o&mZfb&k if jzpfaom *d&td Am (aovmb,) rif;onf r[dEa´ x&fxrH S &½Sad om bk&m;½Sif \
vuf,mpG,af wmfukd Xmyemí rdrd \rdz&k m; ]]aomrm0wD}} \ trnfu, kd í
l aomrm0wDapwD[k rSnahf c:onf? ,if;
apwDonf ykvw¬ûD rdYajrmuf 14-rdik cf efYtuGmwGif wnf½o
dS nf? ,if;apwDukd oD[Vkd w
f Ykd u -
aovmb,0Sa,e ya'o&nmç
oAÁñak em 'u©P
d 'gXm"mwH?k
taEÅm XaywGm uwAkAKÁ VH0ç
aomrm0wDapwd,r[H 0E´mrd/
[laom*gxmjzifh ½Scd ;kd zl;ajrmf Muukef \/

rkwd,*FPapwD
rkw,
d *FPapwDonf udv k bH ûkd rdYrS 136 -rdik u
f mG vSr;f onfh b'´KvûrdYü wnf½o
dS nf? bk&m;½Sif 8-0gajrmuf
1
wwd,tacguf<uawmfrpl Of ,if;rkw , d *FPapwDawmf wnfrnfah e&mü eda&m"ormywf 0ifpm;awmfro l nf?
B.E236-a'0geHy,d wdórif;onf bk&m;½Sio f rmywf0ifpm;awmfr&l m ajrjrwfü apwDwnfawmfrcl ahJ vonf? ,if;
apwDonf rkw, d *FPapwD[k ,ckwikd x f if½mS ;onf? aZ|wdópaom rif;rsm; jyifqifrrG ;f rHwnfaqmufcMhJ uonf ?
apwDawmfteD; BuD;rm;aom aAm"dyifymG ; wyifvnf; wnf½dS \/
,if; apwDukd oD[Vkd w

f Ykd u -
ow¬Kemrd0o
k w
d rSo
d rm"demç rmwk,w
k rå [
d aAm"d0&d mZdw?H
aZ|wdó e&0g&tum&d,çH wH ermrd rkw, d *FPapwd,/H
rwd,*FPapwD
rwd,*FPapwDonf uED́ûrdYrS 44 -rdik t

f uGmwGif wnf½dS \? xyfrjH yifqifwnfaqmufxm;&m Munfñpkd zG,f
zl;jrifEikd af vonf/
aAm"dawm e0ar rmaoç zkó ykPrÖ , d m Zda em?

vHum'DyH 0daoma"wHçk vHum'Dy rkyg*rd/ 1
[lonfEiS t hf nD bk&m;½Sif ud;k 0gajrmuf<uawmfrpl Of bDv;l wdYk tm; qH;k rawmfrNl yD; aomwmyef okreewfrif;
avQmufxm;awmif;yefojzifh qHawmfwqkyf cs;D jr§iahf wmfrcl ahJ vonf? ,if; qHaw mfrsm; Xmyemí apwDwnfxm;cJMh u
uke\
f ? bk&m;½Sif y&deAd mÁ efpí
H tavmif;awmfukd rD;oû*Ø[pf Of o&blrax&fonf vnf½;kd "mwfawmfukd wefc;kd jzifyh ifh
,lí þrwd,*FPapwDü Xmyemawmfrcl o hJ nf? ¤if;apwDukd O'¨pVl b,ç 'k|*grPdtp½Sad omrif;rsm;ç 'g,umrsm;
tcgtm;avsmfpmG ûyjyifcJMh uuke\ f ? ,if;apwDukd oD[Vkd w
f Ykd u -
vHum, ,w¬ yXrH b*0g edoZÆç

,au© 'arod uwrd'Ad¨ ave wo®?ð
*D0g, "mwke[ d w
d H pwk0g&A'Ḧç
0E´mrd om"k rwd,*FPxly&mZH/
'DC0gydapwD
oD[Vkd uf Ref; aygwk0v

d ûrdYrS 48 -rdik t
f uGmwGif 'DC0gydapwDawmfBuD; wnf½o
dS nf? omoemouú&mZf 407 -
425-wGif rif;ûyaom o'¨gwdórif;onf bk&m;½Sif &[ef; 500 -ESiw hf uG ormywf0ifpm;awmfr&l m ajrjrwfü wnf
xm;ud;k uG,cf o
hJ nf? ,if;apwDawmfukd oD[Vkd w f Ykd u -
edoZÆ ,o®ð b*0g oom0aumç

cPH ormywåo d ck H oryÜ,?d
w[ð rke"d mwke"d m,um&doçH
ermr[H apwd,'DC0gydw/H
[laom*gxmjzifh ½Scd ;kd zl;ajrmfMuukef \?

apwDawmfrsm; Munfñdktm½HkjyK
q&mawmfonf azmfjyygem*'DyapwDç ao½k0g0dvr*FvmapwDç aomrm0wDapwDç rkw,

d *FPapwDç
rwd,*FP apwDwYkd uv
kd nf; rSe;f q&nfajrmf ylaZmfawmfrcl ahJ vonf/
em*'Dyg'dauaeauç apwda, ax&aoca&m?

'l&awm eródwmG ç yknçH teyÜuH tum/
xdkxdka'owdkYü w&m;a[mjcif;
q&mawmfonf 1320 -ckEpS f wydYk wv JG q ef; 11 -&ufaeY 7-em&DcefYwiG f pdwv å ç uwå&*grç wdór
[m&mrwdYk rS jyef<uawmfrí l a*gvfûrdYteD; 'domem,u'g,umBuD; aqmufvyk v f 'ª gef;onfh awmausmif;ü wn
used ;f awmfrcl o
hJ nf? aemufwaeY 8-em&DcefYwiG f a&mufawmfrcl ahJ vonf? aeY 2-em&Dcw JG iG f ûrdYawmfcef;rü Mo0g'
uxmrsm; a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? 3-em&Dcw JG iG f xdûk rdYrx
S u
G cf í
hJ 4-em&Dausmf tcsdew f iG f udv
k bH rkd ufumoD
ur®|mef;XmeodYk jyefvnfa&muf½adS wmfrcl ahJ vonf? r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;onf aeYpOf rufumoDXmeESihf
xdx
k akd 'orsm;pGmwdYk ukd <ua&mufí w&m;"r®jzifh oD[Vkd u f Re;f ol uRe;f om; wdYk tm; rsm;pGmcsD;ajr§mufawmfrcl ahJ vonf/
vuFm'Day taeauokç Xmaeok ,wd ukOaÆ &m?

"r®mrawe awmaowdç "r®umar taeu"m/
AVefa*g"NrdKY<u w&m;a[mjcif;
AVefa*g"ûrdYonf udv k b
H ûkd rdY ta½SYawmifbuf 84 -rdik cf efYumG vSr;f onft h &yfü wnf½o dS nfh awmifay:ûrdY
uav;jzpfavonf? q|o*Fg,emzGiyhf w JG iG f jrefrmEdik if o
H moemudk cs;D usL;>rufMum;awmf rlco hJ nfh t*¾r[my@dw
bGYJ wq
H yd af wmf& q&mawmf t½Sit f meE´marawå,s \ ZmwdûrdYow D if;oH;k &mûrdYjzpfonf? q&mawmfBuD ;onf r[mpnf
q&mawmfb&k m;\ Oyedó,twdik ;f ud, k wf ikd w
f &m;tm;xkwí f rdrod w D if;oH;k &m ausmif;wduk rf mS yif ur®|mef;
Xmewck wnfaxmifxm;cJah vonf? r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;onf wydYk wv JG jynfah usmf 3-&ufaeYwiG f azmfjyyg
AVefa*g"ûrdYoYkd <uawmfrí l q&mawmf t½Sit f meE´marawå,saus mif;ü r*¾i½f pS yf g; w&m;awmfukd a[mMum;awmfrcl hJ
avonf? n 9 -em&mcGJwGif jyefxGufcJh&m n 1 -em&Dcw JG iG f udv
k bH rkd ufumoDur®|mefXmeodYk jyefa&mufawmfrcl ahJ v
onf? tvGev f Qif tyifyef;cHí omoemûyawmfrcl ahJ vonf? yk*Kd¾ vfx;l yk*Kd¾ vfjrwfygwum;/
AVefa*g"okyal &ydç "r®umar taeu"m?

"r®mrawe awmaowdç "r®a|m y@dawm 0d'gG /
*smref"r®'kwXmeü w&m;a[mjcif;
q&mawmfonf udv k bH ükd ½dpS OftawmtwGi;f waeYwiG f yifah vQmufcsuft& udv

k b
H ûkd rdY½dS *smref"r®'l wXmeü
vnf; w&m;"r®a[mjyawmfrcl ahJ vonf? w&m;emol 'umç 'umrtaygif;wdYk onf q&mawmf a[mMum;onfh
w&m;awmfukd 0rf;ajrmufEpS of uf vufcMH uukef \/
*smref"r®'wXme-0a&ok ax&aoca&m?
A[a0g "r®araCeç 0ómayod ok"Dwrd m/
rufumoDXmeü rjyefrDtwGif; aeYpOfw&m;a[mjcif;
rufumoDur®|mefXmeürl rjyefciftawmtwGi;f aeYpOfw&m;a[mawmfrcl ahJ vonf? wydYk wJG vjynfah usmf

11-&ufaeYwiG u f m; aemufq;kH aeYtaejzifh vHum0dyóembm0em toif;ol toif;om;wdYk tm; y#dywfomoemû y
vkyif ef;ESiphf yfaom Mo0g'uxm a'oemudk a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf/
p&dar r@vdumeHç r@v0peomokc?D

tw¬m, okcg, ÓPDç uw,D r[mpnf 0d'/l
jrefrmjynfjyef<uawmfrljcif;
oD[dkVfuRef;odkY arwåmydkY qkawmif;jcif;
aemufwaeY ouú&mZf 1320 -ckEpS f wydYk wv JG jynfah usmf 12 -&ufaeY 2-em&Dtcsed w f iG f jrefrmEdik if o H Ykd jyef
vduk Mf urnfh wynfrh sm;ESit hf wl q&mawmfonf oD[Vkd u f Re;f rS xGucf mG awmf rlcahJ vonf? r[mpnfq&mawmfEiS hf
twl <uvmaomwynfrh sm; xJrS q&mawmft½Sio f Zk mwç t½Sit f mavmuç t½Siyf @dw[laom ur®|memp&d,
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h ;kH ol Oygoumç Oygodumraygif; 600 -ausmf½adS om[l\/
½Sif&[ef;jyKvdkolrsm; ay:xGufjcif;
,if;yk*Kd¾ vfrsm;rS t|*FOykoçf ½Spyf g;oDv tNrJaqmufwnfusifo h ;kH onfh yk*Kd¾ vfrsm;vnf;½So
d nf? orx
0dyóemtvkyu f kd tm;ay;olvnf; ½Sad vonf? o&P*Ho k v
D rcH,al omfvnf; Ak'o ¨ moemawmfukd nGwu f ikd ;f aeol
rsm;vnf; awmfawmfrsm;rsm; ½Sad vonf? Ak'o ¨ moemawmfukd tm;ay;axmufyu hH n
l &D ef toif;tz YJG rsm;vnf; tqif
oif½h o
dS nfjh yif Ak'o
¨ moemawmfü ½Si&f [ef;tjzpfjzifh 0ifa&mufvsuf omoemh0efukd xrf;aqmifvakd om yk*Kd¾ vfrsm;
vnf; ay:xGucf ahJ vonf/
omoemjyKvkyfief; atmifjrifjcif;
q&mawmf t½SiZf ed &u©w d \ omoemûyvkyif ef;onf êud;pm;onft h av smuf atmifjrifcahJ vonf?oJuEÅm&

xJ a&wcGuaf vmufaomuf&jcif;onf twdik ;f rod tusdK;½So d uJo
h Ykd wnf;? avmuü êud;pm;vQif rjzpfaomudp[ ö í
l
r½Syd gacs? xdYk aMumifh rjzpfrae aeYaeYnn êud;yrf;&m \/
avmau Oóm[0EÅmeHç ZemeH udrom"d,?H

wo®m Oóma[m umwaAÁmç 0d¹ek mom&'ódem/
5-EdkifiHrS omoemjyKrax&frsm; yifh&efpDpOfjcif;
odYk jzpfí &[ef;awmf t½SiZf ed &u©w d trª;½Sad om tif'edk ;D ½Sm; Ak'o ¨ moemtoift h zGYJ rsm;u oD[Vkd f (oD&d
vuFm)ç jrefrmç ,d;k ',m;(xdik ;f )ç vmtd(k avm)ç uarÁm'D;,m;(urfy;l csm;) [laom ax&0g' omoemxGe;f um;onfh
Edik if rH sm;u pDpOfcahJ vonf? xdt k zGYJ rsm;uyif tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;Edik if o
H Ykd omoemûyrax&f wyg; vTwyf g&efarwåm&yfcpH mudk
tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;½Sd jrefrmoH½;kH rSwqifh Edik if aH w mf Ak'o
¨ moemtzGYJ oYkd ydYk vu kd af vonf? Ak'o
¨ moemtzGYJ uvnf; xdu k pd ö
ESiphf yfí pOf;pm;Mu&mwGif tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;odYk <u&efrmS t½SiZf ed &u©w d \ OyZÑm,fq&mjzpfaom r[mpnfq&mawmfyif
oifah vsmo f nf[k oabmwl a½G;cs,Mf uNyD; r[mpnfq&mawmftm; avQmufxm;Muavonf/
tif'dkeD;½Sm;EdkifiHodkY Ak'ömoemjyK<uawmfrljcif;
r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;twGuf tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;odYk toGm;tjyef av,mOfvufrw S rf pS í vdt

k yforQOóHt k vH;k pHk
udk Edik if aH wmf Ak'o ¨ moemtzGYJ u omoemûyudpw ö &yf tjzpfjzifh axmufyv hH 'ª gef; avonf? puFmylEiS hf
tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;Edik if rH sm;odYk a&mufaomtcg vdt
k yforQ axmufyv hH 'ª gef;aqmif½u G &f ef twGuv f nf; xdEk ikd if rH sm;½Sd oH½;kH
t&m½Srd sm;tm; Ak'o ¨ moemtzGYJ uyif wm0ef,íl arwåm&yfcu H m tjynft h pHak qmif½u G af y;avonf/
Ak'o
¨ moer@vO§çd oAÁH uwåAu Á H u&D?
tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;ok*re-umav ax&ok"rD awm/
1321-ckEpS f uqkev f qef; 8-&ufaeY n 8-em&D 25 -rdepfwiG f &efuek af vqdyrf S xGucf mG í n 12 -em&D
rdepf 50 -wGif puFmylavqdyo f Ykd a&mufawmfrol nf? xdak eYnwGif puFmylw½kwo f aX; OD;a* :wHk\tdrf oD;oefY
taqmifü wnf;cdak wmfro l nf? 9-&ufeY eHeuf 10 -em&DwiG f puFmylwiG f rav;,ef; tJ,m;a0; av,mOfjzifh
tif'dkeD;½Sm;odkY<uawmfrl&m aeY 1 -em&Dtcsdewf iG f tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;Edik if H *sm0g;uRef; *smumwmavqdyo f Ykd qdu
k af &mufawmf
rlcahJ vonf? q&mawmfa&mufonfah eYwiG f *smumwmü rd;k tBuD;tus,f ½Gmavonf/
ax&orÜw'å ed rSçd r[maraCm y0ówd?

{wOd§ okbedrwd çHå Ak'o
¨ moe0k',
d¨ m/
xdak eYrmS yif ,d;k ',m; (xdik ;f ) ESihf uarÁm'D;,m;Edik if (H urfy;l csm;) rS q&ma wmfrsm;vnf; a&muf½MdS uav
onf? oD[Vkd u f Ref; (oD&v d uFm) rS q&mawmfrsm;rSm êudwifía&muf½EdS iS Mhf uavonf? odYk EiS hf xdt k cg (1)
uarÁm'D;,m; omoemydik f q&mawmfç (2) omoemydik f q&mawmf \ ypämorP t½Sipf E´0o H ç (3) ,d;k ',m;Edik if rH S
t½Sizf &0domPç (4? 5) t½Sizf &0domP \ ypämorP &[ef;awmf 2 -yg;ç (6) oD[Vkd u f Ref;rS t½Sief m&'ç (7)
t½Sifao|dó&ç (8) t½Sifr[memrç (9) t½Sifyd,'óDç (10) t½Sifem&' \ ypämorP ,d;k ',m;&[ef;awmf
wyg;ç (11) t½Sift&d,0Hoç (12) t½Sifo&Pygvç (13) jrefrmEdkifiHrS r[mpnfq&mawmfç (14) tif'dkeD;½Sm;EdkifiH
rS t½SiZf ed &u©wd tm;jzifh ax&0g'&[ef;awmf 14 -yg; tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;Edik if H *sm0g;uRef;ü pka0;rdMuavonf? þuJo h Ykd
ax&0g'&[ef;awmf rsm;rsm;rpka0;cJo h nfrmS tESpw f axmifcefY ½SNd yD[l \/
pk'o
´ EéH [d ax&meHç oEéyd gawm orkA0Ç ?d
{wrÜd wo®ð &a|ç umrH tpä&, d H b0d/
befa'gif;NrdKYü w&m;a[m y&dwf½Gwf csD;ajr§mufjcif;
q&mawmfonf oD[Vkd çf ,d;k ',m;ç uarÁ';D ,m;ç vmtdrk S q&mawmfrsm;ESit hf wl *smumwmûrdY om&dyw k å
pul;vfac: pmoifausmif;ü uqkev f qef; 11 -&ufaeYwiG f ,if; om&dyw k på ul;vfausmif;tkyBf uD; rpöwmatmif
½Siûf yyGwJ iG f yg0ifcsD;ajr§mufawmfrcl ahJ vonf? rpöwmatmifukd t½SiZf ed ykwb å YJG jzifh omraP ûyay;awmfrMl uonf?
oHCmawmf 14 -yg;vH;k pka0;rdonfh xdak eY 12 -em&Dcw JG iG f omoemûy q&mawmfrsm; wzGYJ v;kH *smumwmrS r dkif 112-
rdik af 0;aom befa'gif;ûrdYoYkd <uawmfro l nf? nae 4-em&D rdepf 30 -tcsdew f iG f befa'gif;ûrdY 0drv"r®0[
d m&odYk
a&mufawmfro l nf? ,if; 0drv"r®0[ d m&ü jrefrmEdik if aH wmf Ak'o ¨ moemtzGYJ rS vª'gef;ylaZmfxm;onfh ÓPfawmf 2 -
awmifcefY½dS aMu;qif;wkBuD;wql ude;f 0yfpH y,fvsuf½Sd\? t½SifZde&u©dw \ wynfrh sm; ,if;qif;wkawmfBuD;a½SY
awmfü o&P*Hk oDvaqmufwnfMuç y&dwaf wmfEiS hf w&m;*gxmrsm; ½Gwzf wfMuonf? n 8 -em&DcefYwiG f oHCm
awmfrsm;u arwåmokw½f w G zf wf csD;ajr§mufMuonf? oD[Vkd q f &mawmf t½Sief m&'çu w&m;a[monf?t½SiZf ed &u©w d
u bmomjyefonf/
befa'gif;0S em*a&pmydç axa&e o[ bdua© 0g?

y&dw"å r®0g&demç bdoOd o
ðö k taeu"m/
qrm&rfNrdKYodkY <uawmfrljcif;
q&mawmfwYkd onf uqkev f qef; 12 -&uf 7-em&Dcw JG iG f befa'gif;r S qrm&rfoYkd armfawmfum;rsm;jzifh

<uawmfro l nf? 11 -em&D tcsdew f iG f usda&bGe;f (Ttireboon) ûrdYoYkd a&mufí w½kwb f &k m;ausmif;BuD;ü 0ifa&mufNyD;
,laqmifvmaom qGr;f xkyrf sm;udk bkO;f ay;awmfrMl uonf/ 11 -em&D rdepf 50 -wGif ¤if;rS qufvufxGufcGm&m 1 -
em&D 15 -rdepfwGif aw*,f ( Tese) ûrdYoYkd a&mufawmfro l nf? ,if;ûrdYüvnf; w½kwb f &k m;ausmif;ü acwå0ifí ,if;
XmerSuyfaom tazsm, f rumrsm; bkO;f ay;awmfrMl uonf? 2-em&Dtcsed w f iG f ,if;XmerS xGucf mG Mujyef&m 3-em&D
tcsdewf iG f ayuvH*k ef (Pekaionsan) ûrdYod Yk a&mufawmfrMl uonf? xdûk rdYü t½Sief m&'u w&m;a[mawmfrí l tjcm;
q&mawmfrsm;u y&dw½f w G af wmfrMl uonf? ¤if;XmerS 3 -em&D 45 -rdepfwiG f xGucf mG awmfrMl u&m befa'gif;rSrikd af ygif;
220-a0;uGmonfh qrm&rf( Semarans) ûrdYawmifbuf 10 -rdik u f mG 0gwk*½kH mG 0d[m&Ak'*¨ ,mausmif;odkY 6-em&D 15 -
rdepftcsdew f iG f a&mufawmfrMl uonf/
odrfae&m Munfh½Ijcif;
q&mawmfwYkd onf uqkev f qef; 13 -&ufaeY eHeufqrG ;f bkO;f ay;awmfrNl yD;aemuf odro f rkwrf nfah e&mudk
oGm;a&mufMunf½h MI uonf? 0d[m&Ak'*¨ ,mrS wrdik cf efYa0;uGmavonf? ay 100 -cefYerd ahf om csdKifx h oJ Ykd vnf; qif;
oGm;&avonf? ¤if;Xmeudk Ak'Z¨ ,EÅd 0d[m&[k trnfay;xm;onf/ ausmif;taqmufttHrk sm;rSm tBuD;wckç ti,f
wck½&dS m tBuD;rSm tvsm;ay 40ç teHay 30 -cefY ½Sad vonf? ¤if;ausmif;ae&mudyk if odro f rkw&f ef oabmwlMu
onf? xdo k rd af e&mrSm atmufay 100 -ausmfavmuf tedrw hf iG f a&rjywf pD;qif;aeaom prf;acsmif;½So d nf? ausmif;
ajrtus,ft0ef;rSm {u 200 -cefY½adS om[l\? ¤if;ajruGuv f yfukd ausmif;wdu
k jf zpfap&ef w½kw'f umwOD;u vª
'gef;avonf/
oDrmor®eew¬m,ç ax&m o[dwrmeom?

MoavmauoHk oDrmXmeHç oDrmudapöok aum0d'g/
'kwd,tBudrf ½SifjyKay;Mujcif;
uqkevf qef; 15 -&ufaeY eHeuf 9 -em&Dtcsdew f iG f ½Siaf vmif;ESpyf g;udk ½Siûf yay;awmfrMl uonf? ¤if; 2 -yg;
wdYk rmS qrm&rfrwS yg;ç AmvDuRef;rS wyg;jzpfavonf? qrm&rfr½S iS af vmif;udk ½SiZf ed meE´trnfjzifh omraP
0wfay;awmfrMl uonf? AmvDuRef;rS ½Siaf vmif;udk ½SiZf ed yÜ, d trnfjzifh omraP0wfay;Muonf? ½SiZf ed yÜ, d udk AmvD
uRef;odYk a&mufaomf &[ef;ûyay;awmfrMl uonf? ½Siûf yyGo J Ykd vly&dowfaygif; 200 -ausmf wufa&muf Muonf?
q&mawmfrsm;\ aqmif½u G rf aI Mumifh ,cifrawGYrjrifz;l aom ½Sio f mraPûyyGu J kd jrifMu&onf? q&mawmfrsm; \
êud;yrf;csufonf rsm;pGmtusdK;½Sad yonf/
ax&meH orkóma[e? omoeOóa0g r[m?

ax&dEm´ eH [d Oóma[mç twd0 ozavm [d acg/
odrf½Sd&mausmif;wdkuf Mum½Snfwnf
e acg&mZ {wåm0wmç oHCm&marm ywd|ad wm?

oDrmor®Eeé H emrç tEkZmed wxm*awm 1/
'umawmf a'0geH yd,wdórif;jrwf ausmif;wdu k pf on f wnfaqmufv'ª gef;½Hrk Qjzifh oHCmhtm&mrf

ausmif;wduk Bf uD; Mum½Snaf v;jrifh rwnfwEhH ikd af o;? odro
f rkw&f ef bk&m;ZdaemfciG ûhf yawmf rlco hJ nf ponfjzifh
oD[Vkd o
f moemûyacgif;aqmif t½Sirf [dEa´ x&fu oD[Vkd u f Ref; r[m0d[m& ausmif;wdu k Bf uD; \ 'g,um a'0geH
yd,wdórif;BuD;tm; rdeYf Mum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? odYk jzpfí odr½f rdS S ausmif;wdu
k rf sm; Mum½Snaf v;jrifw h nfEikd af Mumif;
odomavonf/
odrforkwfawmfrlMujcif;
q&mawmfwYkd onf ¤if;aeYreG ;f vGJ 2-em&Dtcsdew f iG f uqkevf qef; 13 -&ufaeYu Munf½h cI o hJ nfh Ak'Z¨ ,EÅd
0d[m&okYd wzef<ua&mufawmfrí l odro f rkwaf wmfrMl uonf? a½S;OD;pGm t&yf½pS rf sufEmS ESihf tv,fA[dt
k m;jzifh 9-
XmewdYk ü odrEf w
k jf cif; udpu
ö ûkd yawmfrMl uonf/
xdYk aemuf oD[Vkd q

f &mawmf t½Sief m&'rax&fu odref rd w d rf sm;½d&modYk <ua&mufvn S v
hf nfí vnf;aumif;?
r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;u tv,fA[dük wnfí vnf;aumif; odref rd w d f Mum;awmfrMl uonf? ¤if;aemuf t½Sif
em&'ç t½Sit f &d,0Hoç r[mpnfq&mawmfwYkd u oDrmor®Kwd ur®0gpm½Gwzf wfí odro f rkwaf wmfrMl uonf? uqkef
vjynfah eYjzpfojzifh ,if;odro f pfü oHCOykou f v
kd nf; ûyawmfrMl uonf? tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;Edik if üH xl;jcm;aomomoemh
yGBJ uD; jzpfavonf? Munfño kd yl &dowfaygif; 300 cefY½&dS m jrefrmç oD[Vkd f (oD&v d uFm)ç ,d;k ',m; (xdik ;f )
oHr;ª rsm;vnf; yg0ifMuonf/
tif'ekd ;D ½Sm; 0doa,[dç ydoad |m Oóa0g b0d?

0do|d meH yg,mareç omoeH [d olaZmw,d/
Ak'¨*,mausmif;ü a0omcyGJawmfusif;yjcif;
uqkev f jynfah eYnae 5-em&Dtcsdew f iG f qrm&rfûrdYteD; 0gwH*k ½kH mG ½Sd 0d[m& Ak'*¨ ,mausmif;ü a0omcyGJ
awmf usif;yylaZmfMuonf? xdyk aJG wmf tcrf;tem;ü ,d;k ',m; (xdik ;f )ç ua rÁm'D;,m; (urfy;l csm;)ç oD[Vkd f
(oD&v d uFm) Edik if w
H Ykd rS tif'ekd ;D ½Sm; ½Siûf y&[ef;cHrsm;twGuf vª'gef;vdu k af om oydwo f uFe;f rsm;udk oufqikd &f m
yk*Kd¾ vfrsm;uwqifh vª'gef;Muonf? jrefrmEdik if aH wmf Ak'o ¨ moemtzGYJ rv S nf; ½Siaf vmif;ç &[ef;avmif; 6-yg;
twGuf &nfp;l vª 'gef;vdu k af om ouFe;f ç oydwpf aom y&du&© mrsm;udk jrefrmoHr;ª OD;wifvwfu wqifh vª'gef;av
onf? Ak'o ¨ moemtzGYJ rS vª'gef;vdu k af om ypön;f rsm;rSm -
1/ 2-xyfouFe;f BuD; 3-xnf?

2/ 'dGpHkouFef; 12-pH?k
3/ oydwfESifh oydwftdwf 6-pH?k
4/ oifwHk;"m;ç cg;ywfêud;ç a&ppfç tyfxkyfESifh tyfcsnfç ,yf 6 -ckp?D
5/ w&m;tm;xkw&f jcif; taMumif; t*Fvyd f bmomjyef pmtkyrf sm;?
6/ owd;k r[moa&pnfol w&m;0efBuD; OD;csex f eG ;f \ tar&duefwiG f bmoma&;
tpnf;ta0;rsm;ü a[majymcJah om rdeYf ceG ;f pmtkyrf sm;jzpfonf/
oD[Vkd q
f &mawmf t½Sief m&'u a0omcylaZmfyw
JG iG f w&m;"r®rsm;udk a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf/
r[mpnfq&mawmf w&m;a[mawmfrljcif;
¤if;aemuf acwå&yfem;NyD; 7-em&D rdepf 20 -wGif r[mpnf q&mawmfu 0dyóemw&m;awmfukd tusO;f csKyf
a[mMum;awmfrol nf? oHr;ª OD;wifvwfu t*Fvyd b f momjyefonf? t½SiZf ed &u©w
d u tif'ekd ;D ½Sm; bmomjyefonf?
y&dowfrmS 200-ausmfcefY½ad S om[l\/
a0omc Oóa0 axa&mç r[mpnf,wd ukOaÆ &m?

"ar®m'aue MoodOçdÆ orÜawå A[kav Zae/
xl;jcm;aom &[ef;cHyGJ
uqkev f jynfah usmf 1-&ufaeY eHeuf 8-em&Dtcsed w f iG f ,cifaeYu orkwcf hJ aom Ak'Z¨ ,EÅo
d rd üf omraP
½SiZf ed ykwu å kd &[ef;cHay;Muonf? OyZÑm,fq&mawmfrmS uarÁm'D;,m;omoemydik q f &mawmfjzpfí ur®0gpm
q&mawmfrsm;rSm oD[Vkd q f &mawmf t½Sief m&'ç oD[Vkd qf &mawmf t½Sit f &d,0HoESihf r[mpnfq&mawmfwYkd jzpf
awmfrMl uonf? vma&mufMunfñMkd uaom 'umç 'umr rsm;udk t½Sief m&'u w&m;a[mawmfro l nf? tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;
Edik if H *sm0g;uRe;f ü wcgrSrMum;cJh rawGYczhJ ;l aom &[ef;cHyu
JG kd 'umç 'umrwdYk ykaAÁpuwykn axmufrojzifh
zl;&jrifMu&avonf? xl;jcm;aom&[ef;cHyyJG gwum;/
t½Sifem&' a[mMum;onfhw&m;t>ruf
q&mawmf t½Sief m&'onf ordik ;f aMumif;qefqef atmufygtwdik ;f a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf/
tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;Edik if H *sm0g;uRef;ü a½S;,cifurMum;zl;cJah om ax&0g'&[ef;cHupd u ö kd aqmif½u G Nf yD;jzpfaMumif;?

vGecf ahJ om 25 -ESpu f *sm0g;uRef;odYk a&mufczhJ ;l &m xdpk Ofu Ak'¨ bmom0iftppfqv kd Qif wOD;wa,mufrQ rawGYc&hJ
aMumif;? vGecf ahJ om ig;ESpt f wGi;f u tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;rSm Ak'b ¨ mom&[ef;qdv k Qif Zde&u©w d wyg;wnf;om½Scd ahJ Mumif;?
¤if;rSm omoemwnfxeG ;f &eftwGuf wyg;wnf;yif ig;ESpyf wfv;kH êud;pm;cJah Mumif;? xdo k Ykd êud;pm;ojzifh ,cktcg
rSm Ak'b ¨ mom0if tppfjzpfaom tif'ekd ;D ½Sm; jynfojl ynfom; Oygoumç Oygodumrrsm;udk rsm;pGmawGY&aMumif;?
0d[m&ac: ausmif;rsm;vJ wnf½adS eNyD;jzpfaMumif;? omoemhtajc odrv f nf;jzpfay:vmonfjh yif tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;Edik if o H m;
&[ef;wyg;vnf; wd;k vmNyDjzpfaMumif;? ,refaeYuyif omraP 2-yg;udv k nf; xyfrûH yay;xm;ojzifh ,cktcgrSm
tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;Edik if o
H m; &[ef;ç omraP 4-yg; ½Sad eNyDjzpfaMumif;? odYk jzpfí 'DuaeYrmS tultnDwynf&h [ef;ç
omraPrsm;ESiw hf uG Zde&u¨w d u omoemawmfukd wd;k íûypkEikd rf nf[k arQmv f if&h aMumif;? ,ckvma&muf Munfñkd
tm;ay;Muaom yk*Kd¾ vfawGrmS omoemawmfukd 0dik ;f 0ef;í tm;ay; axmufyMhH uaom omoe'g,umrsm;jzpfí vGef
uJx;l jrwfaom ukov kd tf xl;udk &MuaMumif;? xdu k ok vkd f \ tpGr;f aMumifh vlç ewfç edAmÁ efo;kH wefaom csrf;omudk
rdrw
d Ykdtvdq k E´twdik ;f &MurnfrmS {uefrck sjzpfaMumif;? aemif vJ 'Dvo kd moemûyudpu ö kd pGr;f Edik o
f nfb
h ufu tm;ay;
ulnMD u apvdak Mumif; ponfjzifh a[mMum;avonf? q&mawmft½Sief m&'onf urÇmod "r®uxduyk*Kd¾ vf jzpfav
onf? tbd"r®wo ¬ *F[ç "r®y'ponfh usr;f rsm;pGmudv k nf; t*Fvyd b f momjzifh ûypD&ifco hJ nfh yk*Kd¾ vfjrwfjzpfav
onf? ol\ a[mMum;csufum; trSet f wdik ;f a[mMum;csufjzpfavonf/
b'ÉeÅ m&a'g axa&mç yod'"¨ r®0gpaum?

{wó "r®0peHç opöH opöEdÅ aemrwd/
*sE´Drif'Gwfqif;wkawmfzl;jrif
1320-ckEpS f uqefvjynfah usm f 1-&ufaeYrmS pef;,SOef u©wf tvdt k m;jzifh xdx&d ufaphonfh uqkev f jynfh
aeYjzpfonf? urÇmt&yf&yf½dS Edik if aH ygif; 40 -ausmrf S Ak'b
¨ mom0ifwYkdu xdak eYrmS yif a0omc Ak'a¨ eYtjzpfjzifh usi;f y
Muonf? xdYk aMumifh xkad eYrmS yif aAma&mAk';l apwDawmfü Ak'a¨ eYtcrf;tem;usi;f y &ef pDpOfxm;onft h wdik ;f omoem
ûy q&mawmfrsm;onf aeY 12 -em&DwiG f aemufygwynfh y&dowfEiS w hf uG aAma&mAk';l odYk um;jzifx h uG cf MhJ uonf?
c&D;rSm rdik f 60 -cefY a0;uGmonf? 1-em&D 45 -rdepfwiG f aAma&mAk';l ESihf 2-rdik cf efY tuGm½Sd *sED́rif'w G f
(Tjandimendut) bk&m;ausmif;odYk a&mufawmfrMl uonf? *sE´rD if'w G tf &yf½dS bk&m;ausmif;[k qdv k o
kd nf? xdak 'oü
aAma&mAk';l odYk zk;ajrmf&efomG ;vQif *sErD´ if'w G u

f kd OD;pGmyxrzl;ajrmfNyD;rS oGm;&aom tavhtx½So d nf[k od&onf?
xdak eYu *sE´rD if'w
G üf pnf;a0;a&muf½adS eaom y&dowfrmS oHk ;axmif (3000) cefY½adS vonf? bk&m;ausmif;aqmifrmS
ausmufw;kH rsm;jzifph íD wnfaqmufxm;aom taqmufttHjk zpfavonf? atmufajccHrk mS 8-ayavmufjrifo h nf?
tay:ausmif;aqmifrmS ay 20 -avmuf jrifah om[l \? tcef;xJü tv,fyv’ix f ufü ajcaxmufawmfwv JG cJ svsuf
xdik af eyHb
k &k m;qif;wkawmfBuD; wql½o dS nf? armfvûrdiûf rdY usKd ufra&mbk&m;BuD;rS qif;wkawmfEiS hf cyfqifqifjzpfav
onf? vuf0J vuf,m 2-bufü xdik af eyHk aAm"dowå½yk w f Ek pS q
f ½l adS vonf? q&mawmfonf azmfjyyg *sE´rD if'wG f
qif;wkawmfBuD;udv k nf; zl;ajrmfawmfrcl o hJ nf/
*sErD´ if'w
G yf #drrÜçd orÁKa'¨ edEré meaom?
r[mpnf ax&ygarmau©mç om'&H t0ED́ [d acg/
aAma&mAk'l; apwDawmf&ifjyif a0omcylaZmfyGJ
¤if;aemuf aAma&mAk';l odYk qufvufxu G cf mG awmfrMl u&m 3 -em&DcJG apwDBuD;teD; r@yfoYkda&muf awmfrMl u
onf? vma&mufMunf½h MI uaom y&dowfBuD;rSm apwDawmfBuD; ajc&if;½Sd ay 600_300avmufus,af om uGi;f BuD;
wckvHk; jynfhvsuf½Sdonf? nae 5 -em&Dtcsdew f iG f tcrf;tem;pzGio hf nf/ q&mawmf t½Sief m&'u a0omcylaZmfyJG
usi;f y&jcif;\taMumif; aAma&mAk';l ap wDawmfBuD;taMumif;ç ax&0g'Edik if rH sm;rS omoemûyrax&frsm; <uvmjcif;
\taMumif; ponfwYkdukd a[majymawmfro l nf? uarÁm'D;,m; omoemydik f q&mawmfBuD;uvnf; tenf;i,f a[m
ajymawmfro l nf? r[mpnfq&mawmf bk&m;uvnf; a[majymawmfro l nf? ,d;k ',m;q&mawmfuvnf; tenf;i,f
a[majymonf? xdYk aemuf *syefbek ;f awmfBuD; wyg;uvnf; tenf;i,fa[majymonf? oD[Vkd çf ,d;k ',m;oHr;ª rsm;
a[majymNyD;aemuf jrefrmoHr;ª OD;wifvwfu a[majymonf? ,if;odYk jzifh a0omcylaZmfyo JG nf odu
k o
f ukd ûf rduûf rduf
crf;crf;em;em; usi;f yNyD;qH;k cJah vonf/
a0omc'deylZmpç r[maxa&[d um&dwm?

tif'ekd ;D ½Sm; ok&a|m[dç 'kvb
’ m om0keE´w
d m/
aAma&mAk'l;apwDBuD; ylaZmfMujcif;
aAma&mAk';l (Borobudur) [laomtrnfrmS 0d[m& Ak';l rSjzpfvmonf? Ak';l rnfaom ½GmteD;ü wnfxm;
ud;k uG,cf o
hJ nfh bk&m;ausmif;awmf[k qdv
k o
kd nf? apwDawmfBuD;rSm ywfvnfvn S Ehf ikd af om tqifh 9-qif½h o dS nf?
uarÁm'D;,m; omoemydik f q&mawmfBuD;u rD;wdik u f u
kd ikd v
f suf a½SYq;kH rS vSnv
hf nfawmf rlonf? xdq k &mawmfBuD;
aemufrS usefq&mawmfrsm; tpOftwdik ;f vSnv hf nfMuonf? ¤if;aemufrS 'umç 'umrwdYk vSnv hf nfvukd yf gMu
onf/
r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;onf-
]]Aka'¨g aom b*0g aAm"m, "r®H a'aowd}} igwdYk jrwfpmG bk&m;onf ud,
k af wmfwikd f trSew
f &m;udk odawmf
rlNyD;rS igwdYk tm;vnf; tvm;wlyif odjrifap&ef trS efw&m;udk a[mMum;awmfrcl yhJ gayonf/
]]'aEÅm aom b*0g 'rxm, "r®H a'aowd}} igwdYk jrwfpmG bk&m;onf ud,
k af wmfwikd f ,Ofaus;awmfrNl yD;rS
igwdYk tm;vnf; tvm;wlyif ,Ofaus;ap&ef trSew
f &m;udk a[mMum;awmf rlcyhJ gayonf/
]]oaEÅm aom b*0g orxm, "r®H a'aowd}} igwdYk jrwfpmG bk&m;onf ud, k af wmfwikd Nf idro
f uf odraf rTYawmf
rlNyD;rS igwdYk tm;vnf; tvm;wl Nidro
f uford af rTYap&ef trSew
f &m;udk a[mMum;awmfrcl hJ ygayonf/
]]wdaPÖm aom b*0g w&Pm, "r®H a'aowd}} igwdYk jrwfpmG bk&m;onf ud, k af wmfwikd f oHo&ma&vsO u
f kd
ul;ajrmufawmfrNl yD;rS igwdYk tm;vnf; tvm;wl ul;ajrmufap&ef trSew
f &m;udk a[mMum;awmfrcl yhJ gayonf/
]]y&deAd LÁ awm aom b*0g y&deAd mÁ em, "r®H a'aowd}} igwdYk jrwfpmG bk&m;onf ud, k af wmfwikd f udavom
tylr;D tvH;k pHNk idr;f at;awmfrNl yD;rS igwdYk tm;vnf ; tvm;wlNidr;f at;ap&ef trSew f &m;udk a[mMum;awmf rlcyhJ gay
onf? þodYk ponfjzifh bk&m;*kPaf wmfrsm;udk ESv;kH oGi;f ½Gwq f v
kd suf vSnv hf nfyal ZmfcahJ vonf? q&mawmfonf
,if;odYk z;l ajrmf,if; yDwad wG jzpfcahJ vonf? ,if;yDwrd sm; c,ç 0,tm;jzifq h ifjcif ESv;kH oGi;f awmfrcl hJ avonf/
0dp&EÅó ax&óç yDwd OyÜZdÆ wm0a'?

or®od c,0,awmç Ak'g¨ &r®PyDwud /H
tjcm; q&mawmfrsm;onfvnf; rdrw

d Ykd avhusifNh yD; *kPaf wmfrsm;udk ½Gwq
f ykd mG ;rsm; vSnv
hf nfawmfrMl uonf/
apwDBuD;ay: bm0emyGm;rsm;Mu
&maygif;ocsmF jrm;ajrmufpmG aom Oygoumç Oygodumrrsm;ESihf omoemûy q&mawmfrsm;onf apwDawmf

jrwfBuD;udk vSnv hf nfyal ZmfNyD;aemuf ta½SYbufrsufEmS ½Sd av[mjyifqif;wkawmfBuD; \? a½SYüpk½;kH Muum bk&m;
jrwfpmG \*kPaf wmfrsm;udk tm½Hûk yMuí qDr;D ç yef;ç tarT;wdik f ponfjzifh ylaZmfMuonf? y&dwf arwåm bm0emrsm;
udv
k nf; ½Gwzf wfymG ;rsm;ç xdYk aemuf txufq;kH tqifo h Ykd wufí tv,fA[dk apwDawmfjrwfBuD;udk 0ef;&Hum Ak'g¨
Ekówd arwåmESiçhf 0dyóembm0emrsm;udk 1-em&DcefY Nidro f ufpmG yGm;rsm;tm;xkwMf uonf/
wo®ð apwD, ao|rSçd *[|m yAÁZwdÆ m Oabm?

bma0oHk Ak'g¨ Ekówd -tm'dbm0erkwaå r/
vlOD;a& 6-aomif;cefY
a0omcylaZmfyBJG uD;odYk wufa&mufaomvlxrk mS 6-aomif;cefY½o

dS nf [k qdMk uo nf? ,if;vlxx
k w
J iG f Ak'¨
omoem ,HMk unfoOl ;D a&rSm tenf;i,fomyg½Sí
d Ak'o
¨ moemr,HMk unfow l Ykd om rsm;aom[l \/
a0omcyGJawmfrdefYcGef;
azmfjyyg a0omcylaZmfyüJG >rufMum;onfh ax&0g' ig;Edik if rH S q&mawmfrsm; \ rdeYf ceG ;f rsm; teuf r[mpnf
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;\ rdeYf ceG ;f udk atmufygtwdik ;f azmfjytyfygonf/
tif'dkeD;½Sm; trsdK;om;taygif;wdkY (22 -5-59) ,aeY[m pef;,SOef u©wf tvdk

tm;jzifh wdx&D ufaph uqkev f jynfah eY jzpfayw,f? vGecf ahJ om 2583 -ESpu f 0domcg
eu©wEf iS hf ,SOv f suf 0dik ;f 0dik ;f wdwd v0ef;jy nfw h hJ 'Dvakd eYrsdK;rSmyJ igwdYk b&k m;tavmif;
zGm;jrifawmfrcl w hJ ,f? vGecf ahJ om 2548 -ESpu f 'Dvakd eYrsdK;rSmyJ w&m;tvH;k pHu k kd rSepf mG
odvsuf bk&m;tjzpfoYkd a&mufawmfrcl w hJ ,f? vGecf ahJ om 2503 -ESpu f 'DaeYrsdK;rSmyJ ig
wdYk jrwfpmG bk&m;[m 'kuc© yford ;f Nidr;f &m ed AÁmefpcef;odYk <ujref;awmfrcl w hJ ,f? 'gaMumifh
'DuaeY[m yuwdtm;jzifyh if tav;tjrwfûyNyD; rSwo f m;xduk w f ahJ eYç usuo f a&
r*Fvmtaygif;ESihf jynfph w kH ahJ eY jzpfayw,f/
tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;Edik if t
H wGuf xl;jcm;wmuawmh tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;&[ef; Zde&u©w d ES ifh
wuG oD[Vkd çf ,d;k ',m;ç uarÁm'D;,m;ç jrefrmjynfqw kd hJ ax&0g' 4 -Edik if H &[ef;awmf
taygif; oHCmawmfu 'DEikd if rH mS b,fawmhurS r½Szd ;l wJh odrq f w
kd mudk orkww f ,f?
tif'ekd ;D ½Sm; wdik ;f &if;om;wOD;udv k J Ak'o
¨ moemawmfrmS &[ef;tjzpfjzifh wifoiG ;f ay;
w,f? 'gaMumifh 'DaeY[m 'DEikd if t H wGuf ydNk yD;usufoa&r*Fvm½Sw d hJ aeYx;l aeYjrwfBuD;
jzpfayw,f? 'Dr*FvmaeYx;l aeYjrwfupNyD; 'DEikd if rH mS omoemawmf[m waeYwjcm;
wd;k wufNyD;awmh a½S;a½S;wke;f uvdyk J Ak'o ¨ moemawmf tvif;a&mifjzifh wajymifajymif
awmufyygapvdYk qkawmif;ygw,f/
'Dvq
kd ak wmif;&jcif;\ taMumif;uawmh 'DaAma&mAk';l apwDawmfBuD;udk
wnfaqmufwhJ ½Sp&f mpkEpS q f u
D qdv k Qif 'D*sm0guRef;u vlawG[m trsm;tm;jzifh Ak'¨
bmom0ifawGcsn;f jzpfygw,f? 'DuRe;f wGif ruao;bl;? tJ'aD cwfwek ;f uqdv k Qif
pkrMwmuRe;f rSma&mç rmvm,kEikd if rH mS a&m rsm;aomtm;jzifh Ak'b ¨ mom0ifawGcsn;f
jzpfMuw,fqw kd m oD&0d Zd ,Edik if aH wmfBuD; jzpfcyhJ EkH iS hf tdE,
d´ Edik if H emvEáusmif;awmf
&mrS wl;azmf&½Sw d hJ aMu;jym;rSww f rf;pmwdYk t&tm;jzifh xif½mS ;ygw,f? 'gaMumifh
xdpk Ofumvwke;f uqdv k Qif tdE, d´ Edik if rH S pNyD; puFmy t
l xd yifv,furf;½d;k wef;
wavQmufv;kH rSma&mç 'Dtif'ekd ;D ½Sm;Edik if H uRef;pkawGrmS a&m Ak'o ¨ moem tvif;a&mif
jzifh wajymifajymifawmufyvsuf tvGeyf if usuo f a&r*Fvm½Scd w hJ ,f? wifw
h ,fchJ
w,f qdw k mudk ajrmfawG;NyDMunfEh ikd yf gw,f/
NyD;awmh Ak'o ¨ moemqdw k muv J om;iSuf wd&pämefuav; awGrpS NyD; b,foYl

udrk S tusKd ;rJrh ûyzdYk &ef nTeMf um;qH;k rxm;w,f? onf;cHjcif;ç cspcf ifjcif;ç oem;iJñ h mS
jcif;wdYk jzifh olwyg;udk apmifah ½Smufun l zD Ykd &ef nTeMf um;qH;k rxm;w,f? 'gaMumifh tJ'D
½Sp&f mpkEpS qf uD qdv k Qif tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;Edik if u
H vlawG[m cEÅçD arwåmç u½kPmw&m;awGukd
vufuikd x f m;NyD;awmh Ak'o ¨ moem "r® olawmfaumif;w&m;awGukd yGm;rsm;aecJrh mS yJvYkd
awG;qNyD; odEikd yf gw,f/
tJ'oD al wmfaumif; w&m;awGukd yGm;rsm;aecJw h hJ olawG[m wjcm;u vlawG

r[kwb f ;l ? ,ckvuf½dS tif'ekd ;D ½Sm; jyn o f l jynfom;awG \ bd;k bGm;a[mif;awGyjJ zpf
ygw,f? rdbtqufEiS hf qdv k Qif odyrf a0;vSao;ygbl;? tqufaygif; oH;k av;q,f
avmufyJ ½Syd gOD;r,f? 'gayr,fh tJ'b D ;kd bGm;rdba[mif;awG \ om;ç ajr; tquf
tEG,jf zpfMuwJh ,ckacwf tcsdKYval wGrmS tzd;k twefq;kH jzpfwhJ bd;k bGm;ydik f &w em
tarGtESpaf wGrS qH;k ½H;I aeMu½Smw,f? tJ't D arGtESpaf wGu bmawGvq J v
kd Qif bk&m;
&wemç w&m;&wemç oHCm&wemawGygyJ? vGecf w hJ hJ ig;ESp&f YJ a½S;[kb
d ufumvwke;f
u qdvk Qif 'DEikd if rH mS Ak'a¨ 'oemawmft& ]]Ak'Ḧ o&PH *pämrd}} ponfjzifh ½Gwq f Nkd yD;
o&P*Hw k nfwhJ Oygoum Oy godumrqdw k m wOD;wa,mufavmufawmif awGY&zdYk cJ
,Of;vsuf½SdcJhygw,f/
'gayr,fh ,ckawmhrcJ,Of;ygbl;? taMumif;uawmh 1953 -ckEpS u

f 'D
tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;Edik if H *sm0g;uRef;u rpöwmbGet f efqw kd hJ trsdK;om;wOD;[m w&m;ppfw&m;
rSeu f kd pHpk rf;½SmazG,if; jrefrmjynfo Ykd a&mufvmcJyh gw,f? tJ'D bGet f ef[m &efuek ûf rdY
omoemh&yd o f mrSm q&mawmf \Mo0g'udck , H Nl yD; 0dyóembm0em tvkyu f kd tm;xkwf
usifo h ;kH cJyh gw,f? 'Dvu kd sifo
h ;kH vdYk Ak'o ¨ moemawmf \ tESpo f m&jzpfwhJ oDvç orm"dç
ynmw&m;xl;awGukd olu, kd wf ikd yf J xif½mS ;odomG ;cJyh gw,f? 'Dv w kd &m;ppf w&m;rSeu f kd
ud, k w f ikd of &d wJt h wGuf bGet f ef[m Ak'o ¨ moemawmfrmS &[efûycJyh gw,f/ omoemûy
Edik vf rd rhf ,fvYkd ajrmfawG;NyD;awmh q&mawmfu tJ'&D [ef;opfuav;udk Zde&u©w d vdYk
bGYJ trnfay;vdu k yf gw,f/
tJ't
D if'ekd ;D ½Sm;&[ef; Zde&u©w d [m q&mawmf \xHrmS omoe"r®ukd wESpf
ausmaf usmo f ifMum; avhvmNyD;awmh ol \ZmwdXme tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;udyk J jyefomG ;cJw h ,f?
jyefomG ;NyD;awmh olu, kd w
f ikd f awGYovd mwJh Ak'o ¨ moem"r®w&m; t&omawGukd ol \
wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;vJ odapvdw k t
hJ wGuf cJc, J Of;,Of;eJY êud;pm;tm;xkwcf yhJ gw,f? 'Dvkd
Zde&u©w d &JY tm;xkwrf aI Mumifh vGecf w hJ ihJ g;ESpt
f wGi;f rSm Ak'o
¨ moe"r®ukd odem;vnf
NyD;awmh vlaygif;ajcmuf&m 600-avmuf Oygoumtjzpf cH,Ml uygw,f/
«¤if;rSm a0omcyGrJ usi;f yrDu &xm;aom pm&if;jzpfonf? a0omcyGaJ wmfrpS

í aemufxyfvnf; wd;k wufvmaomaMumifh ,cktcg rSm Oygoumtjzpf cH,o l al ygif;
ckepf&m 700 -ausmf ½Sad vNyD? *sLvdik v
f xJrmS tdraf jc ckepf&mavmuf½adS om ½GmrS ½GmvH;k
uRwf Ak'b ¨ mom0iftjzpfc, H rl nf [lívnf; owif;aumif; pum;Mum;cJ&h ao;onf/»
,cktcgü Oygoumtppf OygodumrtppfjzpfaeMuwJh 'Dy*k Kd¾ vfrsm; \

o&P*Ho k v
D aqmufwnfMuwJh toHç w&m;"r® ½Gwq f Mkd uwJt
h oHrsm;udk Mum;&
ojzifh igwdYk omoemûyq&mawmf rsm;rsm 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjcif; yDwad omreóawG
rsm;pGmjzpf&ygw,f? bk&m;vufxufawmfu Oygoum Oygodumr rsm;vdyk if Munf
ñdzk ,
G f aumif;Muygayw,fvYkd vJ atmufarhrMd uygw,f/
'gaMumifh Zde&u©w d \ omoemûyvkyif ef;[m ½Snjf rifph mG aom umvu

aysmufq;kH aecJw
h hJ bd;k bGm;a[mif;awG&YJ tarGtESpjf zpfwhJ a½TaiGpaom tzd;k wef&wem
awGukd xkwaf zmfNyD;nTejf ywmeJY wlygayw,f? avmurSm½Sw d hJ tzd;k wef &wemawGxrJ mS
bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCmqdw k hJ &wema vmuf tzd;k wefw[ hJ mr½Syd gbl;? avmuD&wemqdk
wm[m b,favmufyJ tzd;k wefayr,fh ,ckb0 avmufomtoH;k usw,f? aemufb0
awGuakd wmh ,lroGm;Edik b f ;l ? bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCmqdw k hJ &wemawGuawmh ,ckb0
Munfñkd ud;k uG,v f Qif tJ'yD *k Kd¾ vf[m b0aygif; ra&rwGuEf ikd af tmif aumif;pm;
csrf;omoGm;Edik yf gw,f? tif'ekd ;D ½Sm; trsdK;om;taygif;wdYk tJ'v D tkd zd;k twefq;kH jzpfwhJ
&wemoH;k yg; tarGtESpaf wG[m oifwYkd \ bd;k bGm;a[mif;awG&YJ tarGtESpjf zpfw,f?
tJwmawG[m vGecf w hJ EhJ pS af ygif; ckepf&mavmufupNyD; aysmufq;kH vmcJyh gw,f? tJ'D
tzd;k wef &we mtarGtESpaf wG[m Zde&u©w d &[ef; \ êud;yrf;rIaMumifh oifwYkd&YJ
rsufarSmufrmS a&mufaeygNyD? o'¨g,HMk unfr½I NdS yD; tvd½k MdS ur,fqv kd Qif tvG,u f av;
eJYyJ vufcH odr;f ,lEikd Mf uygw,f/
NyD;awmh Zde&u©w d \ êud;yrf;rIaMumifh 'Dtif'ekd ;D ½Sm;rSm omoemawmf \ tajctj rpf

jzpfwo hJ rd u f v
kd J orkwNf yD;NyD? tif'ekd ;D ½Sm; trsKd ;om;wOD;udv k nf; &[ef;ûyay;NyD;NyD?'Dvkd
odro f rkw&f [ef;cHay;&mrSm oD[Vkd çf ,d;k ',m;ç uarÁm'D;,m;ç jrefrmjynfqw kd hJ ax&
0g' 4-Edik if u H &[ef;awmfrsm;yg0ifNyD; aqmif½u G Mf uw,f? 'gaMumifh ,cktif'ekd ;D ½Sm;
rSm wnf½SdaewJh omoemawmf[m tJ'D ax&0g' 4 -Edik if v H ;kH ESihf pyfqikd af ew,f? tJ'D
4-Edik if v H ;kH u igwdYk ûypkxm;wJh omoemawmfyv J Ykd ESv;kH oGi;f NyD;awmh y&d,wåo d '¨rç® y#d
ywåo d '¨r«qdw k hJ cGet
f m;Avudk xyfcgxyfcgay;NyD; csD;ajr§mufzYkd wm0ef0wå&m; ½Sad eyg
w,f? 'gaMumifh tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;u Ak'o ¨ moemawmf[m wd;k wufzYkd ½Sad eygw,f/
'gwGirf uao;bl;? 'DEikd if rH mS omoemudpk NyD;ûywJh Zde&u©w d &[ef;[m pmawGY

y&d,wfoufoufEiS hf omoemûywmr[kwb f ;l ? r*fç zdv
k f y#da0"wdik af tmif qdu
k f
a&mufapEdik w
f hJ vufawGY y#dywfEiS v hf nf; omo emûyaeygw,f? t½Sirf [mr[dE´
rax&f oD[Vkd rf mS omoemûywmrsKd ;ygyJ? 'gaMumifv h nf; tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;u Ak'o
¨ moem
awmf[m twdik ;f xuf tvGew f ;kd wufomG ;zdYk ½Syd gw,f? Ak'o ¨ moemawmf wd;k wufvm
vQif vltrsm;awGrmS tusdK;rsm;zdYk ç csrf;omzdYk yJ jzpfygw,f? 'gaMumifh q&mawmfu
atmufygqkawmif; yw¬emrsm;ESihf ed*;kH csKyfvykd gw,f/
- tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;Edik if rH mS Ak'o

¨ moemawmf waeYwjcm;wd;k yGm;ygap/
- tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;Edik if [
H m ab;&efuif;uGmvsuf csrf;om<u,f0ygap/
- wurÇmvH;k u owå0gtaygif;vnf; ab;&efuif;uGm vsuf csrf;omMuyg

ap/
(yH)k t½Siaf ombe

t*¾r[my@dw r[mpnfq&mawmf
r[mpnfq&mawmf\ txufygrdeYf ceG ;f udk jrefrmoHr;ª OD;wifvwfu t*Fvyd b

f mom jyefqakd y;onf?¤if;udk
t½SiZf ed &u©w
d u tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;bmomjyefqí
kd a0omctpnf;ta0;yGüJ a[mMum;onf/
ESpfzGJYcGJí vSnfhvnfw&m;a[mjcif;
tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;Edik if üH t½Sief m&'tzGYJ u *sm0g; ta½SYawmifyikd ;f odYk vSnv hf nfw&m;a[mawmfrí l r[mpnf
q&mawmftzGYJ u *sm0g;ta½SYajrmufyikd ;f odYk vSnv hf nfw&m;a[mawmfrcl ahJ vonf? r[mpnf q&mawmfonf
aAma&mAk';l apwDrS xGucf mG cJí h 15 -rdik cf efYa0;uGmonfh r0vefûrdYoYkd 12 -em&Dtcsed w
f iG f a&mufawmfro
l nf?
w½kwt f rd w f tdrw f iG f usde;f pufawmfrMl uonf? uqkev f jynfah usmf 2-&uf (23 -5-59) aeY eHeuf 6-em&Dcw JG iG f
r0vefûrdYrS xGucf MhJ uonf? 7-em&Dcw JG iG f 0gwk*AkH 'k *¨ ,m ausmif;o dkYjyefa&mufMuonf? ¤if;aeY n 8 -em&dtcsdew f iG f
qrm&rfûrdYü w&m;yGu J sif;yonf? oD[Vkd q f &mawmf t½Siyf , d 'óDu t*Fvyd f bmomjzifh Ak'"¨ r®taMumif;udk
a[mawmfro l nf? tmeEác:'umu tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;bmomjyefonf? y&dowfrmS 200 -ausmfcefY½adS vonf? ar;cGe;f rsm;
udk jyef½iS ;f NyD ; 10 -em&Dcw JG iG f oHCmawmfrsm;u ]]b0wk oAÁr*Fv}H } paom *gxmjzifh arwåmtmoDo ûyawmfrMl u
um w&m;yGu J kd ½kyo
f rd ;f awmfrMl uonf? xdt k cg y&dowfrsm; rwfwwf&yft½dt k aoûyMuonf/
qr&rfe*a&pmydç "r®obm y0wå,?d

ax&meH r[kóa[eç emeH omw¬uH [dacg/
ywdNrdKU w&m;yGJ
r[mpnfq&mawmfonf t½Siyf , d 'óDrax&fç t½Sit f &d,0Horax&fç t½Sirf [memrrax&fç t½Sizf &

0domvorP*kPrax&fç ¤if; \ypämorP 2-yg;ç t½SiZf ed &u©w d ESihf AmvDomraP ½SiZf ed yÜ,
d wdYk EiS t
hf wl
uqkefvjynfhausmf 3-&uf (24 -5-59) aeYwiG f aeY 12 -em&Dcw JG iG f qrm&rfûrdY 0d[m&Ak'*¨ ,mrS armfawmfum;rsm;jzifh
qufvufxu G cf mG &m 2-em&Dcw
JG iG f ywdûrdY w½kwb
f &k m;ausmif;odYk a&mufonf? xdw k ½kwbf &k m;ausmif; Ak'0¨ [
d m&
tcef;ü w&m;a[mawmfr&l m y&dowf 150 -cefY wufa&mufonf? y&dowfrmS rlqvifbmom0ifawGrsm;onf?
,if;w&m;yGw J iG f r[mpnf q&mawmfu 5-yg;oDvay;&m Ak'b ¨ mom0ifawGu us,fpmG qdí k 5-yg;oDv
cH,Ml uonf? rlqvifbmom0ifawGu rwfwwf&yfvsuf t½dt k aoay;Muonf? t½Siyf , d 'ódu w&m;a[monf?
tmeE´mu bmomjyefonf? xdYk aemuf ar;cG ef;rsm;ajzonf? ]]b0wkoAÁr*Fv}H } ponfjzifh arwåmtmoDoûyí w&m;
yGo
J rd ;f awmfrMl uonf/
ywd0,
S e*a&ydç "r®Kóa0g y0wåw?d
ax&meH {aom 0ga,marmç twd0 oAvm b0d/
*sL0gemNrdKYw&m;yGJ
nae 6-em&DtcsdefwGif ¤if;XmerSxGufcGmí 6 -em&DcGJwGif *sL0gem ( Djuawana) ûrdY Oygoum wOD;tdro f Ykd
a&mufavonf? n 8-em&Dtcsdew f iG f ¤if;ûrdYw½kwbf &k m;ausmif;ü w&m;yGu
J sif;yonf? y&dowf 500 -cefY½adS vonf?
trsm;tm;jzifh w½kwt f rsdK; om; trsKd ;orD;awGjzpfMuonf? r[mpnfq&mawmfu 5-yg;oDvay;awmfro l nf? t½Sif
yd,'óDu t*Fvyd b f momjzifh w&m;a[mawmfro l nf? txl;awmif;yefojzifh r[mpnfq&mawmfonf ]]"r®
umarm b0H a[mwd}} w&m;vdv k m;vQif rsuaf rSmuf b0rSma&mç wrvGeb f 0rSma&m BuD;yGm; csr;f omEdik o f nf ponf
jzifh ygVdbmomjzifh em&D0ufcefY a[mawmfrcl ahJ vonf? r[mpnf q&mawmf a[majymcsuu f kd t½Siyf ,
d 'óDu
t*Fvyd f bmomjyefí tmeE´mu tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;bmomjyefonf? ¤if;aemufw&m;yGo J rd ;f í 9 -em&d 45-rdepfwiG f *sL0gem
ûrdYrS xGucf mG cJMh uavonf/
*sK0geme*a&pmydç "r®qa'g y0wåw?d

owåmeH O'¨ro
® a'´gç twd0 'kva’ bm [d acg/
&ifbef;NrdKY w&m;yGJ
n 10 -em&D 15 -rdepftcsdew f iG f &ifbef; (Renbarns) ûrdY rpöwmñdaI c: w½kwt f rsdK;om; Oygoum \

tdro f Ykd a&mufonf? xdt k rd rf mS um; us,f0ef;vSonf? aemufyg'g,um 3-a,mufEiS hf oHCmawmf 9-yg;twGuf
tdy&f mç ckwifç jcifaxmifrsm;tjynft h pHk toifjh yifxm;onf? tdrof t l rd o
f m;rsm; tjcm;tdrüf a½TYaeMuonf?q&mawmf
wdkYonf xdkdtdrfü 2 -nOfh wnf;cdkoDwif;oHk;awmfrlcJhMuonf? 2 -&ufvHk; oufoufvw G [
f if;pHjk zifh qGr;f uyfMuonf?
uqkefvjynfhausmf 4-&ufaeY (25 -5-59) n & -em&DwiG f xdt k rd tf eD;½Sd w½kwbf &k m;ausmif;ü w&m;yGu J sif;yonf?
y&dowf 300 -ausmf½o dS nf? r[mpnfq&mawmfu oDvay;awmfro l nf? t½Siyf , d 'óDu w&m;a[mawmfro l nf?
txl;awmif;yefojzifh r[mpnf q&ma wmfu 45 -rdepfcefY r*Fvmw&m; a[mawmfro l nf? ¤if;aemuf ar;cGe;f rsm;ajz
onf? 10-em&Dcw JG iG f w&m;yGo J rd ;f onf/
&ifbef;0Soyk ak &pmydç "r®obm y0wåw?d

ax&meH y&uúarm [dç ta[m tpä&ad ,m [d acg/
vmhqef;NrdKYodkYa&mufjcif;
uqkefvjynfhausmf 5-&ufaeY 12 -em&Dcw JG iG f &ifbef;ûrdYrS xGucf mG cJMh uonf? 1 -em&DwGif vmhqef; ( Lasen)
ûrdYwnf;cd&k m w½kwt
f rd o
f Ykd a&mufawmfrMl uonf? ¤if;rS tdraf jc 200 -ausmfcefY½Sd ½Sif'eftó&dac: awm½Gmuav;odkY
<uawmfrMl uonf? xd½k mG uav;xdyrf S wrdik cf efY ajcusifqif;avQmuf awmfrMl uonf? ,if;½Si'f eftó*d½mG wGi;f ½Sd
tvsm; 15 -ayç teH 10 -aycefY½adS om 0d[m&ü acwåxikd í f arwåmu½kPmyGm; y&dw½f w G zf wfawmfrMl uonf? ¤if;
½Gmuav;rS jyef<uawmfrí l vmhqef;ûrdY r[mu½kPm0d[m&ü nae 4 -em&Dct JG csed w
f iG f w&m;a[mawmfrcl ahJ vonf?
y&dowf tenf;i,fom½So d nf/
vmhqef;0S,e*a&ydç ax&mo'¨rr® mrum?

a'aooHk o'¨rH® ao|Hç o'¨ró
® mbd0'k ,
d¨ m/
bvdk&mNrdKYodkYa&mufjcif;ç w&m;"r®a[majymjcif;
uqkev f jynfah usmf 6-&uf (27 -5-59) aeY rGe;f vGJ 1-em&Dtcsdew f iG f vmhqef;ûrdYrS xGucf í hJ 2-em&Dred pf
40-tcsdew f iG f bvd&k m (Blora) ûrdYoYkda&mufonf? n 8-em&Dtcsed w
f iG f wnf;cd&k mXmerS 4-zgvHck efYa0;aom
w½kwb f &k m;ausmif;odYk ajcusif<ua&mu f w&m;a[mawmfrMl uonf? a½S;OD;pGm Ak'b ¨ momtrsKd ;orD;rsm;u
tif'ekd ;D ½Sm; w&m;*gxmvuFmrsm;jzifh ½Gwq f ykd al ZmfMuonf? r[mpnfq&mawmfu 5 -yg;oDvay;ç t½Sifyd,'óDu
w&m;a[monf? wzef r[mpnfq&mawmfu ]]raumif;rI[o l a½GYukd rûy&ç aumif;rIukd ûyygç pdwu f pkd ifMu,fygap}}
[laom bk&m;jrwfpmG tqH;k tr 3-yg;udk tusOf;csKyfí a[mawmfro l nf? vly&dowf 300 -ausmfcefY½Sdonf/
bvd&k me*a&pmydç ax&m xda&ok oP²w

d m?
"r®H aw a'o,dwmG eç rEkaó tbdawmodo/kH
pk&mb*smNrdKY<ua&mufjcif;
uqkev f qkwf 7-&uf (28 -5-59) aeY eHeuf 7 -em&D tcsdew f iG f bvd&k mûrdYrS um;ESiv hf u kd yf Ykd Muonf? 8 -
em&DwiG f a*syûl rdY rD;&xm;blwmodYk a&mufawmfrMl uonf? 8-em&D 45 -rdepfwiG f rD;&xm;xGuo f nf? bvd&k mrS
,laqmifcahJ om qGr;f tkyrf sm;udk &xm;ay:wGif bkO ;f ay;Muonf? 11 -em&D rdepf 20 -wGif pk&mb*smûrdY blwm½HBk uD;odYk
a&mufonf? 11 -em&D rdepf 40 -wGif rpöwmtef*sifqmG ef \tdro f Ykd a&mufawmfrMl uonf? nae 3-em&DwiG f
t½Sief m&'wdYk tzGYJ vnf; xdtk rd o
f Ykd a&mufawmfrv
l mMuonf? t½Sief m&'wdYk onf aAma&mAk';l rSccJG mG cJMh uNyD;í ûrdYaygif;
6-ûrdYwYkdü w&m;a[mNyD;í a&mufvmjcif; jzpfavonf? oHCmawmf 13 -yg; waygif;wnf; qHrk Md uonf/
owif;pmuGefz&ifhjyKvkyfjcif;
uqkev
f jynfah usmf 8-&uf (29 -5-59) aeY 8-em&D tcsed w f iG f q&mawmfrsm; owif;pmuGezf &ifo h Ykd
<uawmfrMl uonf? t½Sifem&'rax&fu ax&0g' 4 -Edik if rH S omoema&;udpt ö wGuf tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;odYk <ua&mufvmMu
yHçk odro
f rkwu
f pd çö &[ef;cHupd rö sm; aqmif½u
G yf çkH aAma&mAk';l ü a0omc yGaJ wmfBuD; usif;yyHçk e,fvn S w hf &m;
a[mcJyh kH ponfrsm;udk ½Si;f vif;ajymjyawmfrol nf/
xdYk aemuf odvakd om tcsuftvufrsm;udk owif;pmq&mrsm;u ar;í t½Sief m&'uyif ajzMum;awmfrl

onf? t½Sief m&'um; t*Fvyd pf um;udk pmaya0g[m&ç Edik if aH &;a0g[m& ponfEiS w hf uG uRrf;usifwwfajrmufonfh
yk*Kd¾ vfjrwfjzpfawmfrol nf? t*Fvyd pf mtkypf mwrf;aygif; rsm;pGmudk ûypka&;om;cJo
h nf jh yif urÇmt&yf&yf vSnv
hf nfí
t*Fvyd v f kd a[maeonfyh *k Kd¾ vfjzpfonf/
0kwEå yÅ wåorm*r-obmyd oHy0wåw?d

wrSd em&'axa&m aomç yumo,d ok"w D rd m/
Oygoumç Oygodumrtjzpf cH,lMujcif;
nae 3-em&DwiG f tdr½f iS 'f umç 'umrrsm; Oygoumç Oygodumr tjzpfc, H Ml uonf? q&mawmft½Sif
em&'u Oygoum usi0hf wfrsm;udk a[mMum;awmfro l nf? r[mpnfq&mawmfu o&P*Ho k v
D ay;awmfro
l nf?
q&mawmft½Sifem&'u tdrf½Sif'g,umudk taomu[lívnf;aumif;? tdrf½Sifrudk 0domcg[lí vnf;aumif;? ¤ if;
wdYk \ wOD;wnf;aomom;udk &m[kvm[lívnf;aumif;? tjcm;'umwOD;udk oEÅ[í l vnf;aumif; trnfay;awmfrl
onf? nae 5 -em&DwGifvnf; tjcm; yk*dK¾ vf 5 -OD;wdYk o&P*Ho k v
D ,lí Oygoumtjzpf cH,Ml uonf? ¤if;wdYk tzdYk
t&awmfvaS cs\? rax&fjrwfwYkd tif'ekd ;D ½Sm; Edik if o
H Ykd <uawmfr ljcif;onf tusdK;½SdvSygayonf? n 7 -emD rdepf 30 -
wGif ûrdYawmf½ükH w&m; a[mMum;onf? y&dowf 500 -cefY½adS om[l\/
Ak'Ḧ "r®Oö oHCOöç taeau o&PH *wm?

ax&meH ww¬ *reHç twD0 ozvH b0d/
AmvDuRef;odkY <uawmfrljcif;
uqkev f jynfah usmf 9-&ufaeY eHeuf 6-em&DwiG f pkb&mûrdYu 'g,umrs;u um;uav; 6-pD;jzifh 0rf;
ajrmuf0rf;om bef*sL0*ÐoYkd vdu k yf YkdMuonf? ¤if;rSm *sm0g;uRe;f \ ta½SYbufxyd üf wnf½o dS nf? pk&mb,mrS rdik f
167-rdik u f mG vSr;f avonf? eHeuf 8-em&D rdepf 40 -wGif ta½SYajrmufbuf yifv,furf;ajc½Sd yqmykwd
(pasirputih) odYk a&mufawmfrMl uonf? yqmykw½d dS wnf;cdck ef;ü qGr;f uyfMuonf? qGr;f bkO;f ay;awmfrl MuNyD;
qufvufxu G cf mG awmfrMl u&m rGe;f vGJ 1-em&Dtcsed w f iG f bef*sL0*ÐoYkd a&mufawmfrMl uonf? bef*sL0*Ðurf;ajcrS 2-
em&D oabFmi,fjzifh <ua&mufawmfr&l m 2-em&d 45 -rdepftcsed w f iG f AmvDuRe;f buf *dvrD Ekwq f yd u
f rf;odYk a&muf
awmfrMl uonf? ¤if;rSwzef um;jzifx h u
G cf mG awmfr&l m nae 6-em&Dtcsed w f iG f bef*smûrdYuav;odYk a&mufawmfrMl u
onf? q&mawmfrsm;onf azmfjyygbef* smûrdYpeG ½f dS t½SiZf ed m&u©w d \ pHausmif;i,fü jzpfovdk acwåow D if;oH;k awmfrl
Muonf? uqkev f jynfah usmf 10 -&ufaeY eHeuf 8 -em&DwiG f wnf;cd&k m pHausmif;uav;rS vrf;avQmufí bef*smûrdY
wGi;f odYk vrf;avQmufvmMuonf? bwfpu f m; 2-pD;jzifh qufvufxu G cf mG awmfrMl u&m rGe'f w G af c: awmifay:ûrdY
uav;odYk a&mufawmfrMl uonf/
ewfuGef;awGaygonfh AmvDuRef;
jrefrmEdik if w
H iG f apwDyx k ;kd rsm; aygovdk AmvDuRef;ü [dEL´ bk&m;½Scd ;kd ausmif;ç ewfueG ;f awG tvGeaf ygrsm;vS
onf[\ l ? xdek wfpifç ewfueG ;f rsm;ü AmvdewfpmylaZmfrrI sm;ao maMumifh AmvDuRe;f rnfaMumif; qdMk uonf/
tdrw
f ikd ;f rSmyif [dEL´ bk&m;½Scd ;kd ausmif; 3-ckpD ½Sad Mumif;vnf; qdMk uonf/
A[la'0g,wemedç AmvD'aD y raem&ar?

jrefrmh&a| apwd,medç ,xm 'dóEÅd yg,aom/
,if;rGe'f w
G ûf rdYü o&P*Hw k nf Oygoum 2 -a,mufom½So d nf [l \? w&m;a[m&m w&m;emol 100 -cefY½Sd
aom[l\? vlrsm;rSm vuftyk cf s&D efyif rod½mS Muay? oem;p&mjzpfavonf? t½Sief m&'u w&m;a[mawmfrol nf/
bef*sLt'pfNrdKYü w&m;a[m y&dwf½Gwf
q&mawmfwYkdonf 12 -em&Dtcsed w f iG f bef*sLt'pfac: ûrdYuav;odYk a&mufawmfrMl uonf? xdûk rdYwiG f w&m;

a[mawmfrMl u&m y&dowf 80 -avmuf½o dS nf? o&P*Hw k nfol Oygoum wa,mufom½Sad vonf? w&m;a[mNyD;
y&dw½f w
G af wmfrMl uonf? q&mawmft½Sief m&'u y&dwaf & wZGe;f pDay;&m vuf0g;ESichf í H aomufMuonf? ,if;odYk
y&da&aomufpOf oHCmawmfrsm;u ]]oaAÁA'k g¨ Avywåm}} *gxmud½k w G q
f kd csD;ajr§mufawmfrMl uonf/
bef*smNrdKUü w&m;a[mjcif;
aeY 2-em&Dtcsed w f iG f xdXk merSxu

G cf &hJ m bef*smûrdY[u
kd pf ul;ausmif;odYk 2-em&Dcw
JG iG f a&mufawmfrMl uonf?
rd;k onf;xefpmG ½GmoGe;f aomaMumifh y&dowftvmenf;onf? 60 -avmufom vmonf? yk*Kd¾ vf 6-OD; o&P*Hk
oDvwdYk üwnfMuonf/
'ifyqmNrdKYü w&m;a[mjcif;ponf
uqkev f qef; 11 -&uf(1-9-59) aeYeHeuf 7 -em&Dcw JG iG f bef*smrS um;jzifh ayaygif; 6000 -ausmjf rifah om
awmifwef;BuD;ay:rSjzwfí oGm;awmfrMl u&m 11 -em&Dtcsed w f iG f 'ifyqm (Dempasar) ûrdYoYkda&mufMuonf?¤if;um;
AmvDuRe;f \ûrdYawmfjzpfonf? nae 5-em&Dcw JG iG f ûrdYawmf½ükH w&m;yGu J si;f y Muonf? AmvDyP k mÖ ;rsm;u
rEÅerf ef;rIwí f tcrf;tem;zGiMhf uonf? yef;yGit hf zwfi,frs m;udk wckcsi;f zJu h mzJu h m ypfcsvsuf vufEpS b f uf
trsKd ;rsKd ;vSnyhf wf auG;aumufí ref;rIwMf uonf? AmvDyP k mÖ ;rsm; rlvwGif Ak'b ¨ momw&m;awmfukd av;pm;onfh
vu©Pmr½Sad cs? odYk &mwGif q&mawmft½Sief m&'u t*Fvyd v f kd vnfvnfywfywf Ak'w ¨ &m;awmfomvQif cdik v f kH
aMumif;ajyma[m&m av;pm;onfh vu©Pmudk jyMuonf? uqkev f jynfah usmf 12 -&ufaeY eHeuf 8 -em&Dtcsdew f iG f
'ifyqmûrdYrS xGufcJhMu&m 9 -em&D tcsdew f iG f uvHu k ûkH rdYoYkd a&muf½&dS m ,if;ûrdYü acwåem;awmfrMl uonf? 9 -em&Dcw JG iG f
*k0v0ac:awmifapmif; vif;EdYk *Bl uD;odYk <ua&mufMunf½h aI wmfrMl uo nf? ,if;awmifapmif; vif;EdYk vdP k *f Bl uD;ü
vif;EdYk awG axmifaomif;rsm;pGm usycf aJ eMuonfukd awGY½adS wmfrcl MhJ uonf? xdpk Ofu oD[Vkd q f &mawmf wyg;jzpf
aom t½Sit f &d,0Horax&fu vif;EdYk jzpfz;l aom &[ef;ig;&mudk ESv;kH oGi;f awmfru l m ]]ukovm"r®m tukovm
"r®m}} ponfjzifh tbd"r®mw&m;udk ½Gwq f akd [mMum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? q&mawmfBuD;rsm;onf u½kPmBuD;rm;awmf
rlMuuke\ f ? r[mpnfq&mawmfrmS rsm;pGmoHa0* jzpfawmfrcl ahJ vonf/
omoeaZmwumax&mç oAÁ'g u½kPm,kum?

tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;ok&a|awç z&ðok "r®r'D w
d /ð
u&iftqefNrdKUawmfodkY a&muf½Sdaqmif½Gufjcif;
10-em&Dct JG csdew
f iG f u&iftqefûrdYawmf ]]wrHw&d ,d **Fg}} ac:XmeodYk a&mufawmfrMl uonf? ¤if;rSm u&if
tqefb&k ifa[mif 'g,umBuD; \ aqmif;&moD pHeef;awmfjzpfavonf? x Xkd meü a&yef;awGtrsKd ;rsKd ;jzifh a&uefBuD;
awG tqef;wMu,f ûyvkyx f m;aom[l \? q&mawmfrsm;tm; xdb k &k ifa[mif; 'g,umBuD;u aeYqrG ;f qufuyf
vª'gef;avonf? 12 -em&DwiG f xdXk merSxu G cf í
hJ 12 -em&D 45 -rdepfwiG f xdb k &k ifa[mif;BuD; \ aEG&moDpeH ef;odYk
a&mufawmfrMl uonf? a&uef BuD;tv,f crf;em;aom wdu k tf rd Bf uD;jzpfavonf? yifv,furf;ESihf udu k f 300 -
avmufumG í avaumif;avoefY&onfh ae&mjzpfavonf? q&mawmfrsm; wnf;cd&k ef ckwifç tdy&f m jcifaxmif
ponf jynfph pkH mG pDpOfxm;ESiahf vonf? nae 4-em&DwiG f u&iftqef (Karangasam) ûrdYwiG f pmoifausmif;ü
w&m;yGuJ si;f y&m bk&ifa[mif;BuD; ud, k w
f ikd f om;awmf orD;awmfrsm;ESiw hf uG vma&mufw&m;emMuonf? y&dowf
300-ausmfcefY½adS vonf? r[mpnfq&mawmfu oDvay;í q&mawmf t½Sief m&'u w&m;a[mavonf? bk&if
a[mif;BuD;u rsm;pGmoabmusavonf? 7 -em&Dct

JG csdef wnf;cd&k m a&ueftv,f wnf;cd&k mpHeef;odYk jyef<uawmfrcl hJ
avonf/
bk&ifa[mif;BuD;tm; y&dwfw&m;jzifh csD;ajr§muf
uqkev f jynfah usmf 13 -&uf (3 -6-59) aeY eHeuf 5 -em&Dcw JG iG f wnf;cd&k mpHeef;rS xGucf gG awmfrMl u&m 5 -
em&D 45 -rdepfwiG f bk&ifa[mif;BuD; \ tdrf awmfoYkd a&mufawmfrMl uonf? xdt k rd af wmfü qGr;f bkO;f ay;awmfrNl yD;vQif
arwåmokwyf &dwaf wmfrsm; ½Gwzf wfay;awmfrMl uonf? bk&ifa[mif;BuD; tvGe0f rf;omaeavonf/
ykaAÁ ok&mZblwóç Oygouó y*¾w?kH

y&dwHå aw vbdwmG eç ax&m omoeum&daem/
BuD;us,fvSonfh aAomcDewfuGef;
¤if;aemuf 7-em&D 10 -rdepfwiG f um;jzifh aAomcDewfueG ;f odYk qufvufxu G cf mG awmfrcl MhJ uonf? 8 -em&DcJG
tcsed w
f iG f aAomcDewfueG ;f odYk a&mufawmfrMl uonf? tvGev f Qif BuD;us,o f nfeh wfueG ;f BuD; jzpfavonf? taqmuf
ttHBk uD;i,fwYkd jzifv
h nf; pdr;f vef;pdjk ynfaom opfyifBuD;i,fwYkd jzifh pdw"f mwf½iT af ysmf arGYavsmfz,G f aumif;vSay
onf/
aAomcDa'0gv,Hwçd aewå'g,&om,eH?
o'áv[d [&daw[dç w½kyEÅ[
d d aom b0d/
AmvDomraP&[ef;cHay;jcif;
xdak Aom"DewfueG ;f wGif ay 30 -cefYus,fjyefYaom taqmufttHw k ckay:ü 9-em&Dç 10 -em&Dtcsdew f iG f

oD[dkVf &[ef;awmf 5-yg;ç jrefrm 1 -yg;ç ,dk;',m; 4 -yg;ç tif'dkeD;½Sm; 2 -yg; pkpak ygif; &[ef;awmf 12 -yg; ta&
twGu½f adS om oHCmawmfrsm;u AmvDomraP ½SiZf ed yÜ, d tm; &[ef;cHavonf? OyZÑm,fq&mrSm t½Sief m'&
rax&f jzpfonf? ur®0gq&mrsm;rSm (1) oD[Vkd q f &mawmf t½Sitf &d,0Hoç (2) r[mpnfq&mawmf t½Siaf ombeç
(3) ,d;k ',m;q&mawmf t½Si0f o d mvorP*kPax&fwYkd jzpfMuonf? odrrf mS *grodrjf zpfa vonf? xdt k csdew
f iG f
xd½k mG e,fy,füvnf;aumif;? AmvDuRe;f vH;k üvnf;aumif; ur®um&u oHCmawmf 12 -yg;tjyif tjcm;&[ef;rsm;
r½Sad omaMumifh xd*k grodrüf OyorÜ'uHaqmifjcif;onf 0denf;awmfEiS thf nDyif jzpfavonf/
aAomcDa'0gv,rSçd OyorÜ'ru½H?k
ZdeyÜ,
d H omraP&Hç omoeAmu&,wd/
b*FvDNrdKY w&m;yGJ
10-em&DcwJG iG f aAomcDewfueG ;f rS um;jzifh xGucf &hJ m 11 -em&D 45 -rdepfwiG f b*fvûD rdY wnf;cdt k rd o
f Ykd a&muf
awmfrMl uonf? toifjh yifxm;aom qGr;f udck yfjrefjre f bkO;f ay;awmfrMl u&onf? 3-em&Dcw JG iG f b*FvûD rdYü
w&m;yGu J sif;y&m ykPmÖ ;rsm;u rEÅerf ef;rIwí f tcrf;tem;zGiMhf uonf? y&dowf 200 -avmuf½Sdonf? n 8-em&DwiG f
NyD;avonf/
b*FvD e*a&pmydç "r®0&ra'odo?kH

ZemeH ok[w
d w¬m,ç ax&m omoeaZmwum/
oCF&mZmNrdKYü w&m;a[mjcif;
uqkev f jynfah usmf 14 -&uf (4 -6-59) aeY eHeuf 7 -em&Dtcsdew f iG f bwfpu f m;jzifh b*FvrD x S uG cf &hJ m 8 -
em&Dct JG csed w
f iG f uifumrPdawmifxyd üf acwå&yfem;awmfrNl yD; qufvufxu G cf mG awmfrMl u&m 10 -em&Dct JG csdew f iG f
oCF&mZm(Sangaradja) ûrdYoYkd a&mufawmfrMl uonf? wnf;cdo k nft h rd rf S wzmvHck efY a0;aomt&yfü t½SiZf ed &u©w d
\ ausmif;uav;wck ½Sdonf? 2 -em&Dcw JG iG f xdak usmif;uav;odYk <uawmfrí l Oygoumç Oygodumrtjzpf cH,Ml u
aom a,musmf ; rdef;r 6 -OD;wdkYtm; o&P*HkoDv ay;cJhMuonf? nae 4 -em&DwiG f ûrdYawmf½ükH w&m;yGu J si;f y&m n
8-em&DwiG f NyD;onf? y&dowf 400 -ausmfcefY w&m;emMuonf? txl;tm;jzifh AmvDuRef;ü w½kwv f rl sdK;rsm; rawGY&
[kqo kd nf? wnf;cdt k rd rf sm;rSm AmvDwikd ;f &if; [dEL´ bmom0ifrsm; jzp Mf uonf/
oCF&mZm okyak &ydç oHCao|m waygrem?

"r®H a'o,dwmG eç omoeH aZmwuH u½H/k
o&P*HkoDvay;jcif; w&m;xdkifapjcif;
uqkev f jynfah usmf 15 -&uf (5 -6-59) aeY 5-em&Dct JG csdewf iG f oCF&mZmrSxu G cf mG awmfrMl u onf? 8 -
em&Dred pf 20 -wGif *dvrD Ekwu f rf;ajca&mufonf? 10 -em&D 15 -rdepf w f iG f bef*sK0*Ða&mufonf? pk&mo,mrS
vmíêudaeMuaom um;i,frsm;jzifh xGucf MhJ u&m nae 6-em&DwiG f pk&mb,mwnf;cdt k rd o
f Ykd jyefa&mufonf?
e,kefvqef; 1-&uf (6-6-59) aeYwiG f t½Sit f &d,0Hoç t½Siof &Oygvç t½Sirf [memrESihf ,d;k ',m; &[ef;awmf
wyg;wdYk *sumwmjyefMuonf? odYk jzpfí omoemûy oHCmawmf 9 -yg;om½Sdawmhonf? 9-em&Dtcsed w f iG f acwfynm
wwftrsdK;orD;wOD; Oygodumrtjzpfc, H ol nf? r[mpnfq&mawmfu o&P*Ho k v
D ay;awmfro l nf? t½Sief m&'u
¤if;tm; oEÅm[ktrnfay;onf? *sdeb f mom0if tdE, d´ ukeo
f nfwOD;u tdryf ifah eYqrG ;f uyfonf? xdak eYnaeydik ;f wGif
wnf;cdt k rd ½f iS u
f ,d;k ',m;y&dwçf oD[Vkd yf &dwçf jrefrmy&dwrf sm;udk toD;oD; &Daumf'gjzifh toHzrf;,lonf? n 8 -
em&Dtcsdew f iG f t½Sief m&'u arwåmur®|mef;ç tmemyge ur®|mef ;rsm;udak y;í wxdik t f wGi;f rdepfyikd ;f jzifh tm;xkwf
aponf? xifjrifyu kH vkd nf; ar;pdppfí ½Si;f vif;ajymjyonf? tm;xkwo f rl sm; 40 -ausmf½o dS nf? pdw0f ifpm;Muonf?
tdo
k al wmfpifax½kyw Ü påd mawmfzwfwYkd oifwYkd onfvnf; trSww f rJrh aeygESihf 'geç oDvç bm0emwdYk jzifh oHo&mrS
ul;ajrmuf&ef azmifukd cdik cf ikd zf YJG Muygukeaf vmh/
oHom&w&Pw¬m,ç rawmVKrÁmed AE¨x?

bm0em'geoDav[dç wd0w
d adå PÖm b0PÖa0g/
r"&muRef;odkY<uawmfrljcif;
q&mawmfwYkd tzGYJ onf e,ke v f qef; 2-&uf (7 -6-59) aeY e,kev f qef; 2-&ufaeY eHeuf 8-em&DwiG f
r"k&muRe;f odYk <uawmfrMl uonf? yJch sw
d af rmfawmforÁejf zifh <uawmfr&l m 10 -em&D rdepf 20 -wGif r"k&muRe;f odYk a&muf
onf? 11 -em&DwiG f bHumvefûrdY w½kwt f rd f wtdrw
f iG f qGr;f bkO;f ay;awmfrMl uonf? 12 -em&DwiG f wzefjyefxu G &f m
2-em&DwiG f xl;qef;aom rD;wGi;f XmeodYk a&mufonf/
ygrDuqefNrdKYü w&m;a[mjcif;
2-em&D 35 -rdepftcsdew f iG f xdrk ;D wGi;f XmerSxu G vf m&m ygrDuqef (pamekasan) ûrdYudkjzwfausmfí 3 -em&D
tcsdew
f iG f yifv,furf ;ajcteD; w½kwb f &k m;½Scd ;kd ausmif;odYk a&mufawmfrMl uonf? xdak usmif;rSmwnf;cdMk uonf? n
8-em&D tcsed wf iG f ygrDuqefûrdYwiG ;f odYk <uawmfrí l w&m;a[mawmfrMl uonf? y&dowf 60 -avmufom½So d nf? n
12-em&DavmufwiG f wnf;cd&k mausmif;odYk a&mufawmfrMl uonf/
ygrDuqefe&a&ydç ax&m auo&om'dom?

ZemeH okwrÜ,EÅmç 0óð ok"r®trÁKem/
r[mpnfq&mawmf pk&b,mNrdKYüw&m;a[mjcif;
e,kev f qef; 3-&uf (8 -6-59)aeY eHeuf 7 -em&DwiG f xdXk merS jyefvmawmfrMl uonf? 1 0 em&Dtcsdew f iG f
r"k&mqdyu f rf;rS oabFmxGuo f nf? 10 -em&Dcw JG iG f pk&b,mNrdKYoYkda&mufonf? xdak eYn 7-em&Dtcsdew f iG f txl;
awmif;yefojzifh pk&b,mNrdKYawmf½üHk n 7-em&DwiG f r[mpnfq&mawmfu ygVdbmomojzifh 0dyóemw&m;a[m
Mum;awmfro l nf? oD[Vkd f q&mawmft½Siyf ,d 'óDu t*F vdyb f mom jyefMum;awmfro l nf? t½Sif Zde&u©w d u
tif'ekd ;D ½Sm; bmomjyefonf? 2-em&DcefYMumaom[l\? xkYd aemuf tar;rsm;udv k nf; ajz½Si;f awmfro
l nf/ y&dowf
500-ausmf em,lMuonf? 11 -em&Dtcsdew f iG f ]]b0wkoAÁr*Fv}H }paom *gxmudk oHCmawmfrsm;u ½Gwq f íkd w&m;
yGu
J kd odr;f vdu k favonf/
pk&b,mokyak & aomç r[mpnfax&y@dawm?

"r®0g&Demauarodç Zae o'¨rr® mrau/
xdkqm&Da'oü Ak'¨bmom0ifwoef;cGJ½Sd
e,kevf qef; 4-&uf (9 -6-59)aeY eHeuf 7-em&DcGJ tcsdefwGif pk&b,mrS um; 3 -pD;jzifh wdq k m&Dawmif
pcef;odYk <uawmfrl Muonf? 9-em&DwiG f um;rSqif;í wrdik cf efY vrf;avQmufMu&onf? xdw k q
kd m&DawmifrS ay 7000
-ausmjf rifoh nf[o k &d onf? xdak wmifw0du k v f rl sm; tm;vH;k Ak'b
¨ mom0if awGcsn;f jzpfMuonf? xdak wmifw0du k üf
vlO;D a& woef;cG½J adS vonf? 0rf;ajrmufz, G f jzpfonf? odYk &mwGif xdak 'ou vl rsm; &[ef;oHCmrsm;udk awGYjrifz;l
onfv h u©Pmr½SMd uacs? ½Scd ;kd &rSe;f vuftyk cf sD&rSe;f vnf; rodMuacs? rdepf 30 -avmufavQmufomG ;avvQif a0gaem
udMwd(0eudw)då ac: awmifay:½Gm pmoifausmif; odYk a&mufavonf? ½GmvlBuD;ESihf ausmif;q&mrsm;u omoemh
tvHrsm;jzifh êudqakd eM uonf? a&mufírMumrD q&mawmft½Sief m&'u ausmif;om;rsm;udak c:í Ak'b ¨ mom
taMumif; ar;Munf&h m rod½mS Muacs? odYk EiS q hf &mawmf t½Sief m&'u ]]Ak'Ḧ o&PH *pämrdç earmwó bk&m;½Scd ;kd ç
earmAk'g¨ ,}} ponfwYkd ukd csydYk oifjy ay;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? q&mawmf t½Sief m&'onf atmufouf ausonfh yk*Kd¾ vf
jrwfjzpfonf? 1-em&davmuf oifjyay;vQif ausmif;om; uav;rsm; odem;vnfrI awmfawmf&½Sd oGm;Muonf? 0rf;
ajrmufz, G yf gwum;? q&mawmfrsm;onf a0gaemudMwd(0eudw)då awmifay:½Gmpmoifausmif;ü y&dw½f w G zf wf csD;
ajr§mufawmf rlcMhJ uavonf? q&mawmfwYkd um; u½kPmBuD;rm;awmfrMl uygaypG/
0eduw
d *då grauydç ax&m omoebmu&m?
y&dwo
å moaemoareç Ek*w ¾ o
ð k taeu"m/
r[mpnfq&mawmf rmvHNrdKYü w&m;aqG;aEG;yGJusif;y
¤if;aemuf awmifay:rS qif;awmfrcl JhMuonf? rGef;vGJ 2 -em&DwiG f ypk½*k rfac: yifv,furf;pyfûrdYoYkd a&muf
awmfrMl uonf? xdûk rdYü tenf;i,fa[majymawmfrMl uNyD;vQif q&mawmft½Sief m&'onf aemufyg &[ef;awmf 4 -yg;
ESihf pk&mb,modYk jyef<uawmfro l nf? ,d;k ',m;q&mawmf t½Si0f o
d mvorP*kPç oD[Vkd t f ½Siyf ,
d 'óDçt if'ekd ;D ½Sm;
&[ef;awmf t½SiZf ed &u©w d ESihf r[mpnfq&mawmfwYkdonf rmvHûrdYoYkd <uawmfrMl uonf? 4-em&Dç rdepf 20 -wGif
rmvHûrdYoYkd a&mufawmfrMl uonf? ,if;rmvHûrdYü r[mpnfq&mawmf OD;aqmifí w&m;aqG;aEG;yGJ usi;f yûyvkyaf wmfrl
cJah vonf? wnf;cdt k rd ½f iS f 'umç 'umrwdYk tm;vnf; tvd½k o
dS jzifh y&dwrf sm; toHoiG ;f ay;awmfrcl MhJ uonf/
rmvH0oS yk ak &pmydç "r®omupäru½H?k

orÁK'¨Zed puúóç 0k', d̈ m 0dyv
k m [d acg/
rdk*sdKum&DwdkNrdKYü w&m;a[mjcif;
e,kev f qef; 6-&uf( 11 -6-59) aeYreG ;f vGJ 1-em&DwiG f xdûk rdYrS xGucf MhJ uonf? 3-em&DwiG f au'D&ûD rdYoYkd
a&mufawmfrcl ahJ vonf? au'D&ûD rdYü acwåem;NyD; w&m;a[m&m nae 5-em&Dtcsed w f iG f w&m;NyD;avonf? 'umç
'umrrsm;0rf;ajrmuf½iT vf ef;pGm w&m;em,lMuavonf? rMum;zl;aom bk&m;jrw pf mG toH;k tra'oemudk Mum;em&
av&m tb,frmS vQif 0rf;rajrmufy½J ydS gtHeh nf;/
au'D&o
d yk ¥aeydç "r®0óH y0ód aom?
r[mpnfax&ukOaÆ &mç um½knoH,ak wm [d acg/
q&m&rfNrdKY w&m;yGJ
e,kev f qef; 7-&uf (12 -6-59) aeY eHeuf 8-em&DwiG f xdûk rdYrS xGucf &hJ m 11 -em&DwiG f r'D,efûrdYoYkd
a&mufonf? w½kwOf ygoumwOD;u jrefrm[if;ESihf qifwo l nfh [if;vsmrsm;jzifh qGr;f uyfonf? 12 -em&DcwJG iG f
qufvufxu G cf mG cJ&h m 2-em&Dct JG csdew
f iG f qdv
k [
kd v
k nf;ac:aom qk&u f m&fumû rdY tmeE´trd o f Ykd a&mufonf? xdt k rd rf S
3-em&Dcw JG iG f qufvufxu G cf mG awmfrcl &hJ m 5-em&DwiG f qrm&rfûrdY 0gwk*t kH &yf 0d[m& Ak'*¨ ,modYk a&mufonf?
q&mawmf t½Sief m&'wdYk onfvnf; pk&b,mç bvd&k mç &ifbef;ûrdYrsm;ü w&m;a[mawmfrcl NhJ yD;jyef<uvm&m xdq k rm
&rfûrdY 0gwk*t kH &yf 0d[m&Ak'*¨ ,mü a&mufEiS ahf wmfrMl uonf? n 7-em&Dcw JG iG f qrm&rfûrdYwiG f w&m;yGu J si;f yonf?
r[mpnfq&mawmfu oDvay;í q&mawmft½Sief m&'u w&m;a[mawmfro l nf? 11 -em&Dcw JG iG f w&m;yGNJ yD;onf/
qrm&rf t"d|maeydç "r®obm y0wåw?d

orÜwmå om"a0gZemç ozvm[d taeu"m/
toif;wdkufü w&m;a[mjcif;
e,kefvqef; 8-&uf(13-6-59) aeYn 7-em&DwiG f oD,q

kd zkd t
D oif;wdu
k üf r[mpnfq&mawmfu oDvay;
í q&mawmft½Sief m&'u tbd"r®mw&m;udk a[mawmfro
l nf? 9-em&DwiG f w&m;yGNJ yD;on ?f oabmwlMuonfh
vu©Pmudk awGYMu&onf/
oD,q
kd zkd D r@avydç "r®uxm y0wåw?d
t"ar®m ed&,H aewdç "ar®m ygaywd ok*w
¾ /ð
e,fvSnfhtzGJY 2-zGJYcGJí vSnfhvnfw&m;a[mjyefjcif;
e,kev f qef; 9-&uf (14 -6-59) aeYwiG f q&mawmf t½Sief m&'wdYk tzGYJ u taemufajrmufyikd ;f odYk w&m;
a[mvSnv hf nf&ef xGucf mG awmfrMl uonf? r[mpnfq&mawmfwYkdtzGYJ u taemufawmifyikd ;f odYk vSnv hf nf&ef aeY
12-em&DwiG f xGucf mG awmfrMl uonf? omoemûy q&mawmfrsm; nDnn D w
G nf wG f wdik w
f idk yf i yf if Munfñzdk ,G &f m
aumif;vSacs\? nDnw G v
f Qifum; vkyif ef;atmifjrifí tm;vH;k ESv;kH pdw0f rf; csrf;omMuonf/
omoeaZmwum ax&mç arm'rmem oarwdum?

or*¾g o,dwmap0ç ,xmudpHö tuHok aw/
r[mpnfq&mawmf rkwdvefNrdKYü w&m;a[mjcif;
azmfjycJo
h nft
h wkid ;f e,kev
f qef; 9-&ufaeY 12 -em&DwiG f qrm&rfûrdYrS xGucf mG cJ&h m 2-em&Dct
JG csdew
f iG f
rkwv
d efûrdYuav;odYk a&mufawmfro l nf? xdûk rdYuav;ü n 8-em&drS 10 -em&Dtxd w&m;a[mawmf rlcahJ vonf?
y&dowf 150-½Sdaom [l\/
rkwv
d ef t"d|maeydç "r®rKÁ embdoOö,?d
,wdaoa|m 0dpu©aPmç r[mpnfax&aoca&m/
aAma&mAk'l;apwDBuD; 'kwd,tBudrfzl;ajrmfjcif;
q&mawmfwYkdonf e,kev f qef; 10 -&uf (15 -6-59)aeY eHeuf 8-em&Dtcsed w f iG f aAma&mAk';l apwDawmf
jrwfBuD;udk 'kw,
d tBudrf <ua&mufz;l ajrmfawmfrMl uonf? apwDawmfBuD; \ ta½SYajrmufaxmifh t&yfwiG f oD[Vkd f
q&mawmf t½Sief m&'ax&f 1295 -ckEpS af vmufu pdu k yf sdK;cJo
h nfh aAm"danmifyif½adS vonf? q&mawmfwYkd onf xdk
aAm"danmifyifatmufü rkwv d efûrdYrS ,laqmifvmaom qGr;f xkyrf sm;udk aeYqrG ;f tjzpf bkO;f ay;awmfrMl uonf? ¤if;
aemuf apwDawmfBuD;udk o'¨gaZm0if zl;jrifawmfrcl MhJ uavonf? apwDawmfBuD;udk tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;tpd;k &u a½S;a[mif;
ypön;f tjzpfjzifh odr;f ydu
k x
f m;onf? Munf½h aI vhvmzG,f tjzpfjzifh Munf½h aI vhvmMuonfrmS aeYpOfy&dowfrpJ[k
od&onf? apwDteD;ü aps;qdik rf sm;vnf;½So d nf? aAma&mAk';l apwDawmfBuD;onf jrefrmjynfrS a½Tw*d akH pwDawmfBuD;
uJo
h Ykd vnf;aumif;? oD[Vkd u f Re;f rS r[mapwDBuD;uJo
h Ykd vnf;aumif;? ,d;k ',m;rS ecGeyf xHak pwDawmfBuD;uJo h Ykd
vnf;aumif;? *syefrS urmuk&qif;wkawmfBuD; uJo h Ykd vnf;aumif;? tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;Edik if H \ tzd;k rjzwfEikd af om tarG
tESpf pifppfjzpfavonf/
aAma&mAk';l apwd,w H çd wAsmaouH taopeH?

tif'dkeD;½Sm;0do,rSdç t*¾H ayg&mPoEÅuH/
r*vefNrdKYü w&m;a[mjcif;
aeY 12 -em&DcJG tcsed w f iG f r*vef (Magelang)

f iG f aAma&mAk';l apwDBuD;rS xGuaf wmfrMl u&m 1-em&Dtcsed w
ûrdYoYkd a&mufawmfrMl uonf? xdûk rdYü oD[Vkd qf &mawmft½Siyf , d 'óDu 5 -em&DrS 6-em&Dtxd arwåmur®|mef;ay;onf?
vma&mufol 15-a,muf½Sdonf? n 8-em&DrS 10-em&Dtxd w&m;a[m&m vlaygif; 200-cefY½Sdavonf/
r*vefoyk ak &pmydç y0wåð ok okow

D vH?
"r®arCH t*¾awZHç ax&m xda&ok oP²w d m/
taomu0d[m&ü w&m;a[mjcif;
e,kev
f qef; 11 -&ufaeY eHeuf 7-em&Dcw JG iG f wnf;cdt k rd rf S ajcusifavQmufí t½SiZf ed &u©w d \ ur®|mef;jy
w&m;ay;&m taomu0d[m&odYk <uawmfrí l oDvay;ç y&dw½f w G çf tEkarm'emw&m; a[mawmfrMl uonf? txl;
ojzifh r[mpnfq&mawmfu ewfjynfu rSmvdu k f aompum; 3-cGe;f udk azmfjyíok*wdoYkd a&mufjcif;ç aumif;aom
&jcif; [laom yxr 2 -rsKd ; jynfph akH eNyD;jzpfaMumif;ç xd0k [ d m&rSm rSerf eS v f ma&mufí w&m;tm;xkwo f mG ;rnf qdv
k Qif
aumif;pGm wnfwjhH cif;qdw k hJ usefwrsdK;vnf; jynfph o
kH mG ;Edik af Mumif;ç odYk jzpfí xd0k [
d m&udk wnfaxmif xm;onfrmS
tusKd ;rsm;aMumif;ponfjzifh tm;ay;pum; a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? q&mawmfum; ]]raumif;jrpfwmç aumif;&m
udv
k pS çf topfa[musL;ç emzl;xyfrçH ewfxw H if&mç arwåmvnf;ûyç &[efrçI ajcmufcv k eG af ocsm}} [lonfEiS thf nD
usif0h wfajcmufyg;ESihf uHv
k akH vmufi jynf0h onfh yk*Kd¾ vfjrwfBuD;jzpfawmfryl gayownf;/
,wDwd oduw
d© aAÁ[çd "ar®[d tEkaem ok"?D
r[mpnfax&yk*aF 0gç avmurSd tbdygua#m/
wref;*Hk;NrdKY w&m;a[m aumif;&mnTef;
e,kev f qef; 11-&uf (16 -6-59) aeYreG ;f vGJ 1-em&Dcw JG iG f r*vefrS wref*;kH odYk um;jzifh vdu
k yf YkdMuonf?
2-em&Dtcsdewf iG f wref*;kH ( Temang Gung ) ûrdYoYkd a&mufawmfrMl uonf? tif'ekd ;D ½Sm; trsdK;om;wOD;tdrüf acwå
oDwif;oH;k awmfrMl uonf? n 8-em&D tcsed w f iG f w&m;a[mawm rf &l m y&dowf 200 -ausmfcefYvma&mufí ½dak opGm
w&m;emMuonf? Ak'¨ "r®ukd vufcrH nft h ajctae½So d nf[k q&mawmfrsm; rSwx f ifcMhJ uonf/
wref*;kH e&a&pmydç Ak'"¨ ar®m y0wåw?d

Ak'"¨ ar®m0 oHom&-ed,smem, y0wåw/d
a0gaemqdkbdk(0eaomb)NrdKYü Ak'¨"r®jzefYcsDjcif;
e,kev
f qef; 12 -&uf (17 -6-59) aeY 12 -em&DwiG f wref*;kH rSxu G cf MhJ u&m 1-em&DwiG f a0gaemqdb
k kd
(Wonosobo) ac: awmifay:ûrdYoYkd a&mufawmfrMl uonf? a0gaemqdb k rkd mS ygVdvd k 0eaombjzpfonf? wifw h ,f
aom[l\? jrefrmjynf arûrdYuohJ Ykd &moDOwkat;csr;f om,maomûrdYjzpfavonf? q&mawmfwYkdonf tpd;k &{nfah *[m
ü acwåow
D if;oH;k awmfrMl uonf? nae 5-em&D arwåmur®|mef;ay;onf? tm;xkwo f l 13-a,muf½Sdonf/
arwåmjzifhaeEdkifvQif edAÁmef&Edkif
arwåmur®|mef;udv
k nf; yGm;rsm;oifyh gonf? arwåmjzifh xm0pOfaevQif ocFg&cyJ Nidr;f pJcsKyfNidr;f &m edAmÁ efukd
&Edik af Mumif;-
arwåm0d[m&d a,m bduK© ç yoaEém Ak'o ¨ moae?

1
t"d*apä y'H oEÅçH ocFg½lyorH okcH /
arwåm0d[m&D-aeYnruGm arwåmjzifh aeavh½adS om? a,mbduK© -tMuif&[ef;onf? Ak'o ¨ moae -bk&m;

jrwfpmG omoemawmfü? yoaEém -o'¨g½Te;f pdMk unfñ\ kd ? aombduK© -arwåmjzifah ysmf xd&k [ef;awmfonf? ocFg½lyorH
-½kyef mrfEpS 0f ocFg&[l tylroef; Nidr;f csr;f &m jzpfaom? okcH -csr;f omtppf {uefjzpfayaom? oEÅyH 'H -oEÅo d ck
Nidr;f csrf;onfh trwordu k f tûrdu"f mwfu?kd t"d*apä -rsuaf rSmufu,kd w
f ikd f odjrifEikd f \[lí bk&m;oAÁñl a[mawmf
rlavonf? n 8-em&DwiG f w&m;a[mawmfrMl u&m 10-em&DwiG f NyD;onf/
0eaombokyak &ydç ar"m0D ,wdaoc&m?

"ar®mo"H aw yga,oHçk "r®umar taeu"m/
r[mpnfq&mawmf oDjcm;w&m;a[mjcif;
e,kev k rkd S 18 -rdik cf efY a0;aom ay 6000 -ausmjf rifah om 'D&if( Dieng)
f qef; 13 -&ufaeYwiG f a0gaemqdb
awmifay:odYk wufa&mufMunf½h I avhvmawmfrMl u&m ,if;awmifay:ü [dEL´ taqmufttHk <uif;tusefrsm; awGY&
aMumif; rSww f rf;ü azmfjyxm;onf? r[mpnfq&mawmfonf wnf;cd&k m tpd;k &a*[mü n 8 -em&Dtcsdew f iG f bk&m;
jrwfpGmtaMumif;ESifh bk&m;tqHk;tr 3 -yg;udk tusOf;cs Kyf a[mawmfro l nf? y&dowf 30 -ausmf w&m;em,lMuonf?
xdYk aemuf Oygoumusi0hf wfrsm;udk a[mjyawmfrol nf? Oygoumtjzpfc, H rl nfh yk*Kd¾ vf 2-OD;tm; o&P*Ho k v
D
ay;awmfro l nf? wOD;udk "r®umr [lívnf;aumif;? tjcm;wOD;udk "r®'Ed [ é íl vnf;aumif; trnfay;awmfro l nf/
r[mpnfax&aoa|m [dç "r®umar r[mok"?D

"r®umar aom "ar®eç y*¾[D "r®ñl 0d'/l
idkbdkvf½Gmü w&m;a[mjcif;
e,kev f qef; 14 -&uf (19 -6-59) aeY eHeuf 8-em&DcJG tcsdew f iG f a0gaemqdb k rkd S rdik f 40 -a0;uGmaom
yk&af 0g&*sdK ( ) ûrdYoYkd um;ESihf vduk yf Ykd Muonf? 10 -em&D 15 -rdepfwGif a&mufonf? nae 6 -em&Dcw JG iG f xdûk rdYrS 12 -
rdik af 0;aom idbk vkd af c:awm½Gmuav;odYk w&m;a[m <uMuonf? xd½k mG ü w&m;a[mNyD; xd½k mG ½Sd Ak'b ¨ momtzGYJ tm;
Ak'q ¨ if;wkawmfwqlay;tyfonf? bk&m;jrwfpmG rSm tvH;k pHk pifMu,fawmfrí l xdb k &k m; jrwfpmG ud, k pf m; qif;wkawmf
a½SYrmS w&m;tm;xkwv f Qif pdwpf ifMu,fEikd af Mumif; ponfjzifh oD[Vkd t f ½Siyf , d 'óDu rdeYf Mum;awmfral vonf?
w&m;emolaygif; 300-ausmfavmuf½o dS nf? n 11-em&DwiG f yl&af 0g&*sdKûrdY wnf;cdt k rd o
f Ykd jyefa&mufMuonf/
idb
k v
kd *f graupmydç "r®obm y0wåw?d
ax&dEm´ r[kóma[eç "r®uxH y0wå,/kH
arwåmur®|mef;ay;jcif;
e,kev f jynfah eY n 5-em&DwiG f arwåmur®|mef; ay;awmfro

l nf? tm;xkwo f l 14 -a,muf½adS vonf?
arwåmtusdK; 11-rsdK;udv
k nf; a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? arwåmtusdK; 11-rsdK;udk atmufygvuFmjzifh od&m\/
arwåmtusdK;ç q,fw h rsdK;um;ç rSwo

f m;zG,&f mç aumif;vSyg \ç csrf;om
tdyEf ;kd ç tdyrf ufq;kd vnf;ç wpd;k wpdç rrufbad wmif;ç vlaygif;cspfcifç xufciG af '0gç
ewfrsm;pGmvnf;ç av;pm;csp cf ifç jrwfE;kd MuifNyD;ç rD;qdypf om;ç a½Smif½mS ;uif;uGmç pdwf
rSmwnfMunfç rsufEmS Munfayç aocgeD;0,fç uif;uG,af wGa0ç ao&rkcsç psmearwåmç
ruGmvSvçS &ud&k vsufç xuf&yfjAa[®ç pH&aeonfç rSwaf varwåmyGm; usdK;wnf;/ 1
ukawmtm&f*sdKNrdKYü w&m;a[mjcif;
e,kev
f jynfah usmf 1-&uf (21 -6-59) aeY eHeuf 8-em&DwiG f 8-rdik cf efYa0;uGmaom ukawmtm&f*sKd
(Kuteardjo) ûrdYoYkd um;ESiv
hf u
kd yf Ykd Muonf/ t½Siyf , d 'óD \ bmomjyef vli,f'g,um wOD;jzpfonfh tmeE´
'g,umtdrüf wnf;cdMk uonf? xdt k rd üf t½SiZf d e&u©w
d \ 0d[m&uav; wck½Sdonf? n 7 -em&Dcw JG iG f w&m;a[m
awmfrMl uonf? vly&dowf 400-cefY w&m;emMuonf/
wa'óad u rEkaóydç "r®awma,e awmo,H?k

yk*0F g ax&ukO&Æ mç o'är®ok o'g &wm/
befa'gif;NrdKYü w&m;a[mjcif;
e,kev f jynfah usmf 2-&uf (22 -6-59) aeY eHeuf 8-em&D 45 -rdepfwiG f ukawmtm&f*sKd rS rD;&xm;jzifh
xGucf mG awmfrcl &hJ m rD;&xm;acgif;wGûJ ywf c&D;zifo
h jzifh n 7-em&DwiG f befa'gif;ûrdYoYkd a&mufawmfrMl uonf? êudae
aom 'g,umrsm;u 0drv"r®0[ d m&odYk yifah qmifomG ;Muonf? xd0k rd v"r®0[
d m& ü uruxûy aqmif½u G af eonfh
'g,dumrwa,muf Oygodumtjzpfc, H íl tjcm;'umuav; wa,muf Oygoum tjzpfc, H o
l nf? r[mpnf
q&mawmfu Oygoum usif0h wfrsm;a[majymí o&P*Ho k v
D ay;awmfro l nf? n 8 -em&DwiG f r[mpnfq&mawmf
ESifh t½Siyf ,
d 'óDwYkd w&m;a[mawmfrMl uonf? y&dowfrsm;pGm w&m;emMuonf/
"r®arCH y0óðoçk 0dów k m ax&ukO&Æ m?

befa'gif;0Se*a&aoa|ç "r®0[
d m&rEád &/
t½SifZde&u©dw\ ZmwdXme<uawmfrljcif;
e,kev f jynfhausmf 7-&uf (27 -6-59) aeYwiG f Edik if aH wmfA'k o

¨ moem tzGYJ oYkd ay;vª&ef tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;jzpf qif;
wkawmfwqlukd tif'ekd ;D ½Sm; Ak'o ¨ moemtzGYJ \ud,k pf m; t½SiZf ed &u©w d u jrefrmoH½;kH odYk ay;tyfonf? xdYk aemuf
bd*k sdKûrdYt½SiZf ed &u©w
d \ ZmwdXmeodYk <uawmfrMl uonf? naeydik ;f wGif *smumwmodYk jyef<uawmfrMl uavonf/
vlaygif;rsm;pGm o&P*HkoDvwnfapjcif;ponf
q&mawmfonf rdwaf qGaumif;rsm; jzpfMuaom oD[Vkd q f &mawmf t½Sief m&'ç t½Siyf ,

d 'óD ponfwYkd EiS hf
twl vly*k Kd¾ vfrsm;pGmwdYk tm; o&P*Ho k v
D ponfü wnfapjcif;ç &[ef;cHay;jcif;ç ½Siûf yay;jcif;ç w&m;"r®a[mjyjcif;
ponfjzifh tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;ü omoemûycJ&h m omoemhordik ;f wGif ok0PÖbrl o
d moemûy t½Siaf omPax&fç t½SiOf wå&
ax&fwYkd tvm; tvGex f if½mS ;cJah vonf/
o&P*rae uOöçd eda0aowd okA'k rd¨ m?

uOöd yOöo
d k oDavokç oDav t|0da" y&H/
OyorÜ' yAÁZÆ -udpmö edp okZmwdrm?

uwGmf omoe0k'w ¨ çH¬ Zdeomoebm&a"m/
jrefrmjynf jyef<uawmfrljcif;
e,kev f jynfah usmf 8-&ufç 9-&ufaeYrsm;wGif r[mpnfq&mawmfonf tjcm;oHCmawmf 3-yg;ESiw hf uG

jrefrmoH½;kH ü oHr;ª OD;wifvwf ZeD;a':cifcif&ED iS hf twGi;f 0efO;D azoef; ZeD; a':at;&DwYkd vª'gef;onfh qGr;f udk
bkO;f ay; zawmfrMl uonf? OD;azoef; \om; armifujH rifu h vnf; r[mpnfq&mawmf tvd½k adS om tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;
taMumif; AmvDuRef;taMumif; pmtkyif ,frsm; qufuyfv'ª gef;avonf? r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;onf tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;
EdkifiHü 1321 -ckEpS f uqkev f qef; 8-&uf (14 -5-59)aeYrS e,kefvjynfhausmf 9 -&uf (29 -6-59) aeYtxd 18 -
&ufMum omoemûyawmfrNl yD; e,kev f qkwf 9-&ufaeYn 10-em&Dct JG csdew
f iG f tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;Edik if H *smumwmûrdYavqdyf
rS bDtakd tpDav,mOfjzifh xGucf mG awmfrcl ahJ vonf? jrefrmoH½;kH rSorH ;ª OD;wifvwfç twGi;f 0ef OD;azoef;ç
OD;xGe;f vGeçf OD;xGe;f a½TwYkd avqdyof Ykd vu
kd yf Ykd Muonf? &[ef;opf t½SiZf ed ykwEå iS hf ½Spyf g;oDvapmi x
hf ed ;f ol
Oygodumr okov D mwdYk vnf; vdu
k yf gydYk aqmifMuonf? n 12 -em&D 15 -rdepf tcsdew f iG f puFmyl avqdyo f Ykd a&muf
avonf? wzef 1-em&D 15 -rdepfwiG f av,mOfjyefxu G &f m 1321 -ckEpS f e,kev f jynfah usmf 10 -&uf (30 -6-59)
aeY eHeuf 5-em&D rdepf 20 (*smumwmpHcsed )f jrefrmpH awmfcsdet f m;jzifh 4-em&D rdepf 20 -wGif jrefrmjynf &efuek f
avqdyo f Ykd acsmarmpGm a&mufawmfrcl ahJ vonf? toifêh udqadk eaom wynfw h yef; y&dowfEiS t hf wl 5-em&D tcsdef
wGif omoemh&yd o f modYk acsmarmpGm a&muf½adS wmfrcl ahJ vonf/
udk,fcsrf;omrIudkriJhyJ omoemtwGuf tyifyef;cHjcif;
r[mpnfq&mawmfonf rdru d , kd u
f kd csr;f omrIurkd iJyh J owå0grsm;csr;f oma&;ç oHo&mab; at;Nidr;f a&;
twGuf rsm;pGmtyifyef;cHí aqmif½u
G af wmfrcl ahJ vonf? toif ax½kyw Ü pdå mawmfzwf olawmfaumif;onfvnf; rdrd
wud,
k w
f nf; csrf;omrItwGuf riJuh G uyf J owå0gtrsm;csrf;oma&;twGuf êud;yrf;ygavmh/
twåock g, 0g,marmç ax&ó e u'gpdy?d

owåmeH okcw¬ma,0ç 0g,marm wó oAÁ'g?
wax0 wGrdÜ y*¾PçS 0D&,
d H 0D&meH £'H/
t|owåwdrydkif;
wq,fh½SpfEdkifiH omoemjyK<uawmfrljcif;
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf u½kPmawmfBuD;rm;awmfrv l S \? owå0gawG tdek maoa&;'kua© b;wdYk rS vGwf

ajrmufawmfral pcsiv f oS nf? wurÇmvH;k bk&m;jrwfpmG tqH;k tr w&m;a'oemawmfrsm;udk odapcsiaf om aZma pwem
awGyv
kd o
S nf? odYk jzpfí urÇmYEikd if H tESYH tjym; tyifyef;cHí ud,
k wf ikd o
f moemûy<u&ef rjywfpOf;pm; qifjcifawmfrcl hJ
avonf/
aueEkacg Oyga,eç avmau orÁK'ömoeH?

0dwm¬ &duH Am[kZnHç £'¨H zDwH okywå #H/
yifhavQmufMujcif;
,if;odYk pOf;pm;BuHpnfpOftwGi;f rSmyif 1339 -ck ESpOf ;D avmufuwnf;uyif t*FvefrS t½Siaf &0w"r®EiS hf
tar&duefjynfrS rpöwm *sdK;Zuf*;kd vfpwde;f wdYk onf q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;xH tar&duefç t*Fveftygt0if urÇmYEikd if H
toD;oD;wdYk ü omoemûy&ef tcsed u f sa&mufNyDjzpfaMumif; urÇmYEikd if t
H oD;oD;ü vSnv hf nf omoemûyawmfryl g&ef
yifah vQmufMuavonf? odYk EiS hf q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf urÇmYEikd if t H oD;oD;wdYk ü omoemûy<u&ef qH;k jzwfawmfrcl hJ
avonf/
a&0wm'D[d om"l[çd ,mpda wm "r®umrdb?d

avmauaeauok &a|okç p&dwkH uwedpaä ,m/
w&m;a'oemig;yk'f jyKpD&ifawmfrljcif;
þodYk qH;k jzwfawmfro

l nft
h csed rf pS í r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf urÇmEdik if oH l Edik if oH m;rsm;taejzifh
bk&m;jrwfpmG \ w&m;"r® tarGtESpw f Ykdukd urÇmoH;k t*Fvyd b
f mompum;jzifh aumif;pGm emMum;&ç tvG,w f ul
qnf;ylavhvmEdik yf gu omoemûy&mwGif ydrk kd xda&mufayvdrrhf nf[k êudwifqifjcif ajrmfjrifawmfro l jzifh -
1/ Ak'¨bk&m;½Sif \ tjrwfq;kH w&m;awmfç

2/ Ak'o
¨ moemw&m;awmfç
3/ owdy|mefw&m;awmf (yxrwG)J ç
4/ owdy|mefw&m;awmf ('kw, d wG)J ç
5/ csrf;oma&;w&m;awmfç
[laom w&m;awmf ig;yk'uf kd tvsiftjrefûypD&ifawmfrcl ahJ vonf/
r[mnfax&aoa|m [dç 'DC'óD r[m,wd?

avmudumeH [dww¬m,ç &p,d "r®aygw¬au/
t*Fvdyfbmomjyefqdkapjcif;
,if;w&m;awmfig;yk'f jrefrm bmomrl&if;udk tcsed rf D wdak wmif;onfh umvtwGi;f Ak'o ¨ moemEk*[ ¾

trIaqmiftzGYJ 0if OD;nDnED iS hf wuúov
kd f OD;omEd;k wdYk tm; t*Fvyd b
f mom jyefqadk pí ud,k af wmfwikd f wnf;jzwfppd pf
NyD;aemuf omoemûy c&D;wavQmuf a&muf½rdS nfh Edik if &H yfjcm; t&yfa'oodYk ü t*Fvyd b f mompum; jzifh zwfMum;
a[majym&ef rqkwrf epf xufoefaom vHYk v0D&, d jzifh êudwifjyifqifawmf rlcahJ vonf/
y&d0awåwmG t*Fvo
d -bmom, ,wdaoca&m?
avmudumeH [dww¬m,ç okEa´ & "r®aygw¬au/
BudKwifaqmif½Gufjcif;
,if;w&m;awmf 5-yk'u f kd jrefrmbmomjyefwtkyçf t*Fvyd b f momjzifh wtkyf urÇmYomoemûy w&m;awmf

[laomtrnfjzifh Ak'o ¨ moemEk*[ ¾ tzGYJ rS xkwaf 0jzefYjzL;cJah vonf? q&mawmf<upOf wygwnf;,lEikd &f ef Edik if jH cm;ü
omraPûyvdo k l &[ef;cHvo kd w
l Ykd tvG,w f ul omraP0w çf &[ef;cHEikd &f ef y&du&© m ½Spyf g; ponfwYkd uv kd nf;
pDpOfavonf? ¤if;jyif jynfy½Sw d m0efcyH ifzh w d af om tar&duefjynf rufqmcsL;qufjynfe,f ur®|mef;Xme OD;aqmif
'g½dkufwm rpöwm*dkif;trf(pf)xa&mif; ( Mr. Guy Armstrong ) ESihf ur®|mef;enf;jy q&mrsm;jzpfMua om a'gufwm
*sufuGefzD;vf('f) (Dr. Jack Cornfield )ç rpöwm *sdK;Zuf*dk;vfpwdef; ( Mr. Joseph Goldstein )wdYk EiS hf vnf;aumif;?
t*Fvefjynfbmrif*efûrdY 0uf(pf)rpf('f)(vef)(pf) Ak'b ¨ mom ur®|mef;Xme (West Midlands Buddhist Centre )rS
q&mawmf a'gufwm t½Siaf &0w"r®EiS v hf nf;aumif;? tar&duefjynf 0g½Siw f efEiS hf e,l;a,mufûrdYrsm;½Sd r[mpnf
a,m*Da[mif;rsm;jzpfMuaom OD;cspûf rdiçf OD;vSazwdYk trª;ûyonfh jrefrmAk'b ¨ mom0if yk*Kd¾ vfrsm;ESiv
hf nf;aumif; Ak'¨
omoemEk*[ ¾ tzGYJ onf qufo, G u
f m tpDtpOfrsm; ûyvkycf ahJ vonf/
y#duapö0 um&d,çH u½Hk r@vdum Zem?

ed&mukvum0w¬m,ç ax&ó *rae w'g/
urÇmYomoemjyK<ucgeD; rdefYMum;onfh w&m;awmf
1340-jynfEh pS f aESmifwefc;l vqef; 5-&uf (1 -4-79) aeYwiG f q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; urÇmYomoemûyc&D;

pwifawmfrrl nf jzpfojzifh wynfh &[ef;ç ½Siçf vl a,m*Drsm; axmifEiS chf sDí q&mawmf bk&m;BuD; \ vpef;aomfwm
rsuEf mS awmfuzkd ;l ajrmfç csKd Nrdeo
f m,m w&m;a'oemawmfukd Mum;em&ef&nfoefí vma&mufMuonf? rGe;f vGJ 1-em&D
tcsdewf iG f wynfw h yef; &[ef;ç ½Siçf vl a,m*DwYkd \ vuftyk cf sDr;kd ½Scd ;kd ylaZmf zl;ajrmf uefawmhru
I kd cH,al wmfrNl yD;
atmufygtwdik ;f w&m;a'oem a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf/
]]wynf&h [ef;oHCmawmfrsm;ESihf wynfah ,m*Dtaygif;wdYk tyÜrma'e orÜma'xç [lí bk&m;jrwfpmG

a[mawmfro l nft h wdik ;f rarhravsmrh ayghrqaom owdw&m;jzifh oDvç orm"dç ynmwdYk ukd NyD;pD;jynfph akH pMu&r,f?
tMurf;tm;jzifq h &kd ,if 'geukov kd f yGm;rsm;&efEiS hf oDvvHûk cHatmif aqmufwnf bm0emtm;xkwzf Ykd twGuf tajccH
ygyJ? rdrw d Ykd&YJ oEÅmefrmS jzpfysuaf ewmudk rarhz Ykd ygyJ? jrifcu kd f Mum;cdu
k f eHcu kd f xdawGYcu kd f BuHpnfcu
kd pf wJh
'Gg&ajcmufyg;u jzpfay:vmwdik ;f ½Irw S zf Ykd yJ ponfjzifrh ed Yf Mum;awmf rlonfjh yif a,m*DwOD;ESiw hf OD; &[ef;wyg;ESihf
wyg; qufqjH cif; owday;nTeMf um;jyojcif;ûyonft h cg ½d½k akd oao csdKcsdKomom nTeMf um ; qufqMH u&ef rdrt d usdK;
jzpfxeG ;f apa&;twGuf ususeetm;xkw&f ef rarhravsmh rayghrqaom owdw&m;ESijhf ynfph zkH Ykd urÇmYomoemûy
c&D;prnfq h q J J bke;f BuD;u tqH;k tr ay;cJyh gw,f}} ponfjzifh rdeYf Mum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? q&mawmfonf bk&m;
jrwfpmG \ om;awmfBuD;yDopGm bk&m;rdef YMum;awmfro l nft h wdik ;f twkvu kd rf ed Yf Mum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf/
yka& *päwd aom axa&mç 0d0ad " 0doa, A[l?

a,m*DeH ok*awm0g'Hç t'g um½knrmeaom/
,dk;',m;(xdkif;)EdkifiH befaumufNrdKYodkY<uawmfrlNyD
q&mawmfonf rdrEd ikd if &H yfjcm; wdik ;f wyg;rsm;odYk <uaomfvnf; wynfw h yef; &[efç ½Siçf vl a,m*DwYkd tm;
rdr½d o
dS uJo h Ykdyif rarhravsmah eMu&ef ,if;odYk Mo0g'ay;awmfrNl yD; tzGYJ 0ifrsm;jzpfonfh y&d,wåo d moe[dw "r®p&d,
(oD;jcm;pmcs)ESihf omoe"Z od&yD 0& "r®mp&d, bGYJ wq H yd af wmf& t½Sio f vD meE´mbd0o H ç y&d,wåo d moe[dw"r®m
p&d, (oD;jcm;pmcs)ESihf omoem"Zod&yD 0&"r®mp&d, t½SiZf eumbd0o H ç 'DCbmPu 'DCedum,aum0d' t½Sif
auvmoç t½Sit f *¾"r®ç uyÜ,
d ausmif;q&mBuD;a[mif; OD;jrode;f (armfvûrdi)f wdYk EiS t hf wl &efuek ûf rdY r*Fvm 'Hk
avqdyo f Ykd rGev f JG 2-em&d rdepf 30 -tcsdew f iG f <uawmfrcl ahJ vonf? wynfw h yef; &[ef;ç ½Siçf vla,m*Drsm;pGmwdYk
vduk yf gydYk aqmifMuonf? 3-em&d rdepf 30 wGif r[mpnf q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ESit hf zGYJ onf bDatpD av,mOfjzifh
vduk yf gvsuf ,d;k ',m;(xdik ;f )Edik if H befaumufû rdYoYkd a'opm&Dpwif<ucsDawmfrcl ahJ vonf/
ememaeauok a'aookç rkepd uúmbd0¹k ,

dk m?
r[mpnf*Pmp&da,mç odaó[d edur© d [d acg/
befaumufavqdyfrSBudKqdkMu
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;wdYk pD;eif; vdu

k yf gvmaom bDatpDav,mOfonf befaumufavqdyüf jrefrmpHawmfcsed f
4-em&DwiG f acsmarmpGmqdu k af &mufcahJ vonf? avqdyüf tar&duefEikd if b H m&Dur®|mef;XmerS rpöwm*suxf eG ;f zDv(f 'f)?
cRefy&l ûD rdYrS q&mawmft½Sitf mobç q&mawmft½Sif ynm0Hoç q&mawmf t½Si"f r®meE´ç q&mawmf t½S if"r®meE´\
ausmif;'g,umBuD; cG, H rEG*H g&zmepfç OD;xGe;f ode;f ç a':ararykç orD;q,fvD polwYkd onf êudqMkd uavonf/
tmumo,mewdwr¬ çdS orPm *[|m Oabm?

ypöK*¾reH tuHoçk r[mpnf ax&yk*0F /H
cRefbl&DNrdKU<u Mo0g'ay;jcif;
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf tzGYJ 0ifrsm;ESit hf wl avqdyrf w

S zefbefaumuf ûrdYujkd zwfí rdik f 50 -cefYumG vSr;f
aom cReb f &l ûD rdY½dS q&mawmft½Sit
f mobOD;pD;OD;aqmifw&m;jyo&m ur®|mef;Xme omoemh&yd o f mcGJ 0da0ut&yfoYkd
<uawmfro l nf? q&mawmft½Sit f mob \ cRefb&l &D yd of mü ,d;k ',m; &[ef;ç ½Siçf vl a,m*Drsm; q&mawmf
bk&m;BuD;tm; vma&muf zl;ajrmfuefawmhMuonf? q&mawmfonf a&muf½cdS anmif; y&dowftaygif;wdYk tm; rarh
ravsmh rayghrqyJ w&m;tvkyf ûyvky½f rI w S Mf u&ef Mo0g' ay;awmfrcl ahJ vonf/
cReb
f &l w
D ayg0aeydç r[mpnf u0daoca&m?
"ar®m'aue awarodç orÜawå A[kau Zae/
*syefEdkifiH
*syefEikd if o
H nf &moDOwk tat;vGeu f o
J nfwh ikd ;f jynfjzpfonf? tm½Swu kd tf a½SYbuf ypöyw d o
f r 'k &´ mtwGi;f
ü wnf½adS vonf? ud&k ;D ,m;Edik if H \ ta½SYbufwiG f usL½ªç [Ge½f ;I ç ½Su
d ;kd ul;ESihf [dak u'dk uRef;BuD;av;uRef; yg0ifchJ
avonf? *syefEikd if H\ tus,ft0ef;rSm 142726-pwk&ef;rdik jf zpfavonf/
*syefEikd if o
H nf pD;yGm;a&;tvGeaf umif;aomEdik if jH zpfo nf? qefpyg;ç *sHKç bmvDç tmvl;jzLç tmvl;csdKç
vufzufajcmufç aq;½GuBf uD;ç pyspfo;D ç opfawmfo;D ç yef;oD;ç ausmufr;D aoG;ç a½Tç aiGç cJç oGyçf oH½ikd ;f ç owåKç
caemufprd ;f ç aMu;eDç uefYç xH;k ç ausmufç armfawmfum;trsdK;rsdK;ç pufypön;f trsdK;rsdK;ç "mwkaA'aq;trsd K;rsdK;ç
txnftvdyçf bdvyfajrç a<uxnfç td;k cGuyf ef;uefç zefxnfç rSex f nfç &mbmypön;f trsdK;rsdK;ç puúLtrsdK;rsdK;ç
rD;&xm;trsdK;rsdK;ç oabFmrsdK;pHçk a&'D,çkd uufqufç ½kyjf rifoMH um;ç vQyfppfypön;f rsdK;pHk ponfwYkd xu
G ½f o
dS nf/
*syef00S o
d a,memrç 0domavm "e0g b0d?
MoZ0g okbad u©map0ç tEkaem &wae[d acg/
ud;k uG,rf b
I momtm;jzifh ½Siw
f çkd r[m,meAk'b
¨ momç c&pf,mefwYkd jzpfuek f \/
ax&0g'omoema&muf½Sdjcif;
ouú&mZf 1316 -ckEpS f ewfawmfvwGif &efuek ûf rdY urÇmat;uke;f ajrü usi;f ycJah om wwd,tBudraf jrmuf
urÇmYA'k b
¨ momomr*¾D nDvmcHBuD;odYk wdik ;f jynftoD;oD;rS ud,k pf m;vS,af wmfrsm;ESihf avhvmolrsm; wufa&mufMu
&mwGif xdpk Ofusif;yvsuf½adS om q|o*Fg,em r[m"r®obifBuD;udk ud, k wf ikd u
f ,kd Mf uyfawGY jrifMu&í ax&0g'
Ak'b
¨ momudk txl;pdw0f ifpm;oGm;Muavonf? txl;ojzifh *syefr[m,me Ak'b ¨ mom0if ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;u
bk&m;jrwfpmG omoemtppftrSeu f kd jrifawGYomG ;&NyD; ax&0g'Ak'b¨ momudk avhvmvdpk w d f jyif;jyoGm;Muavonf/
odkYjzpfí 1317 -ckEpS f uqkev f wGif *sy efjynf wdu k sKd ûrdY [dZk if*sb
D ek ;f awmfBuD;ausmif;rS r[m,me bke;f awmf
BuD; &d&ed mum,mruç *syeftrsdK;om;vli,f 12 -OD;ESihf trsdK;orD;wOD;wdYk ukd ax&0g'Ak'b ¨ momudk avhvmoifMum;
&ef apvTwv f akd Mumif; arwåm&yfccH sutf & jrefrmEdik if H Ak'o¨ moemtzGYJ u oabmwlNyD;vufcH cJah vonf?
¤if;wdYk a&muf½v dS maomtcg Ak'o ¨ moemtzGYJ u ax&0g' &[ef;omraP oDv½Sirf sm;tjzpf csD;jr§io f w
G o
f iG ;f NyD;vQif
urÇmat; ty&a*g,meausmif;aqmifüyif xm;½Su d m y&d,wfç y#dywfwYkd ukd oifMum; tm;xkwaf pcJah vonf? ,if;
*syef&[ef;awmfrsm;teuf bduK© 0do'k g¨ o,ç bduK© uk rm&okre wdYk onf ax&0g'Ak'b ¨ momudk avhvm,if;
*syefjynfü ax&0g'Ak'o ¨ moemûy&ef pdwt f m;xufoefMuojzifh *syefjynf½dS yk*Kd¾ vfBuD;rsm;ESihf wdik yf ifum *syefA'k ¨
omoemtzGUJ (Japan Buddha Sasana Society) udk wnfaxmifMuNyD; *syefjynfü rnfuo hJ Ykdax&0g' omoemûy
oifoh nfwYkdukd jrefrmEdik if H Ak'o
¨ moemtzGYJ EiS hf wdik yf ifNyD;vQif -
1/ *syefjynfwiG f ta&;BuD;aom ûrdYBuD;ESpûf rdYjzpfonfh rd*k sûD rdYEiS ,

hf m0wûrdYwYkdü "r®'w
l XmewckpD wnfaxmif
&ef? xdo k Ykd wnfaxmif&ef? xdok Ykd wnfaxmif&eftwGuf ajrae&mESihf odrçf oHCm&mrpaom taqmufttHrk sm;udk
*syefA'k o ¨ moemtzGYJ u &,lwnfaxmif&efEiS hf jrefrmEdik if aH wmf Ak'o ¨ moemtzGYJ u ¤if;Xmersm;wGif urÇmat;apwD
awmfyo kH P²meftwdik ;f apwDwqlwnf&ef/
2/ urÇmat;ukeaf jray:ü *syef"r®'w l 0dZmÆ v,oifwef;ausmif; wckukd jrefrmEdik if H awmf Ak'o

¨ moemtzGYJ u
wnfaxmif&efEiS hf *syefA'k o¨ moemtzGYJ u *syefjynfryS nmwwf vli,fpmoifom;rsm;udk a½G;cs,fí ¤if;wdYk tzGYJ p&dwf
jzifh þausmif;odYk ydYk aqmifynmoufMum;ap&ef/
3/ *syefjynf½dS "r®'wl Xmersm;wGif oHCm&mrESihf odrt f aqmufttHk jynfph akH o mtcg jrefrmEdik if rH S omoem
ûyq&mawmf tenf;qH;k wXmevQif 5-yg;pD jrefrmEdik if aH wmf Ak'o ¨ moemtzGYJ p&dwjf zifh ydYk aqmifomoemûyap&efEiS hf
qGr;f ç ouFe;f ç ausmif;ç aq; ypön;f av;yg;p&dwf wdYk ukd *syefA'k o
¨ moemtzGYJ u uscH&ef? xdo k Ykd <ua&mufrnfh
q&mawmfrsm;udk jref rmEdik if aH wmf Ak'o
¨ moemtzGYJ u a½G;cs,Nf yD; oifwef;rsm; ay;&ef[al om pDru H ed ;f rsm;udk ûyvkyf
&efoabmwlMuonf/
*syef"r®'lw0dZÆmv,ausmif;
yxrtokwf a&muf½v dS maom *syef&[ef;awmfrsm;ESihf oDv½Sirf sm;onf wESpMf umrQ ax&0g'y&d,wåEd iS hf

y#dywård sm;udk oifMum;NyD;aemuf toD;oD;jyef<uMuNyD;vQif 'kw, d tokww f iG u
f m; *syefA'k o
¨ moemtzGYJ u txuf
ygoabmwlncD suft& apvTwv f u
kd af om *syefvil ,f ynmwwf 17 -OD;wdYk onf 1319 -ckEpS f e,kev f qef; 11 -
&uf (8 -6-57) aeYwiG f a&muf½v dS mMuonf? ¤if;*syeftrsdK;om;rsm;udk omraPtjzpf ç &[ef;tjzpfwYkd jzifh
jrefrmEdik if aH wmf Ak'o
¨ moemtzGYJ u oGwo f iG ;f cs;D jr§iahf y;cJah vonf? ¤if;jyif *syef"r®'w l 0dZmÆ v,ynmoifMum;a&;
tzGYJ u owfrw S af y;xm;aom oif½;kd nTe;f wrf;yg y&d,wåpd mayrsm;udk oifMum;apcJah vonf? ¤if;tzGYJ ukd tkycf sKyfa&;
tzGYJ i,f ynma&;tzGJ Yi,fEiS hf pDpOfa&;tzGYJ i,fwYkd jzifh tkycf sKyfoifMum;ay;cJ&h m 1319 -ckEpS t f wGi;f wyg;jyef<uoGm;
NyD; 1320 -ckESpfwGif 5-yg;ç 1321-ckESpfwGif 3-yg;ç 1322-ckESpfwGif 6-yg;ç 1323-ckEpS w f iG f wyg; toD;oD; jyef<u
oGm;Muavonf? ¤if;wdYk rmS y&d,wåt d ajccHoabmw&m;vnf;½S Md uNyD; y#dywåd tvkyu f ykd g tm;xkwo f mG ;Muav
onf? ¤if;jyif rEÅav;ç ppfuikd ;f paom ûrdYBuD;rsm;½Sd pmoifwu kd rf sm;odYk jrefrm&[ef;awmfrsm;ESihf twlomG ;a&mufae
xdik Mf u&ojzifh ax&0g'Ak'b ¨ momtaMumif;udk tawmftoifw h wfoed m;vnf oGm;Muojzifh þausmif;udw k nf
axmif&mü Edik if jH cm;omoemûy vkyif ef;twGuf tawmfyif taxmuftyHh &½Scd ahJ vonf/
rdk*sD"r®'lw|me
azmfjycJo h nfth wdik ;f *syef Ak'o¨ moemtzGYJ EiS hf jrefrmEdik if aH wmf Ak'o
¨ moemtzGYJ wYkd oabmwlnMD uonfh
udpw ö iG f rd*k sDûrdYü "r®'wl Xmewck wnfaxmif&efyg½Scd hJ av&m ¤if;oabmwlncD suft& *syefjynfwiG t f vm;tvmrsm;
tuJcwf&ef t*¾r[my@dw q&mawmf t½Siaf o|dvESihf t*¾r[my@dw q&mawmft½SiÓ f Pkw&å wdYk onf 1317 -
ckEpS f wefc;l vwGif *syefjynfoYkd <uawmfrMl uonf? ¤if;jyif 1318 -ckEpS f e,kev f wGif acgif;aqmif t*¾r[my@dw
a0VKef0efq&mawmfEiS w hf uG t*¾r[my@dw teD;pcef;q&mawmf t½Siyf @dwç t*¾r[my@dw r[mpnfq&mawmf
t½Siaf ombeç t*¾r[my@dw 0dZmÆ vuFm&q&mawmf t½Si0f o d 'k ç¨ t*¾r[my@dw jrif;NcH ud;k aqmifq&mawmf
t½Siaf ombdw [laom q&mawmf 5-yg;ç Ak'o ¨ moemtzGYJ tusdK;aqmifpmcsDw&m;0efBuD; owd;k r[moa&pnfol
OD;csefxeG ;f acgif;aqmifaom vly*k Kd¾ vfrsm;tzGYJ wYkd odro f rkw&f efEiS hf omoema&;udpt ö 00 aqG;aEG;&ef *syefjynfoYkd
<ua&mufawmfrcl MhJ uavonf? ¤if;jyif oHCm&mrausmif;vnf; aqmufvyk í f NyD;pD;ojzifh 1319 -ckEpS f 0gacgifvqef;
wGif 'kw, d 0grD t*¾r[my@dw q&mawmf t½SiÓ f Pkw &å acgif;aqmifaom omoemûy q&mawmf 6 -yg;wdYk *syef
jynf rd*k sûD rdY oHCm&mrodYk <ua&mufow D if;oH;k awmfrcl MhJ uavonf/
om*g&te*g&meHç 0g,mare ywd|w d ?H

or®morÁK'ömoeHç *syef&a| raem&ar/
rdk*sDNrdKUüurÇmat;apwDwnfjcif;
rd*k sûD rdY½dS rum&DO,smOftwGi;f ü ajrwae&mudk *syefwYkd bufrS &,lNyD; urÇmat;apwDawmfukd rd*k sDûrdYawmf0ef
acgif;aqmifaom rd*k sDurÇmat;apwD wnfaqmufa&;tzGYJ u wnfaqmufcahJ vonf? oHCm&mrrSm a½S;OD;pGmNyD;pD;
ojzifh 1319 -ckEpS f 0gacgifvwGif urÇmat;apwDawmftwGuf jrefrmEdik if aH wmf Ak'o ¨ moemtzGYJ u jrefrmaiG 2-
ode;f cGEJ iS hf nDrQaom *syef,ef; 17 -oef;udk jrefrmEdik if aH wmf oH½;kH rSwqifh bk&m;wnfaqmufa&;tzGYJ oYkd 1319 -ckEpS f
awmfovif;vu vTt J yfay;cJ&h m 1320 -ckEpS f waygif;vavmufwiG f apwDwnfaqmufjcif;udpö NyD;cJah vonf?
rd;k ukwûf rdYrS OD;0acgif;aqmifaom pdezf ;l awmfv'ª gef;a&;tzGYJ rS vª'gef;aom pdezf ;l awmfukd jrefrmEdik if aH wmf Ak'o ¨ moem
tzGYJ Ouú|a[mif; owd;k oD&o d "k r®qmOD;oGiu f usyw
f aomif;cefY tukecf rH rG ;f rHNyD;vQif ¤if;ESpf wefaqmifrek f ;vwGif
Edik if aH wmf Ak'o ¨ moemtzGYJ b@ma&; tzGYJ i,f obmywd r[moa&pnfol OD;tke;f azESihf jrefrmoHtrwfBuD;
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JG kd atmifjrifpmG usif;yEdik cf ahJ vonf/
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zlusL,duk m av,mOfuiG ;f ü q&mawmf t½Si"f r®mpm&ESihf tjcm ;'umrsm;yg vma&mufêudqMkd uavonf? rd*k sûD rdYoC H m
&mrausmif;wdu k üf *syefbek ;f awmfBuD;rsm;ESihf jrefrm&[ef;awmf t½Siaf 0ykvw ’ Ykd u OD;aqmifí tazsmf,rumwdYk ukd
vdak vonfr½daS tmif qufuyfMuukef \? q&mawmfonf rd*k sûD rdY oHCm&mrü oDwif;oH;k awmfrMl uaom q&mawmf
t½Sifa0ykvç’ t½Si"f r®mpm&ç t½Siaf crdEw ´ Ykd tm; Mo0g'ay;awmfrol nf? a&muf½v dS maom 'umç 'umrwdYk tm;
oifah vsmaf om w&m;"r®ukd a[mjycs;D ajr§muf awmfrcl ahJ vonf/
rd*k syD ak & oHCm&març ax&daE´m r[mnf0aS ,m?

"ar®m'aue odaOÆoçd ZemeH [dww¬m, acg/
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,dw k mrS av,mOfjzifh wdu k sKd ûrdYoYkd <uawmfrMl uonf? wdu k sKd ypözd w
d [f wkd ,f txl;cef;wGif wnf;cdo k w D if;oH ;k awmfrl
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abmZOf csdKcsOft&omtjzm jzmwdYk ukd qufuyfvyk af uR;vª'gef;Muonf? q&mawmfonf qGr;f bkO;f ay;NyD; tEkarm'em
w&m;a[mNyD; q&mawmf tm;vH;k nDnn D mnm y&dw½f w G f cs;D ajr§mufawmfrMl uonf/
&mZ'lwedauwrSçd "r®rKÁ embdaop,d?

r[mpnf,wdy*k aF 0gç "ar®ok oówm'a&m/
urmuk½kqif;wkawmfBuD;
urmuk& qif;wkawmfBuD;onf tHMh ozG,çf Munfñzkd , G af umif;onfh aMu;qif;wk½yk yf mG ;awmfBuD; jzpfawmfrl

onf? urÇmt&yf&yfrS *syefjynfoYkd a&muf½v dS mMuaom Ak'o ¨ moem MunfñMkd uonfh &[ef;½Siv f l olawmf aumif;wdYk
,if;qif;wkawmfBuD;odYk ta&mufomG ;í zl;ajrmfMuonfom rsm;avonf? *syefjynfojl ynfom;wdYk vnf; vma&muf
zl;ajrmfMu&m y&dowf pJonfr½S[ d l \? ,if; ½kyyf mG ;awmfBuD;onf wdu k sdKûrdY awmifbuf [du k [kd m;rm;ûrdYteD;wGif
wnf½adS vonf? ,if;qif;wkawmfBuD;rSm rsufc;kH awmf vç jcrf;yHo k P²mef½í dS rsufvmT awmfcsawmfrv l suf rsufv;kH
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zl;ajrmf&olwikd ;f ½Tiaf ysmfEpS ûf rdY pdwuf ñ
kd YId ouJoh Ykd jzpfum qif;wkawmfBuD; tem;rS rcGcJ mG csifat mif ½Sdavonf/
urmuk½ok yk #drmç aombempm½k'óem?

yóEÅmeH rEkómeHç reH awmaowd oAÁ'g/
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k yk f
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f ikd ;f 'PfaMumifh ysufp;D cJ&h m wzeftvªaiGrsm; aumufcí H
1252-ckEpS w f iG f aMu;qif;wkawmfBuD;udk oGe;f vky&f m atmifjrifNyD;ajrmufcahJ vonf? ausmif;awmfuv kd nf; wcsed f
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wzef 1923 -ckwiG f ajr ivsif'PfaMumifh ½kyyf mG ;awmfBuD; a½SYoYkd tenf;i,fiu

kd u
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awmfrcl ahJ vonf? xdak eY 10 -em&D 25 -rdepfwiG f qdu k af &mufawmfrcl ahJ vonf? bke;f awmfBuD; ql*ZD muD;u êudqykd ifh
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tvGex f if½mS ;onfh urmuk&qif;wkawmfBuD;udv k nf; zl;jrifawmfrcl ahJ vonf? ¤if;aemufwiG f wdu
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cJah vonf/
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ayghonfç iefonfç csOfonfç pyfonf[k rdeYf Mum;awmfrrlygacs/
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h ;kH í omoemûyMuonf? xdak usmif;rS ausmif;xdik w f Ad uf
bke;f BuD;onf r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;udk rd rdausmif;odYk a&mufapvdak om qE´veG pf mG jyif;jyavonf? odYk EiS hf
q&mawmfBuD;tm; wdAufausmif;odYk <ua&mufcs;D ajr§mufyg&ef avQmufxm; cJah vonf? odYk jzpfí q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;
onf <ua&mufawmfrí l tv’my ov’my pum;ajymNyD; bk&m;jrwfpmG \ tqH;k tr tESpo f m& pum;rsm;udk oufq;kH
wdik f rSwo f m;Edik af vmufatmif rdeYf Mum;awmfrcl hJ avonf/
*EÉm wdAuf0[
d m&rÜçd ,wdaoa|m r[m0d'gG ?
um½knH aom [d y#dpçö "ar®emEk*[
¾ H tum/
psifw&m;Xme<u 0dyóemw&m;a[m
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf u½kPmawmf tvGeBf uD;rm;awmfro l nf? wbufom; t,lreS &f avatmifç trSef
vrf;pOf usifoh ;kH Edik af vatmif pdw½f n
S pf mG onf;cHNyD; w&m;a[mawmfral vh½odS nf? ar;vmorQjyóem t&yf&yfukd
vnf; pdw½f nS ½f n S Ef iS hf om,mjznf;nif;pGm ajzqdak wmfral vh½odS nf? wdA ufausmif;rS zJcmG awmfrcl NhJ yD;aemuf psiw
f &m;
Xme (Zen Centre )odYk <uawmfrí l 0dyóemw&m; tusOf;csKyf a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? q&mawmf t½SiZf eum
bd0o
H (csr;f ajrY&yd o f m) u t*Fvyd f bmomjyefqakd y;awmfro l nf? jyóemrsm;udv k nf; ajzqdak wmfro l nf?¤if;aemuf
'umç 'umrwdYk ukd em&D0ufcefY w&m;xdik af pawmfrcl ahJ vonf? q&mawmfum; "r®jzifh owå0grsm; olawmfaumif;
w&m;rS rqkw, f w k af tmif xm0pOf usifah qmifawmfrcl ahJ vonf/
"r®m&marm "r®&awmç "r®H tEk0pd Ed ,

Å ?H
"r®H tEkó&H bduK© ç o'¨rm® ey&d[m,wd/ 1
qGrf;tEkarm'emw&m;a[mjcif;
aESmif;wefc;l vqef; 11 -&uf (7 -4-79) aeY t½kPq f rG ;f ESihf aeYqrG ;f udk 'umOD;wifat;ESihf rdom;pkwYkd u
o'¨gw&m;xufoefpmG wm0ef,l qufuyfv'ª gef;Muonf? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf qGr;f 'umç qGr;f tpfrrsm;ESihf
y&dowftm; 5-yg;oDvay;í qGr;f tEkarm'emw&m;udk a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? 'umç 'umrtaygif;wdYk
q&mawmfrsm;udk qGr;f uyfv&ª onfh aumif;rIaMumifh oHo&m 0#f'u k B© uD; tNyD;wdik f Nidr;f pJ&m edAmÁ efukd tm½Hûk yvª&
r,f? 0#furkd arQmrf eS ;f rawmif w
h MuESihf ajrmfjrifwwfoMd uwJh ynm½Srd sm; 0¥edów d 'geudrk ûyMuyJ 0d0¥edów d 'ge
udk ûyMuaMumif; ponfjzifh a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf/
e y@dawm Oy"dock ó a[wkç ''EÅd 'gemed ykeAÇ0g,?

© m, ç ''EÅd 'geH tykeAÇ0g,/ 1
umrOö aw Oy"d y&du,
w&m;tm;xkwfapjcif;
'umç 'umrtaygif; olawmfaumif;wdYk w&m;tm;rxkwyf J toufw&m½Sní f ae&apumrl w&m;tm;xkwf

NyD; waeYw&ufrQ ae&wmu ydjk rwfw,f? w&m;tm;xkwv f Qif vljzpfusKd ;eyfygw,f? odYk jzpfí w&m;tm;xkwMf u&
r,f ponfjzifh rdeYf Mum;awmfrNl yD; pepfwus enf;ay;í a,m*Dy&dowftm; wem&DcefY 0dyóemw&m; yGm;rsm;tm;
xkwaf pawmfrcl ahJ vonf/
or®wHå Zeum,rÜçd um&my,d 0dyóeH?

{uEÅH r[mpnfaxa&mç uvsmaP eda,mZaum/
½Spfyg;oDvay; csrf;oma&;w&m;a[m
,if;onfh {NyDv 7-&ufaeY naeydik ;f wGif [dEk v

kd v
l l urÇmYA'k b
¨ momtoif; (Wold Buddhist
Fellowship)\ 'kw, d Ouú| [dEk v
kd v
l l trsdK;om; rpöwm qlem,dEk , kd mbm& ( Mr. Sunabara )ESihf ur®|mef; enf;jy
q&m tufuif½dk½Sd( Aitken Roshi ) wdYk u q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;tm; vma&mufz;l ajrmf uefawmhMuavonf?
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u ½Spyf g;oDvay;NyD; csr;f oma&;w&m;udk a[mMum;awmfro l nf? ¤if;aemuf ¤if;wdYk tm; w&m;
xdik af pawmfrcl ahJ vonf/
r[mo,meH 'GEd ré çdÜ "r®rKÁ em okawmo,D?

ar"m0D ,wd yk*aF 0gç r[mpnftEGwm¬ 0Sa,m/
[dkEdkvlvl½SdjrefrmwdkY qGrf;'gejyK
wefc;l vqef; 12 ({NyDv 8) &ufaeY eHeufwiG f [dEk vkd v

l ½l dS jrefrmtrsdK;om; tr sKd ;orD;wdYk onf q&mawmf
bk&m;BuD;tm; qGr;f uyfNyD; oDvcH,íl a&pufcs trQay;a0Muonf? [dEk v kd v
l ½l dS jrefrmtrsdK;om; trsdK;orD;wdYk t&
awmfMuonf[k qd&k rnfjzpf \? w&m;ojzifh ½SmazG&tyfaom "r®, d v'ÿpön;f udk uHç uH \tusdK; ,HMk unfí Munf
Munfññ kd kd oDvüwnfNyD; oDv0EÅ yk*Kd¾ vfv'ª gef;jcif;onf BuD;us,fzYHG ûzd; tusdK;rsm;vS \[k bk&m;jrwfpmG a[mawmf
rlcahJ vonf/
a,m oDv0g oDv0aEÅok ''gwd 'geHç

"ar®e v'¨H okyoEépad wåm?
tbdo'´[H ur®zvH OVm&Hç
k yævEÅd jALrd 1/
wH a0 'geH 0dyv
avmhpftdef*s,fvfvdpfodkY c&D;qufjcif;
xdak eYwiG f tar&duefjynfyodYk yso

H ef;rnfh av,mOfrmS aemufusojzifh [dEk v kd v l rl mS yif aeYqrG ;f bkO;f ay;awmf
rlMuum avmhpt f ed *f s,v f dpf (Los Angeles)odYk rGe;f vGt
f v J csdew
f iG rf S c&D;qufawmfrMl uavonf/
q&mawmfonf ]]cspfom;&[ef;wdYk vltrsm; tusdK;pD;yGm; ½Sad &;twGuçf vltrsm; csrf;oma&;twGuçf

avmuudk apmifah ½Smufa&;twGuçf ewfvw l Ykd tusdL;pD;yGm; csrf;oma&;twGuf a'opm&D v n S vhf nfMu? tpaumif;
jcif;ç tv,faumif;jcif;ç tqH;k aumif;jcif; ½So d nft h euf t"dymÜ ,fo'´gyg jynfph okH nfh w&m;awmfuakd [mMuç vH;k 0
jynfph o
kH nfh pifMu,fjrifjh rwfaom tusiu
fh kd usiMhf u}} [laom a'oemESin hf pD mG usiahf wmfro
l nfh yk*Kd¾ vfjrwfjzpfawmf
rlygayonf/
r[mpnfax&aoa|m aomç Ak'0¨ gPdE0k wåaum?

orÁK'¨puútmumaoç edomua&m0aombwd/
umvDzdk;eD;,m;jynfe,fü omoemjyKjcif;
tar&duefjynfaxmifpk (The United States of America )onf us,0f ef;onf? pwk&ef;rdik f 3ç554ç000 -
us,f0ef;avonf? tar&duef jynfaxmifpo k nf tar&duwdu k t
f v,fyikd ;f wGif wnf½o dS nf? ajrmufbufwiG f
uae'gEdik if w H nf½í
dS ta½SYbufwiG f twåvEÅw d f ork'&´ mç awmifbufwiG f ruúqu D kd Edik if EH iS hf tv,fyikd ;f tar&du
wdYk wnf½NdS yD; taemufbufwiG f ypdzö w d o f rk'&´ mwdYk 0ef;&Hwnf½adS vonf? ,if;tar&duefjynfaxmifpük umvD
zd;k eD;,m; jynfe,ftygt0if jynfe,faygif; 50 -½Sad vonf? umvDz;kd eD;,m; jynfe,fonf pwk&ef; rdik f 158693 -
rdik f us,f0ef;í jynfe,fûrdYawmfrmS pu&mrif;wd;k ûrdY jzpfavonf? q&mawmfEiS hf tzGYJ a&muf½S dcsdef 1340 -jynfEh pS f
aESmif;wefc;l vqef; 12 -&uf (8 -4-79) aeY nae 5 -em&DausmfwiG f qefz&efppöuçkd e,l;a,mufç vl0ZD , D Eém;ûrdYrsm;
rS a':wifviId çf a':cifpçk OD;cspfûrdif wdYk EiS hf tar&duefvrl sdK;rsm; jrefrmtrsm;tjym; c&D;OD;êudqckd MhJ uavonf? xdak eY
naewGif avmhpt f ed *f s,f(vf)vd(pf) ½Sd psifomoemûypcef;wGif wnf;cdak wmfrcl MhJ uavonf/
umvDz;kd eD;,m;a'oHyçd r[maxa&m okZmwdrm?

ZdeomoeH aZmawoHçk yawåm odaó[d Ówdb/d
owdy|mefw&m; a[mMum;awmfrljcif;
aESmif;wefc;l vqef; 13 -&uf (9 -4-79) aeYwiG f a':wifviId f trª;ûyonfh trsdK;om; trsdK;orD;rsm;ESihf psif
XmerS t½kPq f rG ;f uyfMuí ,d;k ',m;(xdik ;f )ç uarÁm'D;,m;(urfy;l csm;)ESihf jrefrmwdik ;f &if;om;rsm;u q&mawmf
bk&m;BuD; wnfc&kd modYk vma&mufí aeYqrG f ;qufuyfv'ª gef;Muonf? rGe;f vGJ 1-em&Dtcsdew f iG f psifausmif;rS
bke;f BuD;rsm;ç tar&duef 'g,umç 'g,dumrrsm;ç jrefrm'g,umç 'g,dumr 150 -cefYwYkdtm; q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;
u owdy|mefw&m; a[mMum;awmfro l nf? q&mawmf t½SiZf eumbd0o H (csr;f ajrY&yd o f m)u t*Fvyd bf mom jyefqkd
cJhavonf/
wrSpd siXf merEád &ç r[mpnfax&aomca&m?

"ar®m'aue awarodç orÜawå A[kau Zae/
,yfumAJvDodkY <uawmfrljcif;
f iG f armfawmfum;rsm;jzifh ,yfu m AJvD (Yacca Valley ) odYk <uawmfrl

xdak eY 2-em&dred pf 30 -cefYtcsed w
onf? nae 6-em&DcefYwiG f ,yfumAJvo D Ykd a&mufawmfrcl ahJ vonf/
o&P*HkoDvay; w&m;a[mjcif;
,yfumAJvûD rdYonf &moDOwk om,maumif;rGeaf eonf? aemufwaeYjzpfaom aESmif;wefc;l vqef; 14 -

&uf (10 -4-79) ae YwiG f bm&DûrdY ur®|mef;XmerS a&muf½adS eol rdu k u
f ,fvf (Michael) qufuyfv'ª gef;onfh
t½kPq f rG ;f ESihf aeYqrG ;f udk bkO;f ay;awmfro
l nf? aeYv,fyikd ;f wGif 0dyóemur®|mef; ESiphf yfí ar;avQmufonfh
jyóemt&yf&yfudk ajzqdkawmfrlí n 8 -em&Dtcsderf pS í a&muf½cdS anm if; 140-cefY½Sd y&dowftaygif;tm; o&P*Hk
oDv ay;oem; cs;D jr§iahf wmfrNl yD; w&m;a[mawmf rlcahJ vonf/
,yfumAJvo
D yk ak &ydç r[mpnfax&ukOaö &m?
avmu*¾"r®aoa|eç Ek*a¾ [od taeu"m/
jyóemt&yf&yf ajzqdkjcif;
wefc;l vjynfh (11 -4-79) aeYwiG f q&mawmf t½SiZf eumbd0o H u a,m*Daygif; 80 -cefYwYkd tm; w&m;ppf
awmfrí
l t½Sit f *¾"r®u a,m*D 60 -cefYwYkdtm; w&m;ppfavonf? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf waeYv;kH vdv k kd
vma&mufz;l ajrmf ar;jref;Muaom yk*Kd¾ vfwYkd \ jyóemt&yf &yf ar;cGe;f trsm;tjym;udk pdw½f n
S ½f n
S f ajzqdak wmfrcl hJ
avonf? t½Siaf &0w"r®EiS hf t½Siof v D meE´wYkd u t*Fvyd b
f mom pum;jyeftjzpf aqmif½uG af wmfrMl uonf/
wo®ð [d 0oaEÅm axa&mç r[mpnfax&y@dawm?

yka|m yk a|m 0d,mumodç um½kno[dawm ok"/D
a'gufwmvSwifaiGtm; &[ef;cHay;jcif;
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf naeydik ;f wGif 'kvb ’ &[ef;tjzpf acwå&[ef;ûyvdak om &efuek ûf rdY tif;vsm;vrf;
ae a':jrusif \om; a'gufwmvSwifaiGtm; OyZÑm,fûyí &[ef;cHay;awmfro l nf? acwåt cdu k t f wefY &[ef;ûyaomf
vnf; aus;Zl;rsm;aMumif; odum© oDvrsm;udk rusKd ;rayguf rajymufrMum;atmif apmifah ½Smuf&rnf jzpfaMumif;
Mo0g'ay;awmfrcl ahJ vonf/
r[mpnfax&aoa|m [dç aeauoH tmapa&m 0d'gG ?

taeauoH [d tw¬m,ç orÇLawm ax&aoca&m/
tjrwfqHk;w&m;awmfudk a[mMum;jcif;
tar&duef jynfaxmifp½k dS {NyDvtwGi;f wGif &moDOwk tajctae aumif;rGef \? py&if;wdik ;f ac: &moDyef;
rsm; zl;yGifha0qmvsuf½Sdonfhjyif pHawmfcsdef n 8 -em&Dtxd arSmif&dyfrxdk; t vif;a&mifûzd;vsuf ½Sdayonf/ n 7 -
em&Dtcsderf S n 8-em&D tcsed cf efYtxd q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf tjrwfq;kH w&m;awmf (The Noble Teaching of
Buddha)udk t*Fvy d v
f kd a[mawmfrcl ahJ vonf/
"r®uxH 0&wrHç y0a&mç ax&aoca&m?

o*¾armu©m'dtw¬m,ç edpmä &,d ok"w
D rd m/
wpfaeYvHk; w&m;jzifh csD;ajr§muf
aESmif;wefc;l vjynfah usmf 1-&uf (12 -4-79) aeYwiG v f nf;q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ESiw

hf uG omoemûytzGYJ 0if
rsm;onf w&m;ppfjcif; w&m;a[mjcif;rsm;udk ûyawmfrcl ahJ vonf? r[mpnfq&mawmfBuD; onfvnf; tcsed t f m;
rxm;yJ w&m;a[mjcif;ç w&m;ppfjcif;rsm;udk ûyawmfrcl ahJ vonf? omoemawmf pnfyifa&;wGuf rsm;pGmtvkyv f yk f
awmfro
l nfh yk*Kd¾ vfjrwfjzpfawmfro
l nf/
r[mpnfax&aoa|m [dç OK,sKawåm Ak'o

¨ moae?
omoeaZmwew¬m,ç o'g 'V§y&uúarm/
owdy|mefw&m;awmf yxrydkif; a[mMum;awmfrljcif;
aESmif;wefcl;vjynfhausmf 2-&uf (13 -4-79) aeYwiG f uarÁm'D;,ef; trsdK;om; trsdK;orD; wpkwYkd u ig;yg;
oDvcH,u l m aeYqrG ;f qufuyfí y&dwf w&m;awmfrsm;udk em,lMuygonf? q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;onf o&P*Hw k nf
apjcif;ç oDvay;jcif;ç w&m;"r®a[mjyjcif;jzifh rsm;pGmcs;D ajr§muf awmfrcl ahJ vonf? nydik ;f wGiv
f nf; ud,
k w
f ikd f owd
y|mefw&m;awmfBuD; yxrydik ;f udk u½kPma½SYxm; a[mMum;awmf rlcahJ vonf/
okorÜwZå emerÜçd r[maxa&m ok"w

D rd m?
owdy|me"ar®eç y*¾[d ,wd aoca&m/
owdy|mefw&m;awmf 'kwd,ydkif;qufvufa[mjcif;
wzef aESmif;wefcl;vjynfhausmf 3 -&uf (14 -4-79) aeYwiG v f nf; w&m;tm;xkwaf pjcif;ç w&m;ppfjcif;rsm;
udk ûyawmfrNl yD; aumif;uifjrpfukd qGcJ sonfyrm owdy|mefw&m;awmf 'kw,
d ydik ;f udk qufvufa[mMum;awmfrcl hJ
avonf/
tmumo**ø axa&m[dç Mowma&aEÅm0 a'o,d?

owdy|me"ar®eç Ek*a¾ [od taeu"m/
Mo0g'ay;ç tEkarm'emw&m;a[mjcif;
oBuFe&f ufjzpfaom aESmif;wefc;l vjynfah usmf 14 -&uf 915 -4-79) aeYwiG f ,yfumAJvt D &yf q&mawmf
bk&m;BuD;ESihf omoemûytzGYJ oDwif;oH;k &modYk jrefrmrdom;pkwYkd qufuyfv'ª gef;onfh qGr;f udk bkO;f ay;awmfrMl uNyD;
vQif qGr;f 'umç qGr;f 'umrrsm;ESihf a&muf½vdS mMuaom 'umç 'umr taygif;wdYk tm; o&P*Ho k v
D aqmufwnf
apNyD; tEkarm'em w&m;csD;jr§iahf wmfro
l nf? rGe;f vGJ 2 -em&Dtcsed w
f iG f csr;f ajrY&yd o
f mq&mawmfu em&D0ufcefY w&m;
za[mawmfro l nf/
r[mpnfax&oarwmç ax&mxda&ok oP²w d m?

ZemeH tEk*a¾ [oHçk o'g O,sKwårmeom/
obm0½Icif;rsm;½Ipm;jcif;ç ykpämrsm;ajzqdkjcif;
aESmif;wefc;l vjynfah usmf 15 -&uf (16 -4-79) aeY eHeufyikd ;f umvü q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ESihf tzGYJ onf
vSnfhvnf½Ipm;awmfrlcJhavonf? nae 3 -em&DrS 3-em&Dct JG xd t½Sit
f *¾"r®u w&m;a[monf? nOfOh ;D ,H tcsdef 7 -
em&DrS 8-em&Dtxd q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;onf ar;avQmuforQ jyóemt&yf&yfukd ajzqdak wmfrcl ahJ vonf/
obm0'óed,medç 'u©o ð k ,wduOk &Æ m?

ykpw
dä H aeuyO§rçdÜ 0dóZÆd ,wduOk aÆ &m/
bk&m;jrwfpGmusifh0wfudkjyojcif;
1341-ckEpS f wefc;l vjynfah usmf 6-&uf (17 -4-79) aeYwiG f t½kPq f rG ;f bkO;f ay;awmfrNl yD; q&mawmf
bk&m;BuD;ESihf tzGYJ 0ifrsm;onf ,yfumAJv&D yd f ome,fajrtwGi;f y@dywfqrG ;f cHawmfrMl uonf? a,m*Drsm;u qGr;f ESihf
oifah vsmaf om[if;vsmrsm; avmif;vªMuonf? q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;onf Edik if &H yfjcm;ü Edik if jH cm;om;wdYk tvGev f Qif
tawGYtjrifenf;aom bk&m;½Sif\ usi0hf wfukd jyoawmfrjl cif;jzpfavonf/
p&dwH oAÁAak '¨[çd ok'ó,d okZmwdrm?

0da'ao ,wd aoca&mç omoem|dwrd meaom/
,yfumAJvDü 7-&ufpcef; vufpowfjcif;
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf ,yfumAJvüD 7-&ufywfv;kH oDwif;oH;k awmfrí l 'g,umç 'g,dumr wdYk tm;
o&P*Ho k v
D üwnfapjcif;ç w&m;"r®a[mjyjcif;ç jyóemt&yf&yfukd ajzqdjk cif;jzifh omoemawmfupd ö t00udûk y
vkyf&m 7-&ufpcef;udk vufpowfawmfrcl ahJ vonf? ,if;odYk q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; 7 -&ufywfv;kH oDwif;oH;k í usifh
aqmifawmfrjl cif;um; twdik ;f rod aus;Zl;½Sad vonf/
,yfumAJvo
D ak 'orSçd owåm[H aom 0od 0od?
r[mpnf,wdy*k aF 0gç ÓPD y@dwaoca&m/
qefz&efppöudkü omoemjyKawmfrljcif;
r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ESit hf zGYJ onf (17 -4-79) aeY eHeuf 9-em&Dtcsdew f iG f av ,mOfuiG ;f ½S&d m
yrfpy&if;(*f) (Palm Spring )odYk <uawmfro l nf? av,mOfuiG ;f ü qGr;f bkO;f ay;awmfrNl yD; qefz&efppöukd (San
Francisco)odkY xGufcGmcJhavonf? rGef;vGJ 1 -em&Dausmf tcse d w
f iG f av,mOfonf ajrjyifoYkd nifompGm qif;oufchJ
avonf? q&maw mfb&k m;BuD;onf bk&m;jrwfpmG \*kPfawmfç t½SifaomPç t½SifOwå&tp½Sdaom a½S;a½S;omoem
ûy yk*Kd¾ vfBuD;rsm;\ *kPaf wmfukd atmufarh qifjcifí av,mOfpeD if;vdu k yf gawmfrcl ahJ vonf/
or®morÁK'¨*P
k pH ç aomP'd,wDeH *kP?H
tEkó&aEÅm [kwmG eç ,mae ½kaV§mokA'k rd̈ m/
yef;cif;BudKqdkMu
qefz&efppöuakd vqdyüf a'gufwm&Demqmum;ç OD;cspfxeG ;f ESihf jrefrmtrsdK;om;ç trsdK;orD; rsm;pGmwdYk onf

yef;arGY&mcif; c½koif;rIwuf m-
Z,wk r[mpnf,wduOk aÆ &mç 'd yw Ü k acg oAÁño

k o
k moeH?
ZmeEÅK 0da'oduZem "r®çH arm'EÅK avmudum Zem tpöE/HÅ
r[mpnfax&fbek ;f aqG atmifygap? bk&m;jrwfpmG omoema&mif xGe;f ajymifygap? Edik if &H yfjcm; wdik ;f wyg;
om;wdYk w&m;odMuygap? urÇmwcGirf sm;vl½iS f pifppfaysm½f iT Mf uyg apponf t"dymÜ ,fyg½Sad ompum;wdYk ukd ESv;kH oGi;f
qifjcifí êudqMkd uavonf/
qefz&efppöuykd ak &ç tmumowdwb

¬ w
l av?
taeau Zem orÜwmG ç ypöK*¾reru½H/k
EIwfcGef;qufw&m;a[m y&dwf½GwfcsD;ajr§mufjcif;
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ESit hf zGYJ onf aeY 1-em&Dausmw f iG f a&muf½adS wmfr&l m qefz&efppöuw kd iG f vDwmvDzuf
(Lita Lipat ) trnf½dS zDvyd Ed kd (Phillipino) 'umrBuD;u ¤if;ydik t f rd w
f vH;k udk ausmif;trSwf oDwif;oH;k awmfr&l ef
aus;Zl;½Sif r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;tm;avQmufxm; vTt J yfchJ avonf? n 7-em&D (Cutural Intergration
Fellowship) wnf&mXmeodYk <uawmfrNl yD;vQif EIwc f eG ;f qufw&m; a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? ¤if;aemuf y&dw½f w G f
qdk o&ZÑm,f csD;jr§iahf wmfrcl ahJ vonf/
o'¨ro
® vdavemyfç y&dw"å r®0g&dem?
okZmwdrm ax&u0dç Ek*a¾ [od taeu"m/
xl;jcm;aomy&dowf
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; a[mMum;onfw h &m;udk emMum;onfyh &dowfaygif; 100 -ausmcf efYwiG f rsuEf mS jzL Ak'¨
bmom0ify&dowfrsm;u jrefrmrsm;xuf ydrk rkd sm;jym;avonf? ,if;y&dowfxw J iG f tar&dueftom;rJ rdom;pkrsm;
vnf; yg0ifcahJ vonf? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; \ oDvwefc;kd awmfaMumifh a&muf½ydS g0ifonfh xl;jcm;onfh y&dowfyg
wum;/
ax&ó oDvawaZeç A[ltar&duef Zem?

orÜwmå ax&yg'rSçd ta[m ax&ok*P
k wm/
om,m½IarmzG,fNrdKYawmf
qefz&efppöu\ kd eHeufcif; ol&, d aerif;jyLp tcsed u

f mv cgor,onfum; 4-em&D rdepf 30 -jzpfav
onf? ESi;f rIerf sm;jzifh rvHwk vHk zH;k vTr;f xm;ayonf? aeol&,d a*g,muRef;xGe;f csdeu
f m; 7 -em&D 15 -rdepf jzpfav
onf? qefz&efppöuNkd rdKYawmfum; om,m½IarmzG,yf gwum;/
qefz&efppöuykd &k çH ½kp&d H okraem[&H?

ok'u©,
d &H mraP,sHç aewå', G &om,eH/
owdy|mefw&m;a[mjcif;ç a,m*Drsm;w&m;xdkifapjcif;
1341-ckESpf wefcl;vjynfhausmf 7-&uf (18 -4-79) aeYwiG f t½kPq f rG ;f bkO;f ay;awmfrNl yD;aemuf r[mpnf
q&mawmfb&k m;ESihf tzGYJ onf (Space Cent re) odYk acwå<ua&mufMunf½h aI wmfrNl yD;vQif tar&dueftrsdK;om;
awmifyv k &mawmfBuD;\wynfh rpöwmb&pf ( Mr.Bruce) qufuyfv'ª gef;onfh qGr;f udk bkO;f ay;awmfro
k q l nf? xdk
aeYwiG f waeYv;kH vdv
k ykd if te,fe,ftpdYk pYkd rS vma&mufMuaom 'umç 'umrwdYk \ zl;ajrmfj cif;udk cHawmfrcl ahJ v
onf? ar;orQaom ar;cGe;f rsm;udv k nf; ajzMum;awmf rlcahJ vonf? n 7 -em&d tcsdefwGif ( Cultural INtergration
Fellowship) pcef;XmewGif q&mawmfb& k m;BuD;onf t*Fvyd b
f momjzifh owdy|mefyxrydik ;f udk a[mMum;awmfrcl hJ
avonf? ¤if;aemuf a,m*D y&dowf 120-ausmfwYkd ukd em&D0ufcefY w&m;xdik af pawmfrcl hJ avonf/
a'o,dowdy|me-"r®KwårH r[m,wd?
0dyóeH um&mayodç 0dyóemokaum0da'g/
wzef wefc;l vjynfah usmf 8-&uf (19 -4-79) aeYwiG v f nf; 'umç 'umrwdYk tzl;tajrmfcçH jyóem
t&yf&yfukd ajzMum;awmfrNl yD; nydik ;f wGif owdy|mefw&m;awmf 'kw,d ydik ;f udk t*Fvyd f jrefrm 2-bmomjzifh
a[mMum;awmfrNl yD; ,cifaeYuenf;wl w&m;txdik cf ikd ;f awmfral vonf/
r[mpnfax&aoa|m aomç 0dyóemuxd aum 0d'Gg/

ZemeH o*¾armu©m,ç edaomZaum okZmwdrm/
0g½Sifwefü omoemjyKawmfrljcif;
wefcl;vjynfhausmf 9-&uf (20 -4-79) aeY eHeuft½kPq f rG ;f bkO;f ay;awmfrNl yD;aemuf tar&duef ta½SYyikd ;f
0g½Sifwef 'D -pD (Washington D.C. ) ûrdYawmfodkY 8 -em&D 45 -rdepfwGif xGufcGmawmfrl&m nae 4 -em&D rdepf 30 -
tcsdef (0g½Siwf efpaH wmfcsde)f wGif qdu
k af &mufawmfral vonf? 0g½Siw f efûrdYjyif 'gvfvpJ f (Dullad) avqdyüf
r[mpnfa,m*Da[mif; OD;cspfûrdiçf OD;aqGwifç OD;xGe;f a 0ç a':jrpdeçf jrefrmoH½;kH yxrtwGi;f 0ef a'gufwm wifv h iG f
ESihf tjcm;jrefrm trsdK;om; trsdK;orD;rsm;pGmwdYk êudqMkd uonfjh yif 0g½Siw f ef Ak'b¨ momtoif;Ouú| t½Siaf 'gufwm
y@dw'f pf av0vynmeE´ r[max&fEiS hf 0g½Siw f efA'k 0¨ [
d m&rS ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;ç jrefrmoH½;kH trIxrf ;rsm;ESihf
Ak'b
¨ mom0if tar&duef jrefrmrdom;pkrsm;wdYk vdu I v
f 0JS rf;ompGm êudqMkd uavonf/
0g½Siwf eftmumo,me-wdwrå dS taeau Zem?

ypöK*¾reH tuHoçk r[mpnfax&yk*0F /H
BudKwiftpDtpOfjyKvkyfcJhMu
r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf a,m*Da[mif; OD;cspûf rdif trª;ûyonfh jrefrmwdYk onf 0g½Siw f ef Ak'0¨ [
d m&
(Washington Buddhist ) ü aeYpOf 0dyóemtvkyaf y; tm;xkwaf &;ESihf tzGYJ 0ifrsm;tm; w&m;"r®a[mMum;a&;
twGuf q&mawmfra&mufrD 2-vausmfuyif tpDt pOfa&;qGûJ yvkyx f m;½Scd MhJ uuke\
f ? pDpOfonft
h wdik ;f a½S;OD;pGm
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; a&muf½v
dS monfth wGuf vGepf mG 0rf;ajrmufMuukef \/
u#dpö ax&orÜwçHå {uEÅH tEkarm'do?kH

0g½Siw
f efoyk ak &Zemç aom*wm Ak'r¨ mrum/
ESpfzGJYcGJí wnf;cdkawmfrlMujcif;
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ESit hf zGYJ onf 0g½Siw

f efü 2-zGYJ cí
JG wnf;cdak wmfrMl uonf? wcsdKYu oD[Vkd af usmif;
(Buddhist Vihara of Washington ) ESihf wcsKd Yu *syefausmif; (Japan Buddhist Temple ) ü wnf;cdMk uav
onf? oD[Vkd (f oD&v
d uFm) bke;f BuD;ausmif;rsm;rSm Edik if aH wmfawmfrsm;rsm;wGi½f adS vonf? oD[Vkd 'f umrsm;ESihf &[ef;
awmfrsm;\ ZGo J wåu
d m; cs;D usL;twk,pl &mjzpfonf? ,d;k ',m;(xdik ;f )ç vmtd(k avm)ç uarÁm'D;,m;(urfy;l csm;)
ausmif;rsm;vnf; urÇmtESYt H jym; ½So d nf[k od&onf? r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;ESihf tzGYJ 0ifrsm;onf rdrw d Ykd wnf;cdk
oDwif;oH;k &m ausmif;rsm;ü csr;f ompGm oDwif;oH;k awmfrcl MhJ uavonf/
0odwedauwaeokç ax&m xd&,kwm,wd?

okace ta&ma*ae0ç oudpHö tEk,Ok o
dÆ /kH
tar&dueftoHvTifhXmerS tBudrfBudrf toHvTifhaMujimay;jcif;
tar&duefjynfaxmifpok Ykd aus;Zl;½Sif r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD; omoemûytzGYJ vSnv hf nf <ujref;awmf

rlonfh owif; tpHt k vifukd tar&dueftoHviT f Xh me (V.O.A. ) rS tBudrBf udrf owif;vTihf aMujimay;cJah vonf?
¤if;jyif owif;pmrsm;üvnf; azmfjya&;om;Muonf? q&mawmf bk&m;BuD; \ bke;f awmfç uHawmfç bk&m;jrwfpmG
omoemwefc;kd awmfum; BuD;rm;vSygayonf/
0kwEå XÅ meawmpmydç tar&duefy½k wk aå r?

ax&0kwEå HÅ udawåEçdÅ A[leH Zmeem,a0/
w&m;OD;owdy|mef
r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf 1341 -ckESpf wefcl;vjynfhausmf 9 -&uf (20 -4-79) aeYwiG f qif;&J'u k ©
t00wdYk rS vGwaf jrmuf&mrSef owdy| mefonf ajzmifw h ef;ppfreS o
f nfh wckwnf;aomvrf;jzpfaMumif; þowdy|mef
vrf;pOfjzifh rD;wq,fwh wefNidr;f &mrSeof nfh edAmÁ ef0ifcMhJ uolawGrmS *Pef;rjyEdik af tmif rsm;vSNyD; aemufvnf;
þowdy|mef vrf;pOfjzifyh if toacst F eEÅrsm;vSpmG aom a0ae,swYkd edAmÁ ef0ifMurnf? oHo&mrS ul;ajrmufMurnf?
odYk jzpfí oif'umç 'umrwdYk rqkwrf epf tm;xkwMf uukeaf vmh ponfjzifh &J&ifph mG tpcsí D owdy|mefw&m;awmfukd
a'aowGm owdy|me-okwEå HÅ ,wdaoca&m?

avmudumeH [dww¬m,ç tEk*[ ¾ d ok"w
d rd m/
w&m;a[mç w&m;tm;xkwfapjcif;
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf 7-&ufwikd w f ikd f 0g½Siw

f efü oDwif;oH;k awmfrrl nfjzpf&m 0g½Siw
f efA'k 0¨ [
d m&ü
wefc;l vjynfah usmf 10 -&uf (21 -4-79) aeYrpS í a&muf½v dS mMuaom tar&duefç ,d'k ,m;(xdik ;f )ç jrefrmpaom
vlrsKd ;aygif;pHak ,m*Drsm;udk o&P*Ho
k v
D wdYk ü wnfapNyD; w&m;jyawmfro l nf? ¤if;aemuf w&m;xdik af pawmfro l nf?
tzGYJ 0ifq&mawmfrsm;uvnf; w&m;ppfjcif; ponfwYkdukd ûyawmfro l nf? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;um; vGepf mG tyifyef;cH
awmfrí l 'umç 'umrwdYk w&m;"r®ouf0ifwa&;ud k êud;yrf;awmfrcl ahJ vonf/
r[mpnfax&aoa|m [dç r[my&uúarm 0d'gG ?

ZemeH ok[w
d w¬m,ç tEk,OÆd okA'k rd¨ m/
aemufwaeYjzpfaom (22 -4-79) aeYwiG v f nf; owdy|mefw&m;awmfuykd if t*Fvyd çf jrefrm 2 -bmomjzifh

ud,
k wf ikd f qufvufa[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? owdy|mefonf edAmÁ ef0if&ef wckwnf;aom vrf;jzpfaMumif;ç
t*Fvyd b f momtm;jzifh (The Only Way ) omjzpfaMumif;ç owå0gawGrmS pdwt f npftaMu;awGEiS hf udavomawG
pifMu,fatmif usizhf Ykdvt
kd yfaMumif; ponfjzifh xyf rHa[mMum;awmfrNl yD; pepfwus w&m;jyç w&m;xdik af pawmfrcl hJ
avonf/
"r®arCH 0ómayodç tar&duef yk½wk aå r?

0g½Siw
f ef t*¾e*a&ç ac&xda&ok oP²ad wm/
OD;pD;odrforkwfawmfrljcif;
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf 0g½Siw f efûrdY Ak'0¨ [

d m&ü Oykoyf 0g&Pmpaom uHMuD; uHi,f vG,u f pl mG aqmif
½GuEf ikd &f eftvdYk imS tdE,
d́ ç oD[Vkd çf (oD&vd uFm)ç ,d;k ',m; (xdik ;f )ç uarÁm'D;,m; (urfy;l csm;)ç jrefrm 5-Edik if rH S
ax&0g'q&mawmf oHCmawmf 13-yg;wdYk EiS w hf uG OD;pD;OD;udik ûf yí c@odru f kd orkwaf wmfrcl ahJ vonf/
Oaygoxm'dur®wçH¬ ZdemPm, okA'k rd¨ m?

tAEd̈ c@oDrrÜçd oDrmuar® okaum0da'g/
&[ef;cH½SifjyKay;jcif;
xkad eY aeYv,fyikd ;f wGif azmfjyygodro f pfü 'k v’b&[ef;wyg;udk OyZÑm,fûyí &[ef;cHay;awmfrcl ahJ vonf?
omraP 4-yg;udk omoemhabmifoYkd oGwo f iG ;f csD;jr§iahf wmfrcl ahJ vonf? &[ef;cH½iS ûf ytcrf;tem;wGif y&dowf
aygif; 200 -ausmcf efY vma&mufMunfñMkd uonf? q&mawmf \ êud;yrf;rIaMumifh tar&duefjynfaxmifpk 0g½Siw f efûrdY
awmfü ESpaf ygif;&maxmifEiS chf sDí rêuHEikd o
f nfh omoemhyBJG uD;ESihf êuHMu&avonf/
omoer[kóa0gwdç 0g½Siw
f efoyk ak & b0d?
ax&ó r[kóma[eç 'kva’ bm orÇKawm [da0/
udk,fwdkifa[majymç wynfhrsm;udkvnf;a[majymapjcif;
(23-4-79? 24 -4-79) aeYrsm;wGif q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf ud, k w

f ikd v
f nf; w&m;a[mç w&m;jyawmfrl
onfjh yif wynfrh sm;jzpfMuaom t½Sio
f v
D meE´ç t½SiZf euç t½Siaf uvmoç t½Sit f *¾"r® wdYk uv
kd nf; w&m;jyç
w&m;ppf apawmfrcl ahJ vonf? q&mawmfonf ud, k w f ikd f q&maumif; q&mjrwfjzpfí wynhaf umif; wynfjh rwfwYkd
jzifh wifw
h ,fawmfrcl ahJ vonf/
o,aOö0 okoma&m0ç oma&[d y&d0g&dawm?

[kwmG okaombdawm 0dñçk 0dñal em omoerÁa&/
auseyftm;&aMumif;rdefYMum;jcif;
0g½Siw
f efü aus;Zl;½Sirf [mpnf q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ESihf oHCmawmfrsm; oDwif;oH;k aepOftwGi;f aeYpOf
aeYwikd ;f qGr;f cJz,
G af bmZOf qufuyfv'ª gef;olrsm; aygrsm;vSonf? jrefrmoHtrwfBuD; OD;vSa½TEiS Zhf eD; wdYk uvnf;
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; oDwif;oH;k &m 0d[ m&odYk omG ;a&mufí qGr;f abmZOfqufuyfv'ª gef;Muonf/ (ADG -tdk-at)
tar&dueftoHviT Xhf me jrefrmAk'b ¨ mom0ifrsm;ESihf tBuD;trª;wdYk onfvnf; q&mawmfb&k m;xH vma&mufí
zl;ajrmfuefawmhMuum odvakd omtcsurf sm;udak r;Muonf? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;uvnf; rqdik ;f rwG ajzMum;awmfrcl hJ
avonf? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u jyóemt&yf&yfajzMum;NyD; rdro d nftar&duefra&mufru D Ak'b
¨ momw&m;awmf
jyefYymG ;rIenf;ao;onf[k xifrad omfvnf; ,cka&mufNyD;aemuf Ak'¨ \ arwåmw&m;awmfEiS hf 0dyóem w&m;awmfukd
av;av;eufeuf vdu k ef musiohf ;kH aejcif;udk xifwmxufyí kd awGYjrif&ojzifh auseyftm;&aMumif; rdeYf Mum;awmfrl
avonf? ¤if;aemuf (ADG -tdk-at) tar&dueftoHviT Xhf me jrefrmAk'b ¨ mom0ifrsm;ESihf tBuD;trª;wdYk u q&mawmf
bk&m; ... q&mawmfonf tar&duefy&dowftay:wGif rnfoYdk ,q l aMumif; ar;jref;avQmufxm;av&m tar&duef
a,m*D y&dowftaeESihf tdjk cif ;ç emjcif;ç aojcif;uif;aprnfh owdy|mef w&m;av;yg;udk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwv f Qif
tusdK;rsm;vdrrhf nf[k arQmfvif, h q l aMumif; rdeYf Mum;awmfral vonf/
owdy|mebm0em,ç ao|wåH ax&ukOaÆ &m?

0g½Siw
f efyak & ZemeHç yumo,d ok"w
D rd m/
uarÁm'D;,m;ausmif;ü y&dwf½Gwfw&m;a[mjcif;
1341-ckEpS f wefc;l vuG,f (25 -4-79) aeYwiG f r[mpnfq&mawmf bk&m;BuD;ESit hf zGYJ onf uarÁm'D;,m;
ausmif; (Combodian Buddhist Temple ) rS yifo h jzifh rGe;f vGcJ sed w
f iG f <ua&muf í y&dowftm; o&P*Hk
oDvwdYk ü wnfapNyD;vQif y&dw½f wG zf wfcs;D ajr§mufí q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u w&m;a'oemcs;D jr§ihf a[mMum;awmfrcl hJ
avonf/
uarÁm'D;,m; 0d[ma&ydç r[mpnf,wdy*k aF 0g?

"r®araCe awmaowdç orÜawå A[kau Zae/
tmumojywdkufponf vSnfhvnfMunfh½Ijcif;
uqkevf qef; 1-&uf (26 -4-79) aeYwiG f r[mpnf a,m*Da[mif;wOD;jzpfol OD;cspûf rdirf o d m;pkwYkdu
yifah vQmufojzifh ¤if; \aetdro
f Ykd <ua&mufí "r®a&pifjzifh csD;ajr§mufawmfrcl ahJ vonf? 0g½Siwf ef½dS pOf q&mawmf
bk&m;BuD;onf a'oEÅ&A[kow k tjzpf vurÇmc&D;pOf aqmif½u G af om tmumojywdu k t f p½So
d nfh xif½mS ;ausmfapm
aom taqmufttHrk sm;udk avhvmMunf½h aI wmfrcl ahJ vonf/
tmumo'óem*g&-ybkwd rE´&d m'a,m?

Moavmu,d ,wdaoa|mç r[mpnf u0dauo&D/
rufqmcsL;qufjynfe,f bm&Dur®|mef;Xme 14-&ufpcef;
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf 0g½Siw f efü oDwif;oH;k NyD;aemuf rufqmcsL;qufjynfe,f bm&Dur®|mef;Xmeü

14-&ufpcef;zGihf w&m;jy w&m;a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? odYk EiS hf q&mawm b
f &k m;BuD;ESit hf zGYJ onf 1341 -ckEpS f
uqkev f qef; 2-&uf (23 -4-79) aeY eHeuf 9-em&DcefYwiG f ae½Sief ,favqdyo f Ykd <uawmfrí l rufqmcsL;quf
jynfe,f abmhpw f eG f (Boston) odYk eHeuf 11 -em&D 15 -rdepftcsed w f iG f av,mOfjzifh xGucf mG awmfrcl ahJ vonf?
abmhpw f eG o
f Ykd 1-em&D rdepf 30 -wGif qduk af &mufav&m ppöwm*d;k vfpwde;f trª;ûyonfh bm&D0yd óem ur®|mef;Xme
rS tzGYJ om;rsm;u um;BuD; um;i,ftoG,o f ,G f jzifh êudqckd MhJ uavonf? xdYk aemuf abmhpw f eG rf w S qifh bm&D
(Barre) ûrdYoYkd c&D;qufawmfrcl ahJ vonf/
pdwf"mwfMunfaysmf arGYavsmfzG,faumif;onfh
bm&Dur®|mef;Xem
bm&D ur®|mef;XmerSm tar&duefjynf ta½SYyikd ;f a'o½Sd rufqmcsL;quf (Massachusett) jynfe,f

tv,fyikd ;f wGif wnf½adS vonf? abmfpw f eG ûf rdY taemuf,eG ;f ,Ge;f qDoYkd armfawmf,mOfc&D; jzifh wem&DcMJG umrQ oGm;
av&m bm&DûrdYoYkda&mufavonf? xdûk rdYrmS (Insight Meditation Society ) ac: 0dyóemur®|mef;&dyo f m tzGYJ wnf
&m a'ojzpfavonf? ,if;0dyóem ur®|mef;Xmeudk 1975 -ckEpS u f zGYJ pnf;wnfaxmifcNhJ yD; ax&0g' Ak'b ¨ mom
0dyóemw&m; yGm;rsm;tm ;xkwv f o
kd rl sm;twGuf tjrwftpGe;f r,lyJ omoemûyvkyif ef; oufoufuo kd mOD;wnfí
aqmif½u G v f suf½adS yonf? tar&duef jynfaxmifpk w0ef;vH;k ç t*Fvefç *smreDEiS hf ta½SYtm½Srv S maom 0dyóem
w&m; enf;jyq&mrsm;u tcaMu;aiG awmif;cHjcif;r½Syd J apwemxm;í ulnMD uavonf? ,if;&dyo f mr mS t&dyaf &
ESijhf ynfph o
kH jzifh at;csr;f om,m aom {u 80 -½Sd ,majray:ü wnfaqmufxm;avonf? yHrk eS t f m;jzifh 10 -&ufrS
&ufowå 2-ywfMum w&m;xdik rf nfah ,m*D 110 -twGuf ae&mtvHt k avmuf ½Sad vonf? &dyo f mü w&m;tm;
xkwpf OftwGi;f a,m*Drsm;onf ig;yg;oDv apmifx h ed ;f vsuf w&m;ES vH;k oGi;f Muojzifh vGepf mG odyo f nf; wnfNidrMf u
avonf? oufowfvw G pf m;oH;k Muonf/
bm&Dur®|meXmeHç ½kp&d H okraem[&H?

0dwEd¬ Hé 'uqm,m[dç orÜEHé okcoDwvH/
tppt&m&muHkvHkjynfh0jcif;
bm&Dur®|mef;Xmeü taqmufttHrk sm;vnf; jrm;ajrmufpmG ½SNd yD; rm;rm;pGiphf iG hf wifw h ,fvyS usufoa&½Sv d S
onf? taumif;qH;k twifw h ,fq;kH taqmufttHw k ckukd q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; oDwif;oH;k &ef xm;½Sad vonf?
r[mpnf q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ESit hf zGYJ bm&Da&mufcsed rf mS qnf;qma&miforf ; naecsr;f jzpfav&m awm&dyaf wmf&yd f
wdYk jzifh obm0qdwNf idrrf u
I kd ay;aqmifprG ;f ½Sad yonf? opfyifyef;ref a&uefrsdK;pHw
k Ykd jzifh jc,fxm;ouJo h Ykd ½NdS yD;vQif
awmifypl mrsm;jzifh 0ef;&Hvsuf½S o d nft h wGuf om,mMunfE;l zG,&f mvnf;jzpf \? vrf;yef;qufo, G af &;vnf; aumif;
ojzifh auseyfp&mjzpfonf? pifppfwrlum; tppt&m&m jynfph o kH nfXh mejzpfavonf/
bm&Dur®|meXmeHç tEkeH oky&dy&l ?H

oAÁmuma&e orÜEçHé aewå',G &om,eH/
ar;cGef;rsm;ajzMum;jcif;
uqekv
f qef; 3-&uf (28 -4-79) aeYwiG f bm&Dur®|mef;&dyo
f m tzGYJ 0ifrsm;onf q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;ESihf
tzGYJ 0ifoC
H mawmfrsm;tm; vma&mufuefawmh zl;ajrmfMuonf? odvokd nft
h csurf sm;udv k nf; q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;
tm; ar;avQmufMuonf? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf ar;orQukd ajzqdak wmfrcl ahJ v onf? tzGYJ 0ifvBl uD;rsm; rsm;pGm0rf;
ajrmufMuonf/
bm&D0u
S r®|medu-omrmZdum A[kZeÆ m?
ax&ó Owå&H okwmG ç tbdeE´KH yarm'dwm/
½Spfjzmr*¾ifedAÁmef0if w&m;awmf a[mMum;jcif;
uqkev f qef; 4-&uf (29 -4-79) aeYwiG f bm&Dur®|mef;XmewGif q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ESihf tzGYJ wYkdonf
bk&m;0wfwufjcif; ûyawmfrMl uonf? bm&D&yd o f mtzGYJ 0ifrsm;u ½kyjf rifoMH um; "mwfy½kH u
kd u
f ;l Muonf? rGe;f vGJ 3 -
em&DcefYtcsed w
f iG f q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u a,m*Dy&dowf 100 -ausmfwdkYtm; ½S pfjzmr*¾if edAmÁ ef0ifw&m;awmfukd
a[mMum;awmfro l nf? xdyk &dowfxw
J iG f &dyo
f mjyifyrS w&m;em&ef vma&mufonfh tar&duef wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;
vnf; yg½SdMuavonf/
½Spjf zmr*¾ief Ad mÁ ef0ifwçd ornH "r®a'oeH?

a'o,Da'oem"r®-ukoavm ,wdy*k aF 0g/
tar&duef 4-OD;ESifh tDwvD 1-OD;tm; Mo0g'ay;jcif;
uqkefvqef; 5-&uf (30 -4-79) aeYwiG f eHeuf 10 -em&DrS 11 -em&D 15-rdepftxd w&m;tm;xkwo f rl sm;
xJwGifyg0ifonfh 0g&ifhtar&dueftrsdK;om; 4 -OD;wdYk EiS hf tDwvDtrsdK; om;wOD;ç aygif; 5 -OD;wdYk onf rdrwd Ykd awGYxm;
onfw h &m;rsm;udk avQmufxm;Mu&m q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u ¤if;wdYk tm;qufvufí w&m;tm;xkwf enf;eme,
Mo0g'udk rdeYf Mum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? ,if;odYk qufumqufum w&m;a&at; wdu k af uR;awmfr,l if;jzifyh if wae0if
wrd;k aomuf arvodYk ul;ajymif;a&muf½cdS ahJ vonf/
tar&duef tDwvDZmwd -rEkómeH okrmeaom?

Mo0g'H aom [d t'godç uvsmPH om"k0PÖw
d /H
bm&D&dyfomtzGJY Ouú|tm; csD;ajr§mufjcif;
uqkev f qef; 6-&uf (1 -5-79) aeYw iG f bm&DûrdY 0dyóemur®|mef; &dyo f mtzGYJ (Insight Mditation
Society) \ Ouú| rpöwmpwDAifqGmypf ( Mr. Steven Schwarp ) \ aetdrü f q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;ESihf tzGYJ 0if
oHCmawmfrsm;onf aeYqrG ;f bkO;f ay;awmfrMl uonf? q&mawmfBuD;ESio hf C
H mawmfrsm; y&dw ½f w G zf wfí q&mawmfBuD;
ud,
k w
f ikd f qGr;f tEkarm'emw&m; a[mMum;awmfro l nf? tqdyk g Ouú| \tdrrf S &dyo f mtzGYJ ½;kH um;jzifh 1-em&DccJG efY
oGm;&onf? a0;uGmaom awmvrf;pcef;udk jzwfíoGm;&onf[k od&onf? tjyefwiG f rufqmcsL;quf \ emrnf
ausmf wuúov kd &f yd o
f m½S&d m c&D;vrf;rS jyef<uawmfrcl ahJ vonf/
Ouú|Oygouóç tEk*[ ¾ D ok"w

D rd m?
0d'gG y@dwukOaÆ &mç r[mpnf ax&yk*aF 0g/
ur®|mef;tm;xkwf&jcif;\ taMumif;&if;udk
tusOf;a[mawmfrljcif;
uqkev f qef; 7-&uf (2 -5-79) aeYwiG f a,m*Dy*k Kd¾ vf 100 -ausmf tm; nae 3 -em&DrS 4-em&D rdepf 30 -
txd bk&m;tavmif;awmf od'w ¨ r¬ if;om; awmxGuaf wmfrí l w&m;tm;xkwyf çkH ÓPftqifq h ifh &½Sí
d w&m;xl;awGY
yHk tusO;f csKyfukd a[mMum;awmfrNl yD; xdek nf;twdik ;f rqkwrf epftm;xkwMf u&efuv kd nf ; nTeMf um;awmfrcl ahJ vonf?
n 8-em&Dtcsed w f iG f ur®|mef;tm;xkw&f jcif; \ taMumif; twdck sKyfuv kd nf; a,m*Drsm;tm; a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ v
onf? þaeY&ufrSpí 14-&ufpcef;udk pcef;zGiv hf pS af wmfrcl ahJ vonf/
ur®|metEka,m*-um&PrÜd ok"wD rd m?
"dw,
d m tEkaem axa&mç ormpdwå okaum0da'g/
tajccHw&m; a[mMum;awmfrljcif;
14-&ufpcef; zGiv hf pS af wmfrNl yD;aemuf aus;Zl;½Sif r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf Ak'o

¨ moem,HMk unfol
wdYk odYk r[kwf w&m;tm;xkwo f w l Ykd \ tajccHus if0h wfw&m;rsm;udk a[mMum;awmfrol nf? ig;yg;oDvç ½Spyf g;oDv
vHûk cHpmG apmifx
h ed ;f &ef &wemoH;k yg;*kPf tusOf;csKyfymG ;rsm;enf;ç arwåmbm0em tusOf;yGm;rsm;enf; ponfwYkd ukd
a[mMum;awmfrNl yD; owdy|mefw&m;awmf tusO;f csKyfwYkdukd a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf/
rlvu
d Aka'¨ "ar® aomç r[mpnfu0daoca&m?
a,m*DeH ok[w d w¬m,ç a'o,D ,wdy*k aF 0g/
tEkarm'emw&m;a[mç jyóemajz
uqkefvqef; 8-&uf (3 -5-79) aeYwiG f q&mawmf t½SiZf eum bd0o H ESihf t½Sit f *¾"r®wYkd u a,m *Drsm;
tm; w&m;ppfawmfrMl uonf? bm&Dur®|mef;q&mrsm; jzpfMuaom *sKd ;Zuf*;kd vfpwde;f ç *suu
f eG zf ;D vf('f)ç *suu
f vif
ESihf ½Sm½Gew
f Ykdonfvnf; ulnw
D &m;ppfMuonf? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf tEkarm'emw&m;a[mjcif;ç ar;vmorQ
aom jyóemt&yf&yfukd ajzqdjk cif;udk ûyawmfrcl ahJ vonf/
ok"r®yPÖmuma&ç arma'aEÅm A[kauZae?

0dóaZÆaEÅmyd yaO§pç uwåaAÁ tu&D [d a0/
bm&D&dyfomteD; bk&if*sDausmif;<ujcif;
uqkev f qef; 9-&uf (4 -5-79) aeYwiG f vGecf o hJ nfah eYrsm;enf; wl w&m;ppfjcif;udk ûyawmfrMl uonf?
rGe;f vGJ 2-em&D rdepf 30 -wGif q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ESit hf zGYJ onf bm&D&yd o f mteD;½Sd bk&if*sDausmif ( Chalic Abbay )
bke;f awmfBuD;rsm;\ zdwMf um;csut f & <ua&mufawmfrí l Ak'o ¨ moemtaMumif; ponfwYkdukd rdeYf Mum;awmfrcl ahJ v
onf? tqdyk g bk&if*sD*P kd ;f rSm vGepf mG pnfurf;BuD;NyD; oufowfvw G f tpm;tpmrsm;udk pm;oH;k onf[o k &d onf?
,if;*dPk ;f 0ifrsm;onf tjyifyodYk vnf; tcsn;f ES;D oGm;a&mufjcif;rûyMu[k od&onf? aeYpOf 4-Budrrf Q bk&m;½Scd ;kd
jcif;ç tm;vyfcsed w f iG f w&m;xdik jf cif;rsm;udk ûyMuonf[ l\? bk&if*sDenf;ç psifenf;ç a,m*ac: [dEL´ enf;çowdenf;
ponfwYkd wiG f tvd½k &dS mxdik Ef ikd Mf uonf[k od&avonf? xdak usmif;rS (Father Theosoplyane )yifvQif bm&D
0dyóemur®|mef;Xmeü 3-v wqufwnf; tm;xkwcf o hJ nf[l \? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf ¤if;bk&if*sb D ek ;f awmf
BuD;rsm; Ak'o¨ moemawmftaMumif; wvH;k oGi;f ç ESv;kH oGi;f ponfjzifh ¤if;wdYk tm; iJñ h mS oem;a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ v
onf? bk&m;jrwfpmG omoemawmfü ,HMk unfojl zpf&jcif;onf tvGev f Qif rGejf rwfvyS gayonf/
omoaee 0d½'k g¨ eHç 0doH [vm[vH ,xm?

tmoD0ad om 'd|0daomç {0H psmaywd wH e&H/ 1
oDv½SifjyKay;jcif;ç omraP0wfay;jcif;ç
jyóemajzjcif;
uqkev f qef; 10 -&uf (5 -5-79) aeYwiG f t½SiZf eumbd0o H ESihf t½Sit

f *¾"r®wYkd u tcgwdik ;f aeYrsm;
enf;wl w&m;ppf Muonf? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf tar&duef trsKd ;orD; 2-OD;tm; o&P*Ho k v D ay;í oDv½Sif
0wfay;awmfrol nf? ¤if;jyif naeydik ;f wGif yifq,faA;eD;,m; ( Pansylvania) ûrdYae OD;0if;vdiI f \om; armifaX;vdiI f
tm; omraP 0wfay;awmfro l nf? odví kd ar;avQmuftyfaom Ak'b ¨ momq ikd &f m ar;cGe;f rsm;udk ajzqdak wmfrol nf?
t½Sio
f vD meEÉiS hf t½Siaf &0w"r®wYkd u pum;jyeftjzpf aqmif½u
G Mf uonf/
aeauoH "r®'gaeeç y*¾[d y*¾a[ 0d'?l

oAÁñZk ed puúóç 0k',
d̈ m 0dyv
k m, acg/
aq;ppftem;,l
uqkev f qef; 11 -&uf (6 -5-79) aeYwiG f t½SiZf eumbd0o H ç t½Sit

f *¾"r®wYkd u a,m*Drsm;tm; w&m;
ppfawmfrMl uonf? q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;onfum; abmhpwGeûf rdY rufqmcsL;quf wuúov kd af q;ukXme (Medical
Centre) odYk <uawmfrí
l use;f rma&; ppfaq;rIûyawmfr í
l bm&DoYkd jyef<u tem;,lawmfrcl ahJ vonf/
0dpma&wGme aom uma,ç a&m*g0gao uaV0a&?

um,ó ta&m*w¬m,ç 0dóreH u&D [d a0/
owdy|mefw&m;a[mç jyóemajz
uqkev f qef; 12 -&uf (7 -5-79) aeYwG if bm&Dur®|mef;Xmeü t½SiZf eumbd0o H ESihf t½Sit
f *¾"r®wYkd
,cifaeYrsm;enf;wl a,m*Drsm; w&m;ppfMuonf t½Sio
f v
D meE´mbd0oH u 2 -em&DrS 3-em&Dtxd w&m; a[mawmfrl
onf? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u owdy|mefw&m;a[mjcif;ç tar;ykpmä jyóemrsm;udk ajzqdjk cif; ûyawmfro l nf/
owdy|meH a'aoodç tEka,m*H 0dóZÆ,?d

r[mpnfu0dauoa&mç avmu*¾omoeEä&m/
owdy|mefw&m;awmf tNyD;owfa[mjcif;
uqkev f qef; 13 -&uf (8 -5-79) aeYwiG f t½SiZf eumbd0oH ESihf t½Sit

f *¾"r®wYkd w&m;ppfMuo nf?
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf owdy|mefw&m;udk tNyD;owfa[mMum;awmfro l nf? w&m;emol a,m*Dtaygif;wdYk onf
0rf;ajrmufEpS o
f uf ½Tit
f m;wufum vufcoH rd ;f ydu
k Mf uukef \/
ax&aoa|e a'odwçH a'odwH "r®rw k rå ?H

om"a0g tEkarm'dwmG ç orÜ#pd ðä ok od&om/
abmhpwGefNrdKY urÇmYbmompHkoifMum;&mXmeü
w&m;a[m
uqkev f qef; 14 -&uf (9 -5-79) aeYwiG f abmhpwGeûf rdY rdik u

f ,fuvD;rifph f (Michael Clement ) \
yifzh w
d cf suft& <ua&mufawmfrí l taz sm,
f rumrsm; bkO;f ay;awmfryl gonf? n 7-em&D tcsed w f iG f urÇmYbmom
aygif;pHk oifMum;ay;a&;Xme (Commom Hall of Harvard Centre for the state of world Religions ) ü 45 -
rdepfcefY w&m;a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? ,if;w&m;yGüJ [m;Awfwuúov kd f ygarmu© a'gufwm'rfba &mif;u
OD;pGmylaZmfrwd q
f uf pum;ajymMum;cJah vonf? acwf ynmwwftvTmrS yk*Kd¾ vfrsm;pGmwdYk w&m;em,lMuonf/
orÜKPÖ0Zd XÆ maeydç orÜKaPÖm tEkaem 0d'gG ?

"r®H aom ux,D axa&mç oZemeH ok[w d m,0g/
[m;Awfwuúodkvfü owdy|mefw&m;a[mjcif;
¤if;jyif [m;Awfwuúov kd üf vnf; owdy|mefw&m;awmfukd 45 -rdepfMumrQ a[mMum;awmfrcl hJ avonf?

q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u jrefrmvdak [majymí t½SiZf eumbd0o H u t*Fvyd b
f mom jyefcahJ vonf? q&mawmfb&k m;
pdwfygvufygtm;&yg;& u½kPma½SYx m; a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? emMum;Muaom urÇmYacwfynm½Sif rsm;pGmwdYk
onfvnf; pdwyf g0ifpm;pGmem,lMuonf? q&mawmfa[majymcsufwYkd ukd 0g½Siw
f ef tar&dueftoHviT Xhf merS tquf
rjywf êud;pm;&,l toHviT ahf y;awmfrcl ahJ vonf/
[m;Awf00S Zd mÆ va,ydç ,wdaoa|m ok"w

D rd m?
"r®H aom a'o,dwmG eç awmo,d orÜawå Zae/
uqkefvjynfhAk'äeY w&m;a[mMuç OykofjyKMu
uqkev f jynfh xl;jrwfonfh (10 -5-79) aeYwiG f a,m*Drsm;tm; ½Spyf g;oDvay;awmfrNl yD; tzGUJ 0if
oHCmawmfrsm;ESit hf wl taeuZmwifjcif;udk ûyawmfrcl ahJ vonf? eHeuf 9-em&Dtcsed w
f iG f q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;
trª;½Sad om oHCmawmftm;vH;k wdYk tzGUJ ½H;k a½SU vrf;rwavQmuf qGr;f cHawmfrMl uonf? a,m*Dtm;vH;k wdYk qGr;f opfo;D
&ompHçk rkeYf y&J ompHk oHCmh'geavmif;vªMufonf? a,m*DwYkdonf tjrwf qH;k oHCu d 'geudk ûyMu&avonf/
t*¾[
d w
k rå ck g ,nmç om0dwdå qEáom rkc?H
&mZm rkcH rEkómeHç e'DeH om*a&m rkc/H
eu©wmå eH rkcH paE´mç tm'dapöm wywH rkc?H

yknH tmucFrmemeHç oHaCm a0 ,ZwH rkc/H 2
auPd,-auPd,&aoh? ,nm -,Zfyal Zmfjcif;wdYk onf? t*¾[ d w

k rå ck g -rD;ylaZmfjcif;vQif tOD;y"me½Su
d ek f \?
om0dw-då om0wå*d gxmonf? qEáom -a0'usr;f \? rkcH -tOD;tpy"mewnf;? &mZm -rif;onf? rEkómeH -vlwYkd \?
rkc-H tjrwfy"mewnf;? om*a&m -ork'&´ monf? e'DeH -jrpfwYkd\? rkcH -tOD;y"metjrwfwnf;? paE´m -vrif;onf?
eu©wmå eH-eu©ww f Ykd \? rkcH -tOD;y"metjrwfwnf;? oHaCm -½Spyf g; t&d,moHCmawmfonf? yknH -aumif;rIu?kd
tmucFrmemeH-tvd½k MdS uukeaf om? ,ZwH -ylaZmfv'ª gef;olwYkd \? rkcH -aumif;rIjzpfaMumif; tjrwfq;kH taumif;qH;k
wnf;/
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf xdak eY n 7-em&Dtcsed w f iG f csr;f oma&;w&m;awmf (The Way to Happiness )

udk a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; w&m;a[mawmfrNl yD; oHCmawmftm;vH;k xdwk &m;a[m&m "r®½ükH
yif Oykoûf yawmfrMl uonf? tar&duefajr yxAsmü Ak'a¨ 'oemawmfrsm; pdr0hf ifavNyDwum;/
csrf;oma&;w&m; qufvufa[mjcif;
uqkev
f jynfah usmf 11 -&uf (11 -5-79) aeYwiG f t½SiZf eumbd0o H ESihf t½Sit
f *¾"r®wYkd u a,m*Drsm;tm;
w&m;ppfMuonf? a,m*Drsm;u q&mawmfb&k m ;BuD;tm; odvo kd nft h csuf avQmufxm;Muonf? q&mawmf
bk&m;BuD;u wm0efayghpmG ajzMum;awmfrol nf? nOfOh ;D ,HwiG f Nidr;f csr;f a&;w&m;awmfukd qufvufa[mMum;awmf
rlcahJ vonf/
oEÅo
d ck ok"r®rçdÜ "ar®m "ar® okaum0da'g?
r[mpnfax&yk*aF 0gç a,m*DeH ux,D [d acg/
'ge½Sifrsm;tm; tEkarm'emw&m;a[mjcif;ç
y&dwf½Gwfjcif;
uqkev f jynfah usmf 3-&uf (12 -5-79) aeYwiG f bm&D0yd óem ur®|mef;tzGYJ 0ifrsm;ESihf a,m*DwYkdonf
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ESihf tzGYJ 0ifq& mawmfrsm;ç uyÜ, d rsm;udk w&m;xdik o
f nfh cef;raqmifoYkd yifzh w
d í
f vªz,
G 0f w¬K
rsdK;pHw
k Ykd jzifh vª'gef;ylaZmfMuonf? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u tEkarm'emw&m;awmfukd ygVdbmomjzifh wdik af y;ítrQay;
a0awmfro l nf? ¤if;aemuf oHCmawmftm;vH;k y&dw½f w G zf wfMuonf? nydik ;f wGif Ak'o
¨ moemw&m;awmfukd a[m
Mum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf/
bm&D0yd óemXme-ZemeH Zeyk*Fa0g?

tEkarm'eH aomumodç y&dwHå omoaem*rH/
r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;xH Mo0g'cH,lMujcif;
uqkev f jynfah usmf 3-&ufç 4-&ufaeYrsm;wGif tjcm;aeYrsm;enf;wl t½SiZf eumbd0o H ç t½Sitf *¾"r®wYkd
w&m;ppfMuonf? ¤if;aemuf t½SiZf eumbd0o H u ÓPfpOfw&m; a[mMum;onf? r[mpnfomoemûytzGYJ tjyef
wGif &efuek of Ykd vukd yf gí &[ef;tjzpf cH,v l o kd rl sm;vnf; 3-a,mufcefY ½Scd ahJ vonf? ¤if;jyif &efuek o
f m oemh&yd f
omüaeí w&m;tm;xkwv f okd rl sm;vnf; ½Scd ahJ vonf? uqkevf jynfah usmf 4-&ufaeYwiG f bm&Dur®|mef;enf;jy
q&mrsm; q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;xH Mo0g'cH,Ml uonf? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u w&m;tm;xkwaf &; 0dyóemw&m;awmf
jyefYymG ;atmif aqmif½u G af &; ponfwYkd ukd Mo0g'ay;awmfrcl ahJ vonf /
ur®|memp&d,meHç bm&dXmae wayg0ae?

Mo0g'H t''d axa&mç r[my&uúarm 0d'gG /
¤if;jyif ur®|mef;q&mrsm; taejzifh cspfcifz, G çf Munfñzkd , G *f P

k rf sm; ½St
d yfaMumif;ç &[ef;r[kwyf J vl0wf
aMumifrsm; jzpfvQifvnf; vlYusif0h wfEiS hf jynfph &kH efvt
kd yfaMumif;ç ig;yg;oDv NrJ&rnfjzpfaMumif;ç wwfEikd o f
avmuf ½Spyf g;oDv xde;f odr;f vQif aumif;aMumif;ç qufqaH &;wGiv f nf; arwåmç u½kPma½SUxm;í qufq&H ef
vdtk yfaMumif;ç ,if;odYk jynfph ykH grS tav;ûyxduk af om *kPrf sm;½Srd nf jzpfaMumif;ç xdok Ykd vrf;jynTeMf um;&mü
ajymoifh ajymxdu k af om yk*Kd¾ vfukd ajymMum;jcif;udvk nf; ûy&rnfjzpfaMumif; ur®|mef;w&m;tm;xkw&f onfrmS
udavomNidr;f ap&ef tm;xkwjf cif;jzpfí udavom jzpfapEdik af om taMumif;t&mrsm;ESihf uif;Edik o f rQuif;atmif
nTeMf um;&efvakd Mumif;ç jrwfpmG bk&m; tvdak wmfus ur®|mef;xdik &f ef tcef;ESihf pBuøomG ;oifyh ekH nf;ç onf;cHjcif;ç
w&m;jynfph akH &;ç w&m;ppf&mwGif rnfoYkd rnfykH aqmif½u G o f ifah Mumif;ESihf ,ckvnf; jynfjh ynfph pkH ½kH íSd 0rf;ajrmufyg
aMumif;ponfwYkdyif jzpfavonf? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u m; Mo0g'ay;vnf; tvGeaf umif;onfh yd,ç *½kç bm0eD,
paom *kPaf ygif;pHo k nfh q&mawmfBuD; jzpfawmfryl gayonf/
Mo0g''gae aqaum0ç yd,m'd*Pk oH,ak wm?

omoae a"m&a,Sm "Da&mç orÁK'¨puúbm&a"m/
w&m;a[mar;cGef;rsm;ajz
nydik ;f wGif q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u Ak'o

¨ moemw&m;awmf yxrydik ;f udk a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? ar;jref;
orQ jyóem t&yf&yfwYkd uv kd nf; ajzMum;awmfrol nf? t½SiZf eumbd0o
H uvnf; ajzqdo k nf/
Ak'o
¨ moeoH,w
k å-"r®rdÜ "r®bmPaum?
bPdwmG aw awmaoodç "r®umar Zae A[l/
r[mpnfur®|mef;q&mtjzpf todtrSwfjyKvufrSwf
csD;jr§ifhjcif;
1341-ckEpS f uqkev f jynfah usmf 5-&uf (15 -4-79) aeY eHeufyikd ;f wGif bm&Dur®|mef;Xme½H;k tz UJG 0if
a0,sm0pöaqmif½u G o f l 18 -a,mufwYkd tm; aus;Zl;½Sif r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ESit hf zGUJ u tvª½iS rf sm; vª'gef;
onfh rsuEf mS okwyf 0k gç qyfjymrStp ypön;f rsm;udk jyefvnfay;pGeYf awmfral vonf? eHeuf 8-em&D rdepf 30 -wGif
(Insight Meditation Society ) tzGUJ 0ifrsm;ESihf a,m*Dtm;vH;k wdYk u q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;tm; uefawmhMuonft h cg
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u ¤if;wdYk \ omoemjr§iw hf ifa&;vkyif ef;ESihf &dyo
f mpcef; BuD;yGm;&m BuD;yGm;aMumif;udk tywf
wukwf tm;xkwaf qmif½u G Mf uonft h wGuf csD;usL;pum; rdeYf Mum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf/
xdYk aemuf bm&Dpcef; 0dyóemur®|mef; enf;jyq&mrsm;tm; r[mpnfenf;edó&nf;ESit hf nD vdu

k ef maom
ur®|mef;q&mrsm;tjzpf todtrSwûf yoifyh gaMumif; q&mawmft½Siaf &0w"r® avQmufxm;ojzifh q&mawmfb&k m;
BuD;onf *sdK;Zufç *sufç *sufuvif;ESihf ½Sm½Gew
f Ykd tm; r[mpnfur®|mef;q&m rsm;tjzpf todtrSwûf yaMumif;
vufrwS wf apmif ay;awmfrcl ahJ vonf/
r[mpnfur®|medu-*k½bk nd mPywåu?H 1
r[mpnfax&ukOaÆ &mç ed,smw,d ok"w
D rd m/
bm&Dur®|mef;Xmeü jyKzG,fudpöt00
vufpowfjcif;
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf rdrEd iS w hf uG omoemûytzGUJ wzGUJ vH;k twGuf &efuek ûf rdYrS tar&duefç vef'eftxd
oGm;vm&m ukeu f sp&dwrf sm; vª'gef;jcif; aumif;rIuo k v
kd rf sm;udk a&pufcs trQa0vsuf tEkarm'emw&m; a[mMum;
awmfrcl ahJ vonf? ¤if;jyif þodYk a[majymMu&mwGif ud,k af &;uk,
d w f mtwGuf rnfoYkdrQ aMumifMh urpdu
k yf J
aqmif½u G af eonfh twGuaf Mumifv h nf;ç tppt&m&mwGif olwyg;Munfñzkd , G &f m jzpfap&ef aqmif½u
G v
f suf½o dS jzifh
tvGecf s;D usL;zG,&f m aumif;aMumif;udyk g cs;D usL;rdeYf Mum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? ,if;odYk ponfjzifh rdeYf Mum;NyD; bm&D
0dyóemur®|mef;Xmeü omoemûyudp&ö yfrsm;udk vufpowfawmf rlvu kd af vonf/
r[mpnfr[maxa&m [dç *Pmapa&m r[m,wd?

ok"D rkeEd p´ uúóç 0k',
d¨ m udpu
ö m&aum/
e,l;a,mufwGif omoemjyKawmfrljcif;
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf arv 15 -&uf (15 -5-79) aeYwiG f bm&D ur®|mef;Xmeü eHeufqrG ;f bkO;f ay;awmf
rlNyD;? 0kpwm; ( Wasce Star ) avqdyo f Ykd <uawmfrol nf? 12 -em&D 45 -rdepfwiG f e,l;a,mufûrdYoYkd vdu k yf gxGucf mG
awmfrcl &hJ m 1-em&D 30 -rdepftcsdew
f iG f e,l; a,mufûrdYoYkd a&mufawmfrcl ahJ vonf? bm&Dur®|mef;XmerS rpöwm*,f&D
bwf(bf) (Mr.Garay Buck ) qdo k tl zGYJ 0if wOD;vnf; apmifah ½Smuf&efvu kd yf gcJah vonf? e,l;a,mufavqdyüf
OD;vSazç ukvor*¾rS OD;ay:OD;ç OD;apmvGiEf iS hf OD;oef;wl rdom;pkponfwYkd u 0rf;ajrmufpG mêudqkd Muavonf/
e,l;a,muftmumo,me-wdwr¬ dS A[kau Zem?

ypöK*¾pHä ax&ao|Hç r[mpnfax&o0S,/H
w&m;pum;rdefYMum;
e,l;a,muf½dS OD;vSaz -a':wifviId w f Ykd onf q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;tm; rdr d\aetdru f kd ausmif;tjzpfv'ª gef;
Muí ¤if;wdYk rl tjcm;odYk ajymif;a½TUaeMuonf? odYk jzpfí¤if;wdYk \aetdrüf acwåow D if;oH;k awmfr&l m naeydik ;f wGif
a&muf½v
dS maom ukvor*¾qikd &f mtNrJwrf; oHtrwfBuD; OD;armifarmifBuD; rdom;pkEiS ½hf ;kH om;rsm;ç tjcm;a&muf½v dS m
aom yk*Kd¾ vftoD;oD;wdYk tm; omoemûyc&D;wGif tqifajytaMumif;nDnw G af Mumif; ponfwYkdurkd ed Yf Mum;NyD; w&m;ESihf
pyfaom pum;rsm;udk rdeYf Mum;awmf rlcahJ vonf? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf a&mufav&m&mXmersm;ü tcsn;f tES;D
pum;r>rufMum;yJ w&m;ESiphf yfaom pum;udo k m rdeYf Mum;awmfral vh½Sdonf/
r[mpnfr[max&óç "r®u D xm o'g [d a0?

e u'gpd ed&w¬uç uxm [d e okwykAmÁ /
qGrf;tEkarm'ema'oema[mMum;jcif;ç
ar;cGef;rsm;ajzMum;jcif;
uqkev f qkwf 7-&uf (17 -5-79) aeYwiG f OD;vSaz -a':wifviId w f Ykd qufuyfv'ª gef;onfh t½kPq f rG ;f udk
bkOf;ay;awmfrlonf? eHeuf 9 -em&D tcsdeüf t½Sit f *¾"r®u tvkyaf y;w&m;awmf tusOf;csKyfa[mMum;awmf rlcahJ v
onf? ¤if;jyif tar&duefvrl sdK; 5-a,mufEiS hf jrefrm 2-a,mufwYkd 1-em&DcefYMumrQ w&m;xdik Mf uon ?f 10 -em&D
30-rdepfcefYwiG f OD;oef;wlro
d m;pkwYkd \aetdrüf q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ESithf zGYJ aeYqrG ;f bkO;f ay;awmfrMl uonf? qGr;f
bkO;f ay;awmfrNl yD; y&dowftm;vH;k tm; qGr;f tEkarm'emw&m; a[mMum;awmfral vonf? oHCmawmfrsm;u y&dwf
½Gwzf wfcs;D ajr§mufMuonf? e,l;a,mufûrdYü bk &m;jrwfpmG a'oemwefc;kd awmfrsm; ysUH ESYaH vNyDwum;/
yd@ygw'g,uóç rEd́&rSd raem[a&?

tEkarm'eH aomumodç r[mpnf yk*aF 0g [d a0/
tjynfjynfqdkif&m psifXmeü w&m;a[mjcif;
yifah vQmufcsutf & e,l;a,mufrS 75 -rdik u f mG vSr;f onfh (Long Island ) avmeftikd v
f efoYkd <uawmfro
l nf?
¤if;rStjyef yifah vQmufojzifh n 8-em&D tcsdew f iG f (International Zen Centre of New York ) trnf½Sd
tjynfjynfqikd &f m psifXmepcef;odYk <ua&mufí 0dyóemtvk yfay; w&m;awmftusO;f csKyfukd a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ v
onf? xdXk mewGif w&m;emy&dowf 60 -cefY½í dS tar&duefç w½kwçf jrefrmvlrsdK; ponfwYkd yg0ifMuavonf? t½Sif
Zeumbd0Ho bmomjyefonf? 1 -em&DcefY w&m;xdik Mf uonf? n 11 -em&DcefYwiG f NyD;avonf? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;
onf ar;jref;orQuv kd nf; ajzqdak wmfrcl ahJ vonf? rsm;pGmtvkyv f yk af om q&mawmfygwum;/
edcv
d avmuorÁE¨-psiXf maeyd,ukwaå rm?
A[leH aom [d a'aowGmç tEk*[¾ d okZmwdrm/
udkvHbD&mwuúodkvfü w&m;a[mjcif;
uqkev f jynfah usmf 8-&uf (18 -5-79) aeYwiG f q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ESit hf zGUJ onf a':cifpk \om;
a'gufwmausmfjrifçh a':&if&ifat;ESihf aqGrsdK;wpkwYkd \ aetdrof Ykd <ua&mufí t½kPq
f rG ;f bkO;f ay;awmf rlcahJ vonf?
xdYk aemuf eHeuf 8-em&DrS 9-em&Dtxd y&dowfrsm; w&m;xdik Mf uo nf? xdak eYaeYqrG ;f udk OD;bv0rf;qif;
(Mr.Balcean Singh ) aetdrüf bkO;f ay;awmfro l nf? xdrk w
S zef acwå,m,Dausmif; (OD;vSazaetdr)f odYk jyefvnf
<uawmfrlonf? nae 6 -em&D rdepf 30 -wGif udkvHbD&mwuúodkvf ( Columbia University ) pdefayg(vf) bk&m;½S cd ;kd
ausmif;odYk <ua&mufawmfrNl yD;vQif q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf ]]Ak'o ¨ moem w&m;awmf}}udk t*Fvyd v f kd a[mawmfrcl hJ
avonf? y&dowfvrl sdK;aygif;pHk 100-cefY½adS om[l\? n 10-em&D tcsdecf efYwiG f w&m;yGNJ yD;qH;k avonf/
udv
k b
H &D mwdemareç 0dó0dZmÆ va, okaw?
yoda'¨ ax&aoca&mç "r®rKÁ embdoOd adö om/
ukvor*¾oH½Hk;tzGJYom;rsm;\ qGrf;udkbkOf;ay;jcif;
uqkevf jynfah usmf 9-&uf (19 -5-79) aeY t½kPw f ufwiG f jrefrmukvor*¾ot H rwf½;kH tzGYJ om;rsm;u
pkaygif;í oHtrwfBuD; OD;armifarmifBuD;aetdrüf tzGYJ 0ifoCH mawmfrsm;ESithf wl <ua&muf qGr;f bkO;f ay;awmfro
l nf?
qGr;f tEkarm'emw&m;a[mç y&dw½f wG cf sD;ajr§mufawmfrMl uonf/
&mZ'lwmva, axa&mç "ar®m'aue odOw ö ?d

y&dwåH ZdetmPrÜçd bPðok ax&ukO&Æ m/
tEkarm'emw&m;a[mç jyóemajzqdkjcif;
xdak eYaeYqrG ;f udk OD;vSarmif -a':wifviId w f Ykd \aetdrüf trsm;pkaygif; qufuyfMu&m bkO;f ay;awmfrMl u
onf? xdak eYwiG yf if t½Sio f vD meE´mbd0o
H ESihf t½Siaf uvmowdYk onf q&mawmfBuD;E iS hf cGcJ mG í e,l;a,mufûrdYrS
tar&duefjynftaemufyikd ;f qefz&efppöuûkd rdYoYkd av,mOfjzifh xGucf mG awmfrMl uonf? naeydik ;f wGif e,l;a,mufü
bm&DrS tvefuvD;rifph (f Alan Clements ) \ ½Siûf yyGaJ eYjzpfonf? tvefuvD;rifph u f kd t½SiZf eumbd0o H u
omraPûyay;onf? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u tEkarm'em w&m;a[mNyD; ar;cGe;f rsm; ajzqdak wmfro l nf/
wo®'ð 0d obma* [dç "r®uxm y0wåw?d

axa&e bmodawm "ar®mç tpöEHÅ tw¬o, H ak wm/
w½kwfoDv½Sifausmif; owdy|meftusOf;csKyfa[mjcif;
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf OD;apmvGif -a':cifoef;jrifw h Ykd aetdrüf qGr;f bkO;f ay; qGr;f tEkarm'emûyNyD; trsm;
aumif;rIaeYqrG ;f udk OD;vSaz -a':wifviId wf Ykd trd üf bkO;f ay;awmfro l nf? xdak eY rGe;f vGJ 1-em&D 30 -rdepf tcsdew f iG f
w½kwfoDv½Sifausmif; (Temple of Enlightenment ) odYk <ua&mufí owdy|meftusO;f csKyfukd a[mMum;awmfrcl hJ
avonf? ar;jref;csurf sm;udv k nf; ajzqdak wmfrcl ahJ vonf/
pdEyk godum rEád &ç 0d'o

l pö y&uúarm?
owdy|meH a'aoodç owd,m oH,ak wm ok"/D
tar&duefomoemjyKc&D; tjyD;owfjcif;
e,l;a,mufûrdYü c&D;waxmuf0if<u oDwif;oH;k í omoemûyawmfrjl cif;onf tar&duefomoemûy aemuf

qH;k c&D;jzpfavonf? q&mawmfonf bk&m;jrwfpmG omoemawmfwnfa&;twGuf ud, k yf ifyef;rIukd *½kûyawmfrrlyJ
wvcGu J mvcefY tar&duefEikd if üH oAÁñjk rwfpmG omoem wnfwjhH yefYymG ;&eftwGuf þrQ êud;yrf;awmfrcl ahJ vonf?
xdak x½kyw Ü då pmawmfzwf ... toif ax½kyw Ü pdå mawmfzwfonfvnf; q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; enf;ud, k í l êud;yrf;&m \/
r[mpnfax&emarm ,wdoa&mç
um,du'kuH© teayu©aEÅm aom?
okomoepd&|dwð ayu©aEÅmç
0g,mrH tum wxm ua&mEÅK abm/
{ulemoDwdrydkif;
Ä
*&dwfNAdwdef (,lEdkufwufuif;'ef;)
*&dwNf Adwed (f ,lEu

kd w
f ufuif;'ef;) Edik if o H nf Oa&mywku d t
f aemufbuf jyifopfyifv,furf;ajcrS 'dAk m
a&vufMum;jcm;vsuf 21 -rdik f tuGmwGif wnf½adS vonf? t*FvefuRef;ay:ü wnf½o dS jzifh t*FvefEikd if H [kvnf;
ac:Muonf? ,if;t*FvefuRef;ay:wGif a0vfe,fEiS hf paumhwvefe,fwYkd yg0if vsuf½NdS yD; tdik ,
f mvefuRef;onf
t*FvefuRef;\ taemufbufwiG f wnf½adS vonf? ajrmufbufü twåvEÅw d f ork'&´ mESihf ajrmufyifv,f½adS v
onf? ta½SYbufüvnf; ajrmufyifv,fjcm;vsuf e,fomvifç bJv*f s, D çH 'dAk ma&vufMum;ESihf jyifopfyifv,f
urf;ajcwnf½o dS nf? awmifbufü t*Fvefa&vu Mf um;jcm;vsuf jyifopf yifv,furf;ajcwnf½dS \? taemufbuf
wGif tdik ,
f mvefuRef;ESihf twåvEÅw d of rk'&´ mwdYk 0dik ;f &Hvsuf wnf½odS nf? ,if;Edik if o
H nf pwk&ef; rdik f 49209 -rdik f
us,0f ef;onf? *&dwNf Adwed f (,lEu kd wf ufuif;'ef;) t*FvefEikd if H \ ûrdYawmfrmS vef'efjzpfavonf? t*FvefuRef;ay:
ü tvsm;rdik f 210 -cefY ½Snv f sm;aom odr;f jrpfonf t"dujrpfBuD;jzpfavonf? vef'efûrdYonf odr;f jrpfurf;ajcay:ü
wnf½NdS yD; ta&;BuD;aom oabFmqdyu f rf;ûrdYBuD;jzpfavonf/
*&dwf NAdwdef (t*Fvef)odkY <uawmfrljcif;
,if; uqkev f jynfh ausmf 10 -&uf (20 -5-79) aeY nae 4 -em&D tcsed w f iG f r[mpnf omoemûytzGYJ onf
*&dwNf Adwed Ef iS hf Oa&myc&D;pOftwdik ;f qufvufa'opm&D jzefYcs&D eftwGuf uae'Davqdyo f Ykd <uawmfrcl ahJ vonf?
e,l;a,mufûrdY uae'Davqdyrf S tar&duefavaMumif; ukrP Ü D (PAN.AM) av,mOfjz ifh n 7-em&D rdepf 40 -
tcsdewf iG f *&dwf NAdwed çf t*FvefEikd if H vef'efûrdYawmfoYkd xGucf mG awmfrcl ahJ vonf/
*&dwNf Adwed 0f o
d ,rÜçd r[mpnf ,wdy*k aF 0g?
ZdeomoeH aZmawwHçk t*Úäd 0D&, d 0gok"/D
oHCmawmfrsm;ç vlyk*¾dKvfrsm;pGmwdkYuBudKqdkMujcif;
uqkevf qkwf 11 -&uf (21 -5-79) aeY eHeuf 7 -em&Dtcsdew f iG f q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ESit hf zGYJ onf t*Fvef
Edik if H vef'efavqdyo f Ykd a&mufawmfrcl ahJ vonf? avqdyrf S q&mawmft½Siaf &0w"r® OD;aqmifí jrefrm oH½Hk;rS
'kw, d twGi;f 0ef OD;wifarmifO;D ç urÇmYa&aMumif; XmecsKyf (ukvor*¾) rS OD;pdex f eG ;f atmifç qGpZf mvefrS rpöwm
rd&u f zkd &DAm (Mr.Mirkofryba) ESifht*Fvdyfç ,dk;',m;ç oD[dkVf oHCmawmfaygif; 8 -yg;cefYwYkdu 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om
êudqMkd uonf? t½Siaf &0w" r®onf tar&duefEikd if H abmhpw f eG f (Boston) rS arv 12 -&ufaeYuyif q&mawmf
bk&m;BuD;xHrS cGcJ mG cJNh yD; êudwifjyifqifrrI sm; ûyvkyx
f m;½S&d ef t*FvefoYkd xGucf mG cJu
h m vef'efoYkda&muf½jdS cif; jzpfav
onf/
vef'efywåaetmumo-,mewdaw¬ A[l Zem?

ypöK*¾Po
ðS k ax&dEçH́ r[mpnf ,wdy*k 0F /H
,dk;',m;ausmif;üoDwif;oHk;ç w&m;a'oemjzefYcsDjcif;
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ESihf tzGYJ onf vef'efûrdYay:½Sd ,d;k ',m;ausmif; Ak'y¨ 'Dy ( Buddha Padipa ) odYk <uawmf
rlav&m eHeuf 9-em&D rdepf 30 -tcsdew f iG f a&muf½adS wmfrcl ahJ vonf? OD;pdex f eG ;f atmifEiS hf a':vSvw
S Ykd u q&mawmf
bk&m;BuD;ESiw hf uG ,d;k ',m;ausmif; oHCmukef 30 -ausmfcefYwYkd tm; aeYqrG ;f qufuyfv'ª gef;Muonf? q&mawmf
bk&m;BuD;udk trSûD yí ukov kd yf mG ; Muonf? rGe;f vGyJ ikd ;f wGif jrefrm tajrmuftjrm; q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;tm; vma&muf
zl;ajrmfuefawmhMuonf? nydkif; 8 -em&DcefYwiG f t*Fvyd f jrefrm{nfo h nfy&dowf 60 -cefYwYkdtm; q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;
u 0dyóemw&m;tusOf;csKyfEiS hf tvkyaf y; w&m;awmfukd a[mMum;csD;jr§iahf wmfrcl ahJ vonf? t½SiZf eumbd0o H u
t*Fvyd vf kd jyefqckd ahJ vonf/
ok0yd óem"r®rçdÜ oacFaye ta'o,d?

r[mpnf ax&yk*aF 0gç u½kPmoH,ak wm ok"/D
qGrf;tEkarm'em a'oemcsD;jr§ifhç y&dwf½GwfcsD;jr§ifh
t½kPq f rG ;f udk ausmif;rSmyifbOk ;f ay;awmfrí

l 'umOD;ode;f xGe;f ESihf ZeD;a':jrjrwdYk \aetdrw f iG f aeYqrG ;f bkO;f
ay;awmfro
l nf? qGr;f bkO;f ay;NyD; tEkarm'emw&m; cs;D jr§iahf wmfro
l nf? ¤if;jyif y&dw½f w G q
f kd cs;D ajr§mufawmfrcl ahJ v
onf? ntcgwGif jrefrmrsm;yg0ifaom w&m; emy&dowf 30 -ausmw f Ykdtm; em&D0ufcefY w&m;xdik af pawmfrcl ahJ v
onf? w&m;rxdik rf D em&D0ufcefY q&mawmfO;D Zeumbd0o H u w&m;ay;awmfro l nf/
r[mpnfax&aoa|m[dç "r®uxm okaum0da'g?

tEkarm'eH aomumodç y&dwHå om oaem*"H/
paumhwvefodkY <ua&mufawmfrljcif;
uqkev f jynfah usmf 13 -&ufaeYwiG f t½kPq f rG ;f bkO;f ay;awmfrNl yD;aemuf OD;atifjrifx h eG ;f -a':csdKcsdKwdYk \
aetdrw l nf? rGe;f vGJ 1 -em&DwGif vef'efûrdY ,lpwef ( Euston) blwmodYk <ua&mufawmfrl
f iG f aeYqrG ;f bkO;f ay;awmfro
í rD;&xm;jzifh paumhwvef ( Scotland) ½Sd avmhumbD ( Lockerbie ) odkY nae 6 -em&Dtcsdew f iG f a&muf½adS wmfrcl hJ
avonf? xdck &D;um; rdik f 400 -cefY½adS om[l\? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ESit hf wl t½Sit f *¾"r®ç OD;jrode;f ç tar&due jf ynf
rSvukd yf gvmonfh OD;vSazESihf a':wifviId çf a':jrjrûrdiw f Ykd vnf; rD;&xm;jzifh vdu k yf gcJMh uonf? t½SiZf eubd0o H
onf 'umç 'umrrsm;ESifhtwl um; 2 -pD;jzifx h u
G cf mG cJah vonf? t½Siaf &0wESihf tazmf'umrsm;url w&ufêudwif
í bmrif*ef(rf) (Burmingham) ûrdYr S um;jzifh xGucf mG cJNG yD; paumhwvefoYkd a&muf½í dS avmhum;bdbw l m½Hrk S
êudqv kd suf½adS vonf? 'g,um armifarmifxeG ;f ESihf a'gufwm csdKcsdKxGe;f wdYk vnf;a&mufEiS í hf q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;
tm; EIwcf eG ;f qufoMuonf? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u oDvç orm"dç ynmESihf jynfph o kH jzifh a&mu &f mXmewdik ;f wGif
ysm;yef;cyfrQ vma&mufcsO;f uyfz;l ajrmfMunfñMkd uonf/
r[maxa&m r[mawaZmç r[myanm r[mok"?D

wo®m ax&dEy´ g'rSçd orÇwmå A[kaem Zem/
paumhwvefwdAufwefqajrvif;ü 6-&ufpcef;zGifh
o&P*HkoDvwdkYü wnfapjcif;
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ESit hf zGYJ onf wdAufbek ;f awmfBuD;ausmif;ü wnf;cdo k w

D if;oH;k awmfrol nf? uqkev f jynfh
ausmf 14 -&uf (24 -5-79) aeYwiG f OD;pdex f eG ;f atmifEiS hf tzGYJ wYkd u r[mpnfq&mawmfEiS t hf zGYJ tm; t½kPq f rG ;f
aeYqrG f;qufuyf vª'gef;Muavonf? eHeuf 8 -em&D rdepf 30 -tcsdew f iG f q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ESit hf zGYJ wnf;cdo
k w D if;
oH;k awmfral om wdAufbek ;f BuD;ausmif;qajrvif; (Samyeling) \ cef;raqmifwiG f q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u
o&P*Hk 3-yg;ESiw hf uG 10-yg;oDvç 8-yg;oDvç 5-yg;oDvwdYk ukd y&dowftoD;oD;tm; ay;awmfrcl ahJ vonf/
taeauoHyd ZemeHç r[maxa&m okA'k rd¨ m?

'ot|ok oDavokç yOöok ywd|my,D/
oDv½Sif0wfay;jcif;ç owdy|mefw&m;a[mjcif;
vef'efrv S u
kd yf gvmcJah om a':jrjrNrdKif oDv½Sif0wfvdkojzifh o&P*Hk 3 -yg;ESifh ½Spfyg;oDvay;í oDv½Sif
0efapawmfrcl ahJ vonf? a':ynmPpm&D[al ombGYJ rnfukd rSnahf c:awmfro l nf? xdYk aemuf owdy|mefw&m;awmfEiS hf
tvkyaf y;w&m;awmf tusO;f csKyfukd a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? q&mawmfum; omoemawmftwGuf rsm;pGmtvkyf
vkyaf wmfrcl ahJ vonf/
r[mpnfax&aoa|m [dç r[k,sarm r[mok"?D

r[mok"aD em puúóç oowH udpu
ö m&aum/
omraP0wfay;ç &[ef;cHay;jcif;ç w&m;a[mjcif;
¤if;aemuf rGef;vGJ 2 -em&D rdepf 30 -tcsdewf iG f OD;pdex

f eG ;f atmifç OD;atmifcspfEiS hf armifa½TxeG ;f ausmf wdYk tm;
omraPtjzpf omoemhabmif ta&mufcsD;ajr§mufawmfro l nf? ¤if;aemuf ¤if;omraP 3 -yg;wdYk tm; 'kvb ’ &[ef;
cHay;awmfro
l nf? xdak eY n 7-em&D rdepf 30 -rS 8-em&Dred pf 30 -txd Ak'o ¨ moemw& m;awmf (The Noble
teaching of the Buddha ) udk t*Fvy d v
f akd [mMum;awmfro l nf/
paumhwvefyw¬aeydç r[maxa&m okZmwdrm?

uwåAuÁ med u&dwmG ç orÁK'ömoeEä&m/
tPkjrLvufeuf uefYuGufqE´jyacgif;aqmif
*syefbkef;BuD;ESifhyk*¾dKvf 13-OD;
q&mawmfBuD;tm; uefawmhjcif;
f uG,f (25 -5-79) aeY rGef;vGJ 2 -em&DcefYwiG f vef'efûrdYteD; rDvwefued ;f (pf) ( Milton Kernes ) rS
uqkev
paumhwvefjynfuvmyf(pf)0dk (Glasgow) ûrdU rdik f 600 -cefYa0;uGmaom t&yftxd ajcusifavQmufí tPkjrL
vufeuf uefYuu G af &;ESihf urÇmYNidr;f csrf;a&;twGuf qE´jyonfh *syefbek ;f BuD; acgif;aqmifaom tzGYJ 0if 13 -OD;
wdYk onf aus;Zl;½Sif r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;xH vma&mufí uefawmhMuonf? wdu k w
f ukd q
f ikd q
f ikd x
f ;l jcm;aom
jzpf&yfjzpfavonf? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; \ u½kPmawmfum; pEú;l ESi;f cJaygif; axmifaomif;ru at;jrvSacs \
wum;? xdkaeYn 7 -em&Dred pf 30 -rS 8-em&Dred pf 30 -txd owdy|mef yxrydik ;f udk t*Fvyd b f momjzifh a[mMum;
awmfrcl ahJ vonf? ¤if;aemuf Oykoûf y Muonf/
okcgbdumrm rmEkZmç twd0 okcumrdaem?

ax&ó yg'rlvrSçd orÇwmå eDp 0kwadå em/
uefawmhcHjcif;ç jyóemt&yf&yfajzqdkjcif;
e,kevf qef; 1-&uf (26 -5-79) aeYüvnf; q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf wdAufq ajrvif;ausmif;üyif
oDwif;oH;k vsuf t½kPq f rG ;f aeYqrG ;f bkO;f ay;awmfro
l nf? rGe;f vGJ 2-em&Dtcsdew f iG f OD;[kwpf ed f \orD; a'gufwm
cifarpdeçf ¤if; \cifyeG ;f a'gufwmOD;jraomif;ESihf orD;rsm; \ zl;ajrmfuefawmhru I kd cH,al wmfro
l nf? nae 4-em&D
tcsdew
f iG f a,m*Drsm; \ tar;u akd jzMum;awmfro l nf? xdak eY paumhwvefjynf q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; acwåow D if;oH;k
&m a'oü eHeuf 4-em&D rdepf 50-wGif t½kPfvmí n 9-em&Dtcsed w f iG f ae0ifonf? &moDOwkom,mvSacs\/
r[mpnfemra"a,sm om"k bduK© paE´mç

paumhwvefem*&rdS oDwvdua&m/
A[a0g rEkóm okcoDwvm acgç

wó ygwkbma0g Zmwk tpä&ad ,m/
t*FvdyfvlrsdK;a,m*Drsm;tm; csD;ajr§mufjcif;ç
owdy|mefw&m;a[mjcif;
e,kevf qef; 2-&uf (27 -5-79) aeYwiG f a,m*Drsm; qufuyfonfh qGr;f udb k Ok ;f ay;awmfro
l nf? reufyikd ;f
w&m;ESiphf yfaom ykpmä rsm;udk ar;jref;Muav&m q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf Mum½d;k rsm;udk "m;jywfjywfjzifh vS;D ouJo h Ykd
&J&ifph mG vsifvsifjrefjref ajzqkad wmfrcl ahJ vonf? rGe;f vGJ 2 -em&DwiG f t½SiZf eumbd0oH u w&m;ppfonf? nae 3 -
em&DcefYwiG f t*Fvyd af ,m*D 3-OD;vma&muf0wfûyí w&m;ESiphf yfonfh jyóemrsm;udk ar;Muonf? q&mawmfBuD;u
vG,uf pl mG ajzawmfro l nf? n 8-em&D 15 -rdepfrpS í 9-em&D 15 -rdepfwikd af tmif owdy|mef yxrydik ;f tNyD;a[m
awmfrNl yD; 'kw,
d ydik ;f w0ufuvkd nf; qufvuf a[mMum;awmfro l nf/
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf Edik if &H yfjcm;wdik ;f wyg;ü &J&ifwh nfMunfpmG omoemûyawmfrcl ahJ vonf? r[mpnf
q&mawmf aerif;um; ,cktcg twåawmifp, G f ,Ge;f uG,cf ahJ vNyD/
r[mpnfbud K© ol&ad ,mç 0Da&m orÁK'ömoae?

t"kemaom tw¬*aF wmç ta[m ocFg&"r®wm/
xl;qef;aom&moDOwk
xdkaeYwGif xl;qef;vSpGm eHeuf 2 -em&Dred pf 30 -tcsdew f iG f tvif;a&mifjcnf,u

S o
f ef;jzmvsuf n 11 -em&D
tcsdew
f iG f arSmifpysdK;cJah vonf? Owk&moD tajctaerSm rd;k ½GmwvSnhf aeylwvSnjhf zpfavonf? urÇmavmu
tajctaeum; wjynfEh iS w hf jynf wae&mESihf wae&mrwlyJ qef;Mu,fvaS cs \wum;/
t,Havmaum 0dpad wåmpç tedapäm to,H0oD?

a'aoe a'aom twkavsmç tvHwrSd edAEdÁ w
d́ /kH
t*Fvdyfa,m*Drsm;\ tar;udkajz
owdy|mefa[m
e,kefvqef; 3-&uf (28 -5-79) aeY eHeuf 9 -em&DtcsdefwGif t*Fvdyf a,m*D 4 -OD; q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;
tm;½Scd ;kd uefawmhNyD; ykpmä rsm;ar;avQmufonf? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u rqdik ;f r wGajzMum;awmfro l nf? xdak eY aeYqrG ;f
bkO;f ay;awmfrNl yD;aemuf tD'ifbm&m (Edinberra) ûrdYoYkd <uawmfrí l a'oEÅ&A[kow k udk qnf;yl;awmfrol nf?
nydik ;f jyefvnfa&muf½o dS jzifh n 7-em&D 15 -rdepftcsderf pS í 8-em&D 15 -rdepfwikd af tmif owdy|mefw&m; 'kw, d
ydik ;f udk tNyD;owfa[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;um; A[kow k vnf;rsm;vS \? qef;qef;Mu,f
Mu,fvnf; a[mawmfrEl ikd f \? odraf rGYaomynm½SiBf uD;vnf; jzpfawmfrl \? &J&ifv h nf; &J&ifah wmfrl \? t,l0g'rsm;
pGmwdYk üvnf; vdrm® uRrf;usifawmfryl gay\/
A[kóak wmpdMwuxDç edyak Pm p 0dom&a'g?

omr,daump ukoavmç r[mpnfax&ukOaÆ &m/
w&m;pcef;odrf;yGJ NyD;pD;jcif;
e,kev f qef; 4-&uf (29 -5-79) aeY eHeuf 9-em&D tcsdew f iG f t*Fvyd af ,m*D 2-a,mufvm a&mufí
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;tm; zl;awGYNyD; w&m;"r®EiS phf yfí rdrw d Ykd pw
d 0f ,f r½Si;f rvif;onfrsm;udk ar;avQmufMuonf?
q&mawmfBuD;u vG,u f pl mG ajzqdak wmfrcl ahJ vonf? a,m*Drsm;tm; t½SiZf eumbd0o H udk ÓPfpOfw&m;a[map
awmfro l nf? n 7-em&Dtcsed w f iG f q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf csr;f oma&;w&m;awmf (The Way to Happiness )udk
a[mMum;awmfro l nf? ,if;odYk a[mMum;awmfrNl yD;aemuf wdAufausmif; tBuD;tuJjzpfol tuke&f ifyYkdcs(D Akoung
Rim Pouche ) u tcrf;tem;w&yfusi;f yNyD; w&m;pcef;odr;f yGJ EIwq f ufpum; ajymMum;avonf? qufvufí
jrefrmt*Fvyd af ,m*Drsm;u vªz, G 0f w¬KtoD;oD; qufuyfv'ª gef;Muavonf? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u aumif;rI
ukov kd t f &yf&yfukd a&pufcsay;awmfro l nf? a':vSvçS a':vDç a':jrcifEiS hf wdAufausmif;rS wdAufov D ½Sif t*Fvyd f
trsdK;orD; [Dvm&DwYkd u r[mpnfq&mawmftzGYJ a&mufonfah eYupí aemufq;kH aeYtxd qGrf ;uGr;f a0,sm0pöûyvkyf
Muonf? ¤if;wdYk \ a0,sm0pö ukov kd rf sm;udyk g xnfo
h iG ;f a&pufcstrQay;a0ygonf? pcef;odr;f yGrJ mS n 9-em&D
tcsed w f iG Nf yD;pD;cJah vonf? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u aeYa&mnyg w&m;ay;jcif;ç w&m;a[mjcif;ç jyóem ajzqdjk cif;
jzifo
h m tcsdeu f kd vGeaf pawmfrcl hJ avonf? tenf;i,fom usde;f pufawmfro l nf/
r[mpnfax&yk*aF 0gç r[k,smarm r[m,wd?

&wåEd 0d́ H udpu
ö m&Dç axa&m okov
D oH0&D/
bmrif*ef(rf)NrdKYawmfcef;rü odwy|mefw&m;
a[mjcif;
1341-ckESpf e,kefvqef; 5-&uf (30 -5-79) aeYwiG f qajrvif; wdAufpcef;ü t½kPq f rG ;f bkO;f ay;awmf
rlNyD; eHeuf 7-em&D rdepf 30 -tcsed w f iG f armfawmf,mOfrsm;jzifh xGucf mG awmfrcl &hJ m 125 -rdik f uGmvSr;f onfh
bvufy;l vf(Blackpool)ûrdYoYkd eHeuf 10-em&d rdepf 30 -tcsdew f iG f a&muf½adS wmfrcl ahJ vonf? xdûk rdYwiG f a'gufwm
OD;atmifjrifEh iS hf a':ode;f ode;f wdYk u ¤if;wdYk \aetdrüf aeYqrG ;f qufuyfMuonf? xdrk w S zef rGev f JG 2 -em&Dred pf 30 -
wGif xGucf mG awmfrcl &hJ m rdik f 100 -cefY uGmvSr;f onfh q&mawmf t½Siaf &0w"r® oDw if;oH;k &m t*FvefEikd if H
bmrif*ef(rf) (Burmingham) ûrdYoYkd nae 5-em&Dtcsed w f iG f qdu k af &mufawmfrcl ahJ vonf? n 8-em&Dtcsdew f iG f
bmrif*ef(rf) ûrdYawmfcef;rodYk <ua&mufí owdy|mef w&m;awmfukd tusO;f csKyf a[mawmfrcl ahJ vonf? q&mawmf
t½SiZf euu bmomjyefon ?f w&m;em{nfyh &dowf 100 -cefY½&dS m jrefrmç tdE, d́ ç t*Fvyd rf sm;jzpfMuonf? n 10 -
em&D rdepf 30 -cefYwiG f bmrif*ef(rf) ûrdYywf0ef;usiw f iG f aexdik Mf uaom jrefrmrsm; vma&mufí q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;
tm; zl;ajrmfMuonf/
bmrif*efem*a&pmydç e*&omvrEád &?

owdy|meH bmodwç¬ r[mpnf y@dawm [d a0/
vef'efjyefa&muf Oa&myc&D;pOfrsm;aqG;aEG;jcif;
e,kev f qef; 6-&uf (31 -5-79) aeYwiG f bmrif*ef(rf)0d[m&ü t½kPq f rG ;f bkO;f ay;awmfrNl yD;vQif
bl;wf(pf) (Boots) aq;0g; xkwv f yk af &;ukrP Ü rD S t&m½Sd OD;armifarmifoef;ESiZhf eD; a':at;oef;wdYk u qufuyf
vª'gef;onfh aeYqrG ;f udk bkO;f ay;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? rGe;f vGJ 2 -em&D 45 -rdepf tcsed w f iG f bmrif*ef(rf)rS vef'efûrdYoYkd
xGucf mG awmfrcl MhJ u&m nae 4-em&D 45 -rdepfcefYwiG f vef'efûrdY Ak'y¨ 'Ü yD ,d;k ',m; ausmif;odYk a&muf½MdS uavonf?
xdak eYn nOfOh ;D ,Htcgor,wGif pwifxu G cf mG rnfh Oa&my a'ompm&Dc&D;pOfEiS hf pyfvsOf;í tpDtpOfrsm; ñSEd iId ;f
aqG;aEG;cJMh uonf/
omoeaZmwew¬m,ç Oa&myya'o okab?

rEÅ,
d o
ð k r[max&mç r[mpnf yrkcg [d a0/
toDwdrydkif;
jyifopf (French)EdkifiH
jyifopfEikd if o
H nf tv,fyikd ;f Oa&mywdu k f \ taemufbufü wnf½adS vonf? taemufajrmufbufwiG f
'dZk ma&vufMum;ESihf t*Fvyd (f uJe,fvf ) a&aMumif;jcm;í t*FvefEikd if H (uRef;) wnf½o dS nf? ajrmufbufwiG f
b,fv*f sD,EH iS hf vlZifbufEikd if w H Ykd wnf½adS vonf? ta½SYajrmufbufwiG f taemuf*smreDç ta½SYbufwiG f qGpZf mef
Edik if EH iS hf tDwvDEikd if çH awmifbufwiG f ajrxJyifv,fç tif'&kd mjynfEiS hf pydejf ynfç taemu b
f ufwiG f bpöau;
yifv,fauGYEiS hf twåvEÅw d o
f rk'&´ mwdYk 0ef;&Hvsuf wnf½o
dS nf? ,if; jyifopfEikd if o
H nf pwk&ef; rdik f 212659 -rdik f
us,0f ef;onf[o k &d onf? ûrdYawmfrmS yJ&pfûrdYjzpfavonf/
jyifopfEdkifiH omoemjyK<ujcif;ç wlEGefNrdKYa&muf½Sdjcif;
1341-ckEpS f e,kev
f qef; 7-&uf 1979 -ckEpS f ZGev f 1-&ufaeYwiG f vef'efûrdY acwåow D if;oH;k awmfr&l m
d ½f ;kd (Heath Row ) avqdyo
Ak'y¨ 'Ü yD ,d;k ',m;ausmif;ü eHeufqrG ;f bkO;f ay;awmfrNl yD;aemuf vef'ef[o f Ykd <ua&muf
awmfrcl ahJ vonf? avqdyrf S eHeuf 10 -em&Dred pf 30 -wGif jyifopf (French) Edik if o H Ykd xGucf mG onfh av,mOfjzifh
vdkufygawmfrlcJh&m vD,Gef ( Lyon) ûrdYteD;½Sd av,mOfuGif;odkY rGef;vGJ 1 -em&D rdepf 30 -tcsdew f iG f qdu
k af &mufawmfrl
cJah vonf? tqdyk gavqdyo f Ykd wlEeG (f Tournon) ûrdY ½Sd aAm"dÓP&mrausmif; (Wat Bodhi Nyararema ) rS
'g,um 'g,dumrrsm;u toifv h ma&mufêudqkd MuNyD;vQif armfawmf,mOfrsm;jzifh q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ESit hf zGYJ ukd
wlEeG af usmif;odYk yifah qmifMuavonf? wlEeG ûf rdYrmS avqdyEf iS hf rdik f 70 -cefY uGmvSr;f onfjh yif um;v rf;vnf;
usO;f ajrmif;ojzifh nae 4-em&D rdepf 20 -wGirf S wlEeG ûf rdYoYkd a&muf½adS wmfrcl ahJ vonf? a&mufvQifa&mufcsif;
"r®y#doE¬m&-w&m;jzifh taphtpyfa[majymjcif;ç w&m;jzifEh w I q f ufjcif;udk ûyawmfrol nf/
orÜwu å a© P0 ax&daE´mç r[mpnfu0d yk*Fa0g/

"r®y#doE¬m&H aom [dç u&d oDwvrmeaom/
jyifopftrsdK;om; 13-OD; zdk;olawmf0wfay;jcif;
e,kev f qef; 8-&uf (2 -6-79) aeY eHeuf 9-em&D rdepf 30 -tcsdew f iG f jyifopfvrl sdK; 13 -OD; wdYk ukd
o&P*HEk iS hf ½Spyf g;oDvay;í zd;k olawmf0wfay;awmfro l nf? o&P*Ho k vD \ tusdK;BuD;aMumif; udv k nf; tusOf;
csKyfí a[mawmfro l nf? jyifopftrsdK;om; 13 -OD;onf iarmufywåjrm; &olwYkd uohJ Ykd 0rf;ajrmufEpS o
f uf ½Tit
f m;
wufvsuf q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;\ pum;udk vufco H rd ;f ydu
k Mf uavonf/
bmodwH ax&aoa|eç y@&0w¬o, H w k m?

ukvykwmå bdeEó
ð çk rPð 0 orÜ#pd o
dä /kH
qGrf;cH<uawmfrljcif;
r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf-
Owåad | eyÜraZÆ,sç "r®o

H pk &dwH pa&?
"r®pm&D okcH aowdç to®að vmau y&rSpd / 1
qGr;f cH0wfü rarhravsmh&mç aumif;pGmusift

h yfaom tusifw h &m;udk usifBh uHêud;ukwf tm;xkw&f m \? w&m;
usifoh ol nf þavmuç xdak vmurSm csrf;ompGmae& \-[laom bk&m;oAÁño k cifu zcifb&k ifoak '¨g' e
rif;w&m;tm; a[mawmfro l nfh a'oemudk ESv;kH odYk wif qifjcifawmfríl ausmif;y&d0P k f twGi;f ü aemufygtzGYJ 0if
&[ef;awmfrsm;NcH&í H £aNEáwmf txk av;awmifrQMunfu h m qGr;f cHvnS v
hf nfawmf rlcahJ vonf/ ,if;qGr;f cH&mrS&
aom trsdK;rsdK;aom qGr;f abmZOfwYkd ukd tm[ma& y#dul vonmESiw hf uG r[mypöa0u©PmwdYk ukd qifjcifum
bkO;f ay;awmfrcl ahJ vonf/
r[mpnfax&aoa|mwdç avmu*¾gEk*awm ok"?D

avmu*¾omoeaó0ç 0k',d¨ m udpu
ö m&aum/
t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh tvkyfay;w&m;awmfa[mMum;jcif;
xdak eYnae 3-em&D 30 -rdepfwiG f r[mpnfq&mawmf bk&m;BuD;onf t*Fvyd b f momjzifh 0dyóem

tvkyaf y;w&m;awmfukd a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? w&m;yGw
J iG f y&dowf 60 -cefY½NdS yD; jyifopfEiS v hf mtdk vlrsdK;rsm;
jzpfMuonf? q&mawmf a[mMum;tyfaom w&m;awmfukd aAm"dÓPm &mrausmif;rS vmtdb k ek ;f awmfBuD; t½Sif
ÓPmpma&mu jyifopfbmom jyefqakd wmfrcl ahJ vonf? w&m;emMu&aom Oygoum OygodumwdYk pdw"f mwf½iT f
vef; csr;f omat;jrMuukef\/
w'g A[a0g arm'EÅçd oDwm,EÅd okcEÅpd ?

jyifopfZem vmtdZk emç &wewå,rmrum/
om,mqdwfNidrfonfhausmif;
xdak Am"dÓPm&mrausmif;wdu k rf mS om,mvSonf? t&dyaf &ESiv hf nf; jynfph kH \? ûrdYpeG af wmifuek ;f ay:rSm
wnf½jdS cif;jzpfí avaumif; avoefYvnf;&½Sd \? opfyifBuD;i,fwYkd jzifh tHYk tYkH qikd ;f qd ik ;f awm&ausmif;ozG,f
qdwNf idrv
f aS yonf? jyifopfvrl sKd ;wdYk ukov kd ûf y&m yknwdwç¬ yknywåç yknblrjd zpfavonf? tenf;i,faom Ak'¨
bmom0ifwYkd tzdYk t&awmfvaS yonf? ,if;ausmif;odYk jyifopfvrl sdK; vmtdv k rl sdK;wdYk vma&mufw&m; tm;xkwaf vh
½Sdonf[l\/
oifjypfyak & aAm"dÓP-tma&marm [d raem[a&m?

orEÅm 'lryEÅd [dç r@dawm aombaem [d acg/
vmtdk AD,uferftrsdK;om; 80-cefY vma&mufvSL'gef;Mu
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;\ oDv*kPçf orm"d*P k çf ynm*kPf owif;wdYk rS m urÇmt&yf&yfwiG f oif;ysHYêudiv f iId í

f
ae\? odYk jzpfí q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; a&muf&ma'owdik ;f ü ylaZmfoçl jyóemar;olç w&m;emolwYkdrmS ysm;yef;cyfrQ
jrm;ajrmufvu S ek \
f ? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; jyifopfEikd if H wlEeG ûf rdY aAm"dÓP&mr ausmif;wduk o f Ykdvnf; vmtdEk iS hf
AD,ufemrf trsKd ;om; 80 -cefYwYkd vma&mufí q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;tm; vªz, G 0f w¬KtrsdK;rsdK;wdYk jzifh uyfvyª al Zmf
aeYqrG ;f qufuyfMuonf/
r[mpnfax&aoa|m [dç oDvawaZeumoka&m?

orm"dynmawaZm[dç yZÆvaEÅm 'd0gedo/H
auae0 Zem orÇwmå ç ax&yg'rÁKaZ 'Ga,/
csrf;oma&;w&m;a[mMum;jcif;
aAm"dÓPm&mrausmif;rSm yifv,fa&jyifrS rDwm 300 -cefYjrifo h nfh uke;f ajray:ü wnf½jdS cif;aMumifh &moD
OwkrQwonf? xdkaeYnae 3 -em&D rdepf 30 -wGif q&mawmfb &k m;BuD;u a,m*Dy&dowftm; csr;f oma&; w&m;awmf
(The Way to Happiness ) udk a[mMum;í vmtdbk ek ;f BuD;u jyifopfpum;jzifh jyefqakd wmf rlcahJ vonf/
wlEeG yf ak &aA"dÓP-tm&maryd raem&ar?

okcr*¾o"k r®rçdÜ a'o,d ,wdaoca&m/
qGpfZmvefEdkifiH
qGpZf mvefEikd if o
H nf Oa&mywdu k f \ tv,fA[dw k iG f awmifwef;rsm;ywfvnf 0dik ;f &Hvsuf½adS vonf?ajrmuf
bufwiG f jyifopfEiS hf *smreDEikd if w
H Ykd wnf½ídS ta½SYbufwiG f MopBwD;,m;ç vpfcsDwefpwde;f ESihf tD wvDEikd if w H Ykd wnf
½So d nf? awmifbufwiG f tDwvDEikd if w H nf½í dS taemufbufwiG f jyifopfEikd if H wnf½adS vonf? pwk&ef;rdik f 15944 -
rdik f us,0f ef;avonf? ûrdYawmfrmS *seAD mûrdY jzpfavonf/
qGpfZmvefodkY <uawmfrljcif;
e,kev f qef; 10 -&uf (4 -6-79) aeY eHeuf 6-em&D rdepf 30 -tcsdew f iG f t½kPq f rG ;f bkO;f ay;awmfrNl yD;
aemuf wlEeG rf S qGpZf mvefjynfoYkd a½SY½v D m 20 -cefYa0;uGmaom Am;vifhpf ( Valance) ûrdYodkY eHeuf 8 -
I suf uDvrkd w
em&D rdepf 20 -cefYwiG f armfawmf,mOfjzifh xGucf mG awmfrcl ahJ vonf? xdûk rdYokd Y eHeuf 9-em&DcefYwiG f a&mufawmfrl
onf? wqifrh ;D &xm;jzifh uifAm&DûrdYoYkd qufvuf<uawmfro l nf? wzef uifAm&DrS aeY 12 -em&D 45 -rdepfwiG f
qufvufí pD;eif;vdu k yf gcJ&h m &xm;rSm auGYaumuf vSnyhf wfvsuf ESi;f jrLaqmif;onfh awmifwef;toG,o f ,G u
f kd
ywfvsuf *seD AD m (Geneva)ûrdYoYkd aeY 1-em&D 35 -rdepf tcsdew f iG f qdu
k af &mufcahJ vonf? blwm½Hrk S wem&DcefY
twGi;f wGif &xm;ajymif;pD;um c&D;qufjyef&m ]]wd,ef}} ûrdYoYkd nae 4 -em&D 15 -rdepftcsdew f iG f a&muf½adS vonf?
wzef xdrk wS qifh &xm;ajymif;pD;í <uawmfr&l m ]]pdeYf trD ,D m}} odkY 4 -em&Dred pf 50 -tcsdew f iG f qdu k af &mufavonf?
,if;blwm½Hük a'gufwm rD&u f zkd &DAm (Dr.Mirko Freba )ESihf OD;ode;f atmifEiS hf rdom;pk (jrefrmoHr;ª ) ESihf jrefrm
rdom;pkrsm;vma&muf êudqvkd suf½MdS uavonf? q&mawmfonf yifyef;rIuykd rmPrûyyJ bk&m;oAÁñk o moemûya&;
twGuf þrQêud;yrf;awmfrcl ahJ vonf/
um,ac'H teayau©m oyanmç

omoeua& 'VSpaä E´m {aom?
tbd,Ok dÆ owåmeH [dwm,acgç

wo®m puú0¹k ,
kd m tm&rÇa0g/
[dkw,fi,fwckü oDwif;oHk; omoemjyK
xdak 'oü qGpZf mvefjynf \ obm0 ½IarQmfcif;jzpfonfh awmiftqifq h ifEh iS hf uke;f jrifjh rifrh sm; ayg<u,fvS
onf? pdeYf trD , D mblwmESirhf eD;ra0; rDwm (1200) jrifrh m;onfh ]]armifw h q f akd v;}} ( Mount Soleid ) t&yf½Sd [dkw,f
wckwiG f q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ESit hf zGYJ wnf;cdMk uavonf? xd[ k w
kd ,frmS i,fonf[k qdak omfvnf; oH;k xyftaqmuf
ttHjk zpfNyD; [dw k ,fwckv;kH r[mpnfomoemûytzGYJ twGuf 'umrsm;u êudwifimS ;&rf;xm;cJMh uonf? q&mawmf
bk&m;BuD;ESit hf zGYJ onf tay:qH;k xy üf oDwif;oH;k í tv,fxyfü trsdK;om;a,m*Drsm;udk ae&mcsxm;cJah vonf?
atmufq;kH xyfurkd l w&m;xdik jf cif; w&m;a[mjcif;twGuf owfrw S x
f m;avonf? trsKd ;orD;a,m*Drsm;twGuf rlv
u þ[dw k ,füyif pDpOfxm;aomfvnf; a'gufwmt½Siaf &0w"r® \ rdeYf Mum;csut f & q&mawmfrsm;rSm o[ao,s
tmywfvw G &f ef vJavsmif;í csrf;ompGm usde;f pufapEdik &f ef wm0efcyH *k Kd¾ vfrsm;u trsdL;orD;a,m*Drsm;udk teD;½Sd
tjcm;[dw k ,foYkd a½GYajymif;ay;onf? xdYk aMumifh xdXk meü 7-ywfv;kH csrf;ompGm oDwif;oH;k awmfrMl uonf/
{0H [d yxdum*ga&ç 0odwGm ax&ukOaÆ &m?

"r®H aom [d tumodwç¬ u½kPm ykPrÖ meaom/
a,m*Daygif; 30-w&m;tm;xkwfMu
þ ]]armifhwfqdkav;}} t&yfü 10 -&ufpcef;zGií hf w&m;"r®a[mMum;jyojcif;ç bm0empD;jzef;jcif;ç tm;xkwf

jcif;rsm;ûycJMh u&m trsd K;om; trsdK;orD;a,m*D pkpak ygif; 30 -w&m;0if Muavonf? ¤if;wdYk tm;vH;k Oa&mywdu k o
f m;
csnf; jzpfMuí o&P*Hk 3-yg;ü ,Hrk mS ;rJw
h nforl sm; jzpfMuavonf? xdpk cef;ü tar&duefrv
S ukd yf gvmMuol
OD;vSazESihf a':wifviId w f Ykd vnf; tcgrvyf w&m;½Irw S Mf uonf/
armifw
h q
f akd v; ya'orSçd wðorwåm[d a,m*daem?
0dyóð ok okyoEémç o'´[EÅm0 omoae/
w&m;xdkif w&m;ppf
q&mawmfBuD; owdy|mefa[mjcif;
e,kev f qef; 11 -&uf (5 -6-79) aeY rd;k aomuftcsdef o,rrSpí eHeufcif;wavQmufv;kH ESi;f rsm;jzifh
ñdrk iId ;f &Djym a0jzmvsu½f odS jzifh wrsKd ;MunfE;l p&mjzpfonf? wu,fawmh &moDOwku q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; \
omoemûyvkyif ef;udk êudqo kd uJo h Ykd½adS vonf? eHeuf 7-em&D rdepf 30 -tcsderf S 9-em&Dtxd t½Sit f *¾"r®onf
a,m*Drsm;ESit hf wl w&m;xdik cf ahJ vonf? rGe;f vGt J csdew
f iG f a,m*Dtaygif;onf qufvufí ud, k pf u D , kd if bm0em
ur®|mef; qufvufp;D jzef;Muonf? aeYv,fwiG f t½SiZf eumbd0o H u w&m;ppfonf? rd;k a'0gvnf; ½GmavrpJ½adS v
\? n 7-em&D rdepf 30 -tcsed f rd;k pJaomfvnf; w&m;oHu rpJao;acs? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf owdy |mef
w&m;awmf yxrydik ;f udk t*Fvyd v f akd [majymawmfr&l m 8-em&D rdepf 30-tcsdewf iG f w&m;yG½J yk o
f rd ;f cJah vonf/
owdy|meab&drçdÜ t[eD,wd aoca&m?

aomum ty*rm,ç o'g 'VSy&uúarm/
w&m;xdkifç w&m;a[mç w&m;ppf

q&mawmfBuD; owdy|mefa[mjcif;
e,kev
f qef; 12 -&uf (6 -6-79) aeY 5 -em&Dtcsdew f iG f t½kPq f rG ;f bkO;f ay;awmfrNl yD; t½Sit
f *¾"r® a,m*D
rsm;ESit
hf wl 5-em&D 45 -rdepfrS 6-em&D 15 -rdepftxd wBudrçf eHeufyikd ;f 7-em&DrS 8-em&D 15 -rdepftxd
w&m;xdik af vonf? rGe;f vGw
J iG f a,m*Drsm; qufvufw&m;tm;xkwMf uonf? aeYv,f 2 -em&DwiG f t½SiZf eumbd0H
ou 0dyóemw&m;csD;jr§io hf nf? nae 4 -em&DwiG f t½SiZf eumbd0o H w&m;ppfonf? nydik ;f wGif 7 -em&Dred pf 30 -
rSpí 8-em&D rdepf 30-txd q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;u owdy|mef 'kw, d ykid ;f udk t*Fvyd v f kd a[mMum;awmfro l nf/
bk&m;jrwfpGmuk½kwdkif;om;wdkYtm; a[mawmfrlonfhenf;wl
a[mawmfrljcif;
Opömaygrsm;aomtrsdK;om;onf a½Taowåmud&k í a½Taowåmü &wem 7-yg;wdYk ukd xnfo h iG ;f odrk ;DS ouJo h Ykd
bk&m;jrwfpmG onf a½TaowåmE iS w hf al om uk½w k ikd ;f om; y&dowfav;yg;ud&k í urÁvmukeo f nf onfurÁvm \
jzpf&mZmwdpaom *kPu f jkd youJoh Ykd owåmeH 0do'k , d̈ m paom 7 -yg;aom*kPu f kd jyawmfrv l suf tmemygeyAÁpaom
21-yg;aomt&mwdYk ü bm0emuH \wnf&m tmemygepaom ur®|mef;udk t&[wåzv kd üf aumif;pGmxnfu h m pd;k &drf
ylaqG;jcif;ç jrnfwrf;jcif;ç ud,k q
f if;&Jjcif;ç pdwqf if;&Jjcif;ç pdwEf v
S ;kH rom,mjcif;[laom av;yg;aom Oy'á0gudk
y,fazsmufwwfaom udavombif pifMu,fjcif;ç t&d,mr*fu&kd jcif;ç edAmÁ efukd rsufarSmufûyjcif; [laomtusdK; 3 -
yg;udk aqmifwwfaom eufeufeeJ J cufcaJ om &wem 7-yg; t[ef okweå u f kd bk&m;jrwfpmG a[mawmfro l uJo h Ykd
r[mpnfax&fausmf jrwfbek ;f armfonf qGpZf mvef y&dowftm; r[mowdy|mef okweå u f kd t*Fvyd b
f momjzifh
a[mawmfrcl yhJ gavownf;/
v'¨gaygaom okrOÆLoHç &wemedp ed'a´ [?

{0H a'aowd *rÇD&Hç b*0g uk½k0goDeH/
{u0DowdXmaeokç t&[awå okacyd,ç

aomum'ly'´0*¢gwHç 0do'k '¨ |d rm0[H/
y@KurÁv0aóm0ç owå0PÖH yumo,Hç

{0H r[mpnfaxa&mydç qGpZf mvH yoda'¨ yka&/
wdAufbkef;BuD;ESifh Ak'ömoemjyefYyGm;a&;aqG;aEG;
e,kev f qef; 13 -&uf (7 -6-79) aeYwiG f ,refaeYuuJo h Ykd yif tvif;t0ef;rSpí a,m*Drsm;w&m;xdik Mf u
onf? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ESit hf zGYJ 0if &[ef;awmfrsm;onf 7-em&D 15 -rdepfwiG f OD;vSazç OD;pdeEf iS hf rpöwmz&DAm;wdYk
vdu k yf gvsuf *sDeAD mûrdYoYkd <uawmfro l nf? *sDeAD modYk eHeuf 10 -em&Dtcsed w f iG f a&mufawmfro
l nf? jrefrmoHr;ª
OD;ode;f atmiftrd üf aeYqrG ;f bkO;f ay;awmfro l nf? xdt k csdewf iG f *sDeAD modYk &efuek rf S a&muf½adS eaom tvkyo f rm;a&;&m
0efBuD;ESit hf zGYJ onf q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;tm; uefawmhMuonf? rGe;f vGJ 1-em&D 15 -rdepfwiG f *sDeAD mûrdY½dS ukvor*¾
qdik &f m taqmufttHrk sm;ESihf tjcm;½Icif;rsm;udk um;jzifv h nS v hf nfMunf½h aI wmfro l nf? ¤if;aemuf jyefvnfxu G cf mG cJh
NyD; vrf;c&D;tMum; armifyh vJ&if;ûrdY½dS wdAufbek ;f BuD;ausmif;odYk acwå0ifa&mufawmfro l nf? wdAufbek ;f BuD;ESihf
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf Ak'o ¨ moem jyefYymG ;a&; vkyif ef;udk aqG;aEG;awmfro l nf? ¤if;ausmif;ü wdAufvmrm;
(Lama) 2-OD;ç Oa&mywdu k o f m; vmrm; 16 -OD;ESihf w&m;tm;xkwq f J Oa&mywdu k of m; a,m*D 60 -cefY ½Sad om[l \?
qufvufxu G cf mG awmfrcl &hJ m armifw h q
f akd v;odYk n 8-em&D 15-rdepfwiG f qdu k af &mufawmfro l nf/
wdAufvmrm; emraueç r[moa,e"Dwrd m?

omupäH aom [d tumodç r[mpnfypäad wm 0d'gG /
csrf;oma&;w&m;a[mMum;ç ar;cGef;rsm;ajzqdkjcif;
e,kev f qef; 14 -&uf (8 -6-79) aeYwiG f armifw h q

f akd v; cgwdik ;f uJo
h Ykd yif eHeufapmapmtcsderf pS í nae
wdik f tcsdef owfrw
S cf sufEiS t
hf nD a,m*Drsm; w&m;xdik Mf uonf? w&m;yGm;rsm;Muonf? nydik ;f 7-em&D 30 -rdepfrS
8-em&D 30 -rdepftxd q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u csr;f oma&;w&m;awmfukd t*Fvyd v f kd a[mMum;awmfro l nf? a,m*Drsm;
ar;orQukd ajzMum;awmfro l nf? t½SiZf eumbd0o H uvnf; w&m;a[m w&m;ppfonf/
okcr*¾o"k r®rçdÜ ta'o,d ok"w

D rd m?
tEka,m*rÜd 0dóZÆçd r[mpnf ,wdbmPkrm/
'DuifNrdKYüw&m;jyjcif;ç w&m;a[mjcif; ponf
e,kev f jynfah eY (9 -6-79) aeY eHeufapmapmydik ;f wGif t½Sit f *¾"r®onf tcgwdik ;f uJo h Ykd a,m*Drsm;ESi fhtwl
w&m;xdik cf ahJ vonf? xdak eYwiG f pcef;odr;f aeYjzpfojzifh a,m*Drsm;pkaygif; oefY½iS ;f a&;vkyif ef; t00udk wuf<upGm
vkyaf qmifMuonf? xdYk aemuf eHeuf 9-em&D tcsdew f iG f oHCmawmfrsm;ESiw hf uG a,m*Drsm; waygif;wnf;pkí
trSww f &"mwfy½kH u kd Mf uonf? ¤if;aemuf teD;½Spd y Ykd [w kd ,foYkd a½TYajymif;Muonf? pydYk [w kd ,fü bef;( Berne) ûrdYrS
a&mufvmonfh "r®tzGYJ u oHCmukef a,m*Duek f qGr;f uyfauR;arG;vª'gef;Muonf? rGe;f vGJ 2 -em&D rdepf 30 -tcsdef
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f iG f
r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf a,m*Dy*k Kd¾ vfwYkdtm; o&P*HEk iS hf 8-yg;oDv ay;awmfrNl yD; tvkyaf y;w&m; awmf
\ tESpof m&udk t>rufrQ a[mawmfro
l nf? t½SiZf eumbd0o H u qufvufa[monf? n 8-em&Dtcsdew
f iG f
y&dowf 30-cefYtm; owdy|mefw&m;udk a[mMum;awmf rlavonf/
owdy|me"r®Oçö oAÁAak '¨[d ao0dw?H

a'o,d a'oemaqaumç r[mpnfax&t0Sa,m/
jywdkufMunfh½Ijcif;ç owdy|mefw&m;a[mjcif;ponf
0gqdkvqef; 13 -&uf (6 -7-79) aeYwiG f &dyo f maumif;rI t½kPq f rG ;f udk bkO;f ay;awmfrNl yD; 8-em&DwiG f
a,m*Drsm; tzl;ajrmfcaH wmfro l nf? eHeuf 9-em&d 45 -rdepfwiG f (Panorama Mesdag Museum ) ac: jywdu k o
f Ykd
yifah vQmufojzifh A[kow k tvdYk imS <ua&mufMunf½h aI wmfrcl ahJ vonf? eHeuf 11 -em&DwiG f t½Si"f r®0&D emx \
r,fawmftrd w f iG f tzGYJ 0ifoC
H mawmfrsm;ESit hf wl qGr;f bkO;f awmfro k &yfrS ( Dykes) ac: a&umwm ½Icif;udk
l nf? xdt
Munfah wmfrNl yD; ausmif;odYk <ua&mufawmfro l nf? n 8-em&DwiG f t½Si"f r®0&D emx \ausmif;ü owdy|mefw&m;udk
a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? xdw k &m;pcef;wGif t½SiZf eumbd0o H aeYpOf w&m;ppfavonf? þodYk vQif q&mawmf
bk&m;BuD;onf a[mfvefa'oüvnf; omoemûyawmfrcl ahJ vonf/
{0O§ad [mfvefa'aoydç r[mpnf,wdy*k aF 0g?

avmuemxó ow¬Kaemç omoeH aombeH tum/
taemuf*smreDEdkifiH
taemuf*smreDEikd if o
H nf Oa&mywdu k f tv,fyikd ;f ü wnf½adS vonf? ajrmufbufwiG f ajrmufyifv,fEiS hf
'de;f rwfEikd if çH awmifbufwiG f vlZifbwfEikd if çH taemufbufwiG f e,fomvifEikd if EH iS hf b,fv*f sD,EH ikd if w
H Ykd wnf½dS
avonf? ta½SYbufwGif ta½SY*smreD½Sdí 1960 -ckEpS f Mo*kwv f rSpí ta½SYbmviftmPmydik rf sm; tkww f w
H ikd ;f
aqmufvyk cf ahJ vonf? taemuf*smreD \ûrdYawmfrmS bGe;f ( Bonn) ûrdYjzpfonf? taemuf*smreDü vlO;D a& uka# 60 -
cefY½Sdavonf/
*smreDEdkifiHodkY<uawmfrljcif;
0gqdkvqef; 14 -&uf (7 -7-79) aeYwiG f Ak', ¨ metzGYJ rv

S 'ª gef;aom t½kPq f rG ;f udk bke;f ay;awmfrNl yD;vQif
a,m*Drsm;\ uefawmhz;l ajrmfjcif;udk cH,al wmfrcl ahJ vonf? xdYk aemuf Ak', ¨ mepifwmausmif; q&mawmf t½Si"f r®
0D&emxtm; Mo0g'ay;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? ¤if;aemuf xdXk merS qufuyfaom qGr;f udb k Ok ;f ay;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? aeY
2-em&Dtcsed w f iG f q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u w&m;emy&dowftm; csr;f oma&; w&m;awmfukd cs;D jr§iahf wmfr o
l nf?
¤if;aemuftqdyk gausmif;bke;f BuD;u a,m*Dtm;vH;k ud, k pf m; q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;tm; 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om EIwcf eG ;f
qufNyD;aemuf q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ESit hf zGYJ onf 0gppfausmif;odYk armfawmf,mOfrsm;jzifh 4-em&Dtcsdew f iG f xGucf mG
awmfrcl &hJ m nae 6-em&Dtcsdew f iG f qduk af &mu af wmfrcl ahJ vonf? xdak usmif;rS q&mawmf t½Siaf rwåm0d[m&DEiS hf
oHCmawmfrsm; Oygoumrsm; êudqMkd uavonf/
¤if;ausmif;wnf&mXmeodYk *smreDjynfbeG ;f ûrdYrS jrefrmEdik if pH ;D yGm;a&;oHr;ª OD;udu k Bkd uD;u vma&muf êudqckd hJ
avonf? tqdyk g 0gppfausmif;rS t½Siaf rw må 0d[m&DEiS hf t½Sio f rk *FvwdYk yg twlvu kd yf gvsuf q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;
ESifhtzGJYonf 6-em&D rdepf 30 -wGif um;rsm;jzifh xGucf mG cJ&h m n 8 -em&D rdepf 30 -wGif (Kampstroat) ûrdY½dS rpöwm
ESihf rpöpzf &efqifwYkd \ aetdrüf acwåem;Muonf? xdrk w S qifh qufvuf<uawmf rl&m n 11 -em&Dtcsdew f iG f
taemuf*smreDEikd if H bGe;f ûrdY½dS OD;udu
k Bkd uD;tdro
f Ykd a&mufawmfrcl ahJ vonf? 0gppfEiS b hf eG ;f ûrdY 267 -uDvrkd w
D m uGmvSr;f
aom[l\/
*smref&|rÜd aom *Úäçd r[mpnf,wdy*k aF 0g?

avmu*¾omoeH aom [dç aZmawwHk £päaEÅm [d acg/
o&P*HkoDvay;jcif;ç w&m;a[mjcif;ç ykpämrsm;ajzjcif;
0gqdv k qef; 15 -&uf (8 -7-79)aeYwiG f OD;udu k Bkd uD;ESihf rdom;pkwYkd qufuyfaom t½kPqf rG ;f udk bkO;f ay;
awmfrlonf? eHeuf 8 -em&Dtcsdew f iG f taemuf *smreDqikd &f m jrefrmoHtrwfBuD; OD;armifarmifneG Yf EiS Zhf eD;wdYk trª;xm;
vsuf jrefrmoH½;kH t&m½Srd sm;ESiw hf uG jrefrmrsm;uyg pkaygif;í e0ur®twGuf 0w¬KaiGrsm;udk vnf;aumif;? tjcm;
0w¬K ypön;f rsm;udv k nf;aumif; qufuyf vª'gef;Muavonf? q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;onf azmfjyy gaumif;rItpkpw k Ykd
twGuf o&P*Ho k vD ay;jcif;ESihf a&pufcs trQa0awmfrcl ahJ vonf? ¤if;aemuf aeYqrG ;f bkO;f ay;awmfrcl ahJ vonf?
2-em&d tcsed wf iG f jrefrmoHtrwfBuD;tdro f Ykd <uawmfrcl ahJ vonf? *smrefA'k b ¨ mom0ifwYkd avQmufxm;onfh ykpmä
t&yf&yfukd ajzMum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf/
þodYk ponfjzifh q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf taemuf*smreD Edik if üH vnf; bk&m;jrwfpmG a'oem rsKd ;aphukd
csawmfrcl ahJ vonf/
ypäad r*smrefa'aoydç ax&daE´m u0daE´m 0d'gG ?

Zdeomoe0k', d̈ mç tpöEHÅ 0g,mrH tum/
a[mfvefjynf wD;'dk;pcef;odkY<uawmfrljcif;
*smrefpaH wmfcsed f 4-em&D 15 -rdepftcsed w f iG f bGe;f ûrdYrS xGucf mG cJNh yD; b,fv*f s, D H (Belgium) udk jzwfí
'wfcsf (Dutch) q&mawmf t½Sif ykn"ar®moDwif;oH;k &m&dyo f m wD;'d ;k (Tidorp Hoge Zoom 79 Burgh,
Holland) odkY n 12 -em&Dtcsdew
f iG f qdu
k af &mufcahJ vonf? ,if;odYk nOfo h ef;acgif;tcsdeu f srS a&mufcjhJ cif;rSm
c&D;a0; uDvrkd w
D m 370 -cefY omjzpfaomfvnf; vrf;cGrJ sm; rsm;ojzifh vrf;vGo J mG ;jcif;aMumifh jzpfavonf? tqdyk g
(Tidorp) pcef;ta&muf bduK© t½Siaf rwåm0d[m&DEiS hf t½Sio f rk *FvmwdYk tjyif OD;udu k Bkd uD;wdYk yg vduk yf gydYk aqmifcMhJ u
avonf/
wD;'dk; (Tidorp) pcef;omoemjyK

rSwfwrf; tusOf;csKyf
wD;'d;k ur®|mef;&dyo
f mpcef;rS qu fuyfonfh t½kPfqGrf;udk bkOf;ay;awmfrlNyD; eHeuf 6 -em&DwiG f q&mawmf
bk&m;BuD;u owdy|mefw&m;awmf udt k wdck sHK;ívnf;aumif;? tvkyaf y;w&m;awmfü vd&k if;tenf;i,fuv kd nf;
aumif; a[mMum;awmfro l nf? t½SiZf eubd0o H u qufvuftNyD;owfa[monf? tqdyk gpcef;ü awmawmif t&dyf
tm0goudrk í DS awm&ausmif;ozG,f obm0zefw;D vsuf taqmufttHk [lír½Syd J a½TYajymif;Edik af om zsifMurf;wJrsm;
pcef;ay:ü a,m*Drsm; aexdik Mf uonf? vQyfppfr;D r½Sd za,mif;wdik rf ;D udk toH;k ûyMuonf? oH;k a& aomufa&udv k nf;
a&wGi;f rS cyf,al omufo;kH Mu&onf? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ESit hf z YJG0if oHCmawmfrsm;onf nae 6-em&DwiG f Oykof
ûyNyD;aemuf n 8-em&Dtcsdew f iG f a,m*Daygif; 20 -cefYwYkdtm; q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; owdy|mefw&m; cs;D jr§iahf wmfrcl hJ
avonf? q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;ESit hf zGYJ onf Zlvikd v f 12 -&ufaeY wdik af tmifyif a[mfvefjynf wD;'d;k pcef;ü w&m;jy
jcif;ç w&m;a[mjcif;ç jyóemajzjcif;ponf omoemhtvkyu f kd r[kó[zGYJ vYkHvjzifh ûyawmfrcl MhJ uavonf/
r[mpnfyrkcg ax&mç o'g oHo'k r¨ meom?

a[mfvefyak & wD;'d;k a'aoç omoeudprö u½H/k
a[mfvefrSwzef jyifopfodkY<uawmfrljcif;
0gqdkvjynfhausmf 4-&uf (12-7-79) aeYwiG f &moDOwkom,monf? tyltat;rQw \? xdkaeYeHeuf t½kPf

qGr;f bkO;f ay;awmfrNl yD;vQif 8-em&Dtcsdew f iG f q&mawmf t½Siaf rwåm0d[m&DEiS hf wD;'d;k rS 'wfcsfbek ;f awmfBuD; t½Sif
ykn"ar®mwdYk um;ud, k pf jD zifh vdu
k yf gvsuf q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;udk yifah qmifí 12 -uDvrkd w D ma0;uGmaom 0gvf0pf
(uf) (Waal Wigk ) odYk xGucf mG awmfrcl MhJ u&m eHeuf 11 -em&D 15 -rdepftcsdew f iG f qdu
k af &mufcahJ vonf?
arwåm0d[m&Dausmif;ü aeYqrG ;f bkO;f ay;í rGe;f vGJ 1-em&D rdepf 50 -tcsdew f iG f trfpwm;'rf (Amstardam) odYk
qufvuf<ucsaD wmfrcl ahJ vonf? nae 3-em&Dtcsdeüf (Holland International Road Wearnt ) \ pDpOfxm;csuf
twdik ;f trfpwm;'rf emrnfausmûf rdYv,f a&umwm wl;ajrmif;c&D;w0ufukd armfawmfpufa&,mOf (Launch) jzifh
vSnv hf nfMunf½h aI wmfrcl ahJ vonf? nae 5-em&Dtcsdew f iG f (Schiphal) avqdyo
f Ykd qif;í jyifopfEikd if yH g&DûrdYoYkd
av,mOfjzifh xGucf mG &m n 7-em&Dtcsdew f iG f yg&DûrdYoYkd a&muf½adS vonf/
yg&Davqdyüf jrefrmoHtrwfBuD; OD;apmvdiI Ef iS hf OD;o ef;xGef; ponfh jrefrmoH½Hk; tzGJY0ifrsm;u ( Ky-Vien-

Tu) ausmif;rS AD,ufemrf bke;f awmfBuD; a'gufwm cEÅ"
D ar®m (Dr. Khanti Dhammo ) ESihf wynf&h [ef;ç 'umç
'umrrsm;wdYk vma&mufêudqMkd uavonf? avqdyrf S 7-em&D 50 -wGif xGufcGmcJh&m oHtrwfBuD; O ;D apmvdiI t f rd o
f Ykd
a&mufavonf? q&mawmfEiS t hf zGYJ onf oHtrwfBuD; OD;apmvdiI f \tdrüf ausmif;tjzpf oDwif;oH;k &ef avQmufxm;
ojzifh wnf;cdk oDwif;oH;k awmfrcl ahJ vonf/
yg&DwGif vkyfaqmifcsuftrsdK;rsdK;
0gqdv k jynfah usmf 5-&uf (13 -7-79) aeYwiG f oHtrwfBuD; OD;apmvdiI Zf eD; a':jrifjh rifh rdom;pkwYkd \
t½kPq f rG ;f udk bkO;f ay;awmfro l nf? rGe;f vGJ 2-em&DwiG f jyifopfEikd if H ûrdYawmfyg&D½cI if;rsm;udk Munf½h aI wmfrcl ahJ v
onf? n 9-em&Dtcsdew f iG f jrefrmoHtrwfBuD; rdom;pkEiS hf oH½;kH tzGYJ 0ifwYkd tm; o&P*Hk ESihf ig;yg;oDvay;NyD;aemuf
owdy|mefw&m;udk 10 -rdepfcefY a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? ¤if;aemuf rdepf 50 -cefY w&m;xdik af pcJah vonf?
0gqdkvjynfhausmf 6-&uf (14 -7-79) aeY t½kPfqGrf; bkOf;ay;NyD;aemuf eHeuf 8 -em&D 15 -rdepftcsdew f iG f r[m
,meausmif; (Mahayana Temple of Mona Stoke Boudhque ) odYk <uawmfro l nf? ¤if;ausmif;rS trsdK;om;tcsdKY
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;xHwiG f ig;yg;oDvcH,Ml uonf? ¤if;ausmif;rS eHeuf 9-em&Dred pf 50 -wGif xGucf mG í (Ky-
Vien-Tu) AD,uferfausmif;odYk qufvuf<uawmfrc lo
hJ nf? um;jzifh em&D0ufcefYo mG ;&aom[l\? ,if;AD,uferf
ausmif;ü qGr;f bkO;f ay;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? ta½SYawmiftm½S pm;zG,pf v kH ifvS \? 2-em&D 15 -rdepfwiG f AD,uferf
q&mawmf a'gufwm t½Sicf EÅ"D ar®mu rdwq f ufpum;ajymMum;onf? ¤if;aemuf q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u tvkyaf y;
w&m;awmftenf;i,fukd t*Fvyd v f t
kd enf;i,f a[mMum;awmfro l nf? wzef t½SiZf eumbd0o H u qufvufa[m
Mum;cJah vonf? AD,uferf trsKd ;om; trsKd ;orD;y&dowf 50 -cefY½adS om[l\? ¤if;y&dowfxw J iG f jrifueG ;f rif;om;
BuD;\ orD;awmf a':jzL \orD; a':pdeûf rdif qdo k v l nf; yg0ifcahJ vonf? a':pdeûf rdio f nf rlvu AD,uferfwiG af e
xdik cf NhJ yD; AD,uferftrsdK;om; cifyeG ;f onfEiS hf orD;rsm;ESit hf wl yg&D (Paris) wGif tajcpdu k af exdik o f nf[o k &d \?
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; a[maomw&m;udk trsKd ;om;wOD;u t*Fvyd b f momrS AD,uferfbmomjzifh jyefqakd y;cJah v
onf? nae 5-em&DwiG f oH½;kH a*[modYk jyef<uawm frlcJhavonf? n 9 -em&Dtcsdew f iG f oH½;kH tzGYJ 0if rdom;pkwYkd tm;
w&m;a'oem csD;jr§iahf wmfro l nf? ¤if;jyif oH½;kH tzGYJ 0ifrsm;u ypön;f rsdK;pHk vª'gef;í a&pufcsç tEkarm'emw&m;a[mç
tvªcaH wmfrcl ahJ vonf? þodYk ponfjzifh jyifopfEikd if H yg&DûrdYüvnf; bk&m;jrwfpmG a'oem rsm;jzefYcsaD wmfrcl ahJ v
onf/
yg&Dt*¾e*a&ydç r[maxa&m okA'k rd¨ m?

0dwm¬ &duH [d aom umodç a'oeH Ak'b ¨ modw/H
yg&DrS vef'efodkY
0gqdkvqkef 7-&uf (15 -7-79) aeY eHeuf 4 -em&D tcsd efwiG f oHtrwfBuD; OD;pdv k iId f rdom;pkwYkd qufuyf
onfh t½kPq f rG ;f udk bkO;f ay;awmfrNl yD; eHeuf 5-em&D 10 -rdepf tcsed w f iG f yg&DrS armfawmfum;jzifh jyifopfajrmuf
bufurf;½d;k pGe;f ½Sd u,fav (Callais) ûrdYoYkd xGucf mG awmfrcl ahJ vonf? yg&DEiS u hf ,fav uDvd rk w D m 299 -uGma0;
ojzifh eHeuf 8-em&D 25 -rdepfwiG rf S qdu k af &mufawmfro f rf;rS orÁeaf &,mOf ( Hovercraft) jzifh eHeuf
l nf? ¤if;qdyu
9-em&D rdepf 20 -wGif xGufcGmawmfrl&m ( English Channel ) ac: yifv,fa&vufMum;udk jzwfoef;í t*Fvefjynf
½Sd 'dkAm (Dover) wbufqyd u f rf;ûrdYoYkd rdepftenf;i,f twGi;f a&mufavonf? 'dAk mwGif OD;pdex f eG ;f atmifç
a'gufwmOD;0if;armifç a'gufwm a½TxeG ;f ausmfEiS hf OD;ode;f xGe;f wdYk u vma&mufêudqMkd uonf? xdrk w S qifh um;vrf;
c&D;jzifh vef'efoYkdc&D;quf&m OD;armifarmiftrd o f d Yk rGevf JG 10 -em&D rdepf 30 -wGif a&mufavonf? a&mufvQif
a&mufcsif; qGr;f bkO;f ay; awmfrMl uonf? ¤if;aemuf a':tke;f jrifah etdro f Ykd <uawmfrí l ausmif;tjzpf oDwif;oH;k
awmf rlcahJ vonf? a':tke;f jrifah etdrüf (Oxford) rS a&mufvmMuaom OD;jrwfapmtygt0if jre rf my&dowf 50 -
cefYwYkd tm; tusdK;½So
d nfh pum;rsm; rdeYf Mum;awmfrí
l nusde;f puftem;,lawmfro
l nf/
t*Fvef0o
d a, vef'ef -rEkan em*a& okab?
ra[od puúupd yHö çd tum oHo'k r¨ meaom/
{umoDwdrydkif;
befaumufjyef omoemjzefYcsDawmfrljcif;
0gqdv
k jynfah usmf 8-&uf (16 -7-79) aeY rd;k aomuf,H tcsdeo f r,wGif a':tke;f jrifh rdom;pkwYkd o'¨g
½Tifvef; vª'gef;qufuyfonfh t½kPfqGrf;udk bkOf;ay;awmfrlNyD; eHeuf 7 -em&Dtcsdef aus;Zl;½Sif q&mawmfb&k m;B uD;
tzGJYonf [dof½dk; ( Heath Row ) av,mOfuiG ;f odYk <uawmfrí l vef'efrS av,mOfp;D eif;vdu k yf gum xGucf mG awmfrl
cJah vonf? tcsdeu f m; eHeuf 8-em&D 57 -rdepf ½Sad vNyD? av,mOfonf a&mr (Rome) ûrdYrS udkif½dk ( Cairo) ûrdY?
udkif½dkrS tb 'l aAh (Abu Dabhai ) xdrk w S qifh tdE, d´ Edik if H e,l;a'vD (New Delhi ) ûrdYoYkd yso
H ef;cJah vonf?
e,l;a'vDwiG f acwåem;NyD; aemufwaeYwiG f tm½S ta½SYawmifqo D Ykd OD;wnfysHoef;cJah vonf? av,mOfay:wGiyf if
0gqdv k jynfah usmf 9-&uf (17 -7-79)&ufaeY t½k PfqrG ;f aeYqrG ;f bkO;f ay;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? pD;eif;vdu k yf gvmcJh
aom av,mOfonf ,d;k ',m; (xdik ;f ) Edik if H befaumufûrdYoYkd ,if;onfh 0gqdv k jynfah usmf 9-&uf (17 -7-79)
aeYv,f 12 -em&D rdepf 30 -tcsed w f iG f qif;oufcahJ vonf? c&D;½Sn<f u&ojzifh yifyef;rIukd w&m;jzifh ajza wmfrcl hJ
avonf/
r[wm y&dóareç omoeudpu ö m&,d?

"ar®eudvrxH aom [dç 0daema'od r[mrwD/
cRefbl&Da&mufNyD
befaumufav,mOfuiG ;f ü q&mawmft½Sit f mobç jrefrmoH½;kH rSO;D ode;f ESihf tjcm ;t&m½Srd sm; OD;xGe;f ode;f
ESiZhf eD; a':ararykç OD;ausmpf ;kd ponfh yk*Kd¾ vfrsm;u vma&mufêudqMkd uavonf? avqdyrf w S qifh xGucf mG &m
(Chonburi) odYk nae 4-em&Dtcsdew f iG f a&mufawmfrcl ahJ vonf/
w&m;"r® rdefY[a[m>rufawmfrljcif;
nOfOh D;,H 7-em&Dtcsed w

f iG f q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf a,m*Dy&dowftm; owdy|mefw&m;udk a[mMum;awmf
rlonf? ¤if;jyif bk&m;jrwfpmG tqH;k trawmfjzpfonfh -
oAÁygyó tu&PHç ukovókyorÜ'g?

opdwyå &da,m'yeHç {wH Ak'g¨ eomoeH/
[laom *gxmawmfuv
kd nf; xnfo
h iG ;f a[mMum;awmfro
l nfjh yif -
(1) raumif;rItukov kd [
f o
l rQ rûyMuygESi?hf
(2) ukov kd [f ol rQudk ûyMuyg?
(3) rdrpd w
d u f kd tnpftaMu;r½Sad tmif pifMu,fygap?
[laom wdwu
d sus bmomjyefoufoufukd vnf;aumif; -
tukov kd rf sm; a½Smif½mS ;y,favç

ukov
kd w f &m; jzpfymG ;pHak p?
rdrpd w
d "f mwf qGwq
f wG jf zLapç
þoH;k yg; bk&m;qH;k ray/
[laom uAsmudv
k nf;aumif; rdeYf Mum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf/
þodYk ponfjzifh a[mMum;csuftpHt

k vifukd q&mawmf t½Sit
f mobu ,d;k ',m;bmompum;jzifh jyefqkd
a[majymcJah vonf/
befaumufNrdKY 0yfr[mxyfausmif;wdkufü owdy|mef

w&m;a[mjcif;
0gqdv k qkwf 10 -&uf (10 -7-79) aeY t½kPq f rG ;f bkO;f ay;awmfrNl yD; 8-em&D rdepf 30 -wGif cReb f &l rD S
befaumufûrdY (Wat Mahadart ) 0yfr[mxyfausmif;odYk <uawmfr&l m eHeuf 10 -em&D rd epf 30 -tcsdew f iG f a&muf½dS
í aeYqGrf; bkOf;ay;awmfrlonf? aeYv,f 1 -em&D rdepf 30 -tcsdew f iG f a&muf½v
dS maom &[ef;ç ½Siçf vl y&dowf
500-cefYwdkYtm; owdy|mefw&m;awmfudk 3 -em&D rdepf 30 -wdik af tmif a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? y&dowftaygif;
ESpaf xmif;0rf;om ½Sv
d aS yonf/
r[wd,m y&dom,ç owdy|mea'o,D?

owdy|me"ar®oçk aum0da'g ax&ukOaÆ &m/
r[mrukwfoHCwuúodkvfü owdy|mefw&m;a[mjcif;
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf w&m;yGt J NyD; acwåtem;,lNyD;aemuf r[mrukwf (Mahamakut) oHCmh

wuúov kd o
f Ykd <uawmfrí l y&dowf 200 -cefYtm; owdy|mefw&m;udk twdck sKyfa[mMum;awmfrcl hJ avonf? tqdyk g
wuúodkvfü oHCmawmfrsm; oDwif;oHk;&ef txyf 5 -xyf½Sd ausmif;wausmif;½Sdí 5 -xyfteuf wxyfwiG f w&m;
xdik &f ef owfrw S x
f m;½Sad vonf? 6-em&DwiG f w&m;yGo
J rd ;f í 7-em&Dtcsed w
f iG f ,d;k ',m;omoemydik f q&mawmfEiS hf
awGYqí kH omoema&;&mrsm;udk aqG;aEG;awmfrcl ahJ vonf/
oHCydó0dZmÆ v,-rEád & ax&auoa&m?

owdy|meH {aom[dç tbmod u½kPm,kawm/
vrf;yef;<u 0yfwrtdkausmif;ü w&m;a[mjcif;
0gqdkvqkwf 11 -&uf (19 -7-79)aeY eHeufwiG f 0yfr[mxyfausmif;wdu k w

f iG f t½kPqf rG ;f bkO;f ay;awmfrl
NyD; eHeuf 6-em&D rdepf 30 -wGif vrf;yef; (Lanpang) odYk <u&ef avqdyo f Ykd<uawmfro l nf? eHeuf 8-em&DwiG f
av,mOfxu G cf mG &m 10 -em&D 45 -rdepfwiG f vrf;yef;odYk qdu
k af &mufavonf? vrf;yef;avqdyrf S q&mawmft½Sif
"r®meE´ç q&mawmft½Siyf nm0Hoç q&mawmft½Sio f moeESihf 'umç 'umrrsm;pGmwkYd vma&mufBudKqdMk uonf? 11-
em&Dtcsdewf iG f 0yfwrtdk (q&mawmft½Si"f r®meE´) ausmif;odYk a&mufawmfro l nf/ xdak usmif;rSmyif qGr;f bkO;f ay;awmf
rlonf/ nae 4 -em&Dtcsdew f iG f q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u ausmif;½So d C
H mawmfrsm;ç oDv½Sirf sm;ç 'umç 'umrrsm;tm;
0dyóemtvkyaf y;w&m;BuD; ed'gef;pwifa[mMum;awmfro l nf? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; a[mMum;NyD;aemuf t½SiZf eu m
bd0o H u qufvufa[mMum;cJah vonf? n 6-em&D 30 -rdepfwiG f w&m;yGNJ yD;onf? w&m;yGt J NyD; 'umç 'umr
taygif;wkYd u q&mawmfBuD;tm; vSLzG,0f w¬Kypön;f rsm;vSL'gef;Muonf/
0yfwrtd0k [
d ma&ydç r[mpnf,wdaoca&m?
0dyóem"r®*&d çH ta'o,d oky@dawm/
vrf;yef;0yfpDcRefausmif;ü owdy|mefw&m;a[mjcif;
0gqdvk jynfah usmf 12 -&uf (20 -7-79) aeYwiG f vrf;yef;0yfwrtdak usmif;üyif t½kPq f rG ;f bkO;f ay;awmf
rlNyD; 8-em&D 15 -rdepfrpS í vrf;yef;½Sd jrefrmbke;f BuD;ausmif;rsm;odYk <ua&mufMunf½h aI wmfrcl hJ avonf? a½S;OD;pGm
q&mawmf t½Siyf nm0Ho oDwif;oH;k &m 0yfpcD Reaf usmif;odYk <uawmfro l nf? 0yfpcD Reaf usmif;ü aeYqrG ;f bkO;f ay;awmfrl
onf? aeYv,f 2-em&D 15 -rdepftcsed w f iG f owdy|mefw&m;udk twdck sKyfa[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? xdYk aemuf
&[ef;a,m*Dç vla,m*D 60 -ausmw f Ykdu q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;tm ; zl;ajrmfuefawmhí vªz, G yf pön;f rsm; vª'gef;Mu
onf? tEkarm'em w&m;a[m a&pufoeG ;f cs trQa0NyD; nae 3 -em&D rdepf 40-wGif NyD;qH;k onf/
a,m*DZemeH pdwó
å ç 0do'k g¨ , ok"w
D rd m?
owdy|meokwEå çHÅ ta'o,d okZmwdrm/
Zif;r,f0yfarmif;rif;ausmif; a,m*Drsm;
o&P*HkoDvay;
nae 4-em&Dtcsed w f iG f ausmif;rS xGucf mG awmfrNl yD;aemuf 0gawmf 60 -ausmf½dS vrf;yef;*dP k ;f csKyf q&mawmf
BuD;ausmif;odYk <ua&mufuefawmhcahJ vonf? xdrk w S zef q&mawmfb&k m;Bu ;D ESithf zGYJ onf vrf;yef;rSZif;r,f
(Chiengmai) odYk <uawmfr&l m 96 -uDvrkd w D m c&D;udjk zwfí naeapmif;tcsdef 6-em&DwiG f qdu k af &mufawmfrcl ahJ v
onf? Zif;r,fwGif 0yfarmif;rif; ( Wat Maung Mang ) ausmif;ü wnf;cdak wmfrl cJah vonf/ xdak usmif;q&mawmf
t½SifoD&dr*Fvm (Acam Thong ) u tav;teuf 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om EIwq f ufred Yf ceG ;f >rufMum;cJah vonf? tqdyk g
ausmif;ü &[ef; 29 -yg;ç omraP 13 -yg;ESifh oDv½Sif 40 -cefY½í dS 'umç 'umrrsm;jzifh pnfyifvaS vonf?
aus;Zl;½Sirf [mpnfq&mawmf bk&m;BuD;u jyefvnfred Yf ceG ;f >rufMum;&m vrf;yef;0yfygzefausmif; q&mawmft½Sif
omoeu ,d;k ',m;bmom jyefqckd ahJ vonf? n 8 -em&D rdepf 30 -tcsed w f iG f a,m*D &[ef; y&dowf 50 -cefYEiS hf
trsdK;om; trsdK;orD; 120 -cefYwYkd tm; o&P*Hk 3-yg;ESifhwuG 5-yg;oDvcsD;jr§iahf wmfro l nf? t½SiZf eumbd0o H u
csrf;oma&; w&m;awmf (The Way to Happiness ) udk t*Fvyd v f kd a[mMum;awmfr&l m xdik ;f trsdK;orD; wOD;u
,d;k ',m;bmomjyefqckd ahJ vonf/
o&P*reOömydç yOöov
D H r[m0d'?l
Oygoukygoduw¬çH tum um½knrmeaom/
0yfwaygwm&mrü owdy|mefw&m;a[mjcif;
0gqdv k jynfah usmf 13 -&uf (21 -7-79) aeYwiG f 0yfaomifref;ausmif;ü t½kPq f rG ;f bkO;f ay;awmfrNl yD;
eHeuf 8-em&D tcsed w f iG f Zif;r,fXmecGjJ zpfonfh 0yfwaygwm&mr awm½Gm ur®|mef;ausmif;odYk <uawmfrcl ahJ vonf?
xdak usmif;ü &[ef;a,m*D 28 -yg;ç oDv½Sif 20 -OD;ESihf vla,m*D 26 -a,mufcefY ½Sad vonf? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;
onf a,m*Dw&mcefYwYkdtm; owdy|mef w&m;awmfukd twdck sKyfí a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? armfvûrdiw f iG f
BuD;jyif;vmcJah om ,d;k ',m;trsKd ;om; a,m*D OD;omqdo k u
l ,d;k ',m;b mom jyefqckd ahJ vonf? 10 -em&D rdepf 30 -
wGif w&m;yGo J rd ;f í xdak usmif;rSmyif aeYqrG ;f bkO;f ay;awmfrcl ahJ vonf/
&ar®0yfwaygwm&març axa&m oHo'k r¨ meaom?

owdy|meH a'aoodç rkeyd *k 0F 0PÖw
d /H
0yfzqifausmif;ü nDnGwfa&;w&m;a[mjcif;
f iG f 0yfwaygwm&mrrS xGucf mG cJNh yD; 0yfuspf0yf ( Wat Kyit Vut ) ausmif;

aeYrGef;vGJ 1-em&D 15 -rdepftcsdew
odYk <uawmfro S zef 0yfzqif (Wat Phasin ) odYk qufvuf<uawmfr&l m nae 3-em&DwiG f a&mufav
l nf? xdrk w
onf? tqdyk g 0yfzqifausmif;ü ]]or*¾geH wayg okacg}} tpcsDí nDnw G af &;w&m;udk a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf?
t½SiZf eum bd0o H u jrefrmbke;f awmfBuD;rsm; pmcsyHuk kd a[mMum;cJah vonf/
0yfzqify&da0aPydç 0dea, yg&rð *awm?

omr*¾D "r®H {aom [dç a'o,D a'oem0d'/l
¤if;aemuf 0yfarmif;rif;ausmif;odYk jyef<uawmfrcl ahJ vonf/
jroydwfawmifausmif;ü owdy|mefw&m;a[mjcif;
0gqdv
k jynfah usmf 14 -&uf (22 -7-79) aeYwiG f t½kPq f rG ;f bkO;f ay;NyD; eHeuf 8-em&D rdepf 30 -wGif
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ESihf wynfo h C H mrsm;onf Zif;r,frS 10 -uDvrkd w D m uGma0;onfh ,d;k ',m; jroydwaf wmif
apwDoYkd <ua&mufz;l ajrmfawmfrcl ahJ vonf? ,if;jroydwaf wmif apwDteD;ü jroydwaf wmifausmif;½So d nf?xdak usmif;
odkYvnf; <uawmfrl&m &[ef;awmf 2 0-cefYEiS hf oDv½Sit f ygt0if vla,m*D 40 -cefYwYkd u êudqv kd suf½MdS uavonf?
11-em&DwiG f qGr;f bkO;f ay;awmfrNl yD; rGe;f vGJ 1 -em&d rdepf 30 -wGif &[ef;ç ½Siçf vla,m*D y&dowf 100 -ausmfwYkd
tm; owdy|mefw&m;awmfukd tusO;f csKyf a[mMum;awmfrcl hJ avonf? 'umOD;omu ,d;k ',m; bmomjyefonf/
rPdywåaovemarç 0d[ma& okraem[a&?

owdy|meH a'o,dç a'oem ukoavm 0d'gG /
¤if;aemuf Zif;r,f0yfarmif;rif;ausmif;odYk jyef<uawmfrcl ahJ vonf? 0yfarmif;rif; ausmif;üvnf; n tcsed f

w&m;"r®jzifh a,m*DwYkdtm; cs;D ajr§mufawmfrcl ahJ vonf? þodYk ponfjzifh Zif;r,füvnf; w&m;a'oemrsm; jzefYcsD
awmfrcl ahJ vonf/
0dwmå &duH Am[kZnHç 0do|d H owdy|meH?

umrH aom Zif;r,fa'aoydç tum r[mpnft0Sa ,m/
0yfzmxausmif;ü owdy|mefw&m;a[mjcif;
0gqdkvuG,f (23 -7-79) aeY t½kPfqGrf;bkOf;ay;awmfrlNyD; eHeuf 8 -em&D rdepf 30 -wGif Zif;r,fûrdYteD;½Sd
0yfzmxausmif;odYk <uawmfro
l nf? ypämorPrsm;pGmyg½Sad vonf? 0yfZmxausmif;ü &[ef;ç ½Siçf vl a,m*D 85-OD;
wdYk tm; owdy|mefw&m;awmf tusOf;udk a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? r,fqikd ;f ûrdY ûrdYyikd b
f ek ;f BuD; t½Si0f v
d mou
,d;k ',m;bmom jyefavonf? ¤if;aemuf 10-rdepfcefY w&m;xdik af pcJah vonf/
0yfzmxy&da0aPydç owdy|meaum0da'g?
owdy|meH a'aoodç a,m*DeH oEÅ*w
k ,
då m/
z&Ak'ÿwzausmif;wdkufü
Ak'ömoemw&m;awmfa[mjcif;
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ESit
hf zGYJ onf 0yfzmxausmif;ü aeYqrG ;f bkO;f ay;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? rGe;f vGJ 1-em&D 15 -
rdepf tcsdefwGif ( Phra Buddha Patapha ) trnf½dS ausmif;wdu k of Ykd <uawmfr&l m em&D0ufcefYtMumwGif a&mufawmf
rlcahJ vonf? bk&m;jrwfpmG xdak 'oodYk a'opm&Dvn S vhf nfawmfrpl Of a&oEkyaf wmfvrS ;f onfah e&m[k tqd½k adS vonf?
xdzk &Ak'y¨ wz ausmif;wduk üf &[ef;awmf 92 -yg;ç omraP 91 -yg;½Sdavonf? ausmif;wdu k Bf uD;jzpfavonf?
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf xdak usmif;wdu k üf &[ef;ç ½Siçf vly&dowf 400 -cefYwYkdtm; Ak'o
¨ moem w&m;awmfukd
z&Ak'¨ ywza0Sç tm&mar ,wdeEáeç

Ak'o
¨ moebda",sHç "r®rdÜ ux,D ok"/D
Zif;r,fyPÖmoa&;&mausmif;a&mufjcif;
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf pmayordik ;f wGix f if½mS ;onfh Zif;r,fyPÖmoç r*Fvw¬'yD eDpaom usr;f *efrsm;a&;
om;ûypk&mausmif;odYk vnf; <ua&mufawmfrcl ahJ vonf/ ,if;ausmif;ü tv’eaf vmefazm (Allan Louph ) ESihf
oHCmawmf 5-yg; oDwif;oH;k vsuf ½Sad vonf? ¤if;aemuf 0yfarmif;rif;ausmif;odYk jyef<uawmfr&l m nae 6 -em&D
rdepf 20 -cefYwiG f jyefvnfa&muf½adS wmfrcl ahJ vonf? n 8-em&Dtcsdew
f iG f wausmif;vH;k ½Sd &[ef;ç ½Siçf vl
taygif;wdYk u q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;t m; uefawmh ylaZmfv'ª gef;Muonf? þodYk ponfjzifh jrefrmjynf rEÅav;ûrdYBuD;
wrQ omoemxGe;f um;onfh Zif;r,fûrdYBuD;ü q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf tm;&½Tiv f ef;pGm w&m;"r®a[mjyí omoemh
ordik ;f t&yf&yfukd avhvmawmfrl cJah vonf/
Zifr,fa'aorEknrSdç tEkn"r®a'oeH?
yumaowGm 0dp&dwmG ç tum omoeum&d,/H
befaumufodkYjyef<ujcif;
n 8-em&D rdepf 30 -tcsed cf efYwiG f wnf;cd&k mausmif;rS xGucf mG awmfrMl uNyD; ta0;ajy;c&D;onf wifaqmif
aom armfawmf,mOf ( Deluxe Coach ) jzifh n 9 -em&DwiG f befaumufoYkd pD;eif;vdu k yf gcJ&h m aemufwaeY eHeuf 5 -
em&D 45 -rdepftcsed w
f iG f befaumufûrdYoYkd a&mufawmfrcl ahJ vonf? Zif;r,fEiS b
hf efaumuf uDvrkd w D m 720 -a0;uGm
onf[k od&avonf/
r[mpnfrPDod ,wdy*k aF 0g? bm&wD u0D[d twdoEk a´ &m/

um&,D rm&ZD ,wdyAk aÁ um? omoeH aZmweH tbdoAk aÁ wm/
&[ef;ç ½Sifç vl 1500-cefYtm; owdy|mefw&m;a[mjcif;
0gacgifvqef; 1-&uf (24 -7-79) aeY eHeuf 0yfr[mxyfausmif;odYk a&muf½NdS yD;aemuf t½kPfqGrf;ç
aeYqrG ;f bkO;f ay;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? rGe;f vGJ 2-em&D 15 -rdepfwiG f q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf &[ef;ç ½Siçf vly&dowf
1500-cefYwYkd tm; w&m;a[mMum;awmfr&l m q&mawmf t½Si0f v d mou ,d;k ',m;bmom jyefqckd ahJ vonf? nae 4 -
em&D 45 -rdepfwiG f w&m;yGJ ½kyo f rd ;f cJah vonf? &[ ef;ç ½Siçf vla,m*Dtaygif;wdYk rsm;pGmESpaf xmif; 0rf;om½SMd uav
onf/
okwmG e ax&aoa|eç bmodwH "r®rw k rå ?H

orÜwmå orÜarm'EÅçd [dwma'EÅd okcEÅpd /
cRefbl&D0da0utpkrfü oDvay;w&m;a[mjcif;
0gacgifvqef; 2-&uf (25-7-79) aeYwiG f eHeuf t½kPqf rG ;f bkO;f ay;awmfrNl yD; eHeuf 8 -em&DwiG f cReb
f &l D
odYk <uawmfro
l nf? q&mawmft½Sitf mob \ ausmif;'umtdrüf qGr;f bkO;f ay;awmfrNl yD; 0da0utpkrf (Viveka
Asom) ausmif;odkY nae 3 -em&D 30 -rdepf jyefvn fa&muf½SdawmfrlcJhavonf? 6-em&D rdepf 30 -wGif y&dowftm;
5-yg;oDvç 8-yg;oDv toD;oD;ay;awmfrNl yD; owdy|mefw&m;awmfukd a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? t½Sio f moeu
,d;k ',m;bmom jyefqakd vonf/
0da0utpkr0f [
d ma&ç yk*aF 0g ,wdyAk aÁ um?
"r®H aom a'o,dwmG eç a,m*Daem awmo,d [d acg/
csrf;oma&;w&m;a[mtNyD; yifv,furf;ajctyef;ajz<u
0gacgifvqef; 3-&ufaeY (26 -7-79) aeYwiG f a':araryk polwYkd v'ª gef;onfh t½kPq f rG ;f ç aeYqrG ;f bkO;f
ay;awmfrNl yD; rGe;f vGJ 2-em&Dtcsed w
f iG f csr;f oma&;w&m;awmfukd a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf? t½Sio f moeu
,d;k ',m; bmomjyefonf? nae 3-em&D 30 -wGif w&m;odr;f NyD;aemuf 4-em&Dtcsed cf efYwiG f yifv,furf;ajcodYk
tyef;ajzpcef;<uí acwåtyef;ajzawmfrNl yD; cRefb&l o D Ykd jyef<uvm&m 7-em&D rdepf 30-wGif a&muf½Sdavonf/
ac'H aom 0daem'em,ç ork'w ´ &D r*rd?

rk[w
k Hå aom 0odwmG eç ypöm*rd ,wdóa&m/
&efukefjyef<uawmfrljcif;
0gacgifvqef; 4-&uf (27 -7-79) aeYwiG f cReb f &l 0D ad 0utpkraf usmi ;f ü t½kPq f rG ;f bkO;f ay;awmfrNl yD;
eHeuf 7-em&D rdepf 50 -wGif befaumufoYkd xGucf mG awmfro l nf? eHeuf 10 -em&DwiG f befaumuf0yfr[mxyf
ausmif;odYk a&mufawmfro l nf? OD;cifarmifped Ef iS hf a':trm&DwYkdu aeYqrG ;f uyfvMª uNyD; rwf&yfem&DBuD;ponfh vªz, G f
0w¬Krsm;pGmwdYk ukd vª'gef;Muonf? xdrk w S zef yifah vQmufojzifh 'um OD;ode;f xGe;f -a':araryk wdYk trd f <ua&mufcsD;
ajr§mufNyD; nae 3-em&DwiG f &efuek jf yef<u&ef befaumuf avqdyo f Ykd <uawmfro l nf? &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;pGmESihf
oH½;kH rdom;pkEiS w hf uG rsm;pGmaom 'umç 'umrrsm;pGmwdYk u vdu k yf g ydYk aqmifMuonf? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ESit hf zGYJ
onf nae 6-em&D rdepf 55 -tcsdef wGif befaumufrx S u G cf mG onfh bDatpDjrefrmh avaMumif;aumfyakd &;½Si;f
av,mOfjzifv h ukd yf gawmfrcl &hJ m &efuek f r*Fvm'Hak vqdyo f Ykd n 7-em&D rdepf 30 -cefYwiG f acsmarmpGm qdu k af &muf
awmfrcl ahJ vonf? q&mawmf bk&m;BuD; \ urÇmYomoemûy vkyif ef;onf rsm;pGmatmifjrifcahJ vonf/
taeauok 0doa,okç omoeH aZmweH u&D?

y@dawm edyak Pm ÓPDç r[mpnf u0dauo&D/
&efukefomoemh&dyfomodkY a&muf½Sdawmfrljcif;
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ESit hf zGYJ ukd wynfw

h yef; &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;ç Ak'o ¨ moemEk*[ ¾ tzGYJ csKyfç [dawoDtzGYJ ç
trsdK;orD;-a,m*Dapmifah ½Smufa&;tzGYJ rsm;ESihf csrf;ajrh&yd o
f m trIaqmiftzGYJ EiS hf tjcm;yk*Kd¾ vfrsm;pGmwdYk r*Fvm'Hak v
,mOfuiG ;f odYk oGm;a&mufêudqMkd uonf/
8-yg;oDvay;ç EIwfcGef;qufMo0g'>rufMum;jcif;
n 8-em&Dtcsdew f iG f aus;Zl;½Sirf [mpnf q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ESit hf zGYJ onf omoemh&yd o f modYk tpDt&Dum;
rsm;jzifh qdu
k af &mufvmawmfrcl &hJ m a,m*Dy&dowfwYkdonf wnfNidrpf mG vuftyk cf srD kd ; ½Scd ;kd uefawmhMuonf? &dyo f m
y&d0Pk w f ckv;kH udv
k nf; rD;a&mifprkH sm; n§xd eG ;f xm;½So
d jzifh MunfE;l zG,af umif;vSaom[l \? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf
c&D;a&mufrqdu k f yifyef;rIukd y"merxm;yJ rdepf 20 -cefY toifêh udqakd pmifq h ikd ;f aeaom a,m*Dy&dowftm; 8-
yg;oDv ay;awmfrNl yD;vQif atmufygtwdik ;f EIwcf eG ;f qufMo0g'udk rdeYf >rufawmfrcl ahJ vonf/
q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ EIwfcGef;quf Mo0g'rdefYcGef;
bke;f BuD;wdYk jyefvmwmudk 'Dupdwyf gvufygeJY êudqakd eMuwmawG trsm;BuD;

awGY&w,f? av,mOfysXH merSm 'Davmufrsm;rsm; ½Sv d rd f rh ,fvYkd rxifb;l ? &dyo
f mrSmawmh
awmfawmfrsm;rsm; ½Sv
d rd rhf ,fvYkd xifygw,f? ckawmh av,mOfysHXmeudk trsm;BuD;vmae
Muwmud;k ? av,mOfysXH merSmudk trsm;BuD; awGY&wmud;k /
urÇmYomoemûyw&m;awmfqNkd yD;awmh bke;f BuD;wdYk avQmufNyD; a[mvmcJMh uwm

{NyD 1-&ufaeYupNyD; ,aeYZv l ikd f 27 -&ufaeYtxd av;veD;yg;½So d mG ;NyD? omoemûy
oGm;Muwmç tppt&m&m taMumif;nDnw G yf gw,f? 'Du Ak'o ¨ moemEk*[ ¾ tzGYJ 0if
yk*Kd¾ vfawGuvJ oifah vsmfatmif aqmif½u G af y;MuvdYk Ak'o¨ moemawmfukd ½dak oav;
pm;wJh qdkif&myk*dK¾ vfawGuvJ tm;ay; ulnDMuvdkY c sr;f csr;f omomeJY oGm;Mu&ygw,f?
(tqifajyygw,f) a&muf&m a&muf&mrSmvJ Ak'o ¨ moemawmfukd ½dak oav;pm;wJh
yk*Kd¾ vfawG tawmftoifah wmh awGY&ygw,f? wcsdKYae&mawGrmS qd, k if bke;f BuD;wdYk u
tJ'aD vmufawmif rarQmfvifyh gbl;? awmfawmf rsm;rsm;awGY&ygw,f? tJ'D a&muf&m
XmerSm oifah wmfww hJ &m;vJyJ a[mMu&ygw,f? 'Du OD;nDneD YJ OD;omEd;k wdYk bmomjyef
wJh w&m;uav;awGuygwmeJY t*Fvyd v f zkd wfjyNyD;awmhvJ a[m&ygw,f? wcsdKYuvJ
jrefrmvdyk J emcsifw,f? 'geJY jrefrmvdv k J enf;enf;yg;yg; a[m&ygw,f? wcgw&Hus
awmh bkef;BuD;u enf;enf;a[mNyD;awmh O ;D Zeuudk rsm;rsm;a[mcdik ;f &ygw,f? olu
vJyJ t*Fvyd v f akd [mwm ajymwmawG awmfawmfuRr;f usiyf gw,f? tpuawmh
bke;f BuD;u 'DavmufrausyeG b f ;l vdYk atmufarhw,f? [du k sawmhrS olu ajymyHq k ykd akH &m
wm0efausyGeyf gw,f? wcsdKY ar;jref;wmawG½w dS ,f? wcsdKYu toHuav; enf;enf;
uav;yJ Mum;&w,f? tJ'gvJ ajzMum;Edik yf gw,f? awmfawmf[efuswmyJ? a&muf&m
XmeawGrmS pdw0f ifpm;wJyh *k Kd¾ vfawG awmfawmf rsm;rsm;½SMd uygw,f? w&m;vJ ½d½k kd
aoao av;av;pm;pm; tm;xkww f ohJ al wG tawmftoifah wmh½ydS gw,f/
'gayr,fv h Ykd Ak'b ¨ mom Edik if aH wGeYJ EdiI ;f pmMunf, h ifawmh tifrwef tm;enf;
ygao;w,f? tJ'ED ikd if aH wGrmS omoemûya&mufaewJh ax&0g'&[ef;awGvyJ J wcsdKYawGY
&ygw,f? ,d;k ',m;(xdik ;f ) Edik if u H ç uarÁm'D;,m;(urfy;l csm;) Edik if u H ç oD[Vkd f
(oD&v d uFm)u tJ'v D Ekd ikd if u
H yk*Kd¾ vfawG awGY&ygw,f? jrefrmjynfuawmh t* v F efrS
OD;a&0w"r®wyg;yJ awGY&ygw,f? tJ'v D kd a&muf&m a&muf&mawGrmS Ak'o ¨ moemudk
ûypkaeMuwJh yk*Kd¾ vfawGawGY&wJt h wGuf 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omygw,f? bke;f BuD;wdYk a[mwJh
w&m;awGukd av;pm;wJyh *k Kd¾ vfawGrsm;ygw,f? ,d;k ',m;uqdv k Ykd ½,
dS if ]]0yfr[mxyf}}
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[drk mS vTwx f m;&w,f? jrefrmvdk 1314 -ckEpS u f ygyJ? tJ'u D wnf;u ,d;k ',m;udk
a&mufaew,f? 0yfr[mxyfausmif;u tm;xkww f m awmfawmftqift h wef; jrifw
h ,f?
olwYkd qu D 'DrmS vmNyD;tm;xkww f hJ r[maZmxkwq f w kd hJ ud,
k af wm u
f vJ awmfawmf
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bke;f BuD;eJYrawGYc&hJ bl;? olwYkd qu D tm;xkww f hJ yk*Kd¾ vfawGu tar&duefwYkd t*FvefwYkd
Oa&mywdYk a&mufNyD; a[majymaeMuw,f? tifrwef0rf;omygw,f? olwYkdu 'Denf;
edosawG a[majy maeMuw,f? tcsdKYuvJ tjcm;enf;edosawG a[majymaewm½Sw d maygh
av? tJ'gawG bke;f BuD;wdYk u wwfEikd o f rQ [drk mS a[mcJ&h ygw,f? ae&mXmeaygif;vJ
awmfawmfrsm;ygw,f? awmfawmfEYHSEYHSpyfpyfvJ oGm;&w,f? [du k yk*Kd¾ vfawGuvJ
bke;f BuD;wdYk csr;f csr;f omomoGm;&atmif oifah vsmo f v kd tppt&m&mpDpOfay;Muw,f?
av,mOfysHeYJ oifah vsmf,if av,mOfysHeYJ ç um;eJY oifah vsmf,if um;eJY ydYk ay;MuvdYk
csrf;csrf;omomeJY bke;f BuD;wdYk oGm;&ygw,f? tJ't D ar&duefrmS vJ Xmeaygif;awmf
awmfrsm;ygw,f? Oa&myeJY paumhwvefbufrmS Xmeaygif; ydNk yD;rsm;ygw,f? tJ'XD me
awG taMumif;uawmh rSww f rf;a&;vmwJh yk*Kd¾ vfawG&YJ qE´t&azmfjyrS aphaphpyfpyf
em;vnfEikd rf mS yg/
tckawmh EIwq f uftaeeJYajym&wmyJ? [dEk ikd if u H bke;f BuD;wdYk a[majymwJh

w&m;awG Mum;emMu&vdYk tm;&0rf;omMuw,f? 'gayr,fh tjcm;Edik if rH sm;rSmawmh 'DrmS
vdyk &dowfu rrsm;bl;? tckjrefrmEdik if rH mS awmh tm;xkww f hJ yk*Kd¾ vfawG tifrwef
rsm;wmyJ? tifrwef0rf;omp&m aumif;ygw,f? 'DrmS bke;f BuD;wdYk [d[ k 'kd 'D D vdu
k af [m
wJth cgrSmvJ y&dowf ESpaf xmifo;kH axmif½w dS ,f? [dw k aeYu 0yfr[mxyfausmif;wdu k f
u OykofaeYjzpfwJhtwGuf v uG,faeYayghç bkef;BuD;wdkY&ufeJYqdk,if 0gacgifvqef; 1 -
&ufaeYaygh? tJ'rD mS Oykoo f nfawGa&m tjcm;olawGa&m w&m;emMuwm awmfawmfrsm;
ygw,f? (2000)eD;yg;avmuf ½Syd &kH w,f? [dZk ifr,fe,fxu J awmifay:XmewckrmS vJ
y&dowfawG tawmfrsm;ygw,f?tJ'rD mS vJ w&m;tm;xkww f hJ ur®|me ;f ausmif;awGvyJ J
150-avmuf½w dS ,fvYkd od&w,f? ausmif;MuD;awGawmh r[kwyf gbl;? ausmif;uav;
awGygyJ? jrefrmjynfavmufawmh tm;xkww f yhJ *k K¾d vfrsm;w,fvYkdrqked ikd yf gbl;?jrefrmjynf
uawmh tifrwefrsm;wmygyJ? 'Du Ak'o ¨ moemEk*[ ¾ tzGYJ u aeNyD;owif;awGyYkdxm;vdYk
[duk ar;wJh tcgumvrSmbke;f BuD;wdYk u ajym&w,f? jrefrmjynf omoemh &dyo f mrSm
w&m;tm;xkww f hJ yk*Kd¾ vfawG b,favmuf½w dS ;kH vdYk wcsdKYuar;w,f? 'Dubke;f BuD;wdYk
[dak &mufaewke;f pmawG ydYk xm;wm½dyS gw,f? a,m*D 400 -ausmf avmuf½ydS gw,f?
enf;wJt h cgrSm 400? 400 -ausmf½w dS m od&w,f vdYk ajymcJw h ,f? rsm;wJt h cgrSmawmh
rESpuf oBuFe&f uftwGi;f u a,m*D 1600 -½Sw d ,f? 'DEpS af wmh [du k pmawG ydYk ay;vdu k f
wmeJY a,m*D 2000 -ausmf½w dS ,fqwkd m ajymawmh [du k yk*Kd¾ vfawGu tifrwef tHMh o
Muygw,f? Ak'o ¨ moemawmftwGuf tm;&0rf;omjzpfMuygw,f/
tJ'aD wmh 'DrmS w&m;tm;xkwaf eMuwJo h al wG tifrwef0rf;omp&maumif;

w,f? taMumif;nDnw G v
f Ykd tm;xkwMf u&wm[m ud, k t hf wGuv f J 0rf;omp&maumif;
w,f? omoemawmf twGuv f 0J rf;omp&m aumif;ygw,f? tJ'g aemuf&uf aemuf
&ufawGusrS taMumif;tm;avsmpf mG azmfjya[m&OD;rSmyJ? ,ckawmh EIwq f uftae eJYyJ
MumMumcsn;f a[mvdYk rawmfygbl;? 'Davmufqjkd ynfph ykH gNyD? [drk mS wmh n 8-em&D
avmufupa[m,if wem&D wem&Dausmaf vmuf a[mygw,f? 9-em&dausmfrS NyD;yg
w,f? 'gayr,fh taemufEikd if aH wGrmS awmh awmfawmfeYJ aer0ifao;bl;? 10 -em&D
avmufrS ae0ifwmud;k ? eHeuf 4-em&D av mufq, kd if vif;wmyJ? 2-em&D 3-em&D
avmufyJ arSmifvu kd wf ,f? wae&mrSmu ]]aemfa0;}} vm;? tJ'rD mS awmh arv 14 -&uf
uaeNyD; Zlvikd v f 30 -&uftxd aer0ifb;l vdYk qdyk gw,f? tJ'D ae&m bke;f BuD;wdYk u
oGm;Munfzh Ykd A[kow k aeeJY oGm;zdYk pwd u f ;l w,f? 'gayr,fh ra&mufcyhJ gbl;? t*Fvef
a&mufomG ;awmh w&m;a[mNyD; n 9-em&Dausmaf tmifawmif aeudjk rifae&wmvJ
½Sw
d ,f? 'gayr,fh rd;k rIeaf wGu rjywfjzpfaewm rsm;ygw,f/ wdraf wGz;kH aeawmh
[dak emfa0;rSm aevJjrifrmS r[kwb f ;l ? 'gaMumifh tJ'aD emfa0;udk roGm;cJyh gbl;? aeyGiahf e
wJth cgrSmawmh [drk mS n 9-em&Dausmaf omfvJ aer0ifao;bl;? n 10 -em&Dausmf
avmuf 11 -em&DavmufrmS tdy&f ygw,f? tJ'g[m aeYpOfvv kd jkd zpfaeygw,f?'gayr,fh
aevdkYxdkifvdkYuawmh tqifajyygw,f? 'Dawmh tckn 8 -em&Dcq JG w
kd m[m [du
k taeeJY
awmh apmygao;w,f? 'gayr,fh 'DutjrifeYJ qakd wmh arSmifaeNyD? 'g aMumifh 'DuaeY
EIwcf eG ;f qufw&m; 'gavmufeYJ awmfygNyD/
bke;f BuD;wdYk a[majymcJwh mawG tm½Hûk yMujcif;ç ½d½k akd oaoeJY vma&mufz;l ajrmf
uefawmhMujcif; tp½Sad om þaumif;rI ukov kd u
f aH wGaMumifh ab;&eftEÅ&m,f[l
orQwdYk rS tcgcyford ;f uif;vGwNf idr;f Mu a0;uGm Muí rdrw d Ykd prG ;f Edik o
f rQ tm;xkwMf u
ojzifh qif;&Jcyford ;f Nidr;f &mjzpfaom edAmÁ efw&m;udk vsijf refpmG qdu k af &mufí rsuf
arSmufûyEdik Mf uygap/
om"k om"k om"k

xdkif;ç jyifopfç t*Fvefç oD&dvuFmç puFmyl

5-EdkifiH omoemjyK c&D;<ujyefjcif;
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf bk&m;jrwfpmG omoemawmfBuD; urÇmYtESYH tjym; wnfw&hH ef qE´jyif;jyawmfrl

onf? odkYESifh 1341 -ckEpS f e,kev f jynfah usmf 5-&uf (29 -5-80) aeYrS 'kw, d 0gqdv
k qef; 1-&uf 23 -&-80
aeYtxd xdik ;f Edik if H (,d;k ',m;Edik if )H jyif opfEikd if çH t*FvefEikd if çH oD&v
d uFmEdik if çH puFmylEikd if [
H al om ig;Edik if w
H Ykd ukd
u½kPma½S;½I <uawmfrí l 0dyóemw&m;awmfrsm; a[majymjyo omoemûy<uawmfrcl ahJ vonf/
'GgoDwdrydkif;
eDaygEdik if H
eDayg (Nepal) Edik if o

H nf [dr0EÅmawmifajc&if;wGif wnf½o dS nf? ajrmufbufwiG f wdAufjynfEiS hf [dr0EÅm
awmifwef; wnf½o dS nf? ta½SYbufwiG f tdE, d́ Edik if EH iS hf blwefEikd if ½H o
dS nf? awmifbufEiS hf taemufbufonf
tdE, d´ Edik if H ajrmufbufe,ferd w d Ef iS hf qufpyfvsuf½adS vonf? urÇmay:wGi f tjrifq h ;kH awmifxyd t
f jzpf xif½mS ;aom
ayaygif; (29002) jrifah om {0&wfawmifxyd o f nf eDaygEdik if H e,ferd w d f twGi;f ü wnf½adS vonf? eDaygEdik if H \
ûrdYawmfonf cwårE´Kjzpfí [dr0EÅmawmifapmif;½Sd tvsm; rdik f 15 -rdik f teH 20 -rdik f us,af om qifajcavsm
ajrjyefYay:wGif wnf½o dS nf? eDaygEdik if o
H nf pwk&ef;rdik f 54362 -rdik f us,0f ef;avonf? [dEL´ bmom0ifrsm;pGm½SNd yD;
r[m,me Ak'b ¨ mom0ifrsm;ç ax&0g'Ak'b ¨ mom0ifrsm;vnf; ½Sad vonf? ,if;ax&0g'Ak'b ¨ mom0ifrsm;xJwiG f
&efuek ûf rdY r[mpnf omoemh&yd o f mü w&m;tm;xkwo f mG ;aom &[ef;ç ½Siçf vl rs m;pGmyg0ifavonf/
eDayg0So&k |H emrç [drmv, orDyau?

oP²w d H emem0g'D[çd oHuP
d HÖ aombeH [d a0/
owdy|mefw&m; a[majymMujcif;
ouú&mZf 1322 -ckEpS w

f iG f eDaygEdik if rH S eDaygoDv½Sif a':ok"r®0wDEiS hf jrefrmoDv½Sif a':*kP0wDwYkd onf
&efuek ûf rdY r[mpnf omoemh&yd of modYk vma&mufMuNyD; w&m;tm;xkwMf uum eDaygEdik if o H Ykd jyefa&mufaomtcg
r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;\ Oyedó, enf;eme,twdik ;f owdy|mefw&m;awmfukd a[mMum;jyoMuavonf?
¤if;jyif eDayg&[ef;awmf t½Sio f rk *FvESihf t½SiÓ f PykPudÖ wdYk onfvnf; jrefrmEdik if H r[mpnfomoemh&yd o f m
<ua&mufí w&m;tm;xkwMf uNyD; eDaygEdik if üH w&m;"r®a[mjyMuavonf? ¤if;jyif 1341 -ckEpS f wydYk wv JG wGiv f nf;
eDaygoDv½Sif a':ok"r®0wDEiS hf eDayg&[ef;awmf t½Sit f óaCmowdYk OD;aqmifaom eDaygt rsdK;om;ç trsdK;orD;
oH;k q,fih g;OD;wdYk onfvnf; &efuek ûf rdY r[mpnf omoemh&yd o f mü wvausmcf efY 0dyóemw&m; tm;xkwo f mG ;Mu
avonf? ¤if;wdYk onfvnf; eDaygEdik if üH 0dyóemw&m;awmfrsm; a[majymMuav&m r[mpnfq&mawmfBuD; \
enf;eme, 0dyóem"r®onf eDaygEdik if üH vGepf mG ysHYEYS cH ahJ vonf/
tBudrfBudrfyifhavQmufMujcif;
azmfjyyg yk*Kd¾ vfrsm;onf &efuek f omoemh&yd o f mü w&m;tm;xkwNf yD;í tjyefwiG f q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;tm;
oifah vsmfaom tcsdet f cgwGif eDaygEdik if o
H Ykd ud,
k af wmfwikd f <ua&mufcsD;ajr§muf w&m;"r®a[mjyawmfr&l ef avQmuf
xm;cJMh uavonf? ¤if;wdYk aemuf rsm;rMumrD eDaygEdik if H vkredÁ pD rD u H ed ;f Ouú| rpöwmvk'g;qefonfvnf; &efuek ûf rdYoYkd
eDaygbk&if\ yPÖmawmfrsm; Xmyemrnfh apwDawmftw k jf rpfcsyw
JG iG f a&mufvm&m r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;xH
a&mufvmNyD; eDaygEdik if oH Ykd <ua&mufyg&efx yfraH vQmufxm; cJah vonf/
Ak'ömoemEk*¾[tzGJYcsKyftm; wm0efay;jcif;
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf ,if;wdYk tBudrBf udrf avQmufxm;csuu f kd ESpo

f ufMunfjzL vufcaH wmfru
l m 1342
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¨ moemEk*[
¾ tzGYJ csKyftm; eDaygEdik if H omoemûy<u&mü vdt k yfonfh udpt
ö 00udak qmif
½Gu&f ef wm0efay;tyfawmfral vonf/
w&m;awmfrsm; BudKwifpDpOfjcif;
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf tar&duefEikd if H <upOfu urÇmYomoemûy w&m;awmf yxrydik ;f udk êudwifa&;

om; pDpOfawmfro
l uJo
h Ykd eDaygEdik if aH &mufvQif a[mawmfrl &ef-
1/ Ak'M¨ o0g'w&m;awmfç
2/ bk&m;uk, d w
f ikd ½f eI nf;w&m;awmfç
3/ opömav;yg;w&m;awmfç
rsm;yg0ifaom urÇmYomoemûyw&m;awmf 'kw, d ydik ;f udk pD&ifawmfrcl ahJ vonf ? ,if;w&m;awmfrsm;udk jrefrmEdik if o
H Ykd
a&muf½v dS maomtpd;k & "r®p&d,bGYJ & eDayg&[ef;awmf t½SiÓ f PykPu dÖ tm; eDaygbmomjyefqí
kd pmtkyt
f jzpf ½du k f
ESyd &f ef wm0efay;tyfawmfrcl ahJ vonf/
r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ omoemjyKtzGJY
r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD; OD;aqmifaom eDaygomoemûytzGYJ wiG f -
1/ aus;Zl;½Sif r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ç

2/ ur®|mep&d, em,uq&mawmf t½Sio f 0H &ç
3/ omoe"Zod&yD 0&"r®mp&d, &efuek ûf rdY ykZeG af wmif jrode;f wefausmif;wdu k rf S q&mawmf
t½Siaf ombeç
4/ omoe"Z"r®mp&d, eDayg&[ef;awmf t½SifÓPykPÖduç
5/ Ak'o¨ moemEk*[ ¾ tzGYJ csKyf 'kw, d Ouú| (1) a'gufwm OD;buav;ç
6/ Ak'o¨ moemEk*[ ¾ tzGYJ *kPx f ;l aqmif trIaqmif vlBuD;rif; r*FvmOD;atmifjrifçh
7/ r[mpnfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;\ uyÜ, d um&u OD;jrode;f ç
8/ yef;om½ky½f iS f 'g½du k wf m rSww f rf;wif½yk ½f iS t
f zGYJ wm0efcH OD;xGe;f &Dç
9/ rSww f rf;wif½yk ½f iS tf zGYJ uifr&mrif; tu,f'rD OD;prf;armifç tm;jzifh tzGYJ 0if 9 -OD;wdYk
yg0ifcahJ vonf/
r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD; eDaygEdkifiHodkY <uawmfrlNyD
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avqdyfrS jyefvnfxu G cf mG &m umvuwåm; avqdyo f Ykd aeYv,f 12 -em&DausmfavmufwiG f a&muf½cdS ahJ vonf/
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f nfth wGuf eDaygbk&ifah vaMumif; ukrP
Ü yD ikd f av,mOfwpif;jzifh ta&;ay:pDpOfNyD; umvuwåm;
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a&muf½cdS ahJ vonf/
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r[mpnfax&ukOeÆ çH Ak'o
¨ moeum&"H/
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f ikd ½f eI nf;w&m;awmfrsm;ç opöm
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yk*Kd¾ vfrsm;vnf; cdik Nf rJpmG MunfñMkd uavonf/
cwårE´Kya'aoydç r[mpnfuxdawm r[m?

ZemeH "r®awma,eç awmomayod taeu"m/
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awmfro
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awmfBuD;\ taemufawmifbufwiG ½f dS aom tmeE´muk#d txufwef;Ak'b ¨ momausmif;wGif ausmif;om; ausmif;ol
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f iG f q&maw mfb&k m;BuD;ESihf wynfh
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½Gwí
f csD;ajr§mufawmfrcl ahJ vonf/
bwåmEkarm'e"r®Oçö y&dwHå omoaem*"H?

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d m&odYk <ua&mufawmf
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½Siaf wmfjrwfb&k m;onf ud,k af wmfw ikd uf sifch í
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d m&u q&mawmftjzpf yg0if aqmif½u G f
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eDaygAk'b ¨ mom0ifwYkd q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;tm; vma&mufyal ZmfMuonf? q&mawmf bk&m;BuD;onf owdy|mefw&m;
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b'Éo
Å rk *Fvóç y&da0aP raem&ar?
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f mG Aaeyg;
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BuD;wGif ax&0g'Ak'a¨ usmif;awmfaygif;rsm;pGm ½Sad vonf? q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf oDvay; Mo0g'w&m;
0dyóem½Ienf;a[mNyD; 3-rdepfcefY w&m;xdik af pawmfrcl ahJ vonf/
Aaeyg; *graoa|ydç aoa|m y@dwukOaÆ &m?

A[a0g "r®uxm,ç oEÅayÜod taeu"m/
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onf/
okaAm"meEáx&óç tm&mar ,wdeEáe?

"ar®m'aue awmaoodç "r®umar taeu"m/
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xdak eYaeYqrG ;f udk "r®uw d 0då [

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aemufq;kH yGjJ zpfavonf/
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k HÖ uwGmç uaxod uxdawm r[m/
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wydYk wvJG jynfah usmf 11 -&ufaeY eHeufwiG f t½kPq

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a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ vonf/
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BuD;onf vkreÁ pD rD u
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q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; &efuek rf x

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ayg&mPH yk&H uydv -0w¬KrÜd ,wdaoca&m?

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k m
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aumif;pGmjzpfjcif; ½Sad wmfral yaom jrwfpmG bk&m;/
5/ avmu0d='l avmu \ taMumif;t&mtvH;k pHu

k kd tuket
f pifojd rifawmfral yaom
jrwfpmG bk&m;/
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qH;k jzpfawmfral yaom jrwfpmG bk&m;/
(c) yk&o
d 'r®om&xd= ,Ofaus;vdrm® ynmtod r½SMd uao; rjynf0h ao;í qH;k r
ay;xdu
k af om yk*Kd¾ vfwYkd tm; qH;k roGeo
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l wfí vlewf
wdYk \ q&mjrwf jzpfawmfral yaom jrwfpmG bk&m;/
8/ Aka'¨g=w&m;tvH;k pHu
k kd tukeo
f ad wmfral yaom jrwfpmG bk&m;/
9/ b*0g= bke;f awmfteEÅç uHawmfteEÅç ÓPfawmfteEÅç wefc;kd awmfteEÅwYkd EiS hf vH;k 0

OóHk jynfph akH wmfral yaom jrwfpmG bk&m;/
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bk&m;*kPfawmf 9-yg;½Scd ;kd NyD;\/
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1-t&[H*kPfawmf 5-yk'f
1/ vGeu
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f u dk yf gcJah om udavomtavhtvm txH0k goemESihf
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d pd mä
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5-avmu0d'l*kPfawmf 2-yk'f
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d jrift
h jrwfq;kH jzpfawmfral omaMumifh &awmfral om tEkwå
a&m yk&o
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csr;f omjzpfz,
G &f m taMumif;wdYk jzifh aumif;aumif;nTejf y BuD;us,af omvHYk vjzifh qH;k rawmfrw l wfonfh q&mjrwf
tppf wyg;wnf; jzpfawmfral omaMumif h &awmfral om owåma'0rEkómeH[al om trnfawmfemr/y/jrwfpmG bk&m;/
2/ 'jrç cd;k olç awmyke;f [laom c&D;cJwnf;[laom apm&uEÅm&ç jcaoFçh 0Hç usm; om;&Jrsm;aom c&D;cJ
wnf;[laom 0gVuEÅm&ç aomufa&oH;k a& ½Sm;yg;vSaom c&D;cJwnf;[laom ed½'k uuEÅm&ç opfo;D opf½u G frSpí
tpmtm[m&½Sm;yg;vSaom c&D;cJwnf;[laom tyÜbu©uEÅm&ç vlom;pm;MuL; bDv;l obufaygrsm;onfh c&D;cJ
wnf;[laom trEkóuEÅm&tm;jzifh ig;yg;aom c&D;cJc&D;cufwYkd rS rvGwx f u G Ef ikd yf J qif;&JnpfErG ;f yifyef;aeaom
vSn;f ukeo f nfwYkd ukd xdck &D;cJ c&D;cufwYkd rS vGwx
f u
G Ef kd ifatmif xkwaf qmifraES; &efab;uif;y at;jrom,mûrdU
jynf½mG odYk aumif;pGmaqmifyYkd onfh ulwYkd O;D pD;vSn;f rª; acgif;aqmifBuD;yrm topftopf tzeftzef jzpf&rIrpJonfh
c&D;cJreS pf mG oHo&mwnf; [laom ZmwduEÅm&ç tzefzef,, kd iG ;f í tdrk if;aqG;jrnf&h rI rpJonfh c&D;cJreS pf mG oHo&m
wnf;[laom Z&muEÅm&ç tzefzefruse;f rrmzsm;em &rIrpJonfh c&D;cJreS pf mG oHo&mwnf;[laom Asm"duEÅm&ç
tzefzef cE¨mud, k yf suûf yef;í aoqH;k &rIrpJonfh c&D;cJreS pf mG oHo&mwnf;[laom r&PuEÅm&tm;jzifh av;yg;aom
oHo&ma&0J c&D;cuf c&D;cJwYkdü qif;&JepfreG ;f vsuf yify ef;aeaom jA[®mewfvl oH;k bHo k w l Ykdukd MunfjzLat;jr
ab;uif;yonfh trwpcef; jynfeAd mÁ efjreef;odYk wufvrS ;f 0ifzYkd xkwaf qmifyYkdojzifh ewfvw l Ykd \q&m owå0gwdYk \
emx r[mem,u OD;pD;trª;BuD; jzpfawmfral omaMumifh &awmfral om ow¬ma'0rEkómeH [laom trnfawmfemr/
y/jrwfpmG bk&m;/
8-(9) Ak'¨*kPfawmf 5-yk'f
1/ opömav;yg; cyford ;f aomw&m;wdYk ukd ydik ;f jcm;use ud,

k af wmfwikd o
f &d í a0ae,srsm;pGm owå0gwdYk tm;
a[mMum;odapawmfral omaMumifh &awmfral om Ak'[ ¨ al omtrnfawmfemr/y/jrwfpmG bk&m;/
2/ ocFg&ç 0dum &ç vu©Pç edAmÁ efç ynwftm;jzifh aÚ,s"Hw&m; ig;yg; odoifo h x
d u
kd af om w&m;wdYk ukd
ydik ;f jcm;a0zef <uif;userf ½Sd cyford ;f aomtjcif;t&mtm;jzifh odawmfral omaMumifh &awmfral om Ak'[ ¨ al om trnf
3/ pdwwf ck,w k u f ;kd q,fç apwodwf 52 -yg;ç edyæEé½kyf 18 -yg;[laom ocFg&w&m;ç 0dum&½kyif g;yg;[l
aom 0dum&w&m;ç ocFwvu©Pm omrnvu©Pm[laom vu©Pmw&m;ç edAmÁ efw&m;ç trsdK;rsdK;aom ynwf
w&m;ç þodYk tm;jzifh ydik ;f jcm;íodoifo h x
d u
kd af om aÚ,s"H ig;yg; ocFwç tocFw ponfjym;aom w&m;tvH;k pHk
udk tuket
f pif ud,k af wmfwikd f odjrifawmfral omaMumifh &awmfral om Ak'[ ¨ al om trnfawmfemr/y/jrwfpmG bk&m;/
4/ oAÁñw k ÓPfawmf tp½Sad om 0darmu©Eu dÅ ÓPfawmfaygif; teEÅwYkd EiS hf vH;k 0OóHk jynfph akH wmfro
l nf
jzpfí opömav;wef aÚ,s"Hig;yg; cyford ;f aomw&m;wdYk ukd ydik ;f jcm;a0zef <uif;usefr½Sd cyford ;f aom tjcif;t&m
tm;jzifh odawmfral omaMumifh &awmfral om Ak'[
¨ al om trnfawmfemr/y/jrwfpmG bk&m;/
5/ opömav;yg;udk ydik ;f jcm;íodaom pwkopö ÓPfawmf 4-yg;ç (tusdK;w&m;ç edAmÁ efç a[mtyfaom
teufç 0dygufç ud&, d m ig;jzmaom tw¬[al om) tu sdK;teufwYkd ukd azmufxu G zf iG v
hf eS f a0zefcjJG cm; tjym;tm;jzifh
odaom tw¬y#dorÇ'd gÓPfç (taMumif;w&m;ç t&d,mr*fç a'oemygVdç ukov kd çf tukov kd t f m;jzifh ig;yg;aom
"r®[al om) taMumif;ygVdwYkd ukd azmufxiG ;f zGiv hf eS f a0zefcjJG cm; tjym;tm;jzifo h ad om "r®y#dorÇ'd gÓPfç ygVdo'´g
trSm;trSeu f kd a0zefyikd ;f jcm; tjym;tm;jzifo h ad om ed½w k ydå #dorÇ'd gÓPfç pOf;pm;qifjcifu trSe&f atmif ÓPf[l
orQudo k ad om y#dbmey#dorÇ'd gÓPfç owå0gwdYk \ o'¨gtp½Sad om £aNE´tEkt&ifh tqifq h ifuh kd axmufqifo h d
pGr;f Edik af om £NE´, d ya&m,y&d,wårnfaom (yapöuAk'¨ g om0uwdYk EiS hf vH;k 0rydik f roufqikd af om) tom"m&P
ÓPfawmfç owå0gwdkY \ tvdt k êudujf zpfaom t,lrmS ;rsm;ESihf todÓPf[al om pdwaf wmf \ ude;f 0yfwnfae&m
tmo,ESihf taMumif;nDnw G v
f Qijf zpfEikd af om udavom[laom tEko,wdYk ukd odprG ;f Edik af om tmo,mEko,rnf
aom/y/ tom"m&P ÓPfawmfç a&t,POf rD;tvQH tzefzefjzifh jyefveS zf zkH kH tpHpk w kH efc;kd jym#d[mtrsdK;rsdK;udk
pd;k rd;k Edik ef if; wcPcsif;jzifh zefqif;pD&ifawmfrEl ikd af om ,ruyg#d[m&D,rnfaom/y/ tom"m&PÓPfawmfç
tvH;k pHrk sm;pGm owGmtaygif;wdYk tm; &if0,fom;uJo h Ykd oem;jcif;B uD;pGm r[mu½kPmESi, hf OS af om r[mu½kPm
ormywård nfaom/y/tom"m&PÓPfawmfç ½S½d o dS rQw&m;tvH;k pHu k kd tuket f pifojd rifEikd af om oAÁñw l rnfaom/
y/ tom"m&PÓPfawmfç Munf½h q I ifjcifvQif ydwyf ifu, G jf cm; qD;wm;r½dS xkwcf sif;aygufojd rifEikd af om tem0
&Prnfaom (uapöu Ak'g¨ om0u wdYk EiS hf vH;k 0rydik f toufqikd af om) tom"m&PÓPfawmf þodYk tm;jzifh Ak'¨
Óufawmf 14-yg;?
(1) taMumif;[kwçf r[kwçf rSeçf rrSeu

f kd {uefoEd ikd af om Xmem Xme aumov’ÓPfawmf/
(2) ukov
kd u
f çH tukov kd u
f w
H Ykd \ tusdK;ay;0dygufudk *wdç Oy"dç umvç y a,m* [laom taxmuftyHh
ypö, taMumif;tm;jzifvh nf;aumif;ç uH[al om rlvtaMumif;&if;tm;jzifv h nf;aumif; ydik ;f jcm;í odEidk af om
ur®0dyguÓPfawmf/
(3) tvH;k pHak om *wdig;wefEiS hf edAmÁ eftNidr;f "mwfoYkd qdu

k af &mufapwwfonfh y#dywftusihv
f rf;udk aj zmifh
wef;pGm odEikd af om oAÁw ¬ *grdeDy#dy'gÓPfawmf/
(4) pu©K"mwf umr"mwftp½Sad om rsm;jym;aom"mwfEiS hf tcsi;f csi;f oabm vu©Pmtm;jzifh xl;jcm;aom

"mwftp½Sad om cE¨mig;yg;[laom cE¨mavmuç tm,we 12 -yg;[laom tm,we avmuç "mwf 18 -yg;[l
aom "mwfavmuwdYk ukd cGjJ cm;a0zefí {uefoEd idk af om taeu"mwk emem"mwkavmuÓPfawmf/
(5) owå0gwdYk \ pdwaf epdwx

f m; ESv;kH oGi;f yHk tpm;tpm; ydik ;f jcm;í odaom emem"drw
k u
då ÓPfawmf/
(6) owå0gwdYk \ o'¨gtp½Sad om £aNE´tEkt&ifh tqifq

h ifu
h kd ax mufcsio
hf pd rG ;f Edik af om £aNE´,
d ya&my&d
,wåÓPfawmf/
(7) ½lypsmef 4 -yg;ç 0darmu© 8 -yg;ç o0dwuú o0dpm&paom orm"d 3 -yg;ç ½ly -t½lyeda&m" [laom
ormywf 9-yg;wdkY\ npfErG ;f jcif; oHuad voç jzLpifjcif; a0g'geç ormywfrxS aMumif; b0ifpw d f zdv
k pf d wfEiS hf
txufpsmefoYkd a&mufEikd af Mumif; aumif;aumif;avhvmxm;NyD;aom atmufpsmef[al om 0k|mewdYk ukd rkcsopd rG ;f Edik f
aom psme 0darmu© orm"d ormywåd oHuad vo a0g'ge 0k|meÓPfawmf/
(9) 'dApÁ u©KÓPfawmf/
(10) tmo0u©,ÓPfawmf/
þodkYtm;jzifh 'oAvÓPfawmf 10-yg;/
cyford ;f aomt&mwdYk ukd razmufrjyef ud, k yf ikd Ó

f Pfjzifh {uefoad om or®morÁK'¨[k 0efcaH wmfr&l mü
vnf;aumif;? tmo0udavomcyford ;f tukeNf idr;f NyD;aom cDPmo0[k 0efcaH wmfr&l mü vnf;aumif;? ewf½mG edAmÁ ef
psmefr*fzv kd \
f tEÅ&m,fu kd ûywwfaom tEÅ&m,du"r®wYkdukd a[mMum;awmfr&l mü vnf;aumif;? t&d,r*fw&m;udk
oHo&m0#frS xGuo f mG ;wwf xkwaf qmifwwfaom ed,smedu"r®[k a[mMum;awmf rl&müvnf;aumif;? þ 4-yg;
aom XmewdYk ü ewfvEl iS w hf uG wavmuvH;k wGif wOD;wa,mufrQ taMumif;ESiw hf uG tjypfjyí apm'u0ifEkd ifz, G f
t&dyef rd w
d f wpHw k &mrQr½So d jzifh raMumuf r½GYH &J&ifah wmfrjl cif;udk qifjcifawmfral omtcg0,f 0rf;om½Tiv f ef;rI
aomreóESi, hf OS af om pwka0om&ZÆÓPfawmf 4-yg;/
rif;wdYk \ tpnf;ta0;[laom cw¬, d y&dowfç ykPmÖ ;wdYk \ tpnf;ta0;[laom jAm[®P y&dowfç oaX;
ol<u,fwYkd \ tpnf;ta0;[laom *[ywdy&dowfç &aoh &[ef;wdYk \ tpnf;ta0;[laom orPy&dowfç pwk
r[m&mZdu ewfwYkd \ tpnf;ta0;[laom pwkr[m&mZdu y&dowfç wm0wðomewfwYkd \ tpnf;ta0;[laom
wm0wðomy&dowfç rm&fewfbufawmfom;wdYk \ tpnf;ta0;[laom rm&y&dowfç jA[®mwdYk \tpnf;ta0;[laom
jA[®myh &dowftm;jzifh ½Spyf g;aomy&dowfwYkd \ aMumuf½YHGjcif;r½Syd J &J&ifph mG 0ifa&muf a[majymEdik jf cif;udk qifjcif
awmfral omtcg0,f 0rf;om½Giv f ef;rI aomreóESihf ,SOaf om t|y&doma0om&ZÆ ÓPfawmf 8 -yg;/
OrSaygufzmG ;aom owå0grsdK;[laom t@Za,medç om;td rfrS aygufzmG ;aom owå0grsdK;[laom ZvmAkZ
a,medç tn§üd jzpfymG ;aom owå0grsdK;[laom oHao'Za,medç teD;üusvmouJo h Ykd ud,
k x
f if½mS ; tjynft
h pHjk zpf
aom Oyygwfa,medtm;jzifh av;yg;aom a,medwYkd ukd ydik ;d jcm;í odaom pwka,medy&dapä'ÓPfawmf 4 -yg;/
ewfç vl wd&pämefç Nydwmå ç i&J wnf;[laom *wdig;yg;udk ydik ;f jcm;í odaom yOö*wdy&dapä'ÓPfawmf 5 -
yg;/
Z&mr&P[laom 'kuü© odaomÓPfç Z&mr&P \ jzpfaMumif; Zmwd[al om 'kuo © rk',ü odaomÓPfç

Z&mr&P\csKyfjcif; eda&m"odYk a&mufaMumif;jzpfaom r*¾üodaomÓPfç Zmwd[al om 'ku ©üodaomÓPf/y/
ocFg&wdYk [al om 'kuü© odaomÓPfç ocFg&wdYk \ jzpfaMumif;t0dZmÆ [laom 'kuo © rk',üodaomÓPfç ocFg&wdYk \
csKyfjcif;[laom eda&m"üodaomÓPfç ocFg&wdYk \csKyfjcif; eda&m"odYk a&mufaMumif;jzpfaom r*¾üodaomÓPf þ
odYk tm;jzifh 44-yg;aomÓPfawmf/
ZmwdaMumifçh Z&mr&Pjzpfonf[k odaomÓPfç Zmwdr½Sv d Qif Z&mr&P r½S[ d ok ad omÓPfç twdwf

umvüvnf; ZmwdaMumifh Z&mr&Pjzpfonf[k odaomÓPfç Zmwdr½Sv d Qif Z&mr&Pr½S[ d k odaomÓPfçtem*wf
umvüvnf; ZmwdaMumifh Z&mr&Pjzpfonf[k odaomÓPfç Zmwdr½Sv d Qif Z&mr&Pr½S[ d o
k ad omÓPfç xdÓ k Pf
ajcmufyg;udk ukejf cif;oabm½Sod nf? aysmufjcif; oabm½Sod nf? ysufjcif;oabm½So d nf? csKyfjcif;oabm½So d nf[k
odaomÓPf/y/t0dZmÆ aMumifh ocFg&wdYk jzpfMuonf[k odaomÓPfç t0dZmÆ r½Sv d Qif ocFg&wdYk r½S[d o
k ad omÓPfç
twdwu f mvüvnf; tem*wfumvüvnf; xdÓ k Pfajcmufyg;udk ukejf cif;oab m½So d nf? aysmufjcif; oabm½Sd
onf? ysufjcif;oabm½So d nf? csKyfjcif;oabm½So
d nf[k odaomÓPf þodYk tm;jzifh 77 -yg;aom ÓPfawmf/
þodYk ponfjzifh t&[wår*f[al om 0darmu© \tqH;k üjzpfí 0darmu©ErÅ nfaom t&[wåzv kd u

f kd &onfEiS hf
wûydief uf &tyfaom ÓPfawmfrsm;jzpfí 0darmu©Eu dÅ rnfaom ÓPfawmfaygif; teEÅwYkd EiS hf vH;k 0OóHk jynfph akH wmf
rlonfjzpfí opömav;wef aÚ,s"H ig;yg; cyford ;f aom tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh odawmfral omaMumifh &awmfral om
Ak'[
¨ al om trnfawmfemr -0daoo*kPw
f cH eG jf zifh rd;k pufb0*f rqefYwufatmif ESYH vsufausmfapmawmfrl ayaom
jrwfpmG bk&m;/
(þAk'¨*kPfawmf 5-yk'w
f Ykd wiG f 2-ESihf 3?4-ESifh 5-wdYk onf tusOf;ESit
hf us,f tjzpfrQom xl;Muonf/)
9-(10) b*0g*kPfawmf 9-yk'f
1/ vGeuf xJ ;l jrwfaom oDv*kPçf orm"d*Pk çf ynm*kPçf 0drw

k *då P k çf 0drw
k Ó
då P'óe *k Pfaus;Zl;wdYk EiS hf
jynfph akH wmfro
l nfjzpfí vlç ewfç jA[®m owå0gtaygif;wdYk xuf vGeu f jJ rifjh rwfaom yk*Kd¾ vfx;l tjzpfjzifh tav;ûy
tyfaom ûyxku d af omaMumif&h awmfral om b*0g[laomtrnfawmf emr/y/jrwfpmG bk&m;/
2/ avmuDavmukw&å m csrf;omwdYk ukd jzpfapEdik af o m 'geç oDvç ponf tvDvt D qifq

h ifh tjrifjh rwfq;kH
bke;f uHawmfteEÅwYkd EiS hf vH;k 0OóHk jynfph akH wmfral omaMumifh &awmfral om b*0g[laom trnfawmfemr/y/ jrwfpmG
bk&m;/
3/ avmbç a'goç arm[tp½Sad om wode;f ru rsm;pGmaom udavomwdYk uv kd nf;aumif;? tusOf;csKyftm ;

jzifh udavomrm&fç tbdocFg&rm&fç cE¨rm&fç rpöKr&fç a'0ykwrå m&f[al om r&fig;yg;udv
k nf;aumif; csdK;zsufy,f½iS ;f
awmfrNl yD; aomaMumifh &awmfral omb*0g[laom trnfawmfemr/y/jrwfpmG bk&m;/
4/ £ó&d,ç "r®ç ,oç od&Dç umrç y,wåwnf;[laom b*0gac:a0: 6 -yg;aom bke;f awmfwYkd EiS hf
jynfph akH wmfral omaMumifh &awmfral om b*0g[laom trnfawmfemr/y/jrwfpmG bk&m;/
5/ ud, k af wmfEiS hf pdwaf wmfukd 0oDabmfajrmufatmif tacgiftxGwf qEńw G ½f iId ;f tvd½k w dS ikd ;f Edik ef if;í
tpd;k &awmfrjl cif;wnf;[laom £ó&d,bke;f awfç avmuDavmuk wå&mwdYk \ tnGeYf tzl; txl;tjrwfq;kH jzpfawmfrl
aom psmeftbdnmOfr*fzv kd wf &m;wnf;[laom "r®bek ;f awmf [kwrf eS o f nfth wdik ;f b0*fcidk ;f atmif jyefYviId ;f xif½mS ;
ausmMf um;awmfrjl cif;wnf;[laom ,obke;f awmfç a,musm;f jrwfwYkd \ 32 -yg;aom vu©PmawmfBuD; ½Spq f ,f
aom vu©Pmaw mfi,fç a&mifjcnfawmf ajcmufo, G wf Ykd jzifh wifw
h ,f 0if;y oyÜg,fawmfrv l o S nfh ½lyum,awmf \
jynfph akH wmfrjl cif; usuof a&awmfwnf;[laom od&b D ek ;f awmfç ud, k af wmfjrwf \ tusdK;pD;yGm; a0ae,sowå0g
taygif;wdkY\ tusdK;pD;yGm;wnf;[laom twå[w d ç y&[dw 2-yg;wdYk ukd tvdq k Eáwm t f wdik ;f NyD;pD;jynfph akH pEdik f
aom umrbke;f awmfç wavmuvH;k \ q&mjzpfaMumif; aumif;jrwfaom vHYk vor®y"Ü mef0&D , d wnf; [laom y,wå
bkef;awmfç þodkYtm;jzifh b*0gac:a0: 6 -yg;aom bke;f awmfwYkdEiS hf jynfph akH wmfral omaMumifh &awmfral om b*0g
[laom trnfawmf emr/y/jrwfp mG bk&m;/
6/ tvH;k pHak om oabmw&m;wdYk ukd ukov

kd pf onf cE¨mponfwYkd jzifv
h nf;aumif;? opömav;yg;udk wq,fh
ajcmufcsuaf om oabmteufwYkdjzifv
h nf;aumif;? a0zefziG v hf pS f a[mjyawmfral omaMumifh &awmfral om b*0g[l
aom trnfawmfemr/y/jrwfpmG bk&m;/
7/ 0d[m& 3 -yg;ç 0da0u 3 -yg;ç 0darmu© 3 -yg;wdYk uv kd nf;aumif;? xdYk jyif avmuDç avmukw&å m w&m;
xl;wdYk ukd vnf;aumif;rS0D J qnf;uyfawmfrNl yD;aomaMumifh &awmfral om b*0g[laom trnfawmfemr/y/ jrwfpmG
bk&m;/
8/ uodP k ;f ponfukd tm½Hûk yíjzpfaom ½lypsmef[al om 'dA0Á [d m&ç arwå mu½kPm rk'w d m Oayu©mpsmef[l
aom jA[®0[ d m&ç zvormywf[al om t&d,0d[m&tm;jzifh 3 -yg;aom 0d[m&wdYk uv kd nf;aumif;? umr*kPif g;yg;
rS qdwNf idr&f müaejcif; [laom um,0da0uç yxrpsmef ponfjzifh eD0&PwdYk rS qdwNf idrjf cif;[laom pdw0å ad 0uç
Oy"d 4-yg;rS qdwNf idrjf cif;[laom Oy"d0ad 0utm;jzifh 3-yg;aom 0da0uwdYk uv kd nf;aumif;? tewåmEkyómjzifh
&onfh r*fwnf;[laom oknw0darmu©ç 'kuE© yk óemjzif&h onfh r*fwnf;[laom tyÜP[ d w d 0darmu©ç tedpmö
Ekyóemjzif&h onfh r*fwnf;[laom tedrw d 0å ad rmu© tm;jzifh 3-yg;aom0darmu©wYkd ukd vnf;aumif;? xdrk w S yg;
avmuDpsmef tbdnmOfwYkdEiS hf avmukw&å m ormywfwYkduv kd nf;aumif; rS0D q
J nf;uyfawmfrNl yD; aomaMumifh &awmfrl
aom b*0g[laom trnfawmfemr/y/jrwfpmG bk&m;/
9/ umrç ½lyç t½ly[laom b0oH;k yg;ü tpOfrem; ajy;oGm;aeaom b0wPSmudk axG; tef pGeYf y,fawmf
rlNyD;aomaMumifh &awmfral om b*0g[laom trnfawmfemr 0daoo*kPw f cH eG jf zifh rd;k pGeb
f 0*f rqefYwufatmif
ESYH vsuaf usmaf pmawmfral yaom jrwfpmG bk&m;/
(þ b*0g*kPfawmf 9-yg;wdkYwGif 4-ESifh 5ç 7-ESifh 8-wdYk onf tusOf;ESihf tus,ftjzpfrQom xl;onf/)
þodkYvQif t&[Htp½Sdaom 9 -yg;aom*kPfawmfç 10 -yg;aom *kPaf wmfç teEÅ*P k af wmf aus;Zl;awmfwYkd

ESihf jynfph akH wmfral om oufawmfxif½mS ; oAÁñjk rwfpmG bk&m;udk bk&m;wynfah wmfonf ½dak ojrwfE;kd vuftyk rf ;kd í
½Scd ;kd yg\ jrwfpmG bk&m;/
w&m;*kPfawmf 6-yg;½Scd ;kd
b*0g=jrwfpmG bk&m;onf? tu©mawm=a[mMum;awmfrt

l yfaom? "ar®m=w&m;awmfonf?
1/ oGmu©mawm - udavomNidr;f aMumif; aumif;rGef rSeu

f efpmG a[mtyfaom w&m;awmf jrwfygaywum;?
2/ oEd́|ad um-usiBhf uHtm;xkwv

f Qi?f rsuaf rSmufu,
kd w
f ikd f awGYjrifEikd af om w&m;awmf jrwfygaywum;?
3/ tumvdaum -tcsdet
f cGihf rqdik ;f vifyh J toifv
h ufiif;csufcsif; tusdK;ay;wwfaom w&m;awmfjrwfyg
aywum;?
4/ {[dyódaum -vmygç Munfv

h n
S f yh g[k usifBh uHtm;xkw&f ef zdwrf efwu
kd w
f eG ;f xdu
k af om w&m;awmfjrwf
ygaywum;?
5/ Moyae,sdaum-rdro
d EÅmefü wnfatmif usiahf qmifxu
kd af om w&m;awmfjrwfygaywum;?
6/ ypöwaHå 0'dwaAÁm 0dñ[

l d -w&m;jrifoo
d nfh ynm½S½d pS yf g; t&d,mrsm;omvQif ud,
k w
hf &m;ESiu
hf ,
kd f toD;
oD; odjrifcpH m;&aom w&m;awmfjrwfygaywum;/
oGmu©mwtp½Sdaom þ*kPfawmf 6-yg;ESihf jynfph akH wmfral om r*f 4 -yg;ç zdkvf 4-yg;ç edAmÁ efç y&d,wftm;
jzifh q,fyg;aom w&m;awmfjrwfukd bk&m;wynfah wmfonf ½dak ojrwfE;kd vufprkH ;kd í ½Scd ;kd yl aZmf zl;ajrmfrmefavQmh
uefawmhyg\bk&m;/
w&m;*kPfawmf 6-yg;bk&m;½Sdcdk;NyD;\/
oHCmh*kPfawmf 9-yg;½Scd ;kd
b*0awm=jrwfpmG bk&m;\? om0uoHaCm=wynfo

h m;taygif; oHCmawmfonf/
1/ oky#Ü yd aEém -avmbç a'goç arm[uif;aMumif; (oDvç orm"dç ynm tusifah umif;ud)k
aumif;pGmusiahf wmfral om oHCmawmfjrwfygaywum;?
2/ OZky#Ü yd aEém -ud,

k çf EIwçf pdwx
f m; taumufo;kH yg;uif;&ef ajzmifrh eS pf mG usifah wmfral om oHCm
awmfjrwfygaywum;?
3/ Ó,yÜ#yd aEém -qif;&JNidr;f &ef edAmÁ eftvdYk imS oifah vsmpf mG usiahf wmfral om oHCmawmfjrwf ygay
wum;?
4/ omrdpyd #Ü yd aEém -olrsm;uûyonfh ½dak orIEiS hf oifw

h ifx
h u
kd w
f efatmif usifBh uHawmfral om oHCm
awmfjrwfygaywum;?
5/ tm[kaea,sm -t&yfa0;rSaomfvnf; aqmifvmí ay;vªyal Zmfxu

kd çf ay;vªonfukd cH,al wmfrl
xdu
k af om oHCmawmfjrwfygaywum;?
6/ yg[kaea,sm -cspjf rwfE;kd tyfonfh {nfo h nfrsm;twGuf txl;ûyjyifxm;aom pm;aumif; aomuf

zG,u
f akd omfvnf; ay;vª ylaZmfxu kd çf cH,al wmfrx
l u
kd af om oHCmawmfjrwf ygaywum;?
7/ 'u©ad Pa,sm -aemifwrvGef avmuü aumif;usKd ;&rnf[k ,HMk unfí ay;vªonfukd cH,al wmfrl
xdu
k af om oHCmawmfjrwfygaywum;?
8/ tOÆvu D &PDa,m -aumif;usdK;csrf;om rSepf mG &rnf[k ,HMk unfarQmfu;kd vsuf vuftyk cf sDr;kd í
½Scd ;kd xdu
k af om oHCmawmfjrwfygaywum;/
9/ tEkw&å H yknau©wHå avmuó -aumif;rIrsdK;udk pdu

k yf sdK;&eftvdYk imS owå0gtaygif; \ taumif;
qH;k v,f,majr jzpfawmfral om oHCmawmfjrwfygaywum;/
oky#Ü yd Eétp½Sad om þ 9-yg;aom *kPaf wmfwYkd EiS hf jynfah wmfral om r*¾|mefy*k d¾ Kvfav;yg;ç zv|mefy*k Kd¾ vf
av;yg;tm;jzifh ½Spyf g;aom t&d,myk*Kd¾ vftaygif; oHCmawmfjrwfukd bk&m;wynhaf wmfonf ½dak ojrwfE;kd vuftyk f
rd;k í ½Scd ;kd ylaZmf zl;ajrmfrmefavQmh uefawmhyg \bk&m;/
oHCm*kPfawmf 9-yg;½Scd ;kd NyD;\/
r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD; ½Sdcdk;onfh
ÓPfpOf 16-yg;bk&m;½Sdcdk;
1/ emr½ly y&dapä'çH wyÜp,

ö y&d*w
¾ ?H
wHor®oeH O',-AÁ,ÓPOö b*F*/H
2/ b,ÓPH tm'de0H -ÓPOö edA'dÁ H tx?

rkpdöwu
k rswH y#d-ocFg ocFg½kayu©uH/
3/ tEkavmrOö a*gMwbHçk r*¾ÓPH zvH wxm?

ypöa0u©Pm ÓPEÅçd wdavmurSyd d auepd/
4/ ta'oda, omoedauç ÓPdar aomVokwaå &?

a'aowm&H y0wåm&Hç Ak'H¨ wD[m'&H ear/
(1) emr½lyy&dapä'H-emrf½yk w
f &m;wdYk ukd ydik ;f jcm;íodaom emr½ly y&dapä'ÓPfvnf;aumif;?
(2) wyÜypö,y&d*[¾ H -xdek mrf½yk w

f Ykd \ taMumif;w&m;wdYk ukd ydik ;f jcm;íodaom ypö,y&d*[
¾ ÓPf
vnf;aumif;?
(3) wH or®oeH -xdek mrf½yk w

f Ykd ukd tedpçö 'kuç© tewåtm;jzifh oH;k oyfqifjcifí odjrifaom or®oe
ÓPfvnf;aumif;?
(4) O',AÁ,ÓPOö -emrf½yk w f Ykd \ topftopf jzpfay:vmjcif; jzpfay:NyD;vQif wcPjcif;ysufp;D

oGm;jcif;udk ½Irw
S x
f ifxif odjrifaom O',AÁ,ÓPfvnf;aumif;?
(5) b*F*H-emrf½yk w
f Ykd \ ysupf ;D jcif;udo
k m ½Irw
S x
f ifxif odjrifaom b*FÓPfvnf;aumif;?
(6) b,ÓPOö -emrf½yk w

f Ykd \ ysupf ;D jcif;udo
k jd rif&ojzifh aMumufvefYz,
G f ab;BuD;tjzpfjzifh xif
jrifaom b,ÓPfvnf;aumif;?
(7) tm'De0ÓPOö - emrf½yk o

f cFg&wdYk \ ud;k uG,&f mrxif tjypfjrifaom tm'De0ÓPf
vnf;aumif;?
(8) edA'dÁ H -emrf½yk o

f cFg&wdYk ü raysmfrarGY NiD;aiGYaomedA'dÁ gÓPf vnf;aumif;? tx-teufoabm
wlaom a½SYÓPfo;kH ckrw S yg; teufoabmwlaom aemufÓPf 3-ckum;-
(9) rkpw
dö u
k rswH -emrf½yk f ocFg&wdYk rS tvGet
f rif; vGwu
f if;xGuaf jrmufvakd om rkpw
dö u
k rswm
ÓPfvnf;aumif;?
(10) y#docø -tvGet f rif;vGwuf if;xGuaf jrmufvo kd jzifh xdek mrf½yk Ef pS yf g;udyk if tedpt
ö p½Sad om
av;q,faom tjcif;t&mwdYk jzifh wGiw f iG t
f m;xkwí f tedpçö 'kuç© tewå taetm;jzifh
aumif;aumif;BuD; xifjrifaom y#docFgÓPfvnf;aumif;?
(11) ocFg½kayu©uH -tedpçö 'kuç© tewå taetm;jzifah umif;aumif; xifjrifí vGwaf jrmuf&m
vGwaf jrmufaMumif;ud&k ojzifh tvGejf yif;xefaom vHYk vudv
k nf;rûy xdek mrf½yk f ocFg&wdYk ü
aMumufvefYjcif;ç ESpo
f ufjcif; ES pfyg;udkvnf; pGefYy,fí od½Hkod½Hkom tnDtrQ½Iaom ocFg
½layu©mÓPfvnf;aumif;?
(12) tEkavmrOö -tedpçö 'ku©ç tewåwdkYwGif wyg;yg;udkom tm½Hkûyí O',AÁ,paom a½S;ÓPf

ESpyf g;ESihf aemufr*¾opöm tm;avsmfaom (a*gMwbl \a½SYtjcm;rJüh ESpBf udrf oH;k Budrf jzpfaom )
tEkavmrÓPfvnf;aumif;?
(13) a*gMwbHk -ykxZk Of tEG,u f jkd zwfí t&d,m tEG,Zf mwfoYkd a&mufapvsuf edAmÁ efut
kd m½Hûk yí
r*f\ a½SUtzdYk ü wBudrrf Qom jzpfaom a*gMwblÓPfvnf;aumif;?
(14) r*¾ÓPH-edAmÁ efurkd suaf rSmufûyvsuf opömav;yg;udw

k ûydief ufoad om r*fÓPfvnf;aumif;?
(15) zvH-r*fÓPfuo
hJ Ykd yif edAmÁ efut
kd m½Hûk yvsufjzpfaom zdv
k Ó
f Pfvnf;aumif;?
(16) wxm -xdrk w

S yg; ypöa0u©PmÓPH -r*fç zdv
k çf edAmÁ efEiS hf y,fNyD;aom udavomç ry,f&ao;
aom udavomtm;jzifh þig;yg;aom w&m;tpkwYkd ukd jyefvn S í hf qifjcifaom ypöa0u©Pm
ÓPfvnf;aumif;?
£wd-þodYk ? wdavmurSd -umrç ½lyç t½ly[k avmuoH;k jzm pMum0Vm ½So d rQ teEÅrqH;k avmuBuD;wck
vH;k ü? auepdyd -ewfç vlç jA[®m owå0g wOD;wa,mufrQaomfvnf;? ta'oda, -rMum;rem BuHpnfumjzifh ,xm
blwtrSet f uefusatmif a[mjyjc if;iSm rpGr;f Edik &f maumif;ukeaf om? omoedau -Ak'¨ jrwfpmG omoemawmfBuD;
twGi;f üomvQi?f ay:vif;jzpfxeG ;f Edik af umif;ukeaf om? £ar aomVoÓaP -þ 16 -yg;aom ÓPfwYkd u?kd
a'aowm&H-rdru d ,kd w f ikd f ydik yf ikd v
f v
S S trSet f uef od&í vSp[
f xkwaf zmf a[mMum;awmf rlwwfayaom? y0wåm& H-
rdru d ,
kd af wmfwikd f ydik Ef ikd Nf yD;pD;jzpfapNyD;rS cdrk ;DS uyfvm jA[®mç ewfç vl uRwfxu kd o
f rl eS o
f rQ uvsmPykxZk Of
t&d,mocifwYkd \ Munfvifaom pdwo f EÅmef0,f tzefzeftm;jzifh jzpfymG ;apawmfrw l wfayaom? Ak'H¨ -oAÁñw k
ÓPfawmf½iS f jrwfpmG bk&m;ocifu?kd t[H -bk&m;wynfah wmfonf? wD[d -um,nGwcf sD 0pDre oH;k 'Gg&wdYk jzif?h ear -
ermrd-Munfñjkd rwfE;kd vuftyk rf ;kd í ½Scd ;kd yg\ jrwfpmG bk&m;/
y#dywådylZemum&bk&m;½Sdcdk;
1/ Aka'¨g aomb*0g aAm"m, "r®H a'aowd/
aomb*0g-uREfyk w f Ykd trsm;\ tm;xm;ud;k uG,&f mtppf jzpfawmfral om xdjk rwfpmG bk&m;onf? Aka'¨g -opöm
av;yg; trSew f &m;udk ydik ;f jcm;xifxif odjrifawmfrNl yD;onfjzpfí? aAm"m, -owå0gtrsm; uREfyk w f Ykd tm;vnf;
tvm;wlyif odjrifMuygapjcif; tusKd ;iSm? "r®H -opömav;wef w&m;rSeu f ?kd a'aowd -u½kPma½SYomG ; ynmtm;jzifh
a[mMum;awmfrcl yhJ gay\? wH b*0EÅH -oufawmfxif½mS ; xdjk rwfpmG bk&m;ocifu?kd t[H -tuREfyk o f nf? 0E´mrd -
½dak ojrwfE;kd vuftyk rf ;kd í ½Scd ;kd ylaZmfyg\ t½Sib
f &k m;/
2/ 'aEÅm abmb*0g 'rxm, "r®H a'aowd?
aomb*0g-uREfyk w f Ykd trsm;\ tm;xm;ud;k uG,&f m tppfjzpfawmfral om xdjk rwfpmG bk&m;onf? 'aEÅm -jrif
Mum;awGY&mBuHo&d mrS udavomtnpftaMu; uif;pifa0;vsuf ,Ofaus;awmfrNl yD;onfjzpfí? r'xm, -owå0g
trsm; uREfyk w f Ykd tm;vnf; tvm;wlpmG udavomtnpftaMu; uif;pifa0;vsuf ,Ofaus; Muygapjcif; tusdK;iSm?
"r®-H ,Ofaus;ap&ef w&m;rSeu f ?kd a'aowd -u½kPma½SYomG ; ynmtm;jzifh a[mMum;awmfrcl yhJ gay \? wHb*0EÅH -
oufawmfxif½mS ; xdjk rwfpmG bk&m;ocifu?kd t[H -tuREfyk o f nf? 0E´mrd -½dak ojrwfE;kd vuftyk rf ;kd í ½Scd ;kd ylaZmfyg \
t½Sib f &k m;/
3/ oaEÅm aom b*0g orxm, "r®H a'aowd/
aomb*0g-uREfyk w f Ykd trsm;\ tm;xm;ud;k uG,&f mtppf jzpfawmfral om xdjk rwfpmG bk&m;onf? oaEÅm -&m*
pom; tvIyt f ½Sm;uif;vsuf Nidro f ufNidr;f at;awmfrNl yD;onfjzpfí? orxm, -owå0gtrsm; uREfyk w f Ykd tm;vnf;
tvm;wlpmG Nidro f ufNidr;f a t;Muygapjcif;tusdK;iSm? "r®H -Nidro f ufap&ef w&m;trSeuf ?kd a'aowd -u½kPma½SYoGm;
ynmtm;jzifh a[mMum;awmfrcl yhJ gay \? wH b*0EÅH -oufawmfxif½mS ; xkjd rwfpmG bk&m;ocifu?kd t[H -tuREfyk f
onf? 0E´mrd-½dak ojrwfE;kd vuftyk rf ;kd í ½Scd ;kd ylaZmfyg\ t½Sibf &k m;/
4/ wdaPÖm aomb*0g w&Pm, "r®H a'aowd/
aomb*0g-uREfyk w f Ykd trsm;\ tm;xm;ud;k uG,&f mtppf jzpfawmfral om xdjk rwfpmG bk&m;onf? wdaPÖm -
MoCav;jzm oHo&m \ [drk mS urf;a&muf edAmÁ efaygufatmif ul;ajrmufawmfrNl yD;onfjzpfí? w&Pm, owå0g
trsm; uREfyk w
f Ykd tm;vnf; tvm;wlpmG ulajrmufMuygapjcif; tusdK;iSm? "r®H -ul;ajrmufap&ef w&m;rSeu f kd a'aowd
-u½kPma½SYomG ; ynmtm;jzifh a[mMum;awmfrcl yhJ gay \? wH b*0EÅH -oufawmfxif½mS ; xdjk rwfpmG bk&m;ocifu?kd
t[H-tuREfyk o f nf/? 0E´mrd ½dak ojrwfE;kd vuftyk rf ;kd í ½Scd ;kd ylaZmfyg\ t½Sib
f &k m;/
5/ y&deAd KÁ awmf aom b*0g y&deAd mÁ em, "r®H a'aowd/
aomb*0g-uREfyk w f Ykd trsm;\ tm;xm;ud;k uG,&f mtppf jzpfawmfral om xdjk rwfpmG bk&m;onf? y&deAd KÁ awm -
udavomcyford ;f tvH;k pHNk idr;f NyD;onfjzpfí? y&deAd mÁ em, -owå0gtrsm; uREfyk w
f Ykd tm;vnf; tvm;wlpmG udavom
cyford ;f Nidr;f Muygapjcif;tusKd ;iSm? "r®H -udavomNidr;f &ef w&m;trSeuf ?kd a'aowd -u½kPma½SYomG ; ynmtm;jzifh
a[mMum;awmfrcl yhJ gay\? wH b*0EÅH -oufawmfxif½mS ; xdjk rwfpmG bk&m; ocifu?kd t[H -tuREfyk o f nf? 0E´mrd -
½dak ojrwfE;kd vuftyk rf ;kd í ½Scd ;kd ylaZmfyg\ t½Sib
f &k m;/
pwk&moDwdrydkif;
Z&m'PfcH&NyD
Z&m, r'd́wH {wHç rdvmwpr®eó

d w
d ?H
r&aPe bdZw Æ d {wHç rpöKó Cormrdo/H 1
{wH-þcE¨mud, k ½f yk f taumifyyk u f ?kd Z&m, -oGm;usKd ; qHjzL i,fr, l , kd iG ;f tdrk if;&ifah &mf rSnahf ysmjf cif; Z&m
onf? r'´w d H -tpOfrjywf ESyd pf uftyf \? {wH -þcE¨mud, k ½f yk f taumifyyk o
f nf? rdvmwpr®eó d w d H -Z&mAsm"d wa½GU
a½GUzdp;D ESyd pf ufñOS ;f yef;ojzifh ñd;I EGr;f aomta&udk rSaD e \? {wH -þcE¨mud, k ½f yk f taumi fykyfonf? r&aPe -
Z&mAsm"d zdp;D ESyd pf uf ñSO;f yef;ojzifh aoqH;k &jcif;aMumif?h bdZw Æ d -z½dzk &J ûyduyJG sufp;D & \? rpöKó -aorif;ac:jim;
aojcif;w&m;\? CormrdoH -0g;rsdKudu k pf m;&m tmrdoaywnf; [lonfEiS t hf nD aus;Zl;½Sirf [mpnf q&mawmf
bk&m;BuD;onf tm,kawmfwu G pf pfvQif 79 -ESpf½Sdí 0gawmfwGufppfygu 58 -0g&½Sad wmfrcl ahJ vNyD? bk&m;Zdaemf ouf
awmfr&D ef wESpo f mvdak wmhonf? tyifyef;cHí omoemtvkyaf wG vkycf o hJ nf'h Pfcsufç Z&m'Pfcsufç aoG;wd;k
a&m*ga0'empaom Asm"d'PfcsufEydS pf ufru I kd cH&ojzifh ajrç a&ç avç rD; bkwBf uD;av;ck wkid af jcûy onfh ½d;k pkwyf
qif 'dik ;f jr§m;wifonfh ud, k w f iG jf zpfvm nDnmpyfaESm cE¨mud, k f twåabmBuD;um; a&mh&&J EJ iS ½hf adS eav \/
{ulemoDwd oódaumç Z&m, tbdr'd́awm?

Asm"d"ar®mewDwwåmç Asm"dem tbdyVD ad wm/
o&ufjzLyifBuD;vJus twdwfedrdwfjy
Owk&moDtm;jzifh aEG&moDveG yf gNyD rd;k v&moDa&mufavNyDç vtm;jzifq h vkd Qif ]]0gqdik ,fr0S gacgif a&azmif
azmifEiS hf ½GmYawmifuacsmif;}} [laom tdik cf sif;ESit hf nD rd;k oD;xefpmG ½GmoGe;f ojzifh jrpfacsmif; tif;tdik rf sm ;ü a&jynfh
vQ&H mvjzpf\? xdYk jyif wyg; ]]oaEäwmxGuf "r®puf wcsufjym#d[m}} [lonfEiS t hf nD bk&m;jrwfpmG y#doaE¨
ae&mç awmxGu&f mç "r®puf>rufusL;&mç wefc;kd jym#d[mjyawmfr&l m vjrwfr[mvnf; jzpfavonf? ¤if;jyif bk&m;
om;ausmf oHCmawmf t½Sijf rwfwYkd [d[ k okd nfonf c&D ;r<ucsyD J y&d,wfç y#dywf "l&ESp&f yfukd rjywfêud;ukwf
tm;xkw&f mvvnf; jzpfavonf? 0gqdv k jynfah usmfpu zvf,Of"r®m½Hçk txufqrG ;f pm;ausmif;ç atmufqrG ;f pm;
ausmif;[laom oH;k yGiq hf ikd f taqmufttHak b;½Sd o&ufjzLyifBuD;onf ûydvcJ ahJ vonf? odYk &mwGif yk*Kd¾ vfwpHk
wa,mufrQ xdck u kd rf jd cif;r½Syd gacs? Ak'o
¨ moemEk*[ ¾ tzGYJ csKyf Ouú| OD;yGiahf umif;u ]]uRefawmfwYkd awmh ukov kd f
aumif;rIawG ûyvkyaf eMuvdYk ewfaumif; ewfjrwfawG rçaevdYk xifyg&JY onfopfyifBuD;[m vlawGuvS, J if
,ckvt kd EÅ&m,fr½Syd v J zJ Ykd tvGecf ufw,f}} [k ajymqdck ahJ vonf? pifppfwrlum; opfyifBuD;vJjcif;um; q&mawmf
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um&d,ed,marae0ç tum 'VSy&uúarm?

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omoemh&yd o
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Mo0g' jzpfavonf/
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txufaoG; 230ç atmufaoG; 130-½Sd
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0rf;omç igh[mç ighom;ç igum;pifppfç cspfírNiD;ç orD;aywnf;ç axGaxGx;l xl;ç
aysmfjrL; cspfzufç oufEMHS uif&mç ZeD;ygwnf;ç ig rh mS pm;0wfç rvGw&f atmifç BuH
aqmifppD Ofç cspfvifaywnf;ç rauGepd çö ightm;apmifrç rdbaywnf;ç oD;oD;ppGmç
qdjk rnfumyifç t½Siaf orif;ç ac:aqmifvQif;cJçh uif;rJo h em;ç owfrnfEh mG ;odYk ç
rrSm;yHak oç aqmif MuOf;avonfç oHa0jzpfz, G f pifppfwnf;/
'Gge0kwdrydkif;
'kwd,oHa0* q,f*gxm ygXfedó,ESifh oHa0*vuFm

1/ {0rAÇm[awm avmaumç rpöKemp Z&m,p?

d mG avmuy&d,m,H/ 1
wo®m "D&m e aompEÅçd 0d'w
rpöKemp-aorif;ac:jim; aojcif;w&m;onfvnf;aumif;? Z& m,p-oGm;usKd;ç qHjzL i,fr, l ,

kd iG ;f tdrk if;
&ifah &mf rSnahf ysmjf cif;onfvnf;aumif;? avmaum -wavmuvH;k udçk {0HtAÇm[awm -odYk uavmuf &uf&ufpufpuf
rñSmrwmESyd pf ufacsreI ;f tyfavNyD? wo®m -xdYk aMumif?h "D&m -aqmifrw S q
f ifjcif ynm½Siw f Ykdonf? avmuy&d,m,H -
avmu\ azmufjyefjcif; oabmud?k 0d'w d mG -ydik yf ikd rf rd o
d Md uukeí
f ? eaompEÅd-rylyefrpd;k &drMf uuke/f
Ä aojcif;w&m;ç vGeq f ;kd ½Gm;ç rsm;pGmESyd pf ufonf? tdjk cif;w&m;ç vGeq f ;kd ½Gmç rsm;pGm
ESyd pf ufonf/ jzpfvQifrck sç {uEÅç rkcsESyd pf ufc&H rnf? rjzpf&yJç tNrJcsr f;omç
trwmjynfciG çf 0ifp&H efç {uefêud;yrf; oifv h NS yD/
2/ tanyd yó *raeç ,xmur®Kya* ea&?

rpöKaem 0orm*r®ç zEáEÅ0"d ygPdaem/ 1
,xmur®Kya*-uHw&m;\ pGr;f tiftavsmuf uyfa&mufuek v f suf? *rae -b0wyg; ajymif;oGm;Muukef

aom? tanydea& -wyg;aom yk*Kd¾ vfwYkd uv kd nf;? yó -ESv;kH odYk wif ½Iqifjcifprf;ygavmh? £" -þavmuü?
rpöKaem-aorif;ac:jim; aojcif;w&m; \? 0oH -tvdt k êuduo f Ykd ? tm*r® -rvdu
k cf sifyJ vTrJ &yg vdu
k yf g&í? ygPdaem
-owå0g wdYk onf? zEáEÅ0 -usD;vefYpmpm; yHt
k vm;odYk rjcm;yHak o aMumuf½UHG wkev f yI Mf u&ukeo f nfom/
Ä
ud,
k Ef iS ½hf ,
G w
f çl ud,
k ahf tmufvçl BuD;olaoMursm;vSNyD? cPrpJç tdpk NrJç ud,k v
f J
aobufe;D vSNyD/
aeYnrjcm;ç aoolrsm;ç pOf;pm;qifjcifoifah vNyD? igvJrjcm;ç xdo k rl sm;vdçk
{uefukd aoudk ao&rnf/
3/ a,e a,e[d rnEÅd ç wawm wH a[mwd tnxm?

{wm'daom 0dembma0gç yó avmuó y&d,m,H/ 1
a,ea,e[d-tMuiftMuif ouf½n S f usef;rmcsrf;omaom tjcif;t&mtm;jzifo h mvQif ? rnEÅd -rqifrjcif

rSwx f ifMuuke\
f ? wawm w'g -xdt k cgü? wH -xdk touf½n S f usef;rmcsrf;omaom tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh rSwx f if
jcif;onf? tnxmyd -wyg;wjcm; ruse;f rrm rcsr;f omjcif; auGuiG ;f uGu
J mG aom tjcif;t&mtm;jzifo
h mvQi?f
a[mwd-rkcspifppf jzpf& \? {wm'daom -þodYk oabm½Sad om? 0dembma0g -auGuiG ;f &jcif;onf? a[mwd -jzpf\?
avmuó-owåavmu\? y&d,m,H-twnfrNrJ azmufvaJG zmufjyefjzpfjcif;ud?k yó -aocsmaphik ½Iprf;ygavmh/
4/ ouvH ar'eð bkwmG ç 'wGm aum#dowH ok"?D

t¹kmrvurwåó ç taEÅ £ó&wH *awm/
5/ awae0 a'[AaEë ç yknrSd c,rm*aw?

r&Pmbdrak cgaomydç taomaum aomurm*awm/ 1
okc-D ewfpnf;pdryf rm csr;f omokcESihf jynfph akH om? taomaum -pd;k &draf omu uif;pifyojzifh taomu
[lonft h rnf½adS om rif;{u&mZfonf? ouvHar'eð -ZrÁLuRe;f cGif ajrjyiftvH;k ud?k bkwmG -tcGet f wkyf aumuf,l
oH;k aqmif cHpm;awmfríl ? aum#dowH -uk#w&m Opömtpku?kd 'wGm - o'¨gMunfjzLay;vªNyD;í? taEÅ -pkwjd ywfa<u
aovGeef ;D us&m tqH;k umvü? t¹kmrvurwåó -orm;awmfay; qD;jzLoD; (oQo d Qm; oD;) aq;wjcrf;rQuo
kd mvQi?f
£ó&H-tpd;k &ydik of nf\tjzpfoYkd? *awm-a&muf&½Smav\/
taomaum-taomutrnfbYJG x;l csDaom? aomyd -xdrk if;{u&mZfaomfrv S nf;? awae0a'[AaEë -xdk

ud,
k u f m, b0jzifyh ifvQi?f yknrSd -aumif;rIuo k v
kd o
f nf? c,H -ukejf cif;odYk ? tm*aw -a&mufonf½adS omf? r&Pm
bdrak cg-pkwjd ywfa<u aovGejf cif;odYk a½S;½Ionfjzpfí? aomuH -pd;k &dryf al qG;jcif;odYk ? *awm-a&muf&½Smav\/
Ä
wefc;kd tmPmç vGepf mG BuD;vSç taomuç aomua&muf&onf?
wefc;kd BuD;vJç vTrJ &ç rkcsao&onf?
tmPmBuD;vJç vTrJ &ç rkcsao&onf?
pnf;pdrBf uD;vJç vTrJ &ç rkcsao&onf?
"r®maomuç aemufq;kH usç ydik &f qD;jzLjcrf;rQwnf;/
6/ ,xmyd aovm 0dyv

k mç ebH tm[pö yAÁwm?
orEÅm tEky&da,,sçH edayÜmaxEÅm pwk'o
d´ m/
7/ {0HZ&m p rpöKpç t"d0wåEdÅ ygPdae?

cwåad , jAm[®aP 0aóç oka'¨ p@mvykuKú ao/
8/ e uOöd y&d0aZÆwçd oAÁar0gbdr'´w?d

e ww¬ [w¬eD H blrçd e &omeH e ywå,d m?
epmyd rEÅ,ak 'ëç ouúmaZwHk "aee 0g/ 1
ebHtm[pö-rd;k xdaygufajrmuf qdu k af &mufatmif? 0dyv k m -BuD;rm;ukeaf om? aovm -ausmuf twdNyD;ukef
aom? yAÁwm -a0;jrifo h aD cgif awmifav;vH;k wdYk onf? orEÅm pwk'o d´ m-xuf0ef;usif t&yfav;rsuEf mS rS? edayÜm
axEÅm-owå0gwdYk ukd rkeYf rek Yf nufnuf Budwaf csukev f suf? tEky&da,,sH,xmyd -vSnv hf nfomG ;vmuke&f m ouJo h Ykd
vJy?J {0H -þtwl? Z&mp -oGmusKd ;ç qHjzL i,frl ,d, k iG ;f tdrk if;&ifah &mf rSnahf ysmjf cif;Z&monf vnf;aumif;? rpöKp -
aorif;ac:jim; aojcif;w&m;onf vnf;aumif;? cwåad , -a&ajrydik pf ;kd rif;rsKd ;wdYk uv kd nf;aumif;? jAm[®aP -
jAm[®PZmwf½o dS w
l Ykd ukd vnf;aumif;? 0g -ykPmÖ ;rsKd;wdYk uvkd nf;aumif;? a0aóp -ol<u,fwYkduv kd nf;aumif;? oka'¨
-olqif;&JrsK;d wdYk uv kd nf;aumif;? p@mv ykuKú ao -'Ge;f p@m; yef ;rdu I of eG rf sKd;wdYk uvkd nf;aumif;? ygPdae -azmfjy
xkwq f kd yk*Kd¾ vfowå0gwdYk r<S uif;aom avmurSw D if; owå0gcyif;wdYk ukd vnf;aumif;? t"d0wåEdÅ -vTr;f rd;k Budwzf suf
ESyd pf ufñOS ;f yef; owfjzwfuek f\/
uOö-d wpHw k a,mufaomolurkd Q? ey&d0aZÆwd -ra½SmifMuOf? oAÁar0 -wa,mufr<uif; cyif;OóHk tvH;k pHk
aom owå0gudo k mvQif? tbdr'´w?d Budwaf csESyd pf uf zsufq;D ñSO;f qJ \? ww¬ -xdak ojcif;w&m; ESyd pf ufzsuq f ;D &m
ü? [wåeD H -qifwYkd \? 0g -qifwyfwYkd \? 0g -qif;pD;ol&w J Ykd \? blrd -atmifEikd &f monf? 0g -atmif&mrSeaf yonfh
atmifajronf? etw¬d -r½Syd gacs? &xmeH -&xm;wdYk \? 0g -&xm;wyfwYkd\? 0g -&xm;pD; ol&w J Ykd \? blrd -atmifEikd f
&monf? 0g -atmif&mrSeaf yonfh atmifajronf? etwåd -r½Syd gacs? ywå, d m -ajconfo&l J wyfom;rsm;onf? blrd -
atmifEikd &f monf? 0g -atmif&mrSeaf yonfh atmifajronf? etw¬d -r½Syd gacs? rEÅ,ak 'ëpmy d-tmxAÁPaA'if pD&if
aqmif½u G cf sufjzifv
h nf;? aZwHk -atmifEikd jf cif;iSm? eouúm -rwwfaumif;acs? 0g -rpGr;f Edik yf gacs? "aee0g -ypön;f
Opömay;íaomfvnf;? aZwHk-atmifEikd jf cif;iSm? eouúm-rwwfaumif;ygacs? 0g-rpGr;f Edik yf gacs/
Ä
jrifah pmuf BuD;rm;ç ausmufaw mifrsm;wdYk ç trsm;oawåç Budwaf csaomvm;ç rjcm;
wlpmG ç Z&m"r®ç r&Pum;ç rsm;vS wGuaf &ç Adv k af jcwoif;ç owå0gcyif;udçk
owfñOS ;f Budwzf sufç olEydS pf uf \ç rdu k w f iG ;f eufvçS ,if;"r®wYkd ç cwå,
d ESiçhf
jAm[®Ppom;ç wyg;yg;rQç okccsrf;omç r&&mbl;ç vGepf mG xufvçS tmxAÁP
aA'ifç pDt&ifjzifçh pifppfrck sç Edik rf &bl;ç "r®EpS jf zmç Z&mr&Pç ,kwrf mvS \ç ,k'¨
ac:vpfç pifûydií f vnf;ç b,fenf;ESirhf Qç EdiI ;f r&½Siçhf "eOpömç ay;avygvnf;ç
rSepf mG ydik yf ikd çf rEdik af vbl;ç av;axGopömç odjrifumjzifçh trwmjynfciG çf 0ifpaH v
rSç tEdik &f rnfç rkcs rS wzf , G f uAsmwnf;/
9/ r[m,om &mZ0&mç r[mor®wtm'a,m?

awyd rpöK0oH ywåmç rm'daook uxm0 um/ 1
r[m,om-rsm;aomtNcHt&H pnf;pdrf tausmftapm½SMd uukeaf om? &mZ0&m -&mZ"rfq,f0 edpu ö siwhf wf

rif;jrwfrif;aumif; jzpfMuukeaf om? r[mor®wtm'a,m -r[mor®wrif;tp½Su d ek af om? awyd -wefc;kd tmPm
awZmBuD;vQif xdrk if;wdYk onfvnf;? rpöK0oH -aorif;\ tvdEk ikd if oH Ykd ? ywåm -vTrJ &yg vdu k yf gMu&avukef \? rm'd
aook-r[mor® &mZoeif; rif;wdYk yEkH ,S f *kPrf <u,fonfh ighE,
S yf *k Kd¾ vfwYkd ü? um uxm0-ao&rnfrmS tb,fqkd
zG,&f m½Syd gtHeh nf;/
Ä
r[mor®ç ponfrsm;jym;ç w&m;rif;wdYk ç r,Gi;f rkcsç aoavMu \ç avmujzpfvmç
owå0grSeo
f rQç igupíç rkcsao&rnfomwnf;/
10/ aZmwdaum Z#davm Oa*¾gç ar@aum txykPaÖ um?

{awpanp a, avmauç r[myknmwd 0dów k m/
1
oaAÁç r&PrmyEémç rm'daook uxm0 um/
aZmwdaum-Opömpnf;pdrf *kPo f ed jf ynf0h aZmwduoaX;BuD;vnf;aumif;? Z#davm -Opömpnf;pdrf *kPo f ed f

rsm;vS Z#dvoaX;BuD;vnf;aumif;? tx -xdrk w S yg;? ykPaÖ um -Opömpnf;pdrf *kPo f ed rf sm;vS ykPu
Ö oaX;vnf;
aumif;? £wd -þodYk ? {awp -azmfjyxkwq f kd þyk*Kd¾ vfwYkd onfvnf;aumif;? tan -wyg;wjcm;ukeaf om? avmau
-avmuBuD;twGi;f ü? r[myknmwd -bke;f uHBuD;rm;olwYkd [í l ? 0dów k m -ausmaf pmxif½mS ;Muukeaf om? a,p -
tMuify*k Kd¾ vfwYkd onfvnf;aumif;? oEÅd -½SMd uayuke\ f ? oaAÁ -tvH;k pHu k ek af om? aw -bke;f uHBuD;rm; xdyk *k Kd¾ vfrsm;
wdYk onf? r&PH -pkwjd ywfa<u aovGejf cif;odYk ? tmyEém -vSn;f vTrJ & a&mufMu&ukew f akH o; \? rm'daook -bke;f uH
r<u,f ighE, S yf *k Kd¾ vfwYkdü? um uxm0-tb,frmS vQif qdzk , G ½f ydS gtHeh nf;/
Ä
pnf;pdrBf uD;vSç aZmwduç rkcsao&onf?
pnf;pdrBf uD;vSç Z#dvç rkcsao&onf?
pnf;pdr;f BuD;us,fç ol<u,fO*¾ç aovGe&f ç rkcsrSeaf vonf?
pnf;pdrBf uD;vSç ar@uç rkcsao&onf?
pnf;pdrBf uD;vSç ykPuÖ ç rkcsao&onf?
pnf;pdrrf <u,fç igwdYk 0,fç tb,fqzkd ,
G ½f t
dS ehH nf;/
wde0kwdrydkif;
wwd,oHa0* q,f*gxm ygXfedó,ESifh oHa0*vuFm

1/ 0goka'a0g Ava'a0gç bDraoaem ,k"|d ad um?

pmEka&ma"m r[mrav’ç tEÅuó 0oH*awm/
2/ {0H xmrAvlaywmç £wdavmurSd 0dów

k m?
1
{awyd r&PH ,mwmç rm'daook uxm0 um/
0goka'a0g-tm;cGeAf v vGeBf uD;vSonfh aemifawmf0goka'0 rif;onfvnf;aumif;? Ava'a0g -tm;cGef

Av vGeBf uD;vSonfh nDawmf Ava'0rif;onfvnf;aumif;? bDraoaem -tm;cGeAf v vGeBf uD;vSonfh bDraoerif;
onf vnf;aumif;? ,k"|d ad um -tm;cGeAf v vGeBf uD;vSonfh ,k"|d vrif;onfvnf;aumif;? pmEka&ma"m -pmeka&m"
trnf½adS om? r[mrav’ -vufyef;onfBuD;onfvnf;aumif;? tEÅuó -aorif;\? 0g -aorif;ac:jim; aojcif;
w&m;\? 0oH-tvdEk ikd if o
H Ykd ? *wm-vdu
k yf gMu&uke\
f /
{0HxmrAvlaywm-odYk pOfx;l vS 0D&,

d tm;cGeAf vESihf jynfph o
kH wl Ykd [í
l ? avmurSd -avmutwGi;f ü? 0dów k m
-ausmaf pmxif½mS ;ukeaf om? {awyd -azmfjyxkwq f kd 0goka'0paom yk*Kd¾ vfwYkd aomfrv S nf;? r&PH -pkwjd ywfa<u
aovGejf cif;odYk ? ,mwm -a&mufMu&ukeaf o;\? rm'daook -xdo k w l Ykd tvm; tm;cGef rjynf<h u,f ighE,
S yf *k Kd¾ vfwYkd ü?
uxm-ao&rnf rao&rnf BuHpnfajymqdzk , G o
f nf? um0 um{0 -tb,frmS vQif½ydS gtHeh nf;/
Ä
cGet
f m;BuD;olç rsm;Advk vf çl aoolrsm;vSNyD? 0goka'0ç ponfrsm;vSç Avtm;tifç
vGevf QifBuD;olç Adv
k v
f wl Ykd vnf;ç ac:,laorif;ç jiif;qefr&ç vdu
k u
f ek Mf u \ç
Avr<u,fç igwdYk 0,fç tb,fqzkd , G ½f t
dS ehH nf;/
3/ yg'*F|k urawåeç a0Z,EÅrurÜ,?d

a,memrd'rd¨ wH aoa|mç 'kwad ,m t*¾om0aum/
4/ aomyd rpöKrkcH aCm&Hç rda*g oD[rkcH 0d,?

y0da|m o[ £'¨[ d çd rm'daook uxm0 um/ 1
£'¨rd wH-rd;k ysaH jrvQK;d wefc;kd tbdnmOf BuD;rm;ao m yk*Kd¾ vfwYkdwiG ?f aoa|m -xl;jcm;wHv k wf cs;D rGr;f tyfjrwf
awmfral om? 'kwad ,m -t½Sio f m&dyw k &å mudak xmufí ESpaf ,mufajrmuf&mxl;cH vuf0&J H jzpfawmfral om? a,mt*¾
om0aum-tMuift½Sirf [marm*¾vm’ ef *kPv f QHuv
J wf wynfjh rwfonf? yg'*F|k urawåe -ajcrawmfrQjzif?h a0Z,EÅH
-odMum;rif;aysmpf H a0Z,EÅmeef; AdrmefbakH qmifBuD;ud?k turÜ,d -oGuo f u
G cf g wkev f yI af pcJah vNyD? aomydemr -
xdok Ykd x;l tif wefc;kd ydik ½f iS f t½Siaf rm*¾vmef trnf½adS om ax&fr[m yk*Kd¾ vfjrwfBuD;onfaomfrv S nf;? rda*g -
om;aumifonf (om;orifonf)? oD[rkcH -jcaoFch w H iG ;f odYk (jcaoF rh if;yg;pyfwiG ;f odYk )? y0dowd,xm -0ifa&muf&
½SmouJo h Ykd ? £'d̈[d -wefc;kd awmfwYkdEiS ?hf o[ -twlwuG? aCm&H -tvGet f rif; xefjyif;Murf;êuwfvpS mG aom?
rpöKrkc-H ,kwrf mpif;pif; aorif; \cHwiG ;f odYk ? y0da|m -0ifawmfr&l acsao;\? rm'daook -wefc;kd £'d̈ r½Syd gjim; ighE, S f
yk*Kd¾ vfrsm;wdYk ü? uxm-ao&rnf rao&rnf BuHawG;awm ajymqdzk , G o
f nf? um0um{0 -tb,frmS vQif½ydS gtHeh nf;/
Ä
odMum;aysmfpçH a0Z,efuçkd zefzef,rd ;f ckeçf odro
hf rd w
hf ek af tmifç vIyaf qmifEikd jf im;ç
pGr;f &nf<um;onfçh jrwfzsm;om;awmfç t½Siaf rm*¾vm’ efaomfrçS r&P rif;ç olYvuf
wGi;f odYk ç oufqif;aomaxGç a&muf&acs \? jzpfavorQç tedpo ö nfç aMomf ...
oHa0*&zG,yf gwum;/
5/ avmuemxH XaywGmeç a,pan tw¬yd gPdaem?

ynm, om&dyw
k ó
å ç uvH em*¢EdÅ aomVoð/
6/ {0Hemr r[myanmç yXarm t*¾om0aum?

r&Pó 0oH yawåmç rm'daook uxm0um/ 1
avmuemxH-vlo;kH yg;wdYk \ tm;xm;ud;k uG,&f mtppf "r®&mZfreS u f l o,rÇLxGwx f m; oAÁñjk rwfpmG bk&m;
½Siuf ?kd XaywGme -csefxm;í? tan -bk&m;jrwfpmG rSwyg;ukeaf om? a,pygPdaem - tMuif owå0gwdYk o nfvnf;?
oEÅ-d ½SMd uayuke\ f ? awoHygPdeH -xdb k &k m;½SiMf uOfxm; owå0gtm;vH;k wdYk onf? ynm -½S½d o dS rQynmonf? om&d
ykwó å -om&dyw k &å m aMujimxifay: rax&fausmf \? 0g -bk&m;udk MuOf ynmacgifxd wkr½Sad om t½Sio f m&dyw k &å m
r[max&f\? ynm, -ynm\? aomVoð uvH wq,fah jcmufpw d w
f pdwu f d ?k 0g -ESp&f mhig;q,fah jcmufpwd f wpdwf
ud?k em*¢EdÅ-rrDEikd uf ek /f
{0Hemr r[myanm -odYk uavmufyiftvGev f Qiyf nmBuD;awmfral om? yXarm -a½S;OD;rqG yxrvufreG f
&mxl;cHí vusmf &Hjzpfawmrlaom? t*¾om0aum -t½Sio f m&dyw
k &å m aMujimxifay: t*¾om0urax&fjrwfBuD;
aomfrv
S nf;? r&Pó -,kwrf mpif;pif;aorif;\? 0oH -tvdEk ikd if o H Ykd ? yawåm -raoGrazmuf a&mufawmfr&l acsao;
\? rm'daook -ynmr<u,f ighE, S yf *k Kd¾ vfwYkdü? uxm -ao&vdrrhf nf rao&rnf BuHpnfawG;awm ajymqdzk , G o f nf?
um0-um{0-tb,frmS ½Syd gtHeh nf;? ew¬{d 0-r½Syd gacsonfom/
Ä
bk&m;udMk uOfç rnfawmfwiG çf t½Siof m&dyw k &å m?
odz,G rf sm;jzifçh tvGev
f Qifç ynmBuD;vSpmG ?
ynmBuD;vJç trSefyJç a½SmifvTJr&yg?
aorif;cHwiG ;f ç oloufqif;ç cyif;rsm;owåm?
aocsdeu f suç waeYusç rkcsao&rSm/
7/ wH wH edrw
d rå m*r®ç 0Dro
H EÅm ra[oa,m?
o,rÇLÓPawaZeç a, ywåm tmo0u©,/H
8/ {up&d,ed0gaoeç c*¾o*d o F rlyrm?

awyd emwd*wm rpöKH ç rm'daook uxm0 um/ 1
wHweH rd w d -Hå xdx

k t
kd aMumif;t&dyt f rSwf edrwd uf ?kd tm*r® -taMumif;ûyí? 0Dro H EÅm -pHpk rf;½SmazG Muukev f suf?
ra[odaem-jrwfaom oDvu©Ep¨ onf aus;Zl;*kPt f xl;udk ½Tijf rL;0rf;om ½SmrS;D awmfrMl u ukeaf om? o,rÇLÓP
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tmoa0gw&m;wdYk \ ukejf cif;odYk ? ywåm -raoGrazmuf a&mufawmf rlMuukeaf om? {up&d,ed0gaoe -tazmfrrS;D
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w&m;ud?k emwd*wm -rkcs{uef rawmfveS f rykeu f efEikd yf gacs? rm'daook -yapöuAk'g¨ jrwfpmG wdYk E, S f *kPrf <u,f
onfh ighE, S yf *k Kd¾ vfwkd Yü? uxm -ao&rnf rao&rnf BuHpnfajymqdzk , G o
f nf? um0 um{0 -tb,frSmvQif ½Sdyg
tHeh nf;? ew¬d {0-wpd;k wpd r½Syd gacsonfom/
Ä
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f ek Mf u \ç ighE, S o
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rSepf mG rkcsç ao&rnfrmS rvGyJ gwum;/
9/ {0H r[mEkbm0óç ,H emrwH ra[odaem?

e ba,e e vZÆm,ç r& PH 0orm*wH/
10/ edvZ’ HÆ 0Dwom&ZÆçH oAÁowåmbdr'é?H

w,d'H rm'doH owåçH uxH embd b0dówd/ 1
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k ef m? vZÆm,-½Suo f jzif?h e tm*wH -rvmrvdu k ?f 0g-rvdu
k ef m/
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k jd ywfa<u aovGejf cif;
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tbdb0dówd{0-vTr;f rd;k ESyd pf ufvrd rhf nfomwnf;/
Ä
a&mifawmfajcmufjzmç vu©PmBuD;i,fç vGew f ifw
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vQif;yifr½Suçf &ufpuf½ek Yf Murf;ç vGeq f ;kd oGr;f \ç t&rf;ûyumç ightm;b,frmS
csr;f omay;tHeh nf;/
pwke0kwdrydkif;
pwkw¬oHa0* q,f*gxm ygVdedó,ESifh oHa0*vuFm

1/ bm&m [a0 yOöuE© m¨ ç bm&m[ma&mp yk*a¾ vm?

bm&m 'geH 'kcH avmauç bm&edau©yeH okc/H 1
yOöuE© m¨ -cE¨mig;yg; ½kyef mrfw&m;wdYk onf? [a0 bm&m -pifppf{uef av;vHvpS mG 0efxyk 0f efy;kd BuD;wdYk yg
wnf;? bm&m[ma&mp -0efxyk 0f efy;kd udk xrf;aqmifaomolonfvnf;? yk*a¾ vm -cE¨mig;yg;½Sad om yk*Kd¾ vfygwnf;?
avmau-avmuü? bm&m'geH -ESpo f ufom,m wPSmjzpfvsuf topfcE¨m0efukd ,l&jcif;onf? 'kcH -tvGet f rif;
qif;&JvaS cs\? bm&edau©yeH -0dyóemÓPfç r*fÓPfwYkd jzifh wPSmudyk ,ftyfaomtm;jzifh cE¨m0efukd ypfcsvdu k f
jcif;onf? okcH-Munfomat;jr ab;rcyJ csr;f omvSygay\/
Ä
0efxyk q
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0efu,
kd ul ç qif;&JpçG ypfcscsrf;omygownf;/
2/ toDwu
d rd u
d v
k meHç a&m*geEÅ&Am[d,?H
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3/ ,xmyd om&m'a,m vau©ç uma,yd oAÁKy'´0g?

oGm,h aworÜd ygaweç uma,m rpökH ed*päw/d
uma,m-cEüdk,f½yk f taumifyyk o f nf? toDwu d rd u

d v
k meH -a&om;ausm½d;k ½d;k wGi;f jcifqD rSaD epm;aomuf
aoaysmufarG;zGm; emzsm;BuD;i,f vsifpeG Yf y,fonfh ½Spq f ,fac:½d;k yd;k rsKd;taygif;wdYk EiS v
hf nf;? om"m&aPm -ydik q f ikd f
qufqaH cs\? awoH -xdyk ;kd rsKd;½Spq f ,fwYkd \? 0om -tpGr;f aMumif?h uma ,m-emrf 0dnmOfrDS cE¨mud, k ½f yk o
f nf? rpöKH -
aoqH;k ysupf ;D jcif;odYk ? ed*päwd -{uefrazmuf a&muf&acs \? tEÅ&Am[d,H tEÅ&Am[d,meH -ud, k wf iG ;f ud,
k yf üjzpf
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ajcmufjzm ab;a& m*gwdYk \? 0om -tpGr;f aMumif?h uma,m -emrf0n d mOfrDS cE¨mud,k ½f yk o f nf? rpöKH -aoqH;k ysupf ;D jcif;
odYk ? ed*päwd-yHak orazmuf a&muf&\/
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yywEÅ, d xm-usa&mufuek o f uJo
h Ykd? wxm -xdYk txl? uma,yd -cE¨mud, k ½f yk f taumifyyk üf vnf;? oAÁKy'´0g -
tvH;k pHak om Oy'á0g ab;&efwYkd onf? ywEÅd -usa&mufuek \ f ? oGm,H -aom t,H uma,m -xdak v;yg;"mwfckd
cE¨mud, k of nf? aworÜd -xdak b;Oy'f'PfcsufwYkd \vnf;? ygawe -ay:aygufusa&mufjcif;aMumif?h rpöKH -ysufp;D ao
qH;k jcif;odYk ? ed*päwd-yHak orazmufa&muf&\/
Ä
yd;k rsKd;½Spq
f ,fç rSw D ,
G af eMuç þum,ç rkcspufqyk zf , G yf gwum;? ,if;yd;k rsKd;rsm;ç
tpGr;f tm;aMumifçh "mwfom; "mwf½yk çf taumifyyk çf rkcsaoqH;k wwf onfwum;?
þud, k cf E¨mç ema&m*gç rsm;pGmqufq aH cs\wum;? ud;k q,fah jcmufjzmç ema&m*g
aMumifçh cE¨mþud, k çf trSeu
f çkd ,Gi;f ,dyk sufp;D Edik o
f nfwum;? rSwwf ikd pf uf0,fç
jrm;oG,o f ,G çf wu,fusa&muf ysufp;D avonf wum;? a&m*goG,o f ,G çf þ
ud, k 0f ,fç wu,fusa&muf ysupf ;D wwfonf wum;/
4/ tAvH 'kAv
Á H tm,kç A[l[d orÁEḦ ba0?
wo®m rk[w k Eå aÅ &ydç ba0,s r&PH [d a0/ 1
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onfvnf;aumif;? 'kAv Á H -tm;enf;vSonfvnf;aumif;? A[l[d -xGuo f ufç 0ifo uf av;csu£
f &d,m wjzmylat;
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ba0-jzpf\? wo®m -xdYk aMumif?h rk[w
k Eå aÅ &yd - wrk[w
k f csuw
f ûzwf wdak wmif;aom umvtwGi;f üvnf;? r&PH -
pkwjd ywfa<u aovGejf cif;onf? a0 ba0,swd -{uefpifppf jzpfEikd af yonfom/
Ä
½kyef mrfEpS jf zmç oufcE¨mç rSepf mG tm;r½Syd gacswum;?
½kyef mrfEpS jf zmç oufcE¨mç vGepf mG tm;enf;vSacs\wum;?
xGuo f uf 0ifoufç av;csuf£&d,mç tpjzmç rSepf mG pyfíae \ wum;?
cPcsufcsif;ç umvwGi;f ç ½kwcf sif;aoEdik af yonfwum;/
5/ ZD0w
d H Asm"d umavm pç a'[edau©yeH *wd?
yaOöaw ZD0avmuo®çð tedrwd må e em,a&/ 2
ZD0w d -H touf0n d mOf ½Sijf cif;vnf;aumif;? Asm"d -ESyd pf ufjyif;pGm rcHomatmif zsm;em&jcif;vnf;aumif;?
umavmp-pkwjd ywfa<u aovGe&f mtcgvnf;aumif;? a'[edau©yeH - cE¨maumif½yk f tykyu f m, pGeYf ypf&mt&yf
vnf;aumif;? *wd -vm;a&muf&rnf*h wdvnf;aumif;? £wd -þodYk ? {awyOö -þ ig;rsKd;wdYk u?kd ZD0avmuo®ð -
touf0n d mOf ½Siq f jJ zpfaom þavmuü? ted rdwmå -tydik ;f tjcm; trSwt f om; r½Sd ukeo
f nfjzpfí? e em,a& -
{uefyikd yf ikd f rodtyfEikd u
f ek /f
Ä
avmuZmwfcçkH êuHvmjzpfvmç owå0gum;ç emzsm;a&m*gç wjzmouf½iS çf xdYk jyif
wyg;ç uif;jim;ZDa0ç ao&mumvç ypfcscE¨mç vm;&mXmeç b0[lonfç þig;vD
um;ç rSwo f m; r½Sdç rodEdkifygç cE¨mig;0ç tedpyö gwum;ç cE¨mig;0ç 'ku©ygwum;ç
cE¨mig;0ç tewåygwum;/
6/ tyÜrm,krEkómeHç [DaV,seH okayg&daom?

pa&,sm'dwoå aD om0ç ew¬d rpöKó em*arm/ 1
rEkómeH-ckacwfaygufzmG ; vly*k Kd¾ vfrsm;wdYk \? tm,k -toufonf? 0g -touf½n S &f m umvonf? tyÜH -
vGepf mG umv wdak wmif;vSacs \? okayg&daom -w&m;ouf0if olawmfpif olawmfaumif;onf? eH -xdt k oufu?kd 0g -
xdt
k ouf½iS &f mumvud?k [DaV,s -uJ&h UJ ½Iwcf s&m\? tm'dwo å aD om -&J&aJ jymifajymif acgif;rD;avmifc&H oluo
hJ d Yk ?
pa&,s-rem;rae w&m;azGí usiBhf uHay&m \? rpöKó -aorif;ac:jim; aojcif;w&m; \? em*arm -rvmra&muf
&monf? ew¬d-wuGufurS r½Sdygacs/
Ä
ckacwfêuH&ç vlYavmuç wdv k oS ufZ0D g?
touf0dnmOfç olawmfpifç rSefyif½Iwfcsyg?
acgif;rD;avmifjim;ç yk*Kd¾ vfvm;ç w&m;usifah vyg?
aorif;rvm&mç &yfa'omç rSepf mG r½Syd g/
7/ twåm a*a[ ed0wåaEÅç okomae rdwAå E¨0g?

okuwH 'ku#ú H ur®çH *päEHÅ tEk*päw/d
twåm-&wema½TaiG ax aG xGpom; Opömrsm;wdYk onf? a*a[ -a*a[{0-aeNrJae&m tdraf *[müomvQi?f

ed0wåaEÅ-aoolaemufoYkd ra&mufrygvpf ae&pfavukef \? rdwAå E¨0g -rdbESpyf g; om;ESio hf rD;ZeD;rdcif cspfuRef;0if
olwYkdonf? okomae okomae{0 -okomefocsKiØ ;f üomvQi?f 0g -okomae okomeawm -okomefocsKiØ ;f ajrvkyf
wdik ;f rS? a*[H -tdro
f Ykd ? ed0wåaEÅ -jyefomG ;Muuke\
f ? okuwH -aumif;pGmûytyfaom? ur®H -ukov kd u
f H okp½duk f uHonf
vnf;aumif;? 'ku#ú H -raumif;ojzifh ûytyfaom tukov kd u
f H 'kp½du
k u
f o
H nfvnf;aumif;? *päEHÅ -twnfrus b0
wyg; ajymif;oGm;&oloYkd ? tEk*päwd -t&dyyf rm ruGmpOfpu kd f vdu k af v\/
Ä
a½TaiG&wemç Opömjrm;ajrmifç oH;k aqmifz,
G &f mç jzmjzmpnf;pdrçf tdrrf mS ae&pfç pifppf
wHxmG ç "r®wmwnf;ç MuifemvSpmG ç vGecf spfpmG jim;ç orD;om;ESiçhf ZeD;cspfcifç
tMuifvifvnf;ç rSeyf ifrck sç aemufurygç {uefomwnf;ç zefcgqnf;pk ç rdrûd y
onfçh aumif;rIraumif;rIç tvkypf o k maemufuygonfç uHomud, k yf ikd Of pömwnf;/
8/ o&D&ó *kPmeOöç 'k&rpöErÅ EÅ&?H

H¨ çd uyÜE|Å m,Daem *kPm/ 1
o&D&H cP0d'o
o&D&ó-cE¨mud, k \
f vnf;aumif;? *kPmeOö -ud, k üf wnf½adS om oDvç orm"dç ynmtp½Sad om *kPf
aus;Zl;wdYk \vnf;aumif;? tpöEHÅ -pifppf{uef trSerf ck s? tEÅ&H -txl;tjym; jcm;em;jcif;onf? 'k&H -a0;uGmvSacs\?
o&D&-H cE¨mud,
k o
f nf? cP0d'o H¨ d -cPrMum ysufv, G v f aS om oabm½Sd \? *kPm -ZD0wdaNE´ wnfaetcdu k f
ud,
k üf wnfaom *kPaf us;Zl;wdYk onfrul m;? uyÜE|Å m,daem-urÇmqH;k onfwikd af tmif wnfwwfuek f\/
Ä
t½Snrf Mumç ud,
k cf E¨mum;ç w&mtESpçf ud, k üf jzpfom;ç jyefppfEiId ;f avsmfç aus;Zl;
aomfrçl usL;ausmfuek cf ef;ç urÇmuRrf;onfç O'gef;rausç vljynfewf&yfç yJw h if
xyfvrd /hf
(0d"&l ysKYd )
9/ [m a,m*g 0dyaÜ ,m*EÅmç [m edpHö oAÁocFw?H

[m ZD0w
d H 0demoEÅçH £pömod y&da'0em/
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,SOw f jJG cif; [lorQwYkdonf? 0dyaÜ ,m*EÅm -waeYaeYwiG f uGu J mG jcif;vQif tqH;k ½Sud ek f \? oAÁocFwH -ocFg&OóHk
tvH;k pHo k nf? [m edpHö [m tedpHö -aMomf t½Snt f pGJ tNrJr½Sad vwum;? ZD0w d H -touf0n d mOf ½Si&f jcif;onf? [m
0demoEÅ-H aMomf ysupf ;D jc if;vQif tqHk;½Sdacs \ wum;? £wd -þodYk qí kd ? y&da'0em -rsu&f nfvmT pdk id, k jkd rnfwrf;
jcif;onf? tmod-jzpfNyD/
Ä
aygif;qHMk u&ç waeYusç uG&J jcif;tqH;k ½Spd w
G um;?
ocFg&OóHçk tvH;k pHçk tukerf NrJygwum;?
0dnmOfwif;vif;ç ouf½iS jf cif;um;ç aojcif;aemufq;kH ½Sd \wum;/
10/ Zmwó r&PH a[mwdç Zmawm 'kum© ed zkowd?

AE¨H 0rH y&dau’oçH wo®m Zmwð e a&mpa,/ 1
Zmwó-pGv J moaE¨ wnfaew v kH pf jzpfay:vmaomowå0gtm;? r&PH -pkwjd ywfa<u aovGe&f jcif;onf?

a[mwd-rvGyJ akH ojzpf&acs\? Zmawm -pGv J moaE¨ wnfaewHvk pf jzpf&aomowå0gonf? 'kum© ed -axGaxGrsm;vS
qif;&J'u
k w © Ykd u?kd zkowd -rêuHcsivf J vTrJ &acs êuHawGY&ay \? AE¨H -wkyaf ESmifcsnw
f nf; zrf;qD;jcif;udv
k nf; aumif;?
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vnf;aumif;? zkowd -êuHawGY&\? wo®m -xdYk aMumif?h Zmwð -pGv J moaE¨wnfaejcif;ud?k e a&mpa, -rêuduf
rESpo
f uf&m/
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pGJvmoaE¨ç aeavwHkuç r &PESiçhf rkcs{uefç êuH&rSef \ç zefzefeeJ çJ qif;&J'u k ç©
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rkcsyakH oç êuH&avonf? oaE¨Zmwdç aMumufz, G wf nf;/
yOöe0kwdrydkif;
yOöroHa0*q,f*gxm ygVdedó,ESifhoHa0*vuFm
1/ ZD0w
d H OyeD,wdç tyÜH tm,k y&dwu
å ?H
Z½lyeDwó e oEÅçd wmPm avmPm y&m,Pm/
owåmeH-pGv
J moaE¨ wnfaejzpfvm owå0gwdYk \? ZD0w
d H -toufZ0D ed u
f ?kd OyeD,wd -Z&mw&m;onf
aojcif;odYk a&mufatmif aqmif,t l yf\? tm,k -toufonf? 0g -touforkwf emrfEiS ½hf yk o f nf? tyÜH -tyfay:
rHn
k if; jrufay:qD;ESi;f odYk enf;usOf;wdak wmif;vS \? y&dwu å H -umvr½Snf enf;vSacs \? Z½lyeDwó -tdrk if;&ifah &mf
rSnahf ysmfjcif; Z&mw&m;onf aojcif;odYk aqmif,t l yfaom owå0gtm;? wmPm -apmifah ½Smufwm;jrpfEikd af om ajr;ç
jrpfç om;ç orD;ç ZeD;ç vifom;ç rdb ponfwYkd onfvnf;aumif;? avPm -yke;f atmif;&m t&yfwYkd onfvnf;
aumif;? y&m,Pm-vJavsmif;rScD t kd m;ud;k &m rdwaf qGwYkd onf vnf;aumif;? e oEÅd -rkcsyHkao r½Sdygacsukef/
Ä
Z&mrD;a&mifç vGeaf wmufajymifç aoatmifaqmifyYkd onf?
touf½iS &f mç csdetf cgç vGepf mG enf;vSygownf;?
raozdYk &mç tm;ud;k p&mç b,frmS r½SNd yD?
w&m;usifu h mç tm;ud;k &mç rSepf mG ûy&rnf/
2/ ykAP
Á mS 'dumvm tapöEçdÅ w&,EÅpd &wåad ,m?
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ykAP
Á mS 'dumvm-eHeufpom; tcsdeu f mvrsm;wdYk onf? tapöEdÅ -wa½TUa½TUpm; vGeo f mG ;ukef \? &wåyd ,m -
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f /
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3/ oaAÁ owåm r&dóEÅçd r&PEÅH [d ZD0w d ?H

,xm ur®H *rdóEÅdç yknygyzvly*g?
¾ /ð 1
ed&,H ygyur®EmÅ ç yknur®mp ok*w
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f rd v
hf wåUH ?
ZD0w d -H touf0n d mOf ½Si&f jcif;onf? r&PEÅ[ H d -pkwjd ywfa<u aovGejf cif;vQif tqH;k ½Sad csonfom? yknygyzvl
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*rdóEÅd-vm;a&mufMu&ukev f rd v
hf wå?H yknur®mp -aumif;rI½o dS w
l Ykd onfum;? ok*wð -vlY&yfewfxH aumif;rIuûH yol
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hf wå/H
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rdrûd yzefç uHtavsmufç vma&muf&jcif;½Sad cs\?
raumif;ûyuç ed&,ç vm;&oabm½Sad cs\?
aumif;rIûyrlç vlY&yfewfxçH pkeuf mqefç jzpf&yfreS v
f yS gay\/
4/ oaAÁ0 eduyd© ó
d EÅçd blwm avmau orkó,H?
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wxm*awm AvyÜawåmç orÁKa'¨g y&deAd KÁ awm/ 2
abmaEÅm-y&deAd mÁ ef 0ifp<H uoGm; bk&m;½Six f yH g;ü nGww f mG ;canmif; tdyk &dowftaygif;wdYk ? ,wå ,o®ð
avmau-tMuif owåavmuBuD;twGi;f ü? {wm'daom -þodYk vmbmç vmb ponftwefwef avmu"HaMumifh
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f yd w
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jzifh pyfípkcsKyf cE¨mud, k ½f yk u f ?kd eduyd© ód EÅd -olaojr§KyfEHS ajrokomefü {uefrck s pGeYf ypfMu&ukev
f rd v
hf wåUH /
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rkcsqwfqwfç ysufjcif;oabm½Sad csonf wum;/
5/ tedpmö 0w ocFg&mç OyÜg'0,"r®ad em?

OyÜZw dÆ mG ed½Zk ÑEÅçd awoH yl0oarm okacg/ 1
ocFg&m-½kyef mrf"r® ocFg&[lorQwdYk onf? tedpmö 0w -ûyuGyJ supf J rIeYf reI Yf BuJí rNrJuek pf w
G um;? OyÜg'0,
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wdYk \? 0lyoarm-Nidr;f &m{uef edAmÁ efonfomvQi?f okacg -Munfomat;jr ab;rcyJ csr;f omvSacs\/
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ocFg&OóHçk tvH;k pHçk tukerf NrJygwum;?
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G um;?
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6/ 'kum© 0w ocFg&mç OyÜg '0,"r®ad em?

OyÜZwdÆ mG ed½Zk ÑEÅçd awoH 0lyoarm okacg/
ocFg&m-½kyef mrf"r® ocFg&wdYk onf? 'kum© 0w -qif;&Jjcif;oabm½Su d ek pf w

G um;? OyÜg'0,"r®ad em -jzpfjcif;ç
ysufjcif;oabm½Sud ek \f ? OyÜZw
dÆ mG -taMumif;pHpk kH aygif;umpHv
k suf jzpfuek Nf yD;í? ed½k ZÑEÅ-d ysupf ;D uG,yf csKyfaysmufMu
uke\
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ab;rcyJ csr;f omvSay\/
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½kyef mrfEpS 0f ç jzpforQç rkcscsKyfjcif;½Spd w
G um;?
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7/ tewåm 0w ocFg&mç OyÜg'0,"r®ad em?

OyÜZw
dÆ mG ed½Zk ÑEÅçd awoH 0lyoarmokacg/
ocFg&m-½kyef mrf"r® ocFg&wdYk onf? tewåm0w -tvdo k Ykd rvdu

k f têuduo f Ykd rvdu
k yf gukepf w
G um;?OyÜg'0,
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S ek f \? OyÜZw
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\/
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8/ oaAÁ ocFg&m tedpmö wdç ,'g ynm, yówd?

tx edAEdÁ w d̈ m/ 1
´ d 'kau©ç {o ra*¾g 0do'k ,
oaAÁ-<uif;rJOh óHk tvH;k pHu

k ek af om? ocFg&m -uH pdwf O [m aMumif;av;jzmwdYk aygif;umûyjyif pD&iftyf
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0do'k ,
d¨ m-udavombif pifMu,fjcif;\? ra*¾g-taMumif;aywnf;/
Ä
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h ifç ½Ijrifavuç 0#f'u
k B© uD;ç NiD;aiGYrek ;f umç
raysmw
f mç rSepf mG udavomç pifMu,faMumif; aywnf;/
9/ oaAÁ ocFg&m 'ku© mwdç ,'g ynm, yówd?

oaAÁ-<uif;rJOh óHk tvH;k pHu k ek af om? ocFg&m -uH pdwf O [m aMumif;av;jzmwdYk aygif;umûyjyif pD&iftyf
jim; cE¨mig;yg; ½kyef mrfw&m;wdYk onf? 'kum© -tvGet f rif; qif;&Jjcif;oabm½Sd uk ef\? £wd -þodYk ? ,'g -
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NiD;aiGYjcif; raysmaf rGYjcif;onf? 0do'k ,
Ä ocFg&cyif;ç qif;&Jtifuçkd ynmjzifq

h ifç ½Ijrifavuç 0#f'u
k B© uD;ç NiD;aiGUrke;f wmç
pdwyf suw
f mç rSepf gmudavom pifMu,faMumif;aywnf;/
10/ oaAÁ "r®m tewåmwdç ,'g ynm, yówd?

oaAÁ-<uif;rJOh óHk tvH;k pHu

k ek af om? "r®m -cE¨mig;yg; w&m;wdYk onf? tewåm -rdrw
d Ykdu tpd;k r&jcif;aMumifh
rdrt
d vdo k Ykd vu
kd í
f rdro
d abmus pDraH y;wwfaom tpd;k &twår[kwyf guke?f £wd -þodYk ? ,'g -tMuiftcgüç
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'kau©-xefonf;jyif;jy oHo&m0#f'u k ü© ? edAEdÁ w
´ d -NiD;aiGU\? {o -{aom-þoHo&m0#fBuD;ü NiD;aiGYjcif;onf?
0do'k ,
Ä cE¨mig;0ç tewåjzpftifç ynmjzifq h ifç ½Ijrifavuç 0#f'u

k B© uD;ç NiD;aiGYrek ;f wmhç
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qEé0kwdrydkif;
q|oHa0*q,f*gxm ygXfteufESifh oHa0*vuFm
1/ taZÆ0 udprö mwyÜçH aum Znm r&PH oka0?

e [d aem o*F&H aweç r[maoaee rpöKem/ 2
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yefapwwfaom vHYk v0D&, d ud?k udpHö -rqdik ;f rwG rkcsqwfqw f ûytyfç ûyoifçh ûyxdu
k f \? oka0 -eufjzefü? r&PH -
pkwjd ywfa<u aovGejf cif;ud?k aum -tb,fy*k Kd¾ vfonf? Znm -*eaocsm od&mtHeh nf;? r[maoaee -a&ç rD;ç
tqdyçf vufeufç a&m*g ponfjzifh aoapEdik af Mumif; ppfonfaygif;rsm;pGm½Sad om? awe rpöKem -aorif;ac:jim;
xdak ojcif;w&m;ESi?hf o*F&H -&ufcsde;f ay;xm;jcif;ç wHp;kd vufaqmifay;xm;jcif;ç ckcEH ikd af tmif ppfonfAv
kd yf g
pkaqmif;xm;jcif;onf? e [d tw¬d -rkcsyHak o r½Syd gacsonfom/
Ä
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ay;jcif;ç wHp;kd ESi;f rIç ckcrH [
I çk tpkprk mS ç rSepf mG r½SEd ikd yf gacswum;/
2/ {uaóaue uayÜeç yk*v ¾ ó|doOöa,m?

od,m yAÁwoarm &modç £wd 0kwHå ra[odem/ 1
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ü? t|doOöa,m -t½d;k taygif;onf? yAÁwoarm -a0ykva’ wmifEiS w hf al om? &mod -tpktyHo k nf? od,m -jzpf&m\?
£wd-þodYk ? r[odem r[m£odem-rkex d w
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f nf? 0kwHå -a[mawmfrt l yfNyD/
Ä
tdo
k al wmfpifç em;0,fqifavmhç tajymus,fpmG ç oHo&mum;ç b,fcgb,fuç
b,for,uç píjzpftifç pwifonf[çk rnfow l OD;ç rodb;l wnf;ç txl;Muyf
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Z&m"r®ç r&PodYk ç rkcspifppfç qufíjzpf&mç ZmwdjywfrçS Nidr;f rnfwnf;/
3/ tm,k Oo®mp 0dnmPHç ,'g um,H Z[EÅrd ?H

ty-0da'¨g w'g aowdç y&bwåH tapweH/
4/ {wm'dom,H oEÅmaemç rm,m,H Amvvm0de?D

0"aum {o tu©mawmç oma&m {w¬ e 0dZw Æ /d 1
tm,kp-toufac:Mu ZD0w d onfvnf;aumif;? Oo®mp -taiGYac:rSwf awaZm "mwfonfvnf;aumif;?

0dnmPHp-0dnmOfonfvnf;aumif;? ,'g -tMuiftcgü? £rHum,H -þcE¨mud, k f ½lyum,ud?k Z[EÅd -pGeYf cmG uke\
f ?
w'g-xdktcgü? ty0da'¨g -okomefwp ocsKØi;f 0ü pGeYf ypftyfonfjzpfí? aowd - pif;pif;vJae tdyaf vsmif;&acs \?
wHo&D&-H pGeYf ypfcsxm; xdt
k aoaumifu,
kd u
f m,o nf? y&bwåH -yd;k avmufpom; wyg;aom owå0gwdYk \ tpm
onf? [kwmG -jzpfí? tapweH-pdwaf pwemr½Sd awmhonf? a[mwd -jzpf\/
t,HoEÅmaem-pGeYf ypfjcif;[laom þoabmtpOfonf? {wm'daom -þtwdkif;½Ityfaom oabm½Sd \?

t,H-þ0dnmPu©Em¨ onf? Amvvm0deD -rdu k u
f ef;tE¨ ykxZk OfvYl Am vwdYk ukd igig[kpv
JG rf; ajymqdak pwwfaom?
rm,m-rsufvn
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Ä trsm;oligç ½IzG,f&mum;ç av;jzm"mwfcçkd ud, k u

f m,um;ç ZD0w d ESiçhf Oo®0n d mOfç
pGeYf onfwiG rf çS rsm;jzifaomif;aomif;ç aqGrsdK;aygif;wdYk ç tavmif;aumifuçkd
aqmif,cl sDrç xrf;ukeMf uíç okomefwpç pGeYf ypfMuojzifçh rsm;vSaxGjym;ç
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rifMuç cifrifMu \ç &cJpmG vSç vlYb0udçk aumif;pGm&cdu k çf vHYk vpdu
k íf ç tm;wdu k f
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aemufaemif½zI , G w
f nf;/
5/ Asm"d"r®m Z&m"r®mç taxm r&P"r®ad em?

£wd edpHö ta0au©,sç 0dpu©aPm 'd0gedo/H
owåm-êuHvmjzpfvm owå0gwdYk onf? Asm"d"r®m -ud;k q,fah jcmufjzm ab;a&m*gwdYk jzifh rrmruse;f yifyef;
BuD;pGm emusijf cif; zsm;emjcif; oabm½Su d ek f \? Z&m"r®m -oGm;usK;d qHjzL i,fr,
l ,kd iG ;f tdrk if;&ifah &mf rSnahf ysmjf cif;
oabm½Su d ek \
f ? taxm -xdrk w S yg;? r&P"r®ad em -pkwjd ywfa<u aovGejf cif; oabm½Su d ek f \? £wd -þodYk ? edpHö -
tNrJepd ö xm0&? 'd0gedoH -aeYnOfyh wfv;kH ? 0dpu©aPm -awG;ac:EdiI ;f ñSd ynm½Sd olawmfaumif;onf? ta0au©,s -
½Iqifjcif&m\/
Ä Zmwdqufumç jzpfvmêuHvmç owå0gum;ç a&m*grsKd;pHçk êuHawGY&jcif;ç td&k jcif;ESiçhf

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ajrmfjrifç ynm½Sio f nfç tpOfxm0&ç tyÜrm'w&m;ç yGm;rsm;qifjcif&mownf;/
6/ Z&m"ar®mp Asm"dpç taxmyd r&P"ar®m?

ur®EdÅ aeoH pwkEçHé yg#dabma*g e 0dZw
Æ /d
Z&m"ar®mp-qHjzLoGm;a<u ta&avsmhyg; cg;udik ;f í rsufprd eI f tpHpk t

kH zHzk kH td&k jcif;oabm w&m;vnf;
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taxmyd r&P"ar®mp -xdYk jyifwyg; aoqH;k &jcif; oabmw&m ;vnf;aumif;? ur®pH -rdrûd yzef tukov kd u
f H
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Htay Ra Woat Tan Ta Wi Lar Thi Ni 2

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