NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY

College Of Criminal Justice Education

Don Mariano Marcos Ave., Laoag City, Ilocos Norte, Philippines
Registration: 31Q16365

LEA 4 – LAW ENFORCEMENT

ORGANIZATION
and PLANNING with CRIME MAPPING

MODULE 3: ORGANIZATIONAL OPERATIONS

After learning the module, the learner should be able to:

1. perform the organizational operation of the different law enforcement
agency;
2. discuss the different law enforcement agency organizational operation.

LEA 4 – LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS WITH CRIME MAPPING

by Gigi C. Abbott
 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
College Of Criminal Justice Education
Don Mariano Marcos Ave., Laoag City, Ilocos Norte, Philippines
Registration: 31Q16365

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE OPERATIONS

Civilian national police force of the Philippines. It is a community service oriented agency responsible
for the maintenance of peace and order in public safety. It is national in scope and civilian in character
administered and controlled by a national police commission (RA 8551, Sec 2)

Powers and Functions (RA 6975, Sec. 24, 1990)

1. Enforce all laws and ordinances relative to the protection of lives and properties;
2. Maintain peace and order and take all necessary steps to ensure public safety.
3. Investigate and prevent crime, effect the arrest of criminal offenders, bring offenders too justice and
assist in their operation.
4. Exercise general powers to make arrest, search and seizure in accordance with the Constitution and
pertinent laws;
5. Detain an arrested person for a period not beyond what is prescribed by law, informing the person so
detained of all his rights under the Constitution;
6. Issue licenses for the possession of firearms and explosives in accordance with law;
7. Supervise and control the training and operations of security agencies and issues licenses to operate
security agencies, and to security guards and private detectives, for the practice of their professions;
and
8. Perform such other duties and exercise all other functions as may be provided by law.

PNP OPERATIONAL GUIDELINES

Police shall respect and uphold the human rights and dignity of all persons at all times.
Regardless of the type of function to be performed and/or police operations to be conducted, all PNP
personnel must know by heart and shall comply with and apply the following principles and procedures
(POP Manual 2021).

LEA 4 – LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS WITH CRIME MAPPING

by Gigi C. Abbott
 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
College Of Criminal Justice Education
Don Mariano Marcos Ave., Laoag City, Ilocos Norte, Philippines
Registration: 31Q16365

To Serve and Protect. To serve the public, protect life and property.
To Respect Human Rights and Dignity of Person. Shall respect and uphold the human rights
and dignity of all persons at all times.

CATEGORIES OF POLICE OPERATION (Revised PNP Police Operational Procedure 2021)

1. Patrol operations. Most basic police function known as the backbone of policing.
2. Law enforcement operation. Service of warrant of arrest, implementation of search warrant, enforcement
of visitorial powers of the COP, and other anti-criminality operations.
3. Internal Security Operations. Counterterrorism operations and similar operations against other threat
groups
4. Public safety Operations. Critical incident management procedure, search, rescue and retrieval
operations, hostage situation, civil disturbance management operation, management of health and
hazards and other operations that promote publicly.
5. Special Police Operations. High risk checkpoint and roadblock operation, police assistance in the
implementation of order from the court and other quasi-judicial bodies, security to major and special
events, aircraft hi-jacking operations, visit, board search and seizure of marine vessels and similar police
operations conducted by police units with specialized training in the peculiarity of the mission or
purpose.
6. Investigation Operations. Investigation of crime or incident, SOCO, administrative investigation and
other investigative work necessary to determine facts and circumstances for filing the case criminally or
administratively.
7. Police Community Relations. Interrelated dimensions to accomplish its mission namely; community
affairs and development, public information and information and development operations to forge
partnership and strengthen collaboration and linkages with the community.

Requirements of Police Operations

In all planned police operations, the team leader of the operation tea, shall secure Pre-Operation
Clearance prior to the conduct of operation approved by the Chief/Commander/Head of Office/Unit and
must be submitted at the Operations Section Division of concerned operating police units for record
purposes. (POP Manual, 2021, Sec 2-1)
The basic requirements of police operations such as but not limited to arrest, search and seizure,
checkpoints, roadblocks and civil disturbance management are conducted as follows:
1. With marked police vehicle;
2. Led by Police Commissioned Officer (PCO) or the most senior Police Non-Commissioned Officer
(NPCO); and
3. With personnel in prescribed police uniform except for covert operatives when serving the arrant of
arrest provided personnel in uniform shall be present during the arrest.
4. With the use of Body Worn Cameras (BWCs) and Alternative Recording Devices (ARDs) during
conduct of searches and arrests.

LEA 4 – LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS WITH CRIME MAPPING

by Gigi C. Abbott
 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
College Of Criminal Justice Education
Don Mariano Marcos Ave., Laoag City, Ilocos Norte, Philippines
Registration: 31Q16365

Use of Force Policy

In the performance of duty the police officer shall use necessary and reasonable force to
accomplish his/her mandated task enforcing the law and maintaining peace and order. The necessity and
reasonableness of the force employed will depend upon the following: (POP Manual, 2021, Sec 2-4)
1. Number of aggressors
2. Nature and characteristics of the weapon used
3. Physical condition
4. Size and other circumstances to include the place and occasion of the assault

Three Approaches in the Use of Force Continuum

Force Continuum is a linear-progressive decision making process which displays the arrays of
police reasonable responses commensurate to the level of suspect/law offender’s resistance to effect
compliance, arrest and other law enforcement actions. (POP Manual, 2021, Sec 2-4, 2.9)
1. Non-lethal Approach.
2. Less Lethal Approach.
3. Lethal Approach.

Use of Firearm during Police Operations

The use of firearm is justified of the offender poses an imminent danger of causing death or
injury to the police officer or other persons. It is also justified under the doctrines of self-defense,
defense of a relative, defense of a stranger. Police shall not use warning shot during police operations
except when the police office is outnumbered and overpowered, and his/her life and limb is in imminent
danger. (POP Manual, 2021, Sec 2-5)
1. The intent of the suspect/s to harm the police officer or other persons;
2. The capability of the suspect/s to harm with certainty the police officer or other persons;
3. Accessibility or the proximity of the suspect/s from the police officer and other persons.

PATROL
It is the action traversing a district or beat or if going the rounds along a chain of guards for
observation or the maintenance if security.
Police Patrols play an important role in public service by a responding to incidents, deterring and
preventing crimes.

LEA 4 – LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS WITH CRIME MAPPING

by Gigi C. Abbott
 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
College Of Criminal Justice Education
Don Mariano Marcos Ave., Laoag City, Ilocos Norte, Philippines
Registration: 31Q16365

Guidelines in Patrolling
1. Conduct briefing before and debriefing after patrol operations.
2. Perform firearm and equipment check prior to dispatch.
3. Observe precautionary measures and personal safety while on patrol;
4. Plan out patrol routes based n prevailing crime trend and patterns;
5. Observe defensive driving and follow traffic rules and regulations;
6. Establish good rapport with people on your beat and be familiar with all the people in the
community.
7. Patrol members must be always on the look-out for indications of vices and other illegal activities on
their beat.
8. Patrol members must be knowledgeable of all conditions events and details of places on their beat;
9. Be observant of people, places, situations or conditions and develop an inquisitive attitude especially
if the subject appears ti be slightly out of the ordinary.
10. Keep under close observation actions of juvenile trouble makers/agitators and the mentally
ill/retarded persons and
11. When requiring proof of identification from any person him/her and hand it over to you; and
12. Patrol members must inform the tactical operations center before responding to any incident.

Patrol Officers
a. Attend the roll call formation before his/her Tour of Duty for briefing and likewise attend the
after Tour of Duty formation for debriefing.
b. Patrol assigned beats, observe and check suspicious people, structures/building, compounds
and vehicles.
c. Observe and monitor public gatherings prevent disorders and disperse unlawful assemblies.
d. Inspect and or conduct surveillance in various business establishments and other installations
and remove hazards to public safety.
e. Check suspicious vehicles (private, public, or commercial delivery vehicles) in the course of
their patrol.
f. Report occurrences and conditions which relate to crime, public peace, order and safety.
g. Prevent crimes and arrest criminal offenders.
h. Conduct regular visitations, dialogues/consultations with the residents and other stake
holders.
i. Assist personnel responsible agencies/unit in the facilitation of traffic flow.
j. Respond to calls, entertain complaints, initiate the investigation and protection of the crime
scene and minimize the after-effects.
LEA 4 – LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS WITH CRIME MAPPING
by Gigi C. Abbott
 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
College Of Criminal Justice Education
Don Mariano Marcos Ave., Laoag City, Ilocos Norte, Philippines
Registration: 31Q16365

k. Wear the prescribed patrol uniform.

l. Have the necessary equipment; and
m. Strictly observe the BUDDY SYSTEM during the patrol operations.

Checkpoints:
It is an area where vehicles and or persons are stopped, identities are verified, possessions searched and
a decision is made whether or not to detain in the persons or vehicles or t allow them to pass.

Types of Checkpoints:
1. Mobile Checkpoint. Responds to an immediate operational need and can be removed immediately
after the execution of the operation without having impact on the security of the concerned area, the
population living in it and the personnel deployed the operation.
2. Fixed Checkpoint. It can be permanent or temporary and it takes places where a decision has been
taken to carry out checks on a regular, even daily basis.
Authority to Established Checkpoints:
a. Regional Director f. Station Commander
b. District Director g. Sub station Commander
c. Provincial Director h. Police Community Precinct Commander
d. City Director
e. Chief of City/Municipal Police station

Composition of Check point Team

1. Team Leader. Leader and take responsibility in the conduct of checkpoint (PCO, PNCO)
2. Spotter/Profiler. Shall point/profile suspected vehicle subject for checkpoint.
3. Verifiers. Shall conduct document verification, search seizure, and arrest if necessary initial
custody or seized evidence.
4. Search/Arresting Personnel.
5. Forward/Rear Security. Provide security in the checkpoint area and block/pursue fleeing
suspects/vehicle.
Guidelines for Check point Operation
a. Established to enforce laws, rules, and regulations and when there is a need to arrest a criminal
or fugitive from justice.

LEA 4 – LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS WITH CRIME MAPPING

by Gigi C. Abbott
 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
College Of Criminal Justice Education
Don Mariano Marcos Ave., Laoag City, Ilocos Norte, Philippines
Registration: 31Q16365

b. Mobile checkpoints are authorized only when established in conjunction with ongoing police
operations.
c. Designation of the personnel manning the checkpoint shall be left to the sound of the Team
Leader.
d. The PNP checkpoint team shall be composed of a minimum of eight personnel with a TL.
e. The team manning the checkpoints must have immediate contact with any elected public official
and representative from the National Prosecution Services or the media in case illegal drugs are
seized or recovered.
f. Team shall encourage participants of LGUs, NGOs, Civil Security Groups, business
organizations media and stake holders during the conduct of police checkpoint operations.
g. Personnel must have presentable appearance while wearing the prescribed uniform.
h. Area of checkpoint shall be established must be well-lighted with visible signage bearing the
name and contact number of the PNP unit and the TL.

*Due to courtesy must be accorded to all road users

Spot Checks and Pat Down Searches

Spot checks usually conducted in time of heightened security alerts or in areas where a crime has
been committed and investigation or surveillance is being conducted and where the police need
to increase their vigilance.
Pat-down Search when a police officer pats down the outer surface of a person’s clothing in an
attempt to find weapons.
Grounds for Stopping and Pat-down Searches
Stopping
1. The person is reported to be allegedly involved in a criminal activity.
2. The actions or demeanor of the person suggest that he/she is engaged in a criminal activity.
3. The person is carrying something illegal or when his/her clothing bulges in a manner that suggests
he/she is carrying a weapon.
4. The person is seen at the time and place approximate to an alleged crime incident and/or flees at the
sight of a police officer.

Guidelines:
1. When approaching the person, the police officer shall clearly identify himself/herself and present
his/her identification card.
2. Police officers shall be courteous at all times but remain cautious and vigilant.
3. Before approaching more than one person, police officers should determine whether the
circumstances warrant a request for back-up or it should be delayed until back-up is arrived.
4. Police officer shall confine their questions in relationship to the grounds for stopping the person.
5. Police officers are not required to inform the person his/her right under the law

LEA 4 – LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS WITH CRIME MAPPING

by Gigi C. Abbott
 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
College Of Criminal Justice Education
Don Mariano Marcos Ave., Laoag City, Ilocos Norte, Philippines
Registration: 31Q16365

Pat-Down Search
1. Visual indication suggesting that the person is carrying a firearm or other deadly weapon;
2. The type of crime believed to have been committed by the person, particularly crimes of violence
where the threat of use or use of deadly weapon is involved; and
3. The threatening demeanor of the person.

Guidelines:
1. Whenever possible, body frisking shall be done by at least two police officers, one to do the research
while the other provides security.
2. If the person is carrying an object such as a handbag, suitcase, sack, or other similar items that may
conceal a weapon, the police officer shall not open the item but instead put it in a place out of the
person’s reach.
3. If external patting of the person’s clothing fails to close evidence of a weapon, no further search may
be made.

Read more on the operational procedures of PNP at

https://pnp.gov.ph/pop-manual-2021/

LEA 4 – LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS WITH CRIME MAPPING

by Gigi C. Abbott