USCP MODULE 3 ANSWER

WEEK 9

1. Make a tiktok video about a certain social issue you pick and upload it on FB. Maximum of 1
minute.

What have I learned so far?

1. What role does religion play in our government?
Religion and government are like a couple who has a hard time living together at times yet can't
survive without one other. Both religion and government require autonomy in order to thrive, but
history has demonstrated that none is healthy without the other. They are on separate but parallel
tracks. When they defend and support one another, they are the most successful and effective.

Governments play a critical role in safeguarding religious liberty and promoting the role of churches
in society. Fortunately, most countries around the world today recognize at least some degree of
religious freedom and provide citizens with the freedom to worship and practice their faith according
to their own conscience. It hasn't always been this this.

Religion and churches play a vital role in maintaining moral order in societies. The government will
never be able to house all of the criminals created by a society devoid of morals, character, or faith.
Religious observance, rather than legislation or police action, is a preferable way to encourage these
qualities. The government will never be able to control people's feelings, desires, or hopes. Despite
this, these are the seeds that will sprout into the behavior that the government will have to police.

2. What is the main difference between legal right and natural right?
Natural rights are thought to be outside the purview of governments and other governing bodies
such as the United Nations. Natural Rights are inherent in all people and cannot be taken away.
International law and international bodies, on the other hand, are in charge of human rights, which
are backed by governments.

3. Differentiate state from nation.

A state is a geographical area with its own institutions and people. ... It must also have the power
and authority to enter into treaties and other agreements with foreign countries. A nation is a large
collection of people who live on a certain piece of land and are linked by history, culture, or some
other shared characteristic.

WEEK 10-11
SAVE IT

1. How does the State affect market transaction?

The state can considerably improve the efficiency of market transactions by resolving contract
disputes between sellers and buyers. The state protects private property rights and contracts by
enacting and enforcing laws through institutions such as courts and the police.
2. How important is a currency in a economic transaction?
For the sake of exchange, economic money systems began to be devised. The use of money as a
medium of exchange in a market provides a centralized means for buying and selling. This was
 created to take the place of bartering. The use of monetary currency aids in the development of a
system for overcoming the double coincidence of desires.
3. How different is horticulture from foraging?
Horticulture is low-intensity agricultural on a small scale. At least part-time planting and caring of
cultivated food plants is required in this subsistence system. ... Horticulture is usually more
productive than foraging (with the exception of aquatic foraging).

As a group research the following and present in Class. Maximum of 5

1. What are the different factors that caused the increased in food production?
Consider the three factors of food production: Land, labor, and technology.

1. If people or animals do just nothing, the ecology will produce some flora and fauna
automatically. Take that as the base minimum amount of food. Remember this
number: 1 single man needs about 1600 hectares of land (16 sq. kilometers) to find
enough food round the year grown by nature, waiting to be foraged.
2. Labor: If people use primitive ideas to breed domesticated animals or cultivate plants,
then the same land can grow more food. With animal breeding, 1600 hectares can feed
about 200 people. With plant cultivation, the same land can feed about 30,000 people.
Now, it is easy to calculate labor’s marginal contribution to food production on the
same land.
3. Technology: If people use monstrous machines that can do very arduous energy-
intensive work, conduct irrigation, harvesting, crop processing and preservation, and
apply chemical fertilizers and so on, powered by high-level technical knowledge and
tools, the same 1600 hectares can feed 80,000 people. Here, the marginal contribution
of knowledge, embodied in skill and technology, adds to food production on the same
old land.
Here is the summary: 1600 hectares of land is the base.

Land alone can feed 1 man.

Land plus labor on animal husbandry can feed 200 men.

Land plus labor on animal breeding and plant cultivation can feed 30,000 people.

Land plus knowledge (and a few skilled workers) can feed 80,000 people .

Knowledge alone can feed people with no land and no soil : learn about hydroponics and aquaponics.
(Mohammad Gani, 2020).

2. What were the consequences of the agricultural revolution international and local?
Rural-to-urban migration, the development of a coherent and loosely regulated agricultural market,
and the emergence of capitalist farmers were all triggered by the Agricultural Revolution's increased
agricultural production and technological advancements, which contributed to unprecedented
population growth and new agricultural practices.

WEEK 12
Group Activity: Same group as Last time. Research and Present the Interrelationship of
Government and Nonstate Institution, site the pros and the cons.
Providing essential public services is typically seen as a state responsibility. In practice,
however, most developing country settings are likely to have a mix of formal and informal
providers delivering water, sanitation, education, and health. Non-state providers (NSP) come
in a variety of shapes and sizes, ranging from large for-profit corporations to small business
owners to non-profit community organizations. Some basic services may also be provided by
non-state armed groups with territorial control over a specific area in conflict-affected areas. In
other cases, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) or faith-based organizations (FBOs) may
be the preferred provider for some or all segments of the population. According to research,
despite the associated costs, poor people use private providers to a surprising extent, and
sometimes prefer them to free public services.
In developing countries, there is a lot of discussion over the role and impact of private
and non-state health and education providers. Some scholars claim that NSPs are pro-poor
because they provide access to services in regions where the government does not provide them.
Others are concerned about non-state provision's consequences for equity, quality, cost, and
long-term viability. Better state engagement with non-state providers is frequently advocated as
a way to mitigate any negative consequences, but in fact, state-NSP ties are frequently
characterized by mistrust.
The Institute on Governance defines governance as the process whereby societies or
organizations make their important decisions, determine who has voice, 9 who is engaged in the process
and how account is rendered. (IOG, 2006)

REFERENCES:
MacLean, L. M. (2011). The Paradox of State Retrenchment in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Micro-Level
Experience of Public Social Service Provision. World Development, 39(7), 1155-1165.
What has been the impact for sub-Saharan Africans of declining state involvement in public service
provision? This paper examines public service experiences in Africa following neoliberal economic
reform. It argues that the erosion of the quality of state services has led to a two-tiered system. The rural
poor are forced to rely on public schools and clinics, while better-off urban citizens use private services
providers. This has important implications for the sustainability of publicly provided social services in
sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere.
See full text

Batley, R. (2006). Engaged or Divorced? Cross-service Findings on Government Relations with Non-
state Service-providers. Public Administration and Development, 26(3), 241-252.
This article synthesises case studies of non-state provision of education, healthcare and sanitation
services in South Africa, Malawi, Nigeria, Pakistan, Bangladesh and India. It finds that, while policy is
now generally in support of NSP, practice is more often unsupportive and relationships are surrounded
by mistrust. Nevertheless, enhanced operational engagement between governments and NSPs – in the
form of strong, independent regulatory bodies and joint ventures – could promote better services for poor
communities.
See full text

Tadros, M. (2011). Faith-Based Organizations and Service Delivery: Some Gender Conundrums (Gender

and development program paper number 11). Geneva: UNRISD.
Women face particular dilemmas when the extension of services and assistance is conditional on their
conforming to the FBOs’ interpretation of religiously appropriate gender roles and behaviour. Without
generalizing for all service-providing FBOs, in some instances, services are used overtly or more subtly
as a means of seeking to inculcate religious values and ideologies. Often, controlling women’s behaviour
becomes a symbol of conformity to religious ideology. While women are the targets of many such
processes, they are not simply repositories of doctrines and ideologies and often engage in acts of
subversion as well as covert and overt forms of contestations.
See full text

Oxfam International, (2009). Blind optimism: Challenging the myths about private health care in poor
countries (Oxfam Briefing Paper 125). Oxford: Oxfam International.
The realisation of the right to health in poor countries depends upon a massive increase in health
services to achieve universal and equitable access. A growing number of international donors are
promoting an expansion of private-sector health-care delivery to fulfil this goal. This paper contends that
while the private sector can play a role in health care, prioritising this approach is extremely unlikely to
deliver health for poor people. Governments and rich country donors must strengthen state capacities to
regulate and focus on the rapid expansion of free publicly provided health care, a proven way to save
millions of lives worldwide.
See full text

Day Ashley, L., Mcloughlin, C., Aslam, M., Engel, J., Wales, J., Rawal, S., … Rose, P. (2014). The role
and impact of private schools in developing countries: a rigorous review of the evidence (EPPI report
2206). London: Department for International Development.
This rigorous review asked: Can private schools improve education for children in developing countries?
The findings include: There is strong evidence that teaching is better in private schools than in state
schools, in terms of higher levels of teacher presence and teaching activity as well as teaching
approaches that are more likely to lead to improved learning outcomes. There is moderate evidence that
girls are less likely than boys to be enrolled in private schools. The evidence is ambiguous about whether
private schools geographically reach the poor. Although private schools are continuing to focus on urban
areas, they are also becoming increasingly prevalent in rural areas; but research cautions against
assuming this means they are reaching the poor.
See full text

https://www.ombudsman.gov.ph/UNDP4/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Module_I.pdf

Group Activity:
You are an organizer tasked to create an NGO that will address an issue that you believe is
plaguing Philippine Society. To accomplish this task, create a concept proposal containing the
following:
1. Background of the social issue
2. Type of NGO that you will create
3. Organizational Structure
4. Funding sources
5. Sample project for implementation.

Banayos Concept Design Proposal

Operator, Argie Banayos

1. Background of the social issue

 Increased vulnerability of communities living in flood plains is caused by loss of livelihoods,
reduced purchasing power, and decreased land value. ... Flood victims and their families may be
traumatized for a long time as a result of the massive psychosocial repercussions of the disaster.
Floods cause significant damage, interrupt economic operations, and result in a food scarcity.

2. Private Voluntary Organization

3. Organizational Structure

4. Funding sources
 Government grants and subsidies.
 individuals.
 foundations.
 public sector.
 private sector.

5. Sample project for implementation

- There are a lot of flood occurred this month and people needed different supplies for
their lives and in order for that we the private voluntary organization, organize a raising
fund to obstruct this kind of situation. We the PVO wanted to meet the designated money
(1,000,000) to provide for the people.