COURSE SocScied E2

DESCRIPTION TEACHING SOCIAL STUDIES IN

ELEMENTARY (PHILIPPINE
HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT

UNITS 3

SEMESTER/SCHOOL 2ND / S.Y 2021-2022

YEAR
INSTRUCTOR Dr. Gladys Lagura

TOPIC THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT

AUTHORS Ivie Azote

Cheryl Campos
Oona Nicolette Bahian
Junnah Mae Andig

The Philippine
Government

OVERVIEW:
The Philippines is a republic with a presidential form of government wherein
power is equally divided among its three branches: executive, legislative, and
judicial.

One basic corollary in a presidential system of government is the principle of

separation of powers wherein legislation belongs to Congress, execution to the
Executive, and settlement of legal controversies to the Judiciary.

The Legislative branch is authorized to make laws, alter, and repeal them
through the power vested in the Philippine Congress. This institution is divided into
the Senate and the House of Representatives.

The Executive branch is composed of the President and the Vice President
who are elected by direct popular vote and serve a term of six years. The
Constitution grants the President authority to appoint his Cabinet. These
departments form a large portion of the country’s bureaucracy.
 The Judicial branch holds the power to settle controversies involving rights
that are legally demandable and enforceable. This branch determines whether or
not there has been a grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of
jurisdiction on the part and instrumentality of the government. It is made up of a
Supreme Court and lower courts.

The Constitution expressly grants the Supreme Court the power of Judicial
Review as the power to declare a treaty, international or executive agreement, law,
presidential decree, proclamation, order, instruction, ordinance or regulation
unconstitutional.

This module will help you understand the Philippine Government. In addition,
this module will seek to answer the following questions: What is the Philippine
Government? What is the importance of the Philippine Government in our state?

Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, the

students will be able to:

1. identify the Philippine

Government;

2. value the importance of

the Philippine Government in a
state; and

3. specify the functions in

the Philippine Government.
activity

Direction: The class will be divided into 3 groups. Each

group will receive 1 picture and for 10 minutes identify
who is in the picture and tell his/her characteristics
and function in the Philippine Government in the class.
 analysis
Q1. Were you able to accomplish the activity in 10
minutes? How did you answer and work as a team?

Q2. Were you able to identify the characteristics of the

person assigned to your group?

Q3. How are feeling while answering the activity?

Q4. Are you happy that you were able to answer the
activity?

Abstraction
Philippine Government is defined as:
It is governed as a unitary state under a presidential representative and democratic and
a constitutional republic in which the president functions as both the head of state and
the head of government of the country within a pluriform multi-party system. The
Philippines is a democratic and republican State. Sovereignty resides in the people and all
government authority emanated from them.
Importance of Philippine Government:

 Governments are necessary because they maintain law and order. Laws are
necessary for society to function. Life in a society without laws would be unsafe
and unpredictable
 The government wants to give advantages to the people of the welfare measures
to all without discrimination.
 To provide equality and justice to all.
 To maintain peace.
 To administer the country efficiently.
Principle and Policies of Governance of the Philippine government in accordance to to the
Executive Order No. 292 is:
SECTION 1. Guiding Principles and Policies in Government.—Government power shall be
exercised in accordance with the following basic principles and policies:
(1) The Philippines is a democratic and republican State. Sovereignty resides in the
people and all government authority emanates from them.
(2) The State values the dignity of every human person and guarantees full respect for
human rights.
(3) Civilian authority is, at all times, supreme over the military.
(4) The State shall ensure the autonomy of local governments.
(5) The territorial and political subdivisions of the Republic of the Philippines are the
provinces, cities, municipalities, and barangays. There shall be autonomous regions, in
accordance with the Constitution, in Muslim Mindanao and the Cordilleras as may be
provided by law.
(6) The separation of Church and State shall be inviolable.
(7) The right of the people and their organizations to effective and reasonable
participation at all levels of social, political, and economic decision-making shall not be
abridged. The State shall, by law, facilitate the establishment of adequate consultation
mechanisms.
(8) The powers expressly vested in any branch of the Government shall not be exercised
by, nor delegated to, any other branch of the Government, except to the extent
authorized by the Constitution.
Importance of Principle and Policies of Governance of the Philippine Government:

 Policies provide guidance.

 It also provides accountability.
 It provides efficiency.
 It provides clarity on how the government operates

Philippine Government’s State, Constitution and Citizenship

The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines is a republic system wherein
laws are made by the elected representatives of the people.

The Constitution of the Philippines is the 1987 Constitution. It consists the Preamble,
Article I: National Territory, Article II: Declaration of Principles and State Policies,
Article III: Bill of Rights, Article IV: Citizenship, Article V: Suffrage, Article VI:
Legislative Department, Article VII: Executive Department, Article VIII: Judicial
Department, Article IX: Constitutional Commissions, Article X: Local Government,
Article XI: Accountability of Public Officers, Article XII: National Economy and
Patrimony, Article XIII: Social Justice and Human Rights, Article XIV: Education,
Science and Technology, Arts, Culture and Sports, Article XV: The Family, Article XVI:
General Provisions, Article XVII: Amendments or Revisions, Article XVIII: Transitory
Provisions.

The following are citizens of the Philippines as stated in the 1987 Constitution Article
IV:
1. Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of this
Constitution;
2. Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines;
 3. Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine
citizenship upon reaching the age of majority; and
4. Those who are naturalized in accordance of law.

Importance of State, Constitution and Citizenship:

 The state not only aims at the maintenance of law and order but also provides the
individuals with the opportunity of making progress.
 A constitution is important because it ensures that those who make decisions on
behalf of the public fairly represent public opinion.
 Citizenship is important for developing a strong moral code in individuals, but it's
also important for creating a safe, supportive society while protecting democracy.

The Branches of Philippine Government:

The Executive Branch is headed by the President who functions as both the head
of state and the head of government. The president is also the Commander-in-Chief of the
Armed Forces of the Philippines. The president is elected by popular vote to a term of six
years.

According to the 1987 Constitution, Legislative Branch and its power shall be
vested in the Congress of the Philippines, which shall consist of a Senate and a House of
Representatives. The Senate shall be composed of twenty-four Senators who shall be
elected at large by the qualified voters of the Philippines, as may be provided by law; the
House of Representatives shall be composed of not more than 250 (unless otherwise fixed
by law), 20 percent of whom must be Party-list representatives.

The Judiciary Branch of the government is headed by the Supreme Court, which
has a Chief Justice as its head and 14 Associate Justices, all appointed by the president on
the recommendation of the Judicial and Bar Council. Other court types of courts, of varying
jurisdiction around the archipelago.

Importance of the Branches of Philippine Government:

 The executive branch carries out and enforces laws. It includes the President, Vice
President, the Cabinet, executive departments, independent agencies, boards,
commissions, and committees. Also, the President leads the country.
 The Legislative Branch enacts legislation, confirms or rejects Presidential
appointments, and has the authority to declare war.
 The Judicial branch holds the power to settle controversies involving rights that are
legally demandable and enforceable.

The Constitutional Commission of the Philippine Government:

It is a commission created by the 1987 Constitution. These are governmental bodies

that are independent of the three main branches of government. These constitutional
commissions are the: Civil Service Commission which is responsible for the civil service,
Commission on Audit which is responsible for the funds of the country, and the Commission
on Elections which is responsible for overseeing the elections.
Importance of the Constitutional Commission:

 Civil Service Commission is important because it is tasked with overseeing the

integrity of government actions and processes.
 Commission on Audit’s primary function is to examine, audit and settle all accounts
and expenditures of the funds and properties of the Philippine government.
 Commission on Election’s principal role is to enforce all laws and regulations relative
to the conduct of elections in the Philippines.

APPLICATION

WHO’S GOT THE POWER?

Direction: Working together as a group,

complete the chart below by identifying which
branch of government possess each of the
powers.

Use Articles I, II and III of the Constitution to

help you

Power Branch of Government

(legislative, executive or
judicial?)
Introduces laws
Declares laws unconstitutional
Signs bills into law
Coins money
Nominates Supreme Court justices
Declares war
Vetoes bills
Interprets/Makes meaning of laws
Serves as commander-in-chief of the
army and navy

Issues a pardon
Overrides a presidential veto
Borrows money on behalf of the United
States

Makes treaties
Impeaches/Removes the president

Assessment

Direction: Identify the

function of the official of
government and place it in
a proper column

BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT
Legislative Executive Judicial

Senate Vice-President
President House of representative
Supreme Court Court of Appeals
Judicial and bar council Sandigandabayn
Reference:

https://www.philembassy.no/the-philippine-government

https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/

https://www.jcschools.us/cms/lib/MO01909951/Centricity/Domain/3372/Why%20we%
20need%20government%20and%20types%20of%20Governments.pdf

https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/en/professionals/industry-innovation-and-
leadership/industry-expertise/affordable-housing/managing-affordable-
housing/manage-affordable-housing-projects/policy-information/why-are-policies-
important

https://immigration.gov.ph/faqs/citizenship#:~:text=Those%20who%20are%20citizens
%20of,the%20age%20of%20majority%3B%20and

https://www.gov.ph/about-the-government.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_Commission

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_Commission