. . .

Elevators
……………Intro

Elevator is any installation used to vertically -

lift people or things. The modern elevator is
one of the most important inventions as it
changed the urban landscape of the 20th
century, the architecture and triggered the
.reconstruction of the tall buildings

The elevator is the mean of transportation -

that improved the quality of our daily lives
.and made our lives easier

Around the world, millions of people use the -

elevator approximately 4 times a day, this
sums it up to more than 325 million elevator
.journeys every day
Ancient elevators used drive systems based
on hoists and windlasses. The invention of a
system based on the screw drive was perhaps
the most important step in elevator
technology since ancient times, leading to the
creation of modern passenger elevators. The
first screw-drive elevator was built by (Ivan
Kulibin) and installed in the Winter Palace in
.1793
Elevators can be rope dependent or rope-free.
There are at least four means of moving an elevator:

1-Traction elevators.

2-Climbing elevators.

3-Hydraulic elevators.

4-Pneumatic elevators.
What are the differences between Traction
vs Hydraulic Elevators?
The major difference between traction and
hydraulic elevators lies in the way their
system moves the cabin. Although they are
different, both make a reliable and smooth
movement.

Traction elevators, either geared or gearless,

operate by a system of a pulley, ropes and
counterweights. The counterweights of the lift
allow the cabin to be lifted consuming less
energy.

In older buildings, usually we find the engine

room on the roof of a building where the
operating system (MR) was places while today
it is usually placed inside the shaft (MRL)

Another common type of elevator is the

.hydraulic elevator
Hydraulic elevators use a piston and pump. -
The piston is connected to the elevator and
the pumping unit is housed in a separate
machine room. Hydraulics allow the cab to
.move smoothly and quietly
-:Hydraulic elevators work like this
A piston is connected to the elevator within -
.the hoistway
Once you activate the elevator, the hydraulic -
system moves pressurized fluid into a
cylinder, where it moves the piston for
.ascension
When descending, the system moves the -
fluid back into its reservoir, which allows the
cab to move downward without vibrating or
.stopping

The Advantages of Hydraulic Lifts

Hydraulic lifts are cheaper to install than other elevator types -1

.They occupy less space in a building-2

They are highly effective with heavy loads, as the hydraulic -3

power provides great lifting strength

.There is no need for an overhead machine room -4

the Disadvantages of Hydraulic Lifts

The relatively slow speed. A hydraulic lift cannot move faster -1

.than 150 feet per minute

.Oil in the piston system can overheat fairly quickly -2

Hydraulic oil can leak out of the pumping system and into the -3
ground at the base of the elevator. This can lead to soil
.contamination or groundwater pollution

Hydraulic lifts tend to be a little noisier than other elevator -4

.systems

 hydraulic elevator components.

Hydraulic elevator tank Positive displacement pumb
Pressure relief valve Two pilot operated check valve in the same body

Direction control valve Flow control valve

Double acting cylinder with
electrical control unit

 Hydraulic circuit
for elevator
Extension Retraction