TENSES
Simple Present Tense
Fakta, suatu kejadian, kebiasaan/ rutinitas (masa skrg)
S + V1
S + Vs/es
(+) I go to work everyday
(-) She doesn’t go to work everyday
(?) Do they go to work everyday?
Present Perfect Tense
Baru saja selesai saat bicara dan/atau masih
berlangsung. Dampak dari suatu aksi yg sudah
dilakukan harus dan masih dirasakan saat ini
S + has/have + V3
(+) A have painted my house
Hasil dapat dirasakan, kegiatan mengecatnya sudah
selesai dan sudah bisa dilihat hasil mengecatnya
(-) I have not finished the exam
(?) Have they finished them assignment?
Simple Past Tense
Kejadian, kebiasaan fakta, situasi di masa lampau.
Time specifier (waktu kejadian jelas)
Eq. Yesterday, two days ago, last night
S + V2
(+) They called their friends las night
(-) They did not go to school this morning
(?) Did he pay the bill yesterday?
Past Perfect Tense
Tindakan telah selesai di masa lalu, sebelum Tindakan
lainnya terjadi di masa lalu juga. Menekankan fakta
daripada durasi Eq. before yesterday, till three days
ago, already, until that day
S + had + V3
(+) We had finished the dinner when someone knocked
(-) Tom had not repaired his laptop before I borrowed
it
(?) Had the girl cried before her mother came?
Present Continuous Tense
Kejadian yg berlangsung saat ini juga atau rencana di
masa depan (now)
S + to be + Ving
(+) She is working on her homework now
(-) We are not studying at the moment
(?) Am I cooking now?
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Sudah berlangsung, dinyatakan kembali hasilnya atau
bahkan masih berlangsung.
Memiliki rentang waktu dan masih relevan dgn keadaan
saat ini
S+ has/have + been + Ving
(+) I have been decorating my house
Kegiatan belum selesai dilakukan, terjadi dimasa lampau dan
masih dilakukan
(-) We haven’t been waiting here all day
(?) Has your sisten been eating?
Past Continous Tense
Kejadian masa lampau, tidak hanya satu. Bersamaan
dengan aktivitas lain
Eq. When, while, as long as
S + was/were + Ving
(+) I was washing my clothes when the phone rang
(-) They were not listening when the teacher called her
name
(?) Was he writing the letter to his parents when I was
out last Tuesday?
Past Perfect Continous Tense
Kejadian masa lampau dan selesai saat itu.
Menekankan durasi (ada petunjuk waktu tertentu)
Eq. For, since, the whole day, all day
S + had + been + Ving
(+) He said that he had been working here for ten years
(-) She had not been working there before she moved
to my office
(?) Had he been speaking for the whole class before I
entered?
 Simple Future Tense
Kejadian di masa depan / rencana. Tidak dipengaruhi
tindakan2 lain. Keputusan/janji spontan/ prediksi
Eq. tomorrow, next week, in a year
S + Will + V1
S + be (is/are/am) + Going to + V1
(+) He is going to be a journalist after he graduates
next year
(-) Mrs. Tari won’t teach us
(?) Will she go to the cinema tomorrow with us?
Future Perfect Tense
Suatu aktivitas sudah akan selesai di masa depan.
Tindakan yg akan berakhir pada waktu tertentu di
masa depan
Eq. next Monday, in a week
S + Will + have + V3
(+) We will have finished the task by next monday
(-) I won’t have finished my homework by tomorrow
(?) Will you have graduated from the college next year?
Simple Past Future Tense
Membentuk kalimat ttg masa depan dari sudut pandang
masa lalu. Umumnya tidak langsung/report speech.
Prediksi hingga membuat janji di masa depan saat ada
di masa lalu
Eq. Yesterday, two days ago, last night
S + Would + V1
S + was/were + going to + V1
(+) She was going to give ine beautiful bag to her best
friend
(-) He would not forgive you
(?) Would you bring your camera if you knew the view
wasn’t amazing?
Past Future Perfect Tense
Sama seperti diatas, melakukan kilas balik namun tidak
terjadi. Namun ada 3 waktu (conditional type 3)
S + should/could/would + have + V3
(+) Mina would have finished her homework if she
hadn’t gone shopping
(-) He said that he would not have made such a
mistake if he had taken my advice
(?) Would you have finished your homework before
tomorrow afternoon?
Future Continous Tense
Kejadian yg akan datang, Tindakan pasti dalam waktu
dekat di masa depan
Eq. tomorrow morning, in one year
S + Will + Be + Ving
(+) My mother will be cooking at the kitchen when I
arrive
(-) He will not be doing the task in the office this
afternoon because he is sick
(?) Will she be playing football in the playground
tomorrow morning?
Future Perfect Continous Tense
. Tindakan yg terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu di masa
depan dan masih akan berlanjut dalam titik waktu
tertentu di masa depan.
Bisa dimulai pada masa lalu, sekarang atau masa depan
dan diperkirakan akan berlanjut
Eq. for the las couple of hours, all day long
S + Will + have + been + Ving
(+) I will have been working at new company this new
year
(-) He will not have been doing the task for the last
couple of hours
(?) Will he have been doing the research all day long?
Past Future Continous Tense
Melakukan kilas balik namun tidak terjadi, hanya
pengandaian
S + should/would + have + been + Ving
(+) I mad a promise that I would be doing my
homework all day long tomorrow
(-) Anna would not be dying if she came to the hospital
earlier
(?) Should they have been practicing their new dance?
Past Future Perfect Continous Tense
Sama seperti diatas, melakukan kilas balik namun tidak
terjadi. Tentang hal/kegiatan yg akan telah
dilakukann/berlangsung di masa lalu
S + should/would + have + been + Ving
(+) We should have been practicing our new dance
(-) I would not have been working in leading companies
for six year
(?) Would he have been explaining to the workers if he
had made the information clear?