1 Spread footing: Foundation5 Number of

identical elements: 1
1.1 Basic data

1.1.1 Assumptions

� Geotechnic calculations according to : BS 8004

� Concrete calculations according to : BS EN1992-1-1:2004 NA:2005
� Shape selection : without limits

1.1.2 Geometry:

A = 0.40 (m) a = 0.20 (m)

B = 1.00 (m) b = 0.60 (m)
h1 = 0.25 (m) ex = 0.00 (m)
h2 = 0.20 (m) ey = -0.20 (m)
h4 = 0.05 (m)

a' = 200 (mm)

b' = 600 (mm)
cnom1 = 60 (mm)
cnom2 = 60 (mm)
Cover deviations: Cdev = 10(mm), Cdur = 0(mm)

1.1.3 Materials

� Concrete : CONCR; Characteristic strength = 20.00 MPa

Unit weight = 2501.36 (kG/m3)
Rectangular stress distribution [3.1.7(3)]
� Longitudinal reinforcement : type Characteristic strength = 500.00
MPa
Ductility class: C
Horizontal branch of the stress-strain diagram
� Transversal reinforcement : type Characteristic strength = 500.00
MPa
� Additional reinforcement: : type Characteristic strength = 460.00
MPa
1.1.4 Loads:

Foundation loads:
Case Nature Group N Fx Fy Mx My
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kN*m) (kN*m)
DL1 dead load(Structural) 5 40.59 -0.00 1.42 -1.93 -0.01
DL2 dead load(Structural) 5 5.61 0.00 0.00 -0.00 0.00
DL3 dead load(Structural) 5 3.72 0.00 0.33 -0.45 -0.00
DL4 dead load(Structural) 5 52.57 -0.00 9.48 -12.89 -0.04
DL5 dead load(Structural) 5 18.45 -0.00 3.33 -4.52 -0.01
DL6 dead load(Structural) 5 39.14 -0.01 4.60 -6.25 -0.03
DL7 dead load(Structural) 5 13.84 -0.00 2.50 -3.39 -0.01
LL1 live load(Category A) 5 4.68 0.00 0.00 -0.00 0.00
LL2 live load(Category A) 5 23.06 -0.00 4.16 -5.65 -0.02

Backfill loads:
Case Nature Q1
(kN/m2)

1.1.5 Combination list

1/ SLS :
1.00DL1+1.00DL2+1.00DL21+1.00DL211+1.00DL2111+1.00DL21111+1.00DL211111+1.00DL2111111+1.00DL21111111
2/ SLS : 1.00DL1+1.00DL2+1.00DL21+1.00DL211+1.00DL2111+1.00DL21111+1.00DL211111
3/ SLS :
1.00DL1+1.00DL2+1.00DL21+1.00DL211+1.00DL2111+1.00DL21111+1.00DL211111+1.00DL2111111
4/ SLS :
1.00DL1+1.00DL2+1.00DL21+1.00DL211+1.00DL2111+1.00DL21111+1.00DL211111+1.00DL21111111
5/ SLS :
1.00DL1+1.00DL2+1.00DL21+1.00DL211+1.00DL2111+1.00DL21111+1.00DL211111+0.80DL2111111+0.80DL21111111
6/ SLS :
1.00DL1+1.00DL2+1.00DL21+1.00DL211+1.00DL2111+1.00DL21111+1.00DL211111+0.80DL2111111
7/ SLS :
1.00DL1+1.00DL2+1.00DL21+1.00DL211+1.00DL2111+1.00DL21111+1.00DL211111+0.80DL21111111
8/* ULS :
1.35DL1+1.35DL2+1.35DL21+1.35DL211+1.35DL2111+1.35DL21111+1.35DL211111+1.50DL2111111+1.50DL21111111
9/* ULS : 1.35DL1+1.35DL2+1.35DL21+1.35DL211+1.35DL2111+1.35DL21111+1.35DL211111
10/* ULS :
1.35DL1+1.35DL2+1.35DL21+1.35DL211+1.35DL2111+1.35DL21111+1.35DL211111+1.50DL2111111
11/* ULS :
1.35DL1+1.35DL2+1.35DL21+1.35DL211+1.35DL2111+1.35DL21111+1.35DL211111+1.50DL21111111
12/* ULS :
1.00DL1+1.00DL2+1.00DL21+1.00DL211+1.00DL2111+1.00DL21111+1.00DL211111+1.50DL2111111+1.50DL21111111
13/* ULS : 1.00DL1+1.00DL2+1.00DL21+1.00DL211+1.00DL2111+1.00DL21111+1.00DL211111
14/* ULS :
1.00DL1+1.00DL2+1.00DL21+1.00DL211+1.00DL2111+1.00DL21111+1.00DL211111+1.50DL2111111
15/* ULS :
1.00DL1+1.00DL2+1.00DL21+1.00DL211+1.00DL2111+1.00DL21111+1.00DL211111+1.50DL21111111
16/* SLS :
1.00DL1+1.00DL2+1.00DL21+1.00DL211+1.00DL2111+1.00DL21111+1.00DL211111+1.00DL2111111+1.00DL21111111
17/* SLS : 1.00DL1+1.00DL2+1.00DL21+1.00DL211+1.00DL2111+1.00DL21111+1.00DL211111
18/* SLS :
1.00DL1+1.00DL2+1.00DL21+1.00DL211+1.00DL2111+1.00DL21111+1.00DL211111+1.00DL2111111
19/* SLS :
1.00DL1+1.00DL2+1.00DL21+1.00DL211+1.00DL2111+1.00DL21111+1.00DL211111+1.00DL21111111
20/* SLS :
1.00DL1+1.00DL2+1.00DL21+1.00DL211+1.00DL2111+1.00DL21111+1.00DL211111+0.50DL2111111+0.50DL21111111
21/* SLS :
1.00DL1+1.00DL2+1.00DL21+1.00DL211+1.00DL2111+1.00DL21111+1.00DL211111+0.50DL2111111
22/* SLS :
1.00DL1+1.00DL2+1.00DL21+1.00DL211+1.00DL2111+1.00DL21111+1.00DL211111+0.50DL21111111
23/* SLS :
1.00DL1+1.00DL2+1.00DL21+1.00DL211+1.00DL2111+1.00DL21111+1.00DL211111+0.30DL2111111+0.30DL21111111
24/* SLS :
1.00DL1+1.00DL2+1.00DL21+1.00DL211+1.00DL2111+1.00DL21111+1.00DL211111+0.30DL2111111
25/* SLS :
1.00DL1+1.00DL2+1.00DL21+1.00DL211+1.00DL2111+1.00DL21111+1.00DL211111+0.30DL21111111
 1.2 Geotechnical design
1.2.1 Assumptions

� Foundation design for:

• Capacity
• Rotation
• Sliding
• Sliding with soil pressure considered: none
• Uplift
• Average settlement

1.2.2 Soil:

Soil level: N1 = 0.00 (m)

Column pier level: Na = 0.00 (m)
Minimum reference level: Nf = -0.50 (m)

well graded gravels

• Soil level: 0.00 (m)
• Unit weight:2243.38 (kG/m3)
• Unit weight of solid: 2702.25 (kG/m3)
• Internal friction angle: 42.0 (Deg)
• Cohesion: 0.00 (MPa)

1.2.3 Limit states

Stress calculations

Soil type under foundation: not layered

Design combination SLS :
1.00DL1+1.00DL2+1.00DL21+1.00DL211+1.00DL2111+1.00DL21111+1.00DL211111+1.00DL21111111
Load factors: 1.00 * Foundation weight
1.00 * Soil weight
Calculation results: On the foundation level
Weight of foundation and soil over it: Gr = 4.27 (kN)
Design load:
Nr = 201.25 (kN) Mx = -7.30 (kN*m) My = -0.13 (kN*m)
Load eccentricity:
eB = 0.00 (m) eL = 0.04 (m)
Equivalent foundation dimensions: B_ = 0.40 (m) L_ = 0.93 (m)
Foundation depth: Dmin = 0.45 (m)
Coefficients of load capacity:
N = 244.65
Nc = 152.10
Nq = 158.50
Inclination factors:
i = 0.79
ic = 0.79
iq = 0.79
Shape coefficient:
 s = 0.83
sc = 1.45
sq = 1.31
Foundation coefficients:
d = 1.00
dc = 1.34
dq = 1.14
Soil profile parameters:
C = 0.00 (MPa)
 = 46.0
 = 2243.38 (kG/m3)
Stress in soil: 0.62 (MPa)
Design soil pressure 0.85 (MPa)
Safety factor: 1.38 > 1

Uplift

Uplift in SLS
Design combination: SLS :
1.00DL1+1.00DL2+1.00DL21+1.00DL211+1.00DL2111+1.00DL21111+1.00DL211111+1.00DL21111111
Load factors: 1.00 * Foundation weight
1.00 * Soil weight
Contact area: s = 1.34
slim = 1.00

Sliding

Design combination SLS :

1.00DL1+1.00DL2+1.00DL21+1.00DL211+1.00DL2111+1.00DL21111+1.00DL211111+1.00DL21111111
Load factors: 1.00 * Foundation weight
1.00 * Soil weight
Weight of foundation and soil over it: Gr = 4.27 (kN)
Design load:
Nr = 201.25 (kN) Mx = -7.30 (kN*m) My = -0.13 (kN*m)
Equivalent foundation dimensions: A_ = 0.40 (m)B_ = 1.00 (m)
Sliding area: 0.40 (m2)
Foundation/soil friction coefficient: tg( = 0.90
Cohesion: C = 0.00 (MPa)
Sliding force value F = 25.83 (kN)
Value of force preventing foundation sliding:
- On the foundation level: F(stab) = 181.21 (kN)
Stabilility for sliding: 7.015 > 1

Average settlement

Soil type under foundation: not layered

Design combination SLS :
1.00DL1+1.00DL2+1.00DL21+1.00DL211+1.00DL2111+1.00DL21111+1.00DL211111+1.00DL2111111+1
.00DL21111111
Load factors: 1.00 * Foundation weight
1.00 * Soil weight
Weight of foundation and soil over it: Gr = 4.27 (kN)
Average stress caused by design load: q = 0.51 (MPa)
Thickness of the actively settling soil: z = 2.40 (m)
Stress on the level z:
 - Additional: zd = 0.02 (MPa)
- Caused by soil weight: z = 0.06 (MPa)
Settlement:
- Original s' = 1 (mm)
- Secondary s'' = 0 (mm)
- TOTAL S = 1 (mm) < Sadm = 50 (mm)
Safety factor: 40.42 > 1

Settlement difference

Design combination SLS :

1.00DL1+1.00DL2+1.00DL21+1.00DL211+1.00DL2111+1.00DL21111+1.00DL211111+1.00DL21111111
Load factors: 1.00 * Foundation weight
1.00 * Soil weight
Settlement difference: S = 0 (mm) < Sadm = 50 (mm)
Safety factor: 2148 > 1

Rotation

About OX axis
Design combination SLS :
1.00DL1+1.00DL2+1.00DL21+1.00DL211+1.00DL2111+1.00DL21111+1.00DL211111+1.00DL21111111
Load factors: 1.00 * Foundation weight
1.00 * Soil weight
Weight of foundation and soil over it: Gr = 4.27 (kN)
Design load:
Nr = 201.25 (kN) Mx = -7.30 (kN*m) My = -0.13 (kN*m)
Stability moment: Mstab = 139.91 (kN*m)
Rotation moment: Mrenv = 46.71 (kN*m)
Stability for rotation: 2.995 > 1

About OY axis
Design combination: SLS :
1.00DL1+1.00DL2+1.00DL21+1.00DL211+1.00DL2111+1.00DL21111+1.00DL211111+1.00DL21111111
Load factors: 1.00 * Foundation weight
1.00 * Soil weight
Weight of foundation and soil over it: Gr = 4.27 (kN)
Design load:
Nr = 201.25 (kN) Mx = -7.30 (kN*m) My = -0.13 (kN*m)
Stability moment: Mstab = 40.25 (kN*m)
Rotation moment: Mrenv = 0.13 (kN*m)
Stability for rotation: 321.3 > 1

1.3 RC design

1.3.1 Assumptions

� Exposure : X0
� Structure class : S1

1.3.2 Analysis of punching and shear

 Punching

Design combination ULS :

1.35DL1+1.35DL2+1.35DL21+1.35DL211+1.35DL2111+1.35DL21111+1.35DL211111+1.50DL21111111
Load factors: 1.35 * Foundation weight
1.35 * Soil weight
Design load:
Nr = 275.15 (kN) Mx = -10.30 (kN*m) My = -0.17 (kN*m)
Length of critical circumference: 0.97 (m)
Punching force: 191.78 (kN)
Section effective height heff = 0.18 (m)
Reinforcement ratio:  = 0.32 %
Shear stress: 1.38 (MPa)
Admissible shear stress: 2.23 (MPa)
Safety factor: 1.608 > 1

1.3.3 Required reinforcement

Spread footing:

bottom:

ULS :
1.35DL1+1.35DL2+1.35DL21+1.35DL211+1.35DL2111+1.35DL21111+1.35DL211111+1.50DL2111111+1.
50DL21111111
My = 5.89 (kN*m) Asx = 234 (mm2/m)

ULS :
1.35DL1+1.35DL2+1.35DL21+1.35DL211+1.35DL2111+1.35DL21111+1.35DL211111+1.50DL2111111+1.
50DL21111111
Mx = 37.52 (kN*m) Asy = 1411 (mm2/m)

As min = 234 (mm2/m)

top:
A'sx = 0 (mm2/m)
A'sy = 0 (mm2/m)

As min = 0 (mm2/m)

Column pier:
Longitudinal reinforcement A = 240 (mm2) A min. = 240 (mm2)
A = 2 * (Asx + Asy)
Asx = 45 (mm2) Asy = 75 (mm2)

1.3.4 Provided reinforcement

Spread footing:
Bottom:
Along X axis:
5 8 l = 0.28 (m) e = 1*-0.38 + 4*0.19
Along Y axis:
3 16 l = 1.61 (m) e = 1*-0.10 + 2*0.11
 Pier
Longitudinal reinforcement

2 Material survey:
� Concrete volume = 0.12 (m3)
� Formwork = 1.02 (m2)

� Steel
� Total weight = 8.19 (kG)
� Density = 66.05 (kG/m3)
� Average diameter = 14.2 (mm)
� Survey according to diameters:

Diameter Length Number of identical elements:

(m)
8 0.28 5
16 1.61 3