CO QAH + MELC LW

Course Outline & Quality Assured HANDOUT No. 1

Handouts paired with MELC- Based in _________PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1____
Learner’s Worksheet

MELC: The learner

 shares research experiences and knowledge ( CS_RS11-IIIa-1)
 explains the importance of research in daily life ( CS_RS11-IIIa-2)
 describes characteristics, processes, and ethics of research ( CS_RS11-IIIa-3)
 differentiates quantitative from qualitative research ( CS_RS11-IIIa-4)
 provides examples of research in areas of interest (arts, humanities, sports, science, business,
agriculture and fisheries, information and communication technology, and social inquiry)
(CS_RS11-IIIa-5)

Semester: Second (Quarter 1) Week No. ___1____ Day: __1-

4___
LESSON:
 The Importance of Research in Daily Life
 The Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics of Research
 Quantitative and Qualitative Research
 The Kinds of Research across Fields of Inquiry

In your junior high school, you learned that research is essential knowing that it is used in your
daily life. It will enable you inquire and research in finding solutions to problems especially in real life
situations. Sharing your experiences and knowledge on the importance of research develops your skills
to think critically and relate it in every decision you do.

TOPIC 1: The Importance of Research in Daily Life

Research is very vital to our day to day activities as well as to our everyday decision making.
Research therefore enables us:
 To determine the accuracy or otherwise and validity of popular beliefs, and religious
practices by submitting them to systematic scrutiny.
 To enhance, modify or refine our knowledge of phenomenon or various theories
surrounding our environment and society.
 To generate new concepts and explanations of existing rules and policies, beliefs and
practices, economics, political or social system.
 To find answers to particular existing questions through investigation
 To evaluate the findings of other researches/studies or build on where they stopped.
 To bring the legacy left behind by early scholars as well as the contributions of modern
scholars to the limelight.
 To seek validation or improvement for religious doctrines and practices, social interactions,
economic improvement, politics, ideology etc. and to enhance quality of ordinary and
spiritual life of man.
 To collect and analyse data which will enable us to provide information and advice to
policy (or decision) makers.

TOPIC 2: The Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics of Research

Research is a process of gathering, analysing and interpreting information to answer questions. A

good research follows processes that must have certain characteristic. It must be systematic, controlled,
rigorous, valid and verifiable, empirical and critical. To avoid unethical practices researchers had
obligations to adhere professional standards in conducting research .Thus to consider a research writing
ethical it must be clear, accurate, just and authentic.

The Research Process

A systematic and cyclical, this means that you need to follow a step by step process to
successfully conduct a research study.

1
  Define your topic- 1st step in conducting a research
 Write your problem statement- is the statement that describe what is to be tested.
 Make an outline- serves as first draft of your paper.
 Develop a research strategy- minimizes the time and effort you will be putting on your
paper.
 Evaluate your sources- you must check the quality and credibility of your research.
 Write and revise your paper-check the content of your paper make sure that the content/s
are inline with your chosen topic or problem statement.
 Document your sources- documentation of sources is important in any research for it
shows the credibility of the writer.

Selecting the General Problem

Select the specific research problem

Review the literature of the problem

Collect data

Analyze and present or display data

Interpret the findings and state conclusions

Qualitative researchers, like anyone conducting research with people, should undergo formal
research ethics training. Research ethics deals with the interactions between researchers and the people
they study.

The fundamental research ethics principles are as follows:

1.Honesty - strive honesty in all scientific communications.
2.Objectivity - strive to avoid bias in experimental design.
3.Integrity - keep your promises and agreement, act with sincerity.
4.Carefulness - avoid careless errors and negligence
5.Openness - share data, results, ideas, tools and resources. Be open to criticism and new ideas
6.Respect for intellectual Property – honor patents,copy rights and other forms of intellectual property
7.Confidentiality - protect confidential communications and personal information of your respondents
8.Social Responsibility - strive to promote social good and prevent or mitigate social harms through
research

TOPIC 3: Quantitative and Qualitative Research

Research has two broad methodologies; qualitative research and quantitative research.
Quantitative and qualitative researches are complementary methods that you can combine in your
research studies to get results that are both wide-reaching and profound. To get the best results from
these methods in your research, it’s important that you understand the differences between them which
you will study in this lesson.

The table below shows the differences of the two methods of research.
Sources of Differences Qualitative Research Method Quantitative Research Method
When to use it?  When in deptjh  To get a broad
uinderstanding of a comprehensive
specific issue is required. understanding of the
 To understand behavior, situation.
perception and priorities  To get socio-
of affected community. demographic
 To explain information characteristics of the
provided through population

2
 quantitative data.  To compare relations
 To emphasize a holistic and correlations between
approach (processes different issues.
and outcomes)  When accurate and
 When the assessor only precise data is required.
knows roughly in  To produce evidence
advance what he/she is about the type and size
looking for of problems
 Recommend during  When the assessor
earlier phases of knows clearly in advance
assessments. what he/she is looking
for
 Recommended during
latter phases of
assessment
Objectives and main features  To explore, understand  To seek precise
phenomena measurement, quantify,
 Provides in depth confirm hypothesis
understanding of specific  Provides a general
issues overview
 Detailed and complete  Provides demographic
information, characteristics
contextualization,  Objective and reliable
interpretation and  Apt for generalizations
description  Objectively verifiable
 Perspectives, opinions  Prediction, causal
and explanations of explanation
affected populations
towards events, beliefs
or practices
Data Format  Data can be observed  Data which can be
but not measured counted or measured,
 Mainly textual (words, Involves amount,
pictures, audio, video) measurement or
but also categorical anything of quantity.
 Mainly numerical and
categorical values
Answers the questions  Answers questions  Answers a controlled
arising during the sequence of questions
discussion with predetermined
-How? possible asnwers
-Why?, -What?
-What do I need to look -How many?
for in more detail?  Questions are closed
 Questions are generally
open ended
Perspective  Looks at the whole  Looks at specific aspects
context from within from the outside
 Searches for patterns
 Lends itself to
community participation.
Seeks depth of
perspective though
ongoing analysis
Methods  Individual interviews  Quick counting estimates
 Key informant interviews  Sampling surveys

3
  Semi-structured  Population movement
interviews tracking
 Focus group discussions  Registration
 Observations  Structured interviews
Sampling  Non random (purposive)  Random
Study design and instruments  Flexible, the assessor is  Fixed, standards control
the primary instrument the assessors bias
for data collection and
analysis.
Questionnaire tool type  Checklist with open  Predetermined
questions and flexible questionnaire with
sequence sequence and structure
Analysis  Use inductive reasoning  Uses deductive method
 Involves a systematic  Descriptive statistics
and iterative process of  Inferential statistics
searching, categorizing
and integrating data
 Describes the meaning
of research findings from
the perspective of the
research participants
 Involves developing
generalizations from a
limited number of
specific observations or
experiences
 Analysis is descriptive

TOPIC 4: The Kinds of Research across Fields of Inquiry

Developing an interest in different kinds of research will help you look into something that affects
your personality or your life in some important way. If you are interested on a topic you are researching,
you will enjoy reading and learning about it. To define clearly the types of research in areas of interest
you want to embark, focus your scientific skills, your passion and ideas. It supports you to connect to
your career path. The examples of research in areas of interest will lead you to choose specific topic of
your research study which you will be exploring to create new knowledge.

Here are some of the other kinds of research.

Areas of Interest Description Example of Studies

Arts-Based Research
Research in Humanities
Personal expression in various
art forms is use as a primary
mode of inquiry
Deals with human culture such
as philosophy, religion,
literature, linguistics and history
It includes ancient and modern
languages, human geography,
laws, politics and other social
sciences.
1.The Role of Arts in Student
Achievement in Reading
2.How Classroom Artistic
Structure Motivates Learning
1 Values Education in the Public
Schools: Practices and
Challenges
2. Children In-Conflict with the
Law: A Resolution and
Intervention

Agriculture Research Improves productivity and 1.Green Space in School: Social

quality of crops irrigation, and Environment Perspective
storage methods, effective farm 2. Is Urban Gardening as a
management and marketing of Source of Well-Being?
agricultural resources.
Agriculture is the backbone of
the economic system providing
food, raw material and
employment opportunities.
4
5