ANSI/ AWWA C222-08

(Revision of ANSI/ AWWA C222-99)

American Water Works

Association

The Authoritative Resource on Safe Water

AWWA Standard

Polyurethane Coatings
for the Interior and
Exterior of Steel Water
Pipe and Fittings
•\\ 1 STANDARD
~;;,~~· 1 Since 1881

Effective date: Dec. 1, 2008.

First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors June 20, 1999.
This edition approved June 8, 2008.
Approved by American National Standards lnstitute Sept. 17, 2008.

6666 West Quincy Avenue Advocacy

Denver, CO 80235-3098 Communications
T 800.926.7337 Conferences
www.awwa.org Education and Training
Science and Technology
Sections
AWWA Standard
This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard . lt is not a specification . AWWA standards
describe m1n1mum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally
contained in specifications. The AWWA standards usually contain optiOns that must be evaluated by the user of the
standard . Until each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined . AWWA
publication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type , nor does AWWA test, certify,
or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards 1s entirely voluntary. This standard does not supersede or take
precedence over or displace any applicable law, regulation , or codes of any governmental authority. AWWA standards
are intended to represen! a consensus of the water supply 1ndustry that the product described will provide satisfactory
service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard . an official notice of action will be placed on the first page of
the classified advertising section of Journa/ AWWA. The action becomes etfective on the first day of the month following
the month of Journal AWWA publication of the official notice.

American National Standard

An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An
American National Standard is intended as a gu1de to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The
existence of an Amencan National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone , whether that person has
approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures
not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review. and users are cautioned
to obtam the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard are
encouraged to state on the1r own responsibility m advertising and promotional materials or on tags or labels that the
goods are produced in conformity with particular American National Standards.

CAUTION NOTICE: The American National Standards lnstitute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this standard
indicates completion of the ANSI approval process. Th1s American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at
any time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise , or withdraw this standard no later than five
years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may rece1ve current information on all
standards by calling or wnting the American National Standards lnstitute. 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York,
NY 10036; (212) 6424900.

All rights reserved . No part of this publication may be reproduced or transm1tted in any form or by any means , electronic
or mechanical , including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system , except in the form of brief
excerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher.

Copyright © 2008 by American Water Works Association

Printed in USA

¡¡
 Committee Personnel
The SWPMTAC Task Group on C222, which developed this edition, had the following
personnel at the time:

Antonio Liberatore, Chair

F.O. Barnes, Barnes Group International, Windsor, Calif (AWWA)

M. Bauer, Tnemec Company, lnc., North Kansas City, Mo. (AWWA)
R.M. Buchanan, Canusa-CPS, Toronto, Onr. (AWWA)
R.W Geary, Tek-Rap Inc., Houston, Texas (AWWA)
B.D. Keil, Continental Pipe Manufacturing, Pleasant Grave, Utah (SPFA)
A. Liberatore, Madison Chemical Industries Inc., Milton, Ont. (AWWA)
L. McKinney, Womble Company Inc., Houston, Texas (AWWA)
R.O. Mielke, Norrhwest Pipe, Raleigh, N.C. (AWWA)
R.E. Newby, ICI Devoe Coatings, Mandeville, La. (AWWA)
]. O'Brien, Tapecoat Company, Evanston, Ill. (AWWA)
S. P. Scarpone, Reilly Industries Inc., Indianapolis, Ind. (AWWA)
M.S. Soloninka, ShawCor Pipe Protection, Houston, Texas (AWWA)
].A. Wise, Canus Internacional Sales Inc., Surrey, B.C. (AWWA)

The AWWA Standards Commitree on Sreel Pipe, which reviewed and approved this stan-
dard, had the following personnel at the time of approval:

John H. Bambei Jr., Chair

George J. Tupac, Vice-Chair
Dennis Dechant, Secretary

General lnterest Members

].B. Allen: Srandards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)

WR. Brunzell, Brunzell Associares Ltd., Skokie, Ill. (AWWA)
R.L. Coffey, HDR Engineering Inc., Omaha, Neb. (AWWA)
H.E. Dunham, MWH Inc., Bothell, Wash. (AWWA)
S. N. Foellmi, Black & Vearch Corporation, Irvine, Calif. (AWWA)

"Liaison, nonvoring

¡¡¡
J.W Green, McDonough Associates lnc., Chicago, Ill. (AWWA)
M.B. Horsley,~ Black & Veatch Corporarion, Kansas Ciry, Mo. (AWWA)
].K. Jeyapalan, Pipeline Consulranr, New Milford, Conn. (AWWA)
].L. Mattson, Corrosion Control Technologies, Sandy, Utah (AWWA)
WJ. Moncreir,* HDR Engineering Inc., San Diego, Calif (AWWA)
R. Ortega, Lockwood Andrews & Newman, Houston, Texas (AWWA)
A. E. Romer, Boyle Engineering Corporation, Newporr Beach, Calif (AWWA)
H.R. Stoner, Consulranr, Norrh Plainfleld, N.]. (AWWA)
C.C. Sundberg, CH2M Hill lnc., lssaquah, Wash. (AWWA)
G.]. Tupac, G.]. Tupac & Associates Inc., Pirtsburgh, Pa. (AWWA)
WR. Whidden, Post Buckley Schuh & Jcrnigan, Orlando, Fla. (AWWA)
K.E. Wilson,t Standards Council Liaison, Post Buckley Schuh & Jernigan,
Tampa, Fla. (AWWA)

Producer Members

S.A. Arnaout, Hanson Pressure Pipe Inc., Dalias, Texas (AWWA)

H.H. Bardakjian, Consulranr, Glendale, Calif (AWWA)
M. Bauer, Tnemec Company Inc., Norrh Kansas Ciry, Mo. (AWWA)
R.]. Card, Victaulic, Adanta, Ga. (AWWA)
R.R. Carpenter, American SpiralWeld Pipe Company, Birmingham, Ala. (MSS)
D. Dechant, Dechant Infrastructure Services, Aurora, Colo. (AWWA)
WB. Geyer, Srreet Plate Fabricators Association, Lake Zurich, Ill. (SPFA)
1

].L. Luka, American SpiralWeld Pipe Company, Columbia, S.C. (AWWA)

R. Mielke,~ Northwesr Pipe Company, Raleigh, N.C. (AWWA)
]. Olmos, Ameran lnrernational, Rancho Cucamonga, Calif (AWWA)
B. Vanderploeg, Northwesr Pipe Company, Porrland, Ore. (AWWA)
].A. Wise, Canus lnternarional Sales, Surrey, B.C. (AWWA)

User Members

G.A. Andersen, New York Ciry Bureau ofWater Supply, Litrle Neck, N.Y. (AWWA)
J. H. Bambei] r., Denver Water Departmenr, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)

*Alternare
t Liaison, nonvoring

iv
D.W Coppes, Massachusetts Water Resources Authority,
Southborough, Mass. (NEWWA)
R.V Frisz, US Bureau ofReclamation, Denver, Colo. (USBR)
G. George, Tacoma Water, Tacoma, Wash. (AWWA)
T.J. Jordan, Metropolitan Water District of Southern California,
La Verne, Calif. (AWWA)
M. McReynolds, • Metro poli tan Water District of Southern California,
LaMirada, Calif. (AWWA)
G. Oljaca, Greater Vancouver Regional District, Burnaby, B. C. (AWWA)
VB. Soto, Los Angeles Department ofWarer & Power, Los Angeles, Calif. (AWWA)
G.P. Stine, San Diego County Water Authority, Escondido, Calif (AWWA)
J.V Young, City ofRichmond, Richmond, B.C. (AWWA)

*Alternare

V
Copyrighted materiallicensed lo Eduardo Fernandez Suarez on 2014-09-04 for licensee's use only.
No further reproduction or networking is permilled. Distributed by Thomson Reuters (Scientific) LLC , www.techstreet.com.
__,¿
@
::o
>-
=@
e
o
·¡:;
e::
2:l
.S
~
0..
"'
i5
 Contents

Afl AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations Jrom this format
may be found in a particular standard.
SEC. PAGE SEC. PAGE
Foreword 4.5 Caating Applicarian ........................... 8

I Introducrion...................................... ix 4.6 Caaríng Repaír ................................. 10

I.A Background ....................................... ix 4.7 Welded Field Jaints ......................... 11

I.B Hísrory .............................................. 1x 4.8 Nanwelded Jaints ............................ 12

I.C Acceptance ........................................ IX 4.9 Caaríng Specíal Pipe Cannectians
li Special lssues............................... ... .... x and Appurtenances ..... .. ... .... .. ....... 12
III Use of Thís Standard......................... x 4.10 Field Procedures ............................... 13

III.A Purchaser Options and 4.11 Safery and Regularíans ..................... 14

Alrernarives ..................................... x
S Verification
III.B Modíficarion ro Standard .................. x1
5.1 Qualíry Assurance and Recards........ 14
N Majar Revisians ................. ............... x1
5.2 Purchaser' s Inspecrían......... .. .. ......... 14
V Cammenrs ....................................... xu
5.3 Labararory-Applíed Caaring
Standard Sysrem Requiremenrs .................... 15

1 General
5.4 Surface Prepararían Inspecrían ........ 15
5.5 Shap- ar Fíeld-Caated Pipe
1.1 Scape ................................................. 1
Inspecríon ..................................... 16
1.2 Purpase .............................................. 2
5.6 Norice af Nonconfarmance ............. 16
1.3 Applicatian ............. ........ .. ...... .. .. ....... 2
6 Delivery
2 References ........ ...... ...... ...... .... ........... 2
6.1 General ............................................ 17
3 Definitions... .. ...... .............. ............... 4 6.2 Packagíng......................................... 17
6.3 Storage of Marerials .... .. .... .. .. ..... ...... 17
4 Requirements
6.4 Affidavit af Camplíance.... .... .. .. ....... 17
4.1 Materíals ......... ............... .. ....... ... ... ..... 4
4.2 Laborarory-Applied Caaring Tables
Sysrem Requírements ...................... 4 1 Propertíes of Laborarory-Applied
4.3 Caating Thickness .. .. ......................... 6
Coaring .......................................... 5
4.4 Surface Prepararían............................ 7 2 Properties of Producrian Caaríng .... 14

vii
Copyríghted materíallícensed to Eduardo Fernandez Suarez on 2014-09-04 for Jícensee's use only.
No further reproduction or network1ng is permitted. Dístributed by Thomson Reuters (Scientific) LLC. www .techstreet.com.

~
@
:::0
>-.
~
t::
o
·¡::
t::
~
.5
~
"'o..
.~

¡S
 Foreword
This foreword is for information only and is nota part ofANSIIAWWA C222.

l. lntroductio n .
I.A. Background. Fast-setting, very high solids polyurethane coatings were first
used in North America to protect stecl underground fue! storage tanks from
corrosion in the mid-1970s. The materials were also used to protect oil and gas
pipelines in Europe at approximately the same time. Because of further development
of the technology during the 1980s, the coating system was used successfully in water
and wastewarer pipelines and tanks.
I.B. History. In April 1996, rhe AWWA Srandards Council authorized the
Steel Pipe Committee to develop a new standard for the use of polyurethane coatings
on the interior and exterior of sreel water pipe and fittings. The first edirion of ANSI/
AWWA C222 was approved on June 20, 1999. This is the second edition of this
standard and was approved on ]une 8, 2008.
I.C. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF
International (NSF) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a
certification program for all direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other
members of the original consortium included the American Water Works Association
Research Foundarion (AwwaRF) and the Conference of State Health and Enviran-
mental Managers (COSHEM). The American Water Works Association (AWWA)
and the Association of State Orinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined later.
In the United Srares, authority to regulare products for use in, or in contact with,
drinking water rests with individual states.* Local agencies may choose ro impose
requirements more stringent than those required by rhe state. To evaluare the health
effects of produces and drinking water additives from such products, state and local
agencies may use various references, including
l. An advisory program formerly administered by USEPA, Office of Orinking
Water, discontinued on Apr. 7, 1990.
2. Specific policies of the state or local agency.

• Persons oui:Side rhe Unired Sra res should con raer rhe appropriare aurhoriry having jurisdicrion.

ix
 3. Two standards developed under the direction of NSF : ~ NSF/ANSit 60,
Drinking Water Treatment Chemícals-Health Effects, and NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking
Water System Components-Health Effects.
4. Other references, including AWWA standards, Food Chemicals Codex, Wáter
Chemicals Codex,t and other standards considered appropriate by the state or local
agency.
Various cerrification organizations may be involved in certif)ring produces in
accordance with NSF/ANSI 61. Individual states or local agencies have authority to
accept or accredit certification organizations within their jurisdiction. Accreditation
of cerrification organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
Annex A, "Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures," to NSF/ANSI 61 does
not stipulate a maximum allowable leve] (MAL) of a contaminant for substances not
regulated by a USEPA final maximum contaminanr level (MCL). The MALs of an
unspecified list of "unregulated conraminants" are based on toxicity testing guidelines
(noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of Annex A
procedures may not always be identical, depending on the certifier.
ANSI/ AWWA C222 does not address additives requirements. Users of this
standard should consult the appropriate state or local agency having jurisdiction in
arder to
l. Determ ine additives requirements, including applicable standards.
2. Determine the status of cerrifications by all parties offering to certif)r prod-
uces for contact with, or treatment of, drinking water.
3. Determine current informarían on product cerrification .
11. Special Issues. There are no special issues described by this standard.
111. Use of This Standard. Ir is the responsibility of the user of an AWWA
standard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for use
in the particular application being considered.
liLA. Purchaser Options and Alternatives. The following items should be pro-
vided by rhe purchaser:
l. Standard used-that 1s, ANSI/ AWWA C222, Standard for Polyurethane
Coatings for the Interior and Exterior of Steel Water Pipe, and Fittings of latest revision.

*NSF Inrernarional , 789 N . Oixboro Road , Ann Arbor, MI 48105.

t American arional Srandards lnsrirure, 25 Wesr 43 rd Srreer, Fourrh Floor, New York, NY 10036.
t Borh publicarions available from Nacional Academy of Scien ces, 500 Fifrh Srreer, W,
Washingron, O C 20001.

X
 2. Whether comp li ance with NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System
Components-Health Effects, is required, in addition to the requirements of the Safe
Orinking Water Act.
3. Any exceptions to the standard.
4. Oiameter, length, and location of pipeline.
5. Color of coating required (if applicable).
6. lnternal or externa! coating system to be provided (Sec. 1.1.1).
7. Temperature of conveyed water (Sec. 1.1.3).
8. Oetails of other federal, state or provincial, and local requirements (Sec. 4.1).
9. Additional reagents for chemical resistance testing (Sec. 4.2.5)
10. Dry film thickness (Sec. 4.3).
1 1. Thickness for special applications (Sec. 4.3.2).
12. Abrasive blast proflle (Sec. 4.4.2.2) .
13. Visual comparative standard for surface preparation (Sec. 4.4.2.3).
14. Field joint material selection (Sec. 4.7.5).
15. Coating requirements for flange faces and other mating surfaces (Sec. 4.9.4).
16. Bedding and backflll requirements (Sec. 4.10.3).
17. Government regulations (Sec. 4.11.1).
18. Optional inspection (Sec. 5.2).
19. Prequaliflcation testing (Sec. 5.3).
20. Affldavit of compliance (Sec. 6.4).
III.B. Modification to Standard Any modiflcation of the provisions, deflni-
tions, or terminology in this standard must be provided by the purchaser.
IY. Major Revisions. Major changes made to the standard in this edition
include the following:
l. Maximum temperature has been modifled in Sec. 1.1.3.
2. The properties of laboratory-applied coating requirements in Table 1 have
been revised.
3. The section on coating adhesion has been removed (Sec. 4.2.1, C222-99).
4. Revised impact resistance testing to be determined using ASTM G14
(Sec. 4.2.3).
5. Added dielectric strength testing per ASTM 0149 (Sec. 4.2.6).
6. Changed dry film thickness measurement in Sec. 4.3.4.
7. Pipe preparation has been modifled (Sec. 4.4.2). The abrasive blast cleaning
section has been revised, changes have been made to the visual comparative standards
requirements, and a new section on abrasive working mix has been added.

xi
 8. The requirements for overcoating in Sec. 4.5.5 have been revised. The rerm
recoatwas changed ro overcoat anda new section on curing of coatings has been added
(Sec. 4.5.6).
9. Requirements for protecrion during welding of field joints have been
changed (Sec. 4.7.2), and Sec. 4.7.5 has been updated to require approval by the pur-
chaser for welded field joint marerials.
1O. A max:im u m partid e size for backfill was added ro Sec. 4.1 0.3.2.
11. Table 2 has been updated and renamed ro Properties ofProduction Coaring.
12. The paragraph on coating application inspection has been removed from
Sec. 5.2.
13. Coaring tests in Sec. 5.3 were modified.
14. Sec. 5.5 on coated pipe inspecrion has been modified. The section on cure
test was removed, and the requirements for adhesion tesring have been changed.
V. Comments. If you have any comments or questions abour rhis standard,
please call the AWWA Volunteer and Technical Supporr Group at 303.794.7711,
FAX at 303.795.7603, write ro rhe group at 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO
80235-3098, or e-mail ar srandards@awwa.org.

xii
------- - -

ANSI/ AWWA C222-08

(Revision of ANSI/ AWWA C222-99)

American Water Works

Association

AWWA Standard

Polyurethane Coatings for the

Interior and Exterior of
Steel Water Pipe and Fittings

SECTION 1: GENERAL

Sec. 1.1 Scope

This standard sets mínimum requirements for shop- and field-applied polyure-
thane interior linings and exterior coatings used in che water supply industry. These
coatings are used for steel water pipe, special sections, welded joints, connecrions, or
fittings for steel water pipelines installed underground or underwarer operating under
normal conditions.
l . 1.1 Coating and lining systems. Unless otherwise specified by the pur-
chaser, che lining and coating systems shall consist of an ASTM D 16 Type V
thermoset, aromatic polyurethane plastic polymer that is che reaction produce of
diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) resin and polyol resin or polyamine resin or a
mixture of polyol and polyamine resins. Typically, these systems are solvent free or
almost solvent free (less than 1O percent solvent by volume). They are fast setting
(cure ro handle in less than 30 min) and are applied in one coat direct ro steel.
However, there are a wide variery of polyurethane technologies available on the

1
2 AWWA C222-08

market that may contain up to 1O percent solvent orare slower setting that also meet
the requirements of this standard.
1.1 .2 Conditions not described in this standard The coating systems described
in this standard are not intended for use on pipe that will be bent after the lining or
coating system has been applied.
1.1.3 Maximum temperature. AWWA steel pipe coating standards are writ·-
ten for and based on the service temperature of potable water. Consult the coating
manufacturer for conditions and limitations. Polyurethane coating is suitable for
water and wastewater pipelines operating at temperatures up toa maximum of 150°F
(66°C).

Sec. 1.2 Purpose

The purpose of this standard is to provide the m1mmum requirements for
polyurethane lining and coating systems for the interior and exterior of steel water
pipe including coating materials, surface prepararían, testing, handling, and
packaging requiremenrs.

Sec. 1.3 Application

This standard can be referenced in speciflcations for rhe interior and exterior of
steel water pipe. The stipulations of rhis standard apply when this document has
been referenced and then only to polyurethane coating systems for the interior and
exterior of steel water pipe.

SECTION 2: REFERENCES

This standard references the following documents. In rheir latest editions, these
documents form a part of this standard to the extent specifled with in the standard.
In any case of conflict, the requirements of this standard shall prevail.
ANSI"/AWWA C203-Coal-Tar Protective Coatings and Linings for Steel
Water Pipelines-Enamel and Tape-Hot-Applied.
ANSIIAWWA C209-Cold-Applied Tape Coatings for the Exterior of Special
Sections, Connections, and Firtings for Steel Water Pipe.

"' American Nacional Srandards lnsriwre, 25 Wesr 43rd Srreer, 4rh Floor, New York, NY 10036.
POLYURETHANE COATINGS FOR THE INTERIOR ANO EXTERIOR OF STEEL WATER PIPE ANO FITIINGS 3

ANSIIAWWA C210-Liquid-Epoxy Coating Systems for the Interior and

Exterior of Steel Water Pipelines.
ANSIIAWWA C216-Heat-Shrinkable Cross-Linked Polyolefln Coatings for
the Exterior of Special Sect.ions, Connections, and Fittings.
ANSIIAWWA C217-Petrolatum and Petroleum Wax Tape Coatings for the
Exterior of Connections and Fittings for Steel Water Pipelines.
ASTM* D16-Standard Terminology for Paim, Related Coatings, Materials,
and Applications.
ASTM D149-Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
Dielectr.ic Strength of Solid Electrical Insularing Marerials at Commercial Power
Frequencies.
ASTM D522-Standard Test Methods for Mandrel Bend Test of Attached
Organic Coatings.
ASTM D543-Standard Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to
Chemical Reagents.
ASTM 0570-Standard Test Method for Water Absorption of Plast.ics.
ASTM 02240-Standard Test Method for Rubber Properry-Durometer
Hardness.
ASTM 04060-Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
Coatings by the Taber Abraser.
ASTM 04417-Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Surface
Pro file of Blast Cleaned Steel.
ASTM 04541-Standard Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings
Using Portable Adhesion Testers.
ASTM Gl4-Standard Test Method for Impact Resistance ofPipeline Coat.ings
(Falling Weight Test).
ASTM G95-Standard Test Merhod for Cathodic Oisbondment Test of
Pipeline Coatings (Attached Cell Method).
NACEt RP-0 188-Discontinuity (Holiday) Testing of New Protective Coat-
ings on Conductive Substrates.
SSPC+ AB 1-Mineral and Slag Abrasives.

* ASTM Inrernarional, lOO Barr Harbor Orive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.

tNACE Internacional, 1440 Souch Creek Orive, Houscon, TX 77084.
:j:SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings, 40 24th Se., Sixrh Floor, Pirrsburgh, PA 15222-4643.
4 AWWA C222-08

SSPC-AB 2-Cleanliness of Recycled Ferrous Metallic Abrasives.

SSPC-AB 3-Ferrous Metal Abrasive.
SSPC-PA 2-Measurement of Dry Paint Thickness with Magnetic Gauges.
SSPC-PA 3-Guide to Safety in Paint Application.
SSPC-SP 1-Solvent Cleaning.
SSPC-SP 7 /NACE No. 4-Brush-off Blast Cleaning.
SSPC-SP lO/NACE No. 2-Near-White Blast Cleaning.

SECTION 3: DEFINITIONS

The following definitions shall apply to this standard:

l. Constructor: The party rhat provides the work and materials for
placement or installation.
2. Day: A day is defined as a 24-hr period.
3. Manufocturer: The party that manufactures the coating material
described in this standard.
4. Purchaser: The person, company, or organization that purchases any
materials or work ro be performed.

SECTION 4: REQUIREMENTS

Sec. 4 .1 Materials
Materials shall comply with the requirements of the Safe Drinking Water Act
and orher federal regulations for potable water, wastewater, and reclaimed water
systems as applicable.

Sec. 4 .2 Laboratory-Applied Coating System Requirements

The coating materials to be used on the interior and exterior of the steel pipe
shall meet all of the physical and performance requirements shown in Table 1 as
determined by testing as described in Sec. 4.2 and 5.3. The thiclmess of the coating
for these tests shall be per Sec. 4.3.1. For test methods that are to be complered on
steel panels, the surface preparation and coating application shall be completed as per
Sec. 4.4 and Sec. 4.5. The coatings to be tested shall be fully cured according to rhe
manufacrurer's recommendation.
 POL YURETHANE COATINGS FOR THE INTERIOR ANO EXTERIOR OF STEEL WATER PIPE ANO FITIINGS 5

Table 1 Properties of laboratory-applied coating

Test
Property Rcquirement Method

Carhodic Disbondmenr (28 days) 12-mm ( 1/z-in.) radius, Maximum Sec. 4.2.1

Flexibility 180° bend over 3-in. (77-mm) mandrel No cracking or delaminacion Sec. 4.2.2

lmpact Resistance 75 in.·lb (8.5 N·m) , Minimum Sec. 4.2.3

Abrasion Resisrance C 17 wheel, 1-kg weighr 100-mg loss per 1,000 rev., Maximum Sec. 4.2.4

Chemical Resisrance 1Oo/o H2S04, 30% NaCI, 30% aOH, 5% change in mass, lengrh, or widrh Sec. 4.2.5
and #2 diese! fue! afrer 30 days' immer ion, Maximum

Oielectric Srrength 250V/mil, Mínimum Sec. 4.2.6

Water Absorption 2.0% Maximum Sec. 4.2.7

Hardness 65 Shore D, Mínimum Sec. 4.2.8

4.2.1 Cathodic disbondment. The cathodic disbondment of rhe coating

sysrem shall be derermined in accordance wirh ASTM G95. The test shaU be
modified ro run ar -1.5 volrs for 28 days. The disbondment radius shall be a
maximum of 12 mm (Y2 in.) as measured from rhe edge of rhe inirial holiday.
4.2.2 FLexibility. The flexibility of the coaring system shall be determined in
accordance wirh ASTM D522. The coating sysrem shall be able ro withstand a
mínimum bend of 180° over a 3-in. (76-mm) mandrel with no cracking or
delaminarion.
4.2.3 Impact resistance. The impact resistance of the coaring system shall be
determined in accordance with ASTM G 14. Five samples shall be resred and rhe
resulrs averaged. An average value below 75 in.·lb (8.4 N·m) shall constirure failure
of the coaring system to meer impact requirements.
4 .2.4 Abrasion resistance. The abrasion resistance of rhe coaring sysrem shall
be derermined in accordance wirh ASTM D4060 usíng a CS 17 wheel with a 1-kg
weight. The abrasion resisrance shall be a maximum of 100-mg coaring loss (average
of rhree rríals) per 1,000 revolutions.
4.2.5 Chemicai resistance. The chemical resistance shall be determined in
accordance wírh ASTM 0543 Practice A, Procedure I, at a mínimum temperarure of
0
70°F (2l C). Prepare 1.5-in. by 5-in. (40-mm by 125-mm) (approx.) samples of the
coaring alonc (not arrached to sreel or any other subsrrate) of rhe rhíckness as
derermined by Sec. 4.3. Weigh samples and record mass ro the nearesr milligram.
6 AWWA C222-08

Measure the length and width of each sarnple to the nearest 10th of a millimeter.
Completely immerse coating samples in suirably covered conrainers with the following
solutions (one solution per container): 1O percenr sulfuric acid (H2S04), 30 percenr
sodium chloride (NaCI), 30 percent sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and #2 diese! fuel. At
the oprion of the purchaser, additional reagenrs may be rested if chemically aggressive
soil or water conditions are present. Continue immersion for 30 days. During the test
period, replenish loss of reagent(s) caused by evaporation, if applicable. After 30 days,
remove sarnples, rinse, and par dry. Let samples stand for 24 hr befare weighing and
measuring dimensions. The samples shall not gain or lose more than 5 percent of the
total mass or 5 percent of the length or width after 30 days' immersion in each of the
reagents. After standing for 24 hr, the samples shall nor exhibir any blisrering, cracking,
sofrening, or other forms of deteriorarion. Changes in color or staining shall nor be
considered a failure.
4.2.6 Dielectric strength. The dielectric strength of rhe coaring system shall
be tested in accordance with ASTM 0149 (at 20 mil). An average value below the
value shown in Table 1 shall constirure failure to meet dielectric strength
req ui rements.
4.2.7 ~ter absorption. The coating system shall have a maximum water
absorption of 2.0 percent as determined by ASTM D570.
4.2.8 Hardness. The coating sysrem shall have a minimum Ourometer
hardness of 65 on rhe Shore D scale in accordance with ASTM D2240.

Sec. 4.3 Coating Thickness

4.3.1 Mínimum dry film thickness. The mínimum applied dry film thickness
shall be 20 mil (500 1-1m) on rhe interior lining and 25 mil (625 j-lm) on the exterior
coating, or rhe minimum dry film thickness required by the manufacturer to meet
the requirements of this standard, whichever is greater.
4.3.2 Thickness for special applications. In some instances, such as abrasive
flowing water or rocky soils, additional coating thickness may be specified by the
purchaser or applied as recommended by the coaring manufacturer.
4.3.3 Maximum dry fiLm thickness. The coating system may be applied to

any maximum dry film thickness as recommended by the manufacturer. When

applied at the maximum dry film thickness, the coating system shall pass all
performance requirements detailed in Sec. 4.2.
 POLYURETHANE COATINGS FOR THE INTERIOR ANO EXTERIOR OF STEEL WATER PIPE ANO FITIINGS 7

4.3.4 Dry film thickness measurement. The dry film rhickness of the coaring
shall be measured in accordance with SSPC-PA 2. The avcrages listed in SSPC-PA 2
shall be deleted, and no single gauge reading shall be less rhan rhe specifled mínimum
thickness.

Sec. 4.4 Surface Preparation

4.4.1 General. The interior lining or exterior coaring shall be applied
according ro the manufacrurer's recommendations. These recomrnendations cover
surface prepararían, shop coating application, inspection, repairs, and fleld coating
application.
4.4.2 Pipe preparation.
4.4.2.1 Cleaning. Prior ro abrasive blast cleaning, surfaces ro be coated shall
be inspected and, if required, cleaned in accordance with SSPC-SP 1 to remove any
oil, grease, or other soluble contaminants. Only solvenrs that do not leave a residue
shall be used for cleaning. Preheating ro remove water and ice may be used provided
thar the pipe is preheated in a uniform manner to avoid disrortion of the pipe.
Surface imperfections such as burrs, gouges, and weld spatter shall be removed by
flling or grinding ro prevenr holidays in the applied coating.
4.4.2.2 Abrasive blast cleaning. Pipe surfaces shall be abrasive blast cleaned
with mineral abrasives, slag abrasives, or steel grit (reference SSPC-AB l and SSPC-
AB 3) in accordance with SSPC-SP 10/NACE No. 2) with an angular proflle. The
blast anchor pattern or proflle depth shall be a mínimum of 2.5 mil (64 ~m)
meas u red in accordance wirh ASTM 04417. If a greater degree of sur fa ce
prepararían is recommended by the manufacrurer or is required for the coating to
meet Sec. 4.2, that leve! of surface prepararían shall be used. Abrasive blast cleaning
shall be performed when che metal temperature is more than 5°F (3°C) above the
dew poinr, using conraminant-free air.
4.4.2.3 Visual comparative standards. If specifled by rhe purchaser, before
abrasive blast cleaning is started, the constructor shall prepare a represenrative area of
the abrasive blast-cleaned surfaces on an actual work surface as well as visual
standards on pands that are a mínimum 6 in. x 6 in. x 0.25 in. (152 mm x 152 mm
x 6.4 mm). On agreement between the purchaser and constructor thar the visual
standard mee es the requirements of Sec. 4.4.2.1, the panels shall be wrapped in 4-mil
to 6-rnil ( 102-~m ro 152-~m) plastic, sealed with tape, or otherwise protected from
surface contamination and corrosion, and maintained as a visual reference standard
8 AWWA C222-08

throughout the coating operation. Alternatively, other industry-accepted visual

comparative standards, such as those provided by NACE or SSPC and agreed on by
the purchaser and constructor, may be used.
4.4.2.4 Abrasive working mix. When blasting equipment is employed using
recycled abrasive blast media, the abrasive working mix shall be maintained free of
contaminants.
4.4.2.5 Air blowoff. Contaminant-free compressed air shall be used to blow
the dust, grit, or other foreign matter from the blasted substrate in a manner that
does not affect the cleaned surface, other cleaned pipe, or pipe to be coated. Vacuum
cleaning or other methods may be used in place of compressed air.
4.4.2.6 Surface inspection. The cleaned interior and exterior surfaces of pipe
shall be inspected as per Sec. 5.4 to ensure conformance of adequate surface
preparation (Sec. 4.4.2.1, 4.4.2.2, 4.4.2.3). Surface imperfections such as burrs,
gouges, and weld spatter shall be removed by filing or grinding to prevent holidays in
the coating and shall be abrasive blast deaned where applicable.
4.4.2.7 Prorection from moisture and contaminants. Blast-cleaned pipe sur-
faces shall be protected from condensarían, moisture, rainfall, frost, and snow. Blast-
cleaned surfaces shall also be protected from other contaminants, induding sand,
grit, and dirt. The blasted pipe surface shall not be allowed w flash rust or exhibir
deteriorarían befare coating.

Sec. 4.5 Coating Application

4.5.1 GeneraL. The interior and exterior coatings shall be applied according
to the coating manufacturer's instructions to the required thickness as per Sec. 4.3.
4.5.2 Training. The application of the coating shalJ be completed and
supervised by individuals that have been trained by the manufacturer in the
application of the coating being applied.
4.5.3 Temperature and heating.
4.5.3.1 Oew point. To avoid moisture and frost contamination of the steel,
the temperature of the steel shall be at least 5°F (3°C) above the dew point
temperature during the blast deaning and the application of the coating material.
4.5.3.2 Ambient and steel temperature. The ambient and steel temperatures
shall be within the range recommended by the coating manufacturer.
4.5.3.3 Heating of pipe. The steel surface may be heated to a temperature
within the manufacturer's recommended limits without contaminating the surface
POLYURETHANE COATINGS FOR THE INTERIOR ANO EXTERIOR OF STEEL WATER PIPE ANO FITIINGS 9

prepararían in any way in order to meet dew point requirements or in order ro speed
up rhe reaction and curing time of the coating.
4.5.3.4 Heating of coating material. Preheated coating material components,
in-line heaters, heated hoses, or other methods may be used to facilitare the application
of rhe coating. Heating shall conform to the recommendations of the coating
manufacturer.
4.5.4 Application methods.
4.5.4. 1 Plural component. Fast-setting, short por-life coating systems shall
be applied using plural component equipment and rechniques according to the
manufacrurer's instructions. Material may be manually sprayed, automarically
sprayed, or centrifugally applied.
4.5.4.2 Number of coats. Depending on rhe manufacturer's recommenda-
tions, the required dry film thickness may be applied in a one-coat operation using
single or mulriple passes of the spray gun. So me coating systems may require mulriple
coats.
4.5.4.3 Coating on a conveyor. With very fast-setting coating systems, it
may be possible to automatically coat pipe using a conveyor that rolls rhe pipe pasta
stationary spray gun or with a stationary but rotating pipe and a rraveling spray gun.
4.5.4.4 Other methods. Slower-sening coatings may be applied using con-
ventional airless spray equipment or orher methods recommended by the coating
manufacturer.
4.5.5 Overcoating
4.5.5.1 Overcoating an ex1stmg coating of the same formulation that has
cured less than rhe maximum recoat time specified by the coating manufacturer shall
be permitted.
4.5.5.2 Overcoaring an existing coating of the same formulation that has
cured for more than the maximum recoat time specified by the coating manufacturer
shall be permitted. The exisring coating shall be brush-blasred in accordance with
SSPC-SP 7/NACE No. 4 and shall produce a profile sufficient to achieve intercoat
adhesion equal to rhat specified for adhesion ro steel, or rhoroughly abraded,
followed by blowoff cleaning using clean, dry air. All surfaces to be overcoated must
show a surface profile as recommended by the manufacrurer to provide adequate
mechanical bonding of the new coating.
10 AWWA C222-08

4_5.5.3 Overcoating other coatings. Overcoating existing coatings of a dif-

ferent type or formulation shall not be permitted without the approval of both the
purchaser and the manufacturer.
4.5.6 Curing. The coating shall be cured in accordance with the manufac-
turer's recommendations prior ro handling, inspection and testing, and being put
inro service. A cure test shall be performed in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations. A coating that is not cured in accordance with the manufacrurer's
recommendations may be rejected.
4.5.7 lnspection and repair. Once the coating has reached a sufficient cure
according to the coating manufacturer, the coated pipe shall be inspected as per
Sec. 5.5. Any repairs shall be made as per Sec. 4.6. The final coated pipe shall be
holiday free.

Sec. 4.6 Coating Repair

4.6.1 Identificatíon. Areas for coating repair shall be determined as per
Sec. 5.5.
4.6.2 Removal of damaged coating. If necessary, damaged or improperly
applied coating shall be removed by scraping or abrasive blasting. Uncured coating
must be removed. The surrounding coating shall be removed until only well-adhered
coating as per Sec. 5.5.4 remains. Ir is not necessary ro remove coating that is well
adhered. Areas such as holidays or pinholes may nor require the removal of any
coating but shall be repaired.
4.6.3 Repair of thin coating. Areas that are less than the specified mínimum
dry film thickness as per Sec. 4.3 shall be overcoated per Sec. 4.5.5.
4.6.4 Surfoce preparation. The substrate shall be clean, dry, free of dust, loase
residues, and orher marerials interfacing with adhesion. Wash with a solvent if
necessary in accordance with SSPC-SP l. The repair area shall be prepared as
recommended by the manufacturer.
4.6.5 Repair material sefection. Only materials compatible with the originally
applied coating shall be used for repairs. Repair material rnust be approved by the
purchaser if other rhan a polyurethane material is used.
4.6.6 Repair material application. Repair material shall be applied in accor-
dance with the manufacturer's instructions.
4.6.7 Repair material thickness. Repair materials shall be applied ro the same
thickness or greater as originally specified for the coating being repaired. The
 POLYURETHANE COATINGS FOR THE INTERIOR ANO EXTERIOR OF STEEL WATER PIPE ANO FITIINGS 11

thickness of the repair material shall not exceed the thickness recommended by the
man ufacturer's instructions.
4.6.8 Repair inspection. All repaired areas shall be inspected for electrical
continuity per Sec. 5.5.3. The final coated pipe shipped from the plant shall be
holiday free.

Sec. 4.7 Welded Field Joints

4.7.1 Standard holdbacks. When the pipe sections are joined together by
field welding, a holdback that is free of interior or exterior coating shall be left
uncoated. This holdback shall be of sufficient width, as required by the constructor,
ro permit the making of field joints without damage ro the interior or exterior
coating.
4.7.2 Protection during welding. An 18-in. (450-mm) wide strip of heat-
resistant material shall be draped over the rop half of the pipe on each side of the
coating holdback during welding ro avoid damage to the coating by hot weld spatter.
The welder grounding clamp shall not be attached ro the coated part of the pipe.
4.7.3 Surfoce preparation. Afrer welding, rhe joinr shall be cleaned so as ro be
free from mud, oil, water, grease, welding flux, weld spatter, dust, and loose residues.
The cleaned metal surfaces of the joint shall then be abrasive blast cleaned to provide a
surface that complies with Sec. 4.4. Other methods of surface preparation shall be
permitted as long as they provide the same surface as defined in Sec. 4.4. The e:xisting
coating shall be abraded appro:ximately 1 to 2 in. (2.5 to 5 cm) from the edge of
holdback so that a surface profile in the existing coating meets the manufacrurer's
recommendations. The entire area ro be coated shall be clea.n, dry, and uncontaminated.
4.7.4 Coating applicatíon. The coaring system shall be applied to the welded
joint in accordance with Sec. 4.6. The joint material may be the originally applied
coating or another material designed specifically for joinr coatings as approved by the
manufacturer. Apply joint materials to the same thickness or greater as originally
specified for the main coating system in Sec. 4.3.
4.7.5 Material selection. The welded field joint materials shall be approved
by the purchaser. Weld areas may be protected with materials and methods
conforming to ANSIIAWWA C203, ANSI/AWWA C209, ANSIIAWWA C210,
ANSIIAWWA C216, ANSIIAWWA C217, and ANSIIAWWA C222 that are
compatible with the originally applied coating material.
12 A'NWA C222-08

4.7.6 Weld joint inspection and repair. ]oints shall be inspected per Sec. 5.5,
including dry film thickness, adhesion, and electrical continuity. Any repairs shall be
made per Sec. 4.6. The coated joint shall be holiday free.

Sec. 4.8 Nonwelded Joints

When gasketed JOtnts or mechanical couplings are used to connect the pipe
sections together, no holdbacks per Sec. 4.7.1 shall be left. With gasketed joints, the
spigot end of the pipe shall be coated according to rhe constructor's design so that the
water carried in the pipeline will not come in contact with any coating materials not
cenified, per Sec. 4.11. The coating thickness on the pipe surfaces that receive rubber
sealing gaskets shall not exceed what is recommended by rhe manufacturer of the pipe
or the coupling. However, rhe coaring system's dry film thickness shall not be less than
is required by Sec. 4.3. The spigor coating shall be applied per Sec. 4.5 and 4.6.

Sec. 4.9 Coating Special Pipe Connections and Appurtenances

4.9.1 General. This secrion covers the application of rhe coating system to
mechanical couplings, Aanges, and similar appurrenances for steel pipe fittings and
special connections as well as ro nuts, bolts, and other irems used in conjuncrion with
connections and attachments.
4.9.2 Surfoce preparation. Surfaces of pipe connecrions and appurtenances to
be coated shall be prepared in accordance with Sec. 4.4.
4.9.3 Coating appLication. Coarings shall be applied tn accordance with
Sec. 4.5.
4.9.4 Coating threaded connections. Prior ro shipping, threaded connections
and appurtenances that musr be assembled and operated in rhe field shall be left
uncoated and shipped with rust-prevenring compounds or strippable prorective
coatings applied to the threads only. After final field assembly, the compound shall be
completely removed. The exposed threads shall be coared per Sec. 4.7. The purchaser
shall specif}r rhe requirements for Aange faces and orher maring surfaces of other
mechanical connections.
4.9.5 lnspection and repair. Special connections and appurtenances shall be
inspected per Sec. 5.5, including dry film thickness, adhesion, and elecrrical
continuity. Any repairs shall be made per Sec. 4.6. The final coated piece shall be
holiday free.
 POL YURETHANE COATINGS FOR THE INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR OF STEEL WATER PIPE AND FITIINGS 13

Sec. 4.1O Field Procedures

4.1 0.1 General. The constructor shall use every precaution to prevenr
damage ro the protecrive coating when constructing the pipeline. No metal rools or
heavy objects shall be permitted ro come into contact with the finished coating.
Workers shall be permitted ro walk on rhe coating only when necessary, at which
times they shall wear only shoes wirh rubber or composition soles and heels. Any
damage to the pipe, special sections, connections, and fittings or to the protective
coating from any cause during instal!ation and befare final acceptance by the
purchaser shall be repaired in accordance with Sec. 4.6.
4.10.2 Hoisting. Wide belt slings shall be used ro hoisr coared pipes. The use
of chains, cables, rongs, or other equipmem likely ro damage the polyurethane
coaring will nor be permitted, nor shall the pipe be dragged or skidded. The
constructOr shall allow rhe coaring on rhe underside of coated pipes to be inspected
while the pipes are suspended. Any polyurethane coating damage shall be repaired
according ro Sec. 4.6.
4.10.3 Bedding and trench backfill. Bedding and backfilling operations shall
be performed in a manner ro avoid abrasion or orher damage to both rhe facrory- and
field-applied coarings. Unless rhe purchaser specifies otherwise, the following
requirements shall be met:
4.1 0.3.1 Where rhe trench rraverses rocky ground containing hard objects that
could penetrare the prorective coating, a layer of screened earth, sand, or grave! no
less than 6 in. (150 mm) rhick with a maximum particle size of3/4 in. (19 mm) shall
be placed in the bottom of rhe trench befare installing the coated pipe. Other
materials approved by the purchaser may be used in place of those noted above.
4.1 0.3 .2 Placemenr of backfill around the exterior of the coa red pipe shall be
done only after the purchaser has completed the final inspection and has accepted the
exterior polyurethane coaring. If rocks or other hard objects occur in the backfill
material along any section of the pipeline, screened backfill with a maximum particle
size of 3J4 in. (19 mm) shall be placed around rhe coared pipe to a mínimum deprh
of 6 in. (150 mm) above the polyurethane coating befare the remainder of the trench
is backfilled.
4.10.3.3 Bedding and backfill in rhe trench shall be compacred as specified by
rhe purchaser. Compaction wirh metal rods or other metal tools rhat could come into
conracr and damage the polyurerhane coating shall not be permitted.
14 AWWA C222-08

Sec. 4.11 Safety and Regulations

4. 11.1 Government regulations. The interior coating system shall comply
with all regularory requirements for potable water conract in effect at the time for the
location.
4.11.2 Certification. The constructor shall provide certiflcation that the
interior coaring system provided is safe for potable water service and satisfles all
currenr applicable governmental health and safety requiremenrs with regard to
potable water service.
4.11.3 Safety All necessary precautions shall be raken to protecr personnel
and property from accidenrs caused by falls, hazardous materials, flre, explosion, and
other dangers. The methods and practices deflned in SSPC-PA 3 shall be followed
along with any regulatory requirements.

SECTION 5: VERIFICATION

Sec. 5.1 Quality Assurance and Records

The constructor shall use a qualiry assurance program or system ro ensure that
the qualiry controls in this section are followed. Complete records of all inspection
work must be maintained and made available at any time upon the purchaser's
request. Properties of production coating shall be per Table 2.

Sec. 5.2 Purchaser's lnspection

5.2.1 Optional inspection. At rhe purchaser's option, the entire coating
procedure may be inspected from the time of surface preparation to the completion
of coating by the purchaser. This inspection or the lack of the purchaser's inspection
shall not relieve the constructor of the responsibility ro provide materials and to

Table 2 Properties of production coating

Property 1esr Mechad

Cure Tesr (manufacturer's recommendarion) Sec. 4.5.6

Coating Appearance (visual) Sec. 5.5.1

Dry Film Thickness Sec. 5.5.2

Elecuical Conrinuiry Sec. 5.5.3

Puli-Off Adhesion Sec. 5.5.4

 POLYURETHANE COATINGS FOR THE INTERIOR ANO EXTERIOR OF STEEL WATER PIPE ANO FITIINGS 15

perform work in accordance with this standard or of responsibility for quality

assurance as described in Sec. 5.1.

Sec. 5.3 Laboratory-Applied Coating System Requirements

5.3.1 Basis ofacceptance. If specified by the purchaser, prior ro acceptance and
applicarion of the coating materials, samples of marerials submirred by the constructor
shall be tested by the purchaser. Alternatively, the purchaser may choose any of the
following merhods: (1) acceptance on the basis of the manufacrurer's cerrified test
reports; (2) acceptance on the basis of testing of samples of proposed materials in the
purchaser's laboratory or other commercial laboratory designated by the purchaser; or
(3) acceptance on another basis defined and specified by the purchaser.
5.3.2 Panel preparation. Steel panels are ro be prepared according ro the
procedures detailed in Sec. 4.4.2.3. The size of the panels are ro be determined based
on the individual test requirements.
5.3.3 Coating thickness. The coating shall be applied ro a thickness m
accordance with Sec. 4.3.

Sec. 5.4 Surface Preparation Inspection

5.4.1 Cleaning. Immediately befare abrasive blast cleaning, the pipe shall be
visually inspected ro ensure that the surfaces to be coated are free of any oil, grease,
or other foreign matter.
5.4.2 Profile. The depth of profile shall be determined by using replica tape,
a depth micrometer, or surface profile comparator in accordance with ASTM D4417
to ensure compliance with Sec. 4.4.2.2.
5.4.3 Color. The visual comparative standard prepared as per Sec. 4.4.2.3
shall be used to determine that the color of the blasred surface meets the requirement
of near-white metal in accordance with SSPC-SP 10/NACE No. 2.
5.4.4 Steel temperature and dew point. The dew point shall be measured at
the time of abrasive blast cleaning using a standard sling psychrometer or other
industry-recognized equipment. The steel temperature shall be a mínimum of YF
(3°C) above the dew point temperature during the abrasive blast cleaning and
application of the coating material. The ambient temperature shall be within the
coating manufacturer's recommendations.
5.4.5 Rejection. The purchaser may reject any pipe or pipe section if the
surface condition does not comply wirh the requirements of Sec. 4.4.2.6. Pipe or
pipe sections rejected because of inadequate cleaning shall be recleaned.
16 AWWA C222-08

Sec. 5.5 Shop- or Field-Coated Pipe lnspection

5.5.1 Coating appearance. All coated pipe shall be visually inspected. The
coaring shall be generally smooth and free of sharp protrusions. A minor amount of
sags, dimpling, scuffing, and curtaining that does not exceed 1O percent of the
surface shall not be considered cause for rejection. The coating shall have no blisters,
cracks, bubbles, delamination, or any other visible defects. There shall be no wet or
sticky areas in the coating. Al! imperfections shall be identified and repaired
according to Sec. 4.6.
5.5.2 Dry film thickness. Dry film thickness shall be measured in accordance
with SSPC-PA 2 to ensure compliance with Sec. 4.3. If the thickness is found to be
less than the amount required, all of the pipe coated since the last thickness
measurement shall be checked and overcoated if necessary.
5.5.3 Electrical contimúty inspection. Electrical continuity inspection shall be
conducted in accordance with NACE RP-0188 any rime after the coating has
reached sufficient cure, but prior ro installation. The voltage setting shall be per
manufacturer's recommendation except that the mínimum shall be 100 v/mil. Any
holidays indicated by rhe detector shall be marked and repaired per Sec. 4.6.
5.5.4 Adhesion. Adhesion testing shall be conducted on two sufficiendy
cured, coated sections of pipe from each shift selected at random with one from the
beginning of rhe shift and one from halfway rhrough the shift. Adhesion testing shall
be conducted in accordance with ASTM D4541. The coating around the dolly shall
be scored completely through to rhe steel substrate. The adhesion will be considered
sarisfactory if the test value is a mínimum of 1,500 psi (1 0,305 kPa). If the adhesion
is not satisfactory, two additional tests shall be made ar two different locations on the
same pipe. If either additional test fails, the pipe shall be rejected. If the pipe is
rejected, a systematic inspection of all pipe coated on that shift shall be made, and al!
pipe not meeting this adhesion requirement shall be rejected. Damaged test areas of
accepred pipe and arcas determined to have unsatisfactory adhesion shall be repaired
in accordance wirh Sec. 4.6.

Sec. 5.6 Notice of Nonconformance

5.6.1 Surfoce preparation. The purchaser may reject any pipe if the surface
condition does nor comply with the requirements of Sec. 4.4.2. Pipe rejecred beca use
of inadequate cleaning shall be recleaned.
 POLYURETHANE COATINGS FOR THE INTERIOR ANO EXTERIOR OF STEEL WATER PIPE ANO RTIINGS 17

5.6.2 Coating materials. If any sample of coating material does not comply
with this standard, then the coated pipe represented by the sample shaH be repaired
or rejected.
5.6.3 Coated pipe. Coated pipe not meeting rhe mínimum requirements of
this standard shall be repaired or rejected.

SECTION 6: DELIVERY

Sec. 6.1 General

Coated pipe and other anides shall be packaged, handled, and stored in a
manner that will minimize damage. Pipe or coating damaged in handling or other
operations shall be repaired at no additional cost to the purchaser. Damage to
internallining or externa! coating shall be repaired as described in Sec. 4.6.

Sec. 6.2 Packaging

AJI coating materials shalJ be supplied to the job site in the manufacturer's
original unopened containers. Each container shall be plainly marked with the name
and address of the manufacturer, type of material, batch or lot number, date of
manufacture, storage conditions, and information as required by government
regulations.

Sec. 6.3 Storage of Materials

Marerials shall be stored and protected from the elements in compliance with
government regulations. Temperature ranges in the storage area shall be maintained
within the limits recommended by the manufacturer.

Sec. 6.4 Affidavit of Compliance

When specified by the purchaser, the constructor shall provide an affidavit that
all material and work provided complies with rhe requirements of this standard.
When specified by the purchaser, the constructor shall provide an affidavit that the
coating material supplied is of the same formulation(s) that was laboratory tested by
the manufacturer and found to meet or exceed the performance requirements of this
standard.
Copyrighted materiallicensed to Eduardo Fernandez Suarez on 2014-09-04 for Jicensee's use only.
No further reproduction or networking is permitted. Distributed by Thomson Reuters (Scientific) LLC, www.techstreet.com .
.,:,¿
e
~
...0
>-.
~
e
o
·¡:;
e
ll)
'-'
.5
~
0..
V)
:.2
E-<
Copyrighted materiallicensed to Eduardo Fernandez Suarez on 2014-09-04 for licensee's use only.
No further reproduction or networking is permitted. Oistributed by Thomson Reuters (Scienllfic) LLC, www.techstreet.com.
~
e:
_!S
...0
..Q
"(\j
e:
o
·e
§
.S
~
«l
0...
.~
~
 zO
o O
-'<
e~ "'
ª.o·
ro:!
~ro
~a.

.g3
~o.
o-
a.ro
e=:!.
n.~
ci"=
:::>0
o<~>
~~
=>ro
roa.
?-
00
~m
~a.
=>e
C.OQ>
(.j;" a.
-u O
ro-n
~(!)
3~
- - :::>
::::o.>
ro::>
.o. a.
ro
ON
- · (j)
~e
:>. Q>
o-~
e<D
-N
roo
0.:::>
<TI\)
'<o
--i~
::T~
O•
30
(/)'fl
o o
:::>~

JJo
ro~

s=
ro'"'
~ro
(!):::>
U:i¡g
o ro_
ffi' U>
::>e
~en
=»ro
.!:!.o
r::!..
r'<
p·

i
ro-
o
:::r
~
m
!!l.
oo
3

AWWA is the authoritative resource for knowtedge, information, and advocacy to improve the quatity and
suppty of water in North America and beyond. AWWA is the targest organization of water professiona/s in the
wortd. AWWA advances public heatth, safety, and we/fare by uniting the efforts of the fu// spectrum of the
entire water community. Through our coffective strength we become better stewards of water for the greatest
good of the people and the environment.

1P-3.6M-43222-10/08-JP
*
Printed on recycled paper.